refactoring modules

libraries/htmlGEC/EncodeDecode.icl

@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ where
 DecodeHtmlStatesAndUpdate :: ServerKind (Maybe String) -> ([HtmlState],String,String)
 DecodeHtmlStatesAndUpdate serverkind args
 # (_,triplet,update,state) = DecodeArguments serverkind args
-= ([states \\states=:(id,_,_,nstate) <- DecodeHtmlStates state | id <> "" || nstate <> ""],triplet,update) // to be sure that no rubisch is passed on
+= ([states \\states=:(id,_,_,nstate) <- DecodeHtmlStates state | id <> "" || nstate <> ""],triplet,update) // to be sure that no rubbish is passed on
 
 // Parse and decode low level information obtained from server 
 // In case of using a php script and external server:

libraries/htmlGEC/PrintUtil.dcl

 definition module PrintUtil
 
-// a collection of handy print routines to write html to Std Output
+// a collection of print routines to write html to Std Output
 // (c) MJP 2005
 
 import StdGeneric
@@ -8,38 +8,39 @@ import StdFile
 import StdStrictLists
 import Gerda
 
-:: *HtmlStream :== [# String !]
+:: *HtmlStream	:== [# String !]
 
-:: FoF :== (*HtmlStream -> *HtmlStream)
+:: FoF			:== (*HtmlStream -> *HtmlStream)
 
 :: *NWorld							// io interface
-	= 	{ worldC	:: !*World			// world for any io
-		, inout		:: !*HtmlStream		// to read from stdin and write to stdout
-		, gerda		:: *Gerda			// to read and write to the database
+	= 	{ worldC:: !*World			// world for any io
+		, inout	:: !*HtmlStream		// to read from stdin and write to stdout
+		, gerda	:: *Gerda			// to read and write to the database
 		}				
 instance FileSystem NWorld
-appWorldNWorld :: !.(*World -> *World)       !*NWorld -> *NWorld
-accWorldNWorld :: !.(*World -> *(.a,*World)) !*NWorld -> (.a,!*NWorld)
+appWorldNWorld	:: !.(*World -> *World)       !*NWorld -> *NWorld
+accWorldNWorld	:: !.(*World -> *(.a,*World)) !*NWorld -> (.a,!*NWorld)
 
 
 // generic function for printing tags
 // Constructors are converted to html tag strings
 // prefix Name_ of Name_Attrname is removed, and Name is converted to lowercase string
 
-generic gHpr a :: !*HtmlStream !a -> *HtmlStream		
+generic gHpr a	:: !*HtmlStream !a -> *HtmlStream		
 
 derive gHpr UNIT, PAIR, EITHER, CONS, OBJECT
 derive gHpr Int, Real, Bool, String, Char, []
 
 // the main print routine
 
-print_to_stdout 	:: a *NWorld -> *NWorld | gHpr{|*|} a
+print_to_stdout :: !a !*NWorld -> *NWorld | gHpr{|*|} a
 
 // handy utility print routines	
 
 print 			:: !String 				-> FoF
-(<+) infixl 	:: !*HtmlStream !a 		-> *HtmlStream | gHpr{|*|} a
-(<+>) infixl 	:: !*HtmlStream FoF 	-> *HtmlStream
+(<+)  infixl 	:: !*HtmlStream !a 		-> *HtmlStream	| gHpr{|*|} a
+(<+>) infixl 	:: !*HtmlStream !FoF 	-> *HtmlStream
+
 htmlAttrCmnd 	:: !hdr !tag !body  	-> FoF | gHpr{|*|} hdr & gHpr{|*|} tag & gHpr{|*|} body
 openCmnd 		:: !a !b 				-> FoF | gHpr{|*|} a & gHpr{|*|} b
 styleCmnd 		:: !a !b 				-> FoF | gHpr{|*|} a & gHpr{|*|} b

libraries/htmlGEC/PrintUtil.icl

@@ -9,18 +9,18 @@ import Gerda
 
 generic gHpr a :: !*HtmlStream !a -> *HtmlStream
 
-gHpr{|String|} file s = [|s:file]	// the only entry that actualy prints something
+gHpr{|String|} file s = [|s:file]			// the only entry that actually prints something
 											// all others eventually come here converted to string
 
