trans.icl

implementation module trans

import StdEnv, StdStrictLists

import syntax, transform, checksupport, compare_types, utilities, expand_types, unitype, type
import classify, partition
from StdOverloadedList import RepeatnM,TakeM,++$

SwitchCaseFusion			fuse dont_fuse :== fuse
SwitchGeneratedFusion		fuse dont_fuse :== fuse
SwitchFunctionFusion		fuse dont_fuse :== fuse
SwitchConstructorFusion		fuse fuse_generics dont_fuse :== fuse_generics
SwitchRnfConstructorFusion  rnf  linear	   :== rnf
SwitchCurriedFusion			fuse xtra dont_fuse :== fuse 
SwitchExtraCurriedFusion	fuse macro	   :== fuse//(fuse && macro)//fuse
SwitchTrivialFusion			fuse dont_fuse :== fuse
SwitchUnusedFusion			fuse dont_fuse :== fuse
SwitchTransformConstants	tran dont_tran :== tran
SwitchSpecialFusion			fuse dont_fuse :== fuse
SwitchArityChecks			check dont_check :== check
SwitchAutoFoldCaseInCase	fold dont	   :== fold
SwitchAutoFoldAppInCase		fold dont	   :== fold
SwitchAlwaysIntroduceCaseFunction yes no   :== no
SwitchNonRecFusion			fuse dont_fuse :== dont_fuse
SwitchHOFusion				fuse dont_fuse :== fuse
SwitchHOFusion`				fuse dont_fuse :== fuse
SwitchStrictPossiblyAddLet  strict lazy    :== lazy//strict

/*
(-!->) infix
(-!->) a b :== a  // ---> b
(<-!-) infix
(<-!-) a b :== a  // <--- b
*/

fromYes (Yes x) = x

is_SK_Function_or_SK_LocalMacroFunction (SK_Function _) = True
is_SK_Function_or_SK_LocalMacroFunction (SK_LocalMacroFunction _) = True
is_SK_Function_or_SK_LocalMacroFunction _ = False

undeff :== -1

empty_atype = { at_attribute = TA_Multi, at_type = TE }

get_producer_symbol (PR_Curried symbol arity)
	= (symbol,arity)
get_producer_symbol (PR_Function symbol arity _)
	= (symbol,arity)
get_producer_symbol (PR_GeneratedFunction symbol arity _)
	= (symbol,arity)
get_producer_symbol (PR_Constructor symbol arity _)
	= (symbol,arity)
get_producer_symbol (PR_CurriedFunction symbol arity _)
	= (symbol,arity)

// Extended variable info accessors...

readVarInfo :: VarInfoPtr *VarHeap -> (VarInfo, !*VarHeap)
readVarInfo var_info_ptr var_heap
	# (var_info, var_heap) = readPtr var_info_ptr var_heap
	= case var_info of
		VI_Extended _ original_var_info	-> (original_var_info, var_heap)
		_								-> (var_info, var_heap)

readExtendedVarInfo :: VarInfoPtr *VarHeap -> (ExtendedVarInfo, !*VarHeap)
readExtendedVarInfo var_info_ptr var_heap
	# (var_info, var_heap) = readPtr var_info_ptr var_heap
	= case var_info of
		VI_Extended extensions _	-> (extensions, var_heap)
		_							-> abort "Error in compiler: 'readExtendedVarInfo' failed in module trans.\n"

writeVarInfo :: VarInfoPtr VarInfo *VarHeap -> *VarHeap
writeVarInfo var_info_ptr new_var_info var_heap
	# (old_var_info, var_heap) = readPtr var_info_ptr var_heap
	= case old_var_info of
		VI_Extended extensions _	-> writePtr var_info_ptr (VI_Extended extensions new_var_info) var_heap
		_							-> writePtr var_info_ptr new_var_info var_heap

setExtendedVarInfo :: !VarInfoPtr !ExtendedVarInfo !*VarHeap -> *VarHeap
setExtendedVarInfo var_info_ptr extension var_heap
	# (old_var_info, var_heap) = readPtr var_info_ptr var_heap
	= case old_var_info of
		VI_Extended _ original_var_info	-> writePtr var_info_ptr (VI_Extended extension original_var_info) var_heap
		_								-> writePtr var_info_ptr (VI_Extended extension old_var_info) var_heap

// Extended expression info accessors...

readExprInfo :: !ExprInfoPtr !*ExpressionHeap -> (!ExprInfo,!*ExpressionHeap)
readExprInfo expr_info_ptr symbol_heap
	# (expr_info, symbol_heap) = readPtr expr_info_ptr symbol_heap
	= case expr_info of
		EI_Extended _ ei	-> (ei, symbol_heap)
		_					-> (expr_info, symbol_heap)

writeExprInfo :: !ExprInfoPtr !ExprInfo !*ExpressionHeap -> *ExpressionHeap
writeExprInfo expr_info_ptr new_expr_info symbol_heap
	# (expr_info, symbol_heap) = readPtr expr_info_ptr symbol_heap
	= case expr_info of
		EI_Extended extensions _	-> writePtr expr_info_ptr (EI_Extended extensions new_expr_info) symbol_heap
		_							-> writePtr expr_info_ptr new_expr_info symbol_heap

app_EEI_ActiveCase transformer expr_info_ptr expr_heap
	# (expr_info, expr_heap) = readPtr expr_info_ptr expr_heap
	= case expr_info of
		(EI_Extended (EEI_ActiveCase aci) original_expr_info)
			-> writePtr expr_info_ptr (EI_Extended (EEI_ActiveCase (transformer aci)) original_expr_info) expr_heap
		_	-> expr_heap

set_aci_free_vars_info_case unbound_variables case_info_ptr expr_heap
	= app_EEI_ActiveCase (\aci -> { aci & aci_free_vars=Yes unbound_variables }) case_info_ptr expr_heap

remove_aci_free_vars_info case_info_ptr expr_heap
	= app_EEI_ActiveCase (\aci->{aci & aci_free_vars = No }) case_info_ptr expr_heap

cleanup_attributes expr_info_ptr symbol_heap
	# (expr_info, symbol_heap) = readPtr expr_info_ptr symbol_heap
	= case expr_info of
		EI_Extended _ expr_info -> writePtr expr_info_ptr expr_info symbol_heap
		_ -> symbol_heap

//	TRANSFORM

::	*TransformInfo =
	{	ti_fun_defs				:: !*{# FunDef}
	,	ti_instances 			:: !*{! InstanceInfo }
	,	ti_cons_args 			:: !*{! ConsClasses}
	,	ti_new_functions 		:: ![FunctionInfoPtr]
	,	ti_fun_heap				:: !*FunctionHeap
	,	ti_var_heap				:: !*VarHeap
	,	ti_symbol_heap			:: !*ExpressionHeap
	,	ti_type_heaps			:: !*TypeHeaps
	,	ti_type_def_infos		:: !*TypeDefInfos
	,	ti_next_fun_nr			:: !Index
	,	ti_cleanup_info			:: !CleanupInfo
	,	ti_recursion_introduced	:: !Optional RI
	,	ti_error_file			:: !*File
	,	ti_predef_symbols		:: !*PredefinedSymbols
	}

:: RI = { ri_fun_index :: !Int, ri_fun_ptr :: !FunctionInfoPtr}

::	ReadOnlyTI = 
	{	ro_imported_funs	:: !{# {# FunType} }
	,	ro_common_defs		:: !{# CommonDefs }
// the following four are used when possibly generating functions for cases...
	,	ro_root_case_mode		:: !RootCaseMode
	,	ro_tfi					:: !TransformFunctionInfo
	,	ro_main_dcl_module_n 	:: !Int
	,	ro_transform_fusion		:: !Bool			// fusion switch
	,	ro_StdStrictLists_module_n :: !Int
	,	ro_StdGeneric_module_n	:: !Int
	}

::	TransformFunctionInfo =
	{	tfi_root				:: !SymbIdent		// original function
	,	tfi_case				:: !SymbIdent		// original function or possibly generated case
	,	tfi_args				:: ![FreeVar]		// args of above
	,	tfi_vars				:: ![FreeVar]		// strict variables
	,	tfi_orig				:: !SymbIdent		// original consumer
	,	tfi_n_args_before_producer :: !Int
	,	tfi_n_producer_args		:: !Int
	}