-gHpr{|Int|}    file i = [|toString i:file]
-gHpr{|Real|}   file r = [|toString r:file] 
-gHpr{|Bool|}   file b = [|toString b:file]
-gHpr{|Char|}   file c = [|toString c:file]
-gHpr{|UNIT|}   				file _ 				= file
-gHpr{|PAIR|}   gHpra gHprb 	file (PAIR a b) 	= gHprb (gHpra file a) b
-gHpr{|EITHER|} gHprl gHprr 	file (LEFT left) 	= gHprl file left
-gHpr{|EITHER|} gHprl gHprr 	file (RIGHT right) 	= gHprr file right
-gHpr{|OBJECT|} gHpro 		file (OBJECT object)= gHpro file object 
+gHpr{|Int|}                 file i              = [|toString i:file]
+gHpr{|Real|}                file r              = [|toString r:file] 
+gHpr{|Bool|}                file b              = [|toString b:file]
+gHpr{|Char|}                file c              = [|toString c:file]
+gHpr{|UNIT|}                file _ 				= file
+gHpr{|PAIR|}   gHpra gHprb  file (PAIR a b) 	= gHprb (gHpra file a) b
+gHpr{|EITHER|} gHprl gHprr  file (LEFT left) 	= gHprl file left
+gHpr{|EITHER|} gHprl gHprr  file (RIGHT right) 	= gHprr file right
+gHpr{|OBJECT|} gHpro        file (OBJECT object)= gHpro file object 
 
 gHpr{|CONS of t|} gPrHtmlc prev (CONS c) // constructor names are printed, prefix Foo_ is stripped
 = case t.gcd_name.[0] of
@@ -46,60 +46,53 @@ where
 	myfold file [x:xs] = myfold (gHlist file x) xs
 	myfold file [] = file
 
-// outility print functions based on gHpr
+// utility print functions based on gHpr
 
-print :: !String -> FoF
-print a = \f -> [|a:f]
+print			:: !String -> FoF
+print a			= \f -> [|a:f]
 
-(<+) infixl :: !*HtmlStream !a -> *HtmlStream | gHpr{|*|} a
-(<+) file new = gHpr{|*|} file new
+(<+)  infixl	:: !*HtmlStream !a -> *HtmlStream | gHpr{|*|} a
+(<+)  file new	= gHpr{|*|} file new
 
-(<+>) infixl :: !*HtmlStream FoF -> *HtmlStream
-(<+>) file new = new file
+(<+>) infixl	:: !*HtmlStream !FoF -> *HtmlStream
+(<+>) file new	= new file
 
-print_to_stdout :: a *NWorld -> *NWorld | gHpr{|*|} a
+print_to_stdout :: !a !*NWorld -> *NWorld | gHpr{|*|} a
 print_to_stdout value nw=:{worldC,inout}
 # inout = inout <+ value
 = {nw & inout = inout}
 
-htmlCmnd :: !a !b -> FoF | gHpr{|*|} a & gHpr{|*|} b
-htmlCmnd hdr txt =  \file -> closeCmnd hdr (openCmnd hdr "" file <+ txt) 			
+htmlCmnd		:: !a !b -> FoF | gHpr{|*|} a & gHpr{|*|} b
+htmlCmnd		hdr txt			= \file -> closeCmnd hdr (openCmnd hdr "" file <+ txt)
 
-openCmnd :: !a !b -> FoF | gHpr{|*|} a & gHpr{|*|} b
-openCmnd  hdr attr =  \file -> [|"<":file]  <+ hdr <+ attr <+ ">"
+openCmnd		:: !a !b -> FoF | gHpr{|*|} a & gHpr{|*|} b
+openCmnd		hdr attr		= \file -> [|"<":file]  <+ hdr <+ attr <+ ">"
 
-closeCmnd :: !a -> FoF | gHpr{|*|} a
-closeCmnd hdr =  \file -> print "</" file <+ hdr <+ ">"
+closeCmnd		:: !a -> FoF | gHpr{|*|} a
+closeCmnd		hdr				= \file -> print "</" file <+ hdr <+ ">"
 