::	RootCaseMode = NotRootCase | RootCase | RootCaseOfZombie

::	CopyState = {
		cs_var_heap				:: !.VarHeap,
		cs_symbol_heap			:: !.ExpressionHeap,
		cs_opt_type_heaps		:: !.Optional .TypeHeaps,
		cs_cleanup_info			:: ![ExprInfoPtr]
	}

::	CopyInfo = { ci_handle_aci_free_vars	:: !AciFreeVarsHandleMode }

:: AciFreeVarsHandleMode = LeaveAciFreeVars | RemoveAciFreeVars | SubstituteAciFreeVars

neverMatchingCase (Yes ident)
	= FailExpr ident
neverMatchingCase _ 
	# ident = {id_name = "neverMatchingCase", id_info = nilPtr}
	= FailExpr ident

store_type_info_of_alg_pattern_in_pattern_variables ct_cons_types patterns var_heap
	= fold2St store_type_info_of_alg_pattern ct_cons_types patterns var_heap
	where
		store_type_info_of_alg_pattern var_types {ap_vars} var_heap
			= fold2St store_type_info_of_pattern_var var_types ap_vars var_heap

		store_type_info_of_pattern_var var_type {fv_info_ptr} var_heap
			= setExtendedVarInfo fv_info_ptr (EVI_VarType var_type) var_heap

class transform a :: !a !ReadOnlyTI !*TransformInfo -> (!a, !*TransformInfo)

instance transform Expression
where
	transform (App app=:{app_args}) ro ti
		# (app_args, ti) = transform app_args ro ti
		= transformApplication {app & app_args = app_args} [] ro ti
	transform appl_expr=:(expr @ exprs) ro ti
		# (expr, ti) = transform expr ro ti
		  (exprs, ti) = transform exprs ro ti
		= case expr of
			App app
				-> transformApplication app exprs ro ti
			_
				-> (expr @ exprs, ti)
	transform (Let lad=:{let_strict_binds, let_lazy_binds, let_expr}) ro ti
		# ti = store_type_info_of_bindings_in_heap lad ti
		  (let_strict_binds, ti) = transform let_strict_binds ro ti
		  (let_lazy_binds, ti) = transform let_lazy_binds ro ti
		  (let_expr, ti) = transform let_expr ro ti
		  lad = { lad & let_lazy_binds = let_lazy_binds, let_strict_binds = let_strict_binds, let_expr = let_expr}
		= (Let lad, ti)
	  where
		store_type_info_of_bindings_in_heap {let_strict_binds, let_lazy_binds,let_info_ptr} ti
			# let_binds = let_strict_binds ++ let_lazy_binds
			  (EI_LetType var_types, ti_symbol_heap) = readExprInfo let_info_ptr ti.ti_symbol_heap
			  ti_var_heap = foldSt store_type_info_let_bind (zip2 var_types let_binds) ti.ti_var_heap
			= {ti & ti_symbol_heap = ti_symbol_heap, ti_var_heap = ti_var_heap}
		store_type_info_let_bind (var_type, {lb_dst={fv_info_ptr}}) var_heap
			= setExtendedVarInfo fv_info_ptr (EVI_VarType var_type) var_heap

	transform (Case kees) ro ti
		# ti = store_type_info_of_patterns_in_heap kees ti
		= transformCase kees ro ti
	  where
		store_type_info_of_patterns_in_heap {case_guards,case_info_ptr} ti
			= case case_guards of
				AlgebraicPatterns _ patterns
					# (EI_CaseType {ct_cons_types},ti_symbol_heap) = readExprInfo case_info_ptr ti.ti_symbol_heap
					  ti_var_heap = store_type_info_of_alg_pattern_in_pattern_variables ct_cons_types patterns ti.ti_var_heap
					-> { ti & ti_symbol_heap = ti_symbol_heap, ti_var_heap = ti_var_heap }
				BasicPatterns _ _
					-> ti // no variables occur
				OverloadedListPatterns _ _ patterns
					# (EI_CaseType {ct_cons_types},ti_symbol_heap) = readExprInfo case_info_ptr ti.ti_symbol_heap
					  ti_var_heap = store_type_info_of_alg_pattern_in_pattern_variables ct_cons_types patterns ti.ti_var_heap
					-> { ti & ti_symbol_heap = ti_symbol_heap, ti_var_heap = ti_var_heap }
				NoPattern
					-> ti

	transform (Selection opt_type expr selectors) ro ti
		# (expr, ti) = transform expr ro ti
		= transformSelection opt_type selectors expr ro ti
	transform (Update expr1 selectors expr2) ro ti
		# (expr1,ti) = transform expr1 ro ti
		# (selectors,ti) = transform_expressions_in_selectors selectors ti
			with
				transform_expressions_in_selectors [selection=:RecordSelection _ _ : selections] ti
					# (selections,ti) = transform_expressions_in_selectors selections ti
					= ([selection:selections],ti)
				transform_expressions_in_selectors [ArraySelection ds ep expr : selections] ti
					# (expr,ti) = transform expr ro ti
					# (selections,ti) = transform_expressions_in_selectors selections ti
					= ([ArraySelection ds ep expr:selections],ti)
				transform_expressions_in_selectors [DictionarySelection bv dictionary_selections ep expr : selections] ti
					# (expr,ti) = transform expr ro ti
					# (dictionary_selections,ti) = transform_expressions_in_selectors dictionary_selections ti
					# (selections,ti) = transform_expressions_in_selectors selections ti
					= ([DictionarySelection bv dictionary_selections ep expr:selections],ti)
				transform_expressions_in_selectors [] ti
					= ([],ti)
		# (expr2,ti) = transform expr2 ro ti
		= (Update expr1 selectors expr2,ti)
	transform (RecordUpdate cons_symbol expr exprs) ro ti
		# (expr,ti) = transform expr ro ti
		# (exprs,ti) = transform_fields exprs ro ti
		=(RecordUpdate cons_symbol expr exprs,ti)
	where	
		transform_fields [] ro ti
			= ([],ti)
		transform_fields [bind=:{bind_src} : fields] ro ti
			# (bind_src,ti) = transform bind_src ro ti
			# (fields,ti) = transform_fields fields ro ti
			= ([{bind & bind_src=bind_src} : fields],ti)
	transform (TupleSelect a1 arg_nr expr) ro ti
		# (expr,ti) = transform expr ro ti
		= (TupleSelect a1 arg_nr expr,ti)
	transform (MatchExpr a1 expr) ro ti
		# (expr,ti) = transform expr ro ti
		= (MatchExpr a1 expr,ti)
	transform (IsConstructor expr cons_symbol cons_arity global_type_index case_ident position) ro ti
		# (expr,ti) = transform expr ro ti
		= (IsConstructor expr cons_symbol cons_arity global_type_index case_ident position, ti)
	transform (DynamicExpr dynamic_expr) ro ti
		# (dynamic_expr, ti) = transform dynamic_expr ro ti
		= (DynamicExpr dynamic_expr, ti)
	transform (DictionariesFunction dictionaries expr expr_type) ro ti
		# (expr,ti) = transform expr ro ti
		= (DictionariesFunction dictionaries expr expr_type,ti)
	transform expr ro ti
		= (expr, ti)

instance transform DynamicExpr where
	transform dyn=:{dyn_expr} ro ti
		# (dyn_expr, ti) = transform dyn_expr ro ti
		= ({dyn & dyn_expr = dyn_expr}, ti)

transformCase this_case=:{case_expr,case_guards,case_default,case_ident,case_info_ptr} ro ti
	| SwitchCaseFusion (not ro.ro_transform_fusion) True
		= skip_over this_case ro ti
	| isNilPtr case_info_ptr			// encountered neverMatchingCase?!
		= skip_over this_case ro ti
	# (case_info, ti_symbol_heap) = readPtr case_info_ptr ti.ti_symbol_heap
	  ti = { ti & ti_symbol_heap=ti_symbol_heap }
	  (result_expr, ti)	= case case_info of
							EI_Extended (EEI_ActiveCase aci) _
								| is_variable case_expr
									-> skip_over this_case ro ti
								-> case ro.ro_root_case_mode of
									NotRootCase
										-> transform_active_non_root_case this_case aci ro ti
									_
										-> transform_active_root_case aci this_case ro ti
							_
								-> skip_over this_case ro ti
	  ti = { ti & ti_symbol_heap = remove_aci_free_vars_info case_info_ptr ti.ti_symbol_heap }
	# final_expr = removeNeverMatchingSubcases result_expr ro
	= (final_expr, ti) // ---> ("transformCase",result_expr,final_expr)
where
	is_variable (Var _) = True
	is_variable _ 		= False