-htmlAttrCmnd 	:: !hdr !attr !body -> FoF | gHpr{|*|} hdr & gHpr{|*|} attr & gHpr{|*|} body
-htmlAttrCmnd hdr attr txt 
-= \file -> closeCmnd hdr (openCmnd hdr attr file <+ txt)
+htmlAttrCmnd	:: !hdr !attr !body -> FoF | gHpr{|*|} hdr & gHpr{|*|} attr & gHpr{|*|} body
+htmlAttrCmnd	hdr attr txt	= \file -> closeCmnd hdr (openCmnd hdr attr file <+ txt)
 
+styleCmnd		:: !a !b -> FoF | gHpr{|*|} a & gHpr{|*|} b
+styleCmnd		stylename attr	= \file -> print "." file <+ stylename <+ "{" <+ attr <+ "}"
 
-styleCmnd :: !a !b -> FoF | gHpr{|*|} a & gHpr{|*|} b
-styleCmnd stylename attr = \file -> print "." file <+ stylename <+ "{" <+ attr <+ "}"
+styleAttrCmnd	:: !a !b -> FoF | gHpr{|*|} a & gHpr{|*|} b
+styleAttrCmnd	name value		= \file -> print "" file <+ name <+ ": " <+ value <+ ";"
 
-styleAttrCmnd :: !a !b -> FoF | gHpr{|*|} a & gHpr{|*|} b
-styleAttrCmnd name value = \file -> print "" file <+ name <+ ": " <+ value <+ ";"
-
-instance FileSystem NWorld
-where
-	fopen :: !{#Char} !Int !*NWorld -> (!Bool,!*File,!*NWorld)
+instance FileSystem NWorld where
 	fopen string int nworld=:{worldC}
 		# (bool,file,worldC) = fopen string int worldC
 		= (bool,file,{nworld & worldC = worldC})
 
-	fclose :: !*File !*NWorld -> (!Bool,!*NWorld)
 	fclose file nworld=:{worldC}
 		# (bool,worldC) = fclose file worldC
 		= (bool,{nworld & worldC = worldC})
 
-	stdio :: !*NWorld -> (!*File,!*NWorld)
 	stdio nworld=:{worldC}
 		# (file,worldC) = stdio worldC
 		= (file,{nworld & worldC = worldC})
 
-	sfopen :: !{#Char} !Int !*NWorld -> (!Bool,!File,!*NWorld)
 	sfopen string int nworld=:{worldC}
 		# (bool,file,worldC) = sfopen string int worldC
 		= (bool,file,{nworld & worldC = worldC})

libraries/htmlGEC/StdHtml.dcl

@@ -12,8 +12,8 @@ import
 		,	htmlHandler			// the kernel module for iData creation and handling
 
 		,	htmlButtons			// basic collections of buttons, data types for lay-out	control	
-		,	htmlFormlib			// handy collection of advanced iData creating functions  
-		,	htmlRefFormlib		// handy collection of persistent idata maintaining sharing
+		,	htmlFormlib			// collection of advanced iData creating functions  
+		,	htmlRefFormlib		// collection of persistent idata maintaining sharing
 
 		,	htmlArrow			// arrow instantiations for iData forms
 

libraries/htmlGEC/htmlArrow.dcl

@@ -24,17 +24,15 @@ edit 			:: (FormId a)	-> GecCircuit a a 					|  iData a
 display 		:: (FormId a)	-> GecCircuit a a 					|  iData a
 store 			:: (FormId a)	-> GecCircuit (a -> a) a 			|  iData a
 	
-feedback 		:: (GecCircuit a b) (GecCircuit b a) -> (GecCircuit a b)
+feedback 		:: !(GecCircuit a b) !(GecCircuit b a) -> GecCircuit a b
 
-self 			:: (a -> a) (GecCircuit a a) -> GecCircuit a a
+self 			:: (a -> a) !(GecCircuit a a)  -> GecCircuit a a
 
-loops 			:: (GecCircuit (a, b) (c, b)) -> GecCircuit a c 	|  iData b
+loops 			:: !(GecCircuit (a, b) (c, b)) -> GecCircuit a c 	|  iData b
 
-(`bindC`)  infix 0 :: (GecCircuit a b) (b -> GecCircuit b c) -> (GecCircuit a c)
-(`bindCI`) infix 0 :: (GecCircuit a b) ((Form b) -> GecCircuit b c) -> (GecCircuit a c)
+(`bindC`)  infix 0 :: !(GecCircuit a b) (b -> GecCircuit b c) -> (GecCircuit a c)
+(`bindCI`) infix 0 :: !(GecCircuit a b) ((Form b) -> GecCircuit b c) -> (GecCircuit a c)
 