skip_over this_case=:{case_expr=case_expr=:BasicExpr basic_value,case_guards=case_guards=:BasicPatterns basic_type basicPatterns,case_default} ro ti
	// currently only active cases are matched at runtime (multimatch problem)
	# matching_patterns = [pattern \\ pattern=:{bp_value}<-basicPatterns | bp_value==basic_value]
	= case matching_patterns of
		[]
			-> case case_default of
				Yes default_expr
					-> transform default_expr {ro & ro_root_case_mode = NotRootCase} ti
				No
					# ro_lost_root = {ro & ro_root_case_mode = NotRootCase}
					# (new_case_expr, ti) = transform case_expr ro_lost_root ti
					-> (Case {this_case & case_expr=new_case_expr, case_guards=BasicPatterns basic_type []}, ti)
/*
					// The following does not work, because a FailExpr may only occur as else of an if in the backend */
					# never_ident = case ro.ro_root_case_mode of
										NotRootCase -> this_case.case_ident
										_ -> Yes ro.ro_tfi.tfi_case.symb_ident
					-> (neverMatchingCase never_ident, ti)
*/
		[{bp_expr}]
			| case_alt_matches_always bp_expr ro
				-> transform bp_expr {ro & ro_root_case_mode = NotRootCase} ti
		_
			# ro_lost_root = {ro & ro_root_case_mode = NotRootCase}
			  (new_case_expr, ti) = transform case_expr ro_lost_root ti
			  (new_case_guards, ti) = transform case_guards ro_lost_root ti
			  (new_case_default, ti) = transform case_default ro_lost_root ti
			-> (Case {this_case & case_expr=new_case_expr, case_guards=new_case_guards, case_default=new_case_default}, ti)
skip_over this_case=:{case_expr,case_guards,case_default} ro ti
	# ro_lost_root = { ro & ro_root_case_mode = NotRootCase }
	  (new_case_expr, ti) = transform case_expr ro_lost_root ti
	  (new_case_guards, ti) = transform case_guards ro_lost_root ti
	  (new_case_default, ti) = transform case_default ro_lost_root ti
	= (Case { this_case & case_expr=new_case_expr, case_guards=new_case_guards, case_default=new_case_default }, ti)

case_alt_matches_always (Case {case_default,case_explicit,case_guards}) ro
	| case_explicit
		= True
		= case case_default of
			Yes _
				-> True
			_
				-> case case_guards of
					AlgebraicPatterns {gi_module,gi_index} algebraic_patterns
						-> case ro.ro_common_defs.[gi_module].com_type_defs.[gi_index].td_rhs of
							AlgType constructors
								| same_length constructors algebraic_patterns
									-> algebraic_patterns_match_always algebraic_patterns ro
							RecordType _
								-> algebraic_patterns_match_always algebraic_patterns ro
							_
								-> False
					_
						-> False
case_alt_matches_always (Let {let_expr}) ro
	= case_alt_matches_always let_expr ro
case_alt_matches_always _ ro
	= True

algebraic_patterns_match_always [{ap_expr}:algebraic_patterns] ro
	= case_alt_matches_always ap_expr ro && algebraic_patterns_match_always algebraic_patterns ro
algebraic_patterns_match_always [] ro
	= True

free_vars_to_bound_vars free_vars
	= [Var {var_ident = fv_ident, var_info_ptr = fv_info_ptr, var_expr_ptr = nilPtr} \\ {fv_ident,fv_info_ptr} <- free_vars]

transform_active_root_case aci this_case=:{case_expr = Case case_in_case} ro ti
	= lift_case case_in_case this_case ro ti
where
	lift_case nested_case=:{case_guards,case_default} outer_case ro ti
		| isNilPtr nested_case.case_info_ptr	// neverMatchingCase ?!
			= skip_over outer_case ro ti
		# default_exists = case case_default of
							Yes _	-> True
							No		-> False
		  (case_guards, ti) = lift_patterns default_exists case_guards nested_case.case_info_ptr outer_case ro ti
		  (case_default, ti) = lift_default case_default outer_case ro ti
		  (EI_CaseType outer_case_type, ti_symbol_heap) = readExprInfo outer_case.case_info_ptr ti.ti_symbol_heap
		// the result type of the nested case becomes the result type of the outer case
		  ti_symbol_heap = overwrite_result_type nested_case.case_info_ptr outer_case_type.ct_result_type ti_symbol_heap
		// after this transformation the aci_free_vars information doesn't hold anymore
		  ti_symbol_heap = remove_aci_free_vars_info nested_case.case_info_ptr ti_symbol_heap
		  ti = { ti & ti_symbol_heap = ti_symbol_heap }
		= (Case {nested_case & case_guards = case_guards, case_default = case_default}, ti)
	  where
		overwrite_result_type case_info_ptr new_result_type ti_symbol_heap
			#! (EI_CaseType case_type, ti_symbol_heap)	= readExprInfo case_info_ptr ti_symbol_heap
			= writeExprInfo case_info_ptr (EI_CaseType { case_type & ct_result_type = new_result_type}) ti_symbol_heap

	lift_patterns default_exists (AlgebraicPatterns type case_guards) case_info_ptr outer_case ro ti
		# guard_exprs	= [ ap_expr \\ {ap_expr} <- case_guards ]
		  (EI_CaseType {ct_cons_types},symbol_heap) = readExprInfo case_info_ptr ti.ti_symbol_heap
		  var_heap = store_type_info_of_alg_pattern_in_pattern_variables ct_cons_types case_guards ti.ti_var_heap
		  ti = {ti & ti_symbol_heap=symbol_heap,ti_var_heap=var_heap}
		  (guard_exprs_with_case, ti) = lift_patterns_2 default_exists guard_exprs outer_case ro ti
		= (AlgebraicPatterns type [ { case_guard & ap_expr=guard_expr } \\ case_guard<-case_guards & guard_expr<-guard_exprs_with_case], ti)
	lift_patterns default_exists (BasicPatterns basic_type case_guards) case_info_ptr outer_case ro ti
		# guard_exprs	= [ bp_expr \\ {bp_expr} <- case_guards ]
		  (guard_exprs_with_case, ti) = lift_patterns_2 default_exists guard_exprs outer_case ro ti
		= (BasicPatterns basic_type [ { case_guard & bp_expr=guard_expr } \\ case_guard<-case_guards & guard_expr<-guard_exprs_with_case], ti)
	lift_patterns default_exists (OverloadedListPatterns type decons_expr case_guards) case_info_ptr outer_case ro ti
		# guard_exprs	= [ ap_expr \\ {ap_expr} <- case_guards ]
		  (EI_CaseType {ct_cons_types},symbol_heap) = readExprInfo case_info_ptr ti.ti_symbol_heap
		  var_heap = store_type_info_of_alg_pattern_in_pattern_variables ct_cons_types case_guards ti.ti_var_heap
		  ti = {ti & ti_symbol_heap=symbol_heap,ti_var_heap=var_heap}
		  (guard_exprs_with_case, ti) = lift_patterns_2 default_exists guard_exprs outer_case ro ti
		= (OverloadedListPatterns type decons_expr [ { case_guard & ap_expr=guard_expr } \\ case_guard<-case_guards & guard_expr<-guard_exprs_with_case], ti)

	lift_patterns_2 False [guard_expr] outer_case ro ti
		// if no default pattern exists, then the outer case expression does not have to be copied for the last pattern
		# (guard_expr, ti)						= possiblyFoldOuterCase True guard_expr outer_case ro ti
		= ([guard_expr], ti)
	lift_patterns_2 default_exists [guard_expr : guard_exprs] outer_case ro ti
		# (guard_expr, ti)						= possiblyFoldOuterCase False guard_expr outer_case ro ti
		  (guard_exprs, ti) = lift_patterns_2 default_exists guard_exprs outer_case ro ti
		= ([guard_expr : guard_exprs], ti)
	lift_patterns_2 _ [] _ _ ti
		= ([], ti)
		
	lift_default (Yes default_expr) outer_case ro ti
		# (default_expr, ti)					= possiblyFoldOuterCase True default_expr outer_case ro ti
		= (Yes default_expr, ti)
	lift_default No _ _ ti
		= (No, ti)