 // to lift library functions to the circuit domain
 
-lift :: !(InIDataId a) (!(InIDataId a) !*HSt -> (!Form b,!*HSt)) -> (GecCircuit a b)
-
-//lift :: !(FormId a) (!(InIDataId a) !*HSt -> (!Form b,!*HSt)) -> (GecCircuit a b)
+lift :: !(InIDataId a) (!(InIDataId a) !*HSt -> (!Form b,!*HSt)) -> GecCircuit a b

libraries/htmlGEC/htmlArrow.icl

@@ -23,17 +23,13 @@ where
 :: GecCircuitChanged :== Bool
 
 
-instance Arrow GecCircuit
-where
-	arr :: (a -> b) -> GecCircuit a b
+instance Arrow GecCircuit where
 	arr fun = HGC fun`
 	where
 		fun` ((a,body),ch,hst) = ((fun a,body),ch,hst)
 
-	(>>>) infixr 1 :: (GecCircuit a b) (GecCircuit b c) -> GecCircuit a c
 	(>>>) (HGC gec_ab) (HGC gec_bc) = HGC (gec_bc o gec_ab)
 
-	first :: (GecCircuit a b) -> GecCircuit (a, c) (b, c)
 	first (HGC gec_ab) = HGC first`
 	where
 		first` (((a,c),prevbody),ch,hst)
@@ -61,13 +57,13 @@ where
 	# (store,hst) = mkStoreForm (Init,formid) fun hst
 	= ((store.value,[(formid.id,BodyTag store.form):prevbody]),ch||store.changed,hst)
 
-self :: (a -> a) (GecCircuit a a) -> GecCircuit a a
+self :: (a -> a) !(GecCircuit a a) -> GecCircuit a a
 self fun gecaa = feedback gecaa (arr fun)
 	
-feedback :: (GecCircuit a b) (GecCircuit b a) -> (GecCircuit a b)
+feedback :: !(GecCircuit a b) !(GecCircuit b a) -> (GecCircuit a b)
 feedback (HGC gec_ab) (HGC gec_ba) = HGC (gec_ab o gec_ba o gec_ab)
 
-loops :: (GecCircuit (a, b) (c, b)) -> GecCircuit a c |  iData b
+loops :: !(GecCircuit (a, b) (c, b)) -> GecCircuit a c |  iData b
 loops (HGC gec_abcb) = HGC loopForm
 where
 	loopForm ((aval,prevbody),ch,hst) 
@@ -75,13 +71,9 @@ where
 	# (((cval,bval),bodyac),ch,hst) = gec_abcb (((aval,bstore.value),prevbody),ch,hst)
 	# (bstore,hst) = mkStoreForm (Set,xsFormId "??" createDefault) (\_ -> bval) hst
 	= ((cval,bodyac),ch,hst)	
-	
-
-//self fun gecaa = feedback gecaa (arr fun)
 
 
-
-(`bindC`) infix 0 :: (GecCircuit a b) (b -> GecCircuit b c) -> (GecCircuit a c)
+(`bindC`) infix 0 :: !(GecCircuit a b) (b -> GecCircuit b c) -> (GecCircuit a c)
 (`bindC`) (HGC gecab) bgecbc = HGC binds
 where
 	binds ((a,abody),ach,hst)
@@ -89,7 +81,7 @@ where
 	# (HGC gecbc) 			= bgecbc b
 	= gecbc ((b,bbody ++ abody),ach||bch,hst) 
 
-(`bindCI`) infix 0 :: (GecCircuit a b) ((Form b) -> GecCircuit b c) -> (GecCircuit a c)
+(`bindCI`) infix 0 :: !(GecCircuit a b) ((Form b) -> GecCircuit b c) -> (GecCircuit a c)
 (`bindCI`) (HGC gecab) bgecbc = HGC binds
 where
 	binds ((a,abody),ach,hst)
@@ -97,7 +89,7 @@ where
 	# (HGC gecbc) 			= bgecbc {changed = bch, value = b, form = map snd bbody}
 	= gecbc ((b,bbody ++ abody),ach||bch,hst) 
 
-lift :: !(InIDataId a) (!(InIDataId a) !*HSt -> (!Form b,!*HSt)) -> (GecCircuit a b)
+lift :: !(InIDataId a) (!(InIDataId a) !*HSt -> (!Form b,!*HSt)) -> GecCircuit a b
 lift (Set,formid) fun = HGC fun`
 where
 	fun` ((a,body),ch,hst)
@@ -108,12 +100,3 @@ where
 	fun` ((a,body),ch,hst)
 	# (nb,hst) =  fun (Init, setFormId formid a) hst
 	= ((nb.value,[(formid.id,BodyTag nb.form):body]),ch||nb.changed,hst) 
-/*
-
-lift :: !(FormId a) (!(InIDataId a) !*HSt -> (!Form b,!*HSt)) -> (GecCircuit a b)
-lift formid fun = HGC fun`
-where
-	fun` ((a,body),ch,hst)
-	# (nb,hst) =  fun (setID formid a) hst
-	= ((nb.value,[(formid.id,BodyTag nb.form):body]),ch||nb.changed,hst) 
-*/

libraries/htmlGEC/htmlButtons.dcl

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ definition module htmlButtons
 // (c) 2005 MJP
 
 import htmlHandler
+import GenLexOrd
 
 derive gForm 	(,), (,,), (,,,), (<->), <|>, HtmlDate, HtmlTime, DisplayMode, Button, CheckBox, RadioButton, PullDownMenu, TextInput, TextArea, HTML, PasswordBox
 derive gUpd  	(,), (,,), (,,,), (<->), <|>, HtmlDate, HtmlTime, DisplayMode, Button, CheckBox, RadioButton, PullDownMenu, TextInput, TextArea, HTML, PasswordBox
@@ -11,12 +12,16 @@ derive gPrint 	(,), (,,), (,,,), (<->), <|>, HtmlDate, HtmlTime, DisplayMode, Bu
 derive gParse 	(,), (,,), (,,,), (<->), <|>, HtmlDate, HtmlTime, DisplayMode, Button, CheckBox, RadioButton, PullDownMenu, TextInput, TextArea, HTML, PasswordBox
 derive gerda 	(,), (,,), (,,,), (<->), <|>, HtmlDate, HtmlTime, DisplayMode, Button, CheckBox, RadioButton, PullDownMenu, TextInput, TextArea, PasswordBox
 
-instance toBool   CheckBox, Button, RadioButton		// True if checkbox checked, button pressed
-instance toInt    PullDownMenu						// Current index in pull down list
-instance toString PullDownMenu						// Corresponding element in pull down list
-instance ==		  PasswordBox, HtmlDate, HtmlTime
-instance <		  HtmlDate, HtmlTime
-instance toString		  HtmlDate, HtmlTime
+instance toBool		CheckBox, Button, RadioButton	// True if checkbox checked, button pressed
+instance toInt		PullDownMenu					// Current index in pull down list
+instance toString	PullDownMenu					// Corresponding element in pull down list
+derive   gEq		HtmlDate, HtmlTime, PasswordBox
+instance ==			HtmlDate, HtmlTime, PasswordBox
+derive   gLexOrd	HtmlDate, HtmlTime
+instance <			HtmlDate, HtmlTime
+instance toString	HtmlDate, HtmlTime
+
+
 // lay out
 
 :: <-> a b		= (<->) infixl 5 a b				// place b to the left of a

libraries/htmlGEC/htmlFormData.icl

@@ -55,50 +55,50 @@ dbdDFormId	:: !String !d -> FormId d;			dbdDFormId s d = dbDFormId s d <@ Displa
 // create id's
 
 (++/) infixr 5
-(++/) s1 s2 = s1 +++ iDataIdSeparator +++ s2
+(++/) s1 s2				= s1 +++ iDataIdSeparator +++ s2
 
 extidFormId :: !(FormId d) !String -> FormId d
-extidFormId formid s = formid <@ formid.id ++/ s
+extidFormId formid s	= formid <@ formid.id ++/ s
 
-subFormId :: !(FormId a) !String !d -> FormId d	// make new formid of new type copying other old settinf
-subFormId formid s d = reuseFormId (extidFormId formid s) d
+subFormId :: !(FormId a) !String !d -> FormId d			// make new formid of new type copying other old settinf
+subFormId formid s d	= reuseFormId (extidFormId formid s) d
 
-subnFormId :: !(FormId a) !String !d -> FormId d	// make new formid of new type copying other old settinf
-subnFormId formid s d = subFormId formid s d <@ Page
+subnFormId :: !(FormId a) !String !d -> FormId d		// make new formid of new type copying other old settinf
+subnFormId formid s d	= subFormId formid s d <@ Page
 
-subsFormId :: !(FormId a) !String !d -> FormId d	// make new formid of new type copying other old settinf
-subsFormId formid s d = subFormId formid s d <@ Session
+subsFormId :: !(FormId a) !String !d -> FormId d		// make new formid of new type copying other old settinf
+subsFormId formid s d	= subFormId formid s d <@ Session
 
-subpFormId :: !(FormId a) !String !d -> FormId d	// make new formid of new type copying other old settinf
-subpFormId formid s d = subFormId formid s d <@ Persistent
+subpFormId :: !(FormId a) !String !d -> FormId d		// make new formid of new type copying other old settinf
+subpFormId formid s d	= subFormId formid s d <@ Persistent
 
-subtFormId :: !(FormId a) !String !d -> FormId d	// make new formid of new type copying other old settinf
-subtFormId formid s d = subFormId formid s d <@ Temp
+subtFormId :: !(FormId a) !String !d -> FormId d		// make new formid of new type copying other old settinf
+subtFormId formid s d	= subFormId formid s d <@ Temp
 
-setFormId :: !(FormId d) !d -> FormId d			// set new initial value in formid
-setFormId formid d = {formid & ival = d}
+setFormId :: !(FormId d) !d -> FormId d					// set new initial value in formid
+setFormId formid d		= reuseFormId formid d
 
 reuseFormId :: !(FormId d) !v -> FormId v
-reuseFormId formid v = {formid & ival = v}
+reuseFormId formid v	= {formid & ival = v}
 
 initID :: !(FormId d) -> InIDataId d	// (Init,FormId a)
-initID formid = (Init,formid)
+initID formid			= (Init,formid)
 
 setID :: !(FormId d) !d -> InIDataId d	// (Set,FormId a)
-setID formid na = (Set,setFormId formid na)
+setID formid na			= (Set,setFormId formid na)
 
 onMode :: !Mode a a a -> a
-onMode Edit 	e1 e2 e3 = e1
-onMode Display  e1 e2 e3 = e2
-onMode NoForm   e1 e2 e3 = e3
+onMode Edit    e1 e2 e3 = e1
+onMode Display e1 e2 e3 = e2
+onMode NoForm  e1 e2 e3 = e3
 
 toViewId :: !Init !d !(Maybe d) -> d
-toViewId Init d Nothing 	= d
-toViewId Init d (Just v) 	= v
-toViewId _  d _ 			= d
+toViewId Init d Nothing = d
+toViewId Init d (Just v)= v
+toViewId _  d _ 		= d
 
 toViewMap :: !(d -> v) !Init !d !(Maybe v) -> v
-toViewMap f init d mv = toViewId init (f d) mv
+toViewMap f init d mv	= toViewId init (f d) mv
 
 derive gEq Mode, Init, Lifespan
 instance == Mode        where == m1 m2 = m1 === m2

libraries/htmlGEC/htmlTrivial.dcl

@@ -6,10 +6,10 @@ derive bimap Maybe, (,)
 
 // utility 
 
-mkString 	:: [Char] -> *String
-mkList 		:: String -> [Char]
+mkString		:: [Char] -> *String
+mkList			:: String -> [Char]
 
 //	Useful string concatenation function
-(<+++) infixl :: !String !a -> String | toString a
+(<+++) infixl	:: !String !a -> String | toString a
 
-isNil :: [a] -> Bool
+(??) infixl 9	:: ![a] !a -> Int | == a

libraries/htmlGEC/htmlTrivial.icl

@@ -16,8 +16,9 @@ mkList string = [c \\ c <-: string ]
 (<+++) infixl :: !String !a -> String | toString a
 (<+++) str x = str +++ toString x
 
-isNil :: [a] -> Bool
-isNil [] = True
-isNil _ = False
-
-
+(??) infixl 9 :: ![a] !a -> Int | == a
+(??) [a:as] b
+	| a==b		= 0
+	| otherwise	= 1 + as??b
+(??) [] _
+	= -1