	possiblyFoldOuterCase final guard_expr outer_case ro=:{ro_tfi} ti
		| SwitchAutoFoldCaseInCase (isFoldExpression guard_expr ti.ti_fun_defs ti.ti_cons_args) False // otherwise GOTO next alternative
			| ro_tfi.tfi_n_args_before_producer < 0 || ro_tfi.tfi_n_producer_args < 0
				= possiblyFoldOuterCase` final guard_expr outer_case ro ti	//abort "possiblyFoldOuterCase: unexpected!\n"
			= case aci.aci_opt_unfolder of
				No
					-> possiblyFoldOuterCase` final guard_expr outer_case ro ti
				Yes _
					-> transformApplication (make_consumer_application ro_tfi guard_expr) [] ro ti
		= possiblyFoldOuterCase` final guard_expr outer_case ro ti
	where
		isFoldExpression (App app)	ti_fun_defs ti_cons_args = isFoldSymbol app.app_symb.symb_kind
			where
				isFoldSymbol (SK_Function {glob_module,glob_object})
					| glob_module==ro.ro_StdStrictLists_module_n
						# type_arity = ro.ro_imported_funs.[glob_module].[glob_object].ft_type.st_arity
						| type_arity==0 || (type_arity==2 && case app.app_args of [_:_] -> True; _ -> False)
							= False
							= True
					| glob_module==ro.ro_main_dcl_module_n && glob_object>=size ti_cons_args &&
						(ti_fun_defs.[glob_object].fun_info.fi_properties bitand FI_IsUnboxedListOfRecordsConsOrNil<>0) &&
							(case ti_fun_defs.[glob_object].fun_type of
								Yes type ->(type.st_arity==0 || (type.st_arity==2 && case app.app_args of [_:_] -> True; _ -> False)))
							= False						
						= True
				isFoldSymbol (SK_LocalMacroFunction _)	= True
				isFoldSymbol (SK_GeneratedFunction _ _)	= True
				isFoldSymbol _							= False
		isFoldExpression (Var _)	ti_fun_defs ti_cons_args = True
//		isFoldExpression (Case _)	ti_fun_defs ti_cons_args = True
		isFoldExpression _			ti_fun_defs ti_cons_args = False

	possiblyFoldOuterCase` final guard_expr outer_case ro ti
		| final
			# new_case = {outer_case & case_expr = guard_expr}
			= transformCase new_case ro ti // ---> ("possiblyFoldOuterCase`",Case new_case)
		# cs = {cs_var_heap = ti.ti_var_heap, cs_symbol_heap = ti.ti_symbol_heap, cs_opt_type_heaps = No, cs_cleanup_info=ti.ti_cleanup_info}
		  (outer_guards, cs=:{cs_cleanup_info})	= copyCasePatterns outer_case.case_guards No {ci_handle_aci_free_vars = LeaveAciFreeVars} cs
		  (expr_info, ti_symbol_heap)			= readPtr outer_case.case_info_ptr cs.cs_symbol_heap
		  (new_info_ptr, ti_symbol_heap)		= newPtr expr_info ti_symbol_heap
		  new_cleanup_info 						= case expr_info of
		  		EI_Extended _ _
		  			-> [new_info_ptr:cs_cleanup_info]
		  		_ 	-> cs_cleanup_info
		  ti = { ti & ti_var_heap = cs.cs_var_heap, ti_symbol_heap = ti_symbol_heap, ti_cleanup_info=new_cleanup_info }
		  new_case								= { outer_case & case_expr = guard_expr, case_guards=outer_guards, case_info_ptr=new_info_ptr }
		= transformCase new_case ro ti // ---> ("possiblyFoldOuterCase`",Case new_case)

transform_active_root_case aci this_case=:{case_expr = case_expr=:(App app=:{app_symb,app_args}),case_guards,case_default,case_explicit,case_ident} ro ti
	= case app_symb.symb_kind of
		SK_Constructor cons_index
			// currently only active cases are matched at runtime (multimatch problem)
			# aci_linearity_of_patterns = aci.aci_linearity_of_patterns
			  (may_be_match_expr, ti) = match_and_instantiate aci_linearity_of_patterns cons_index app_args case_guards case_default ro ti
			-> expr_or_never_matching_case may_be_match_expr case_ident ti
		SK_Function {glob_module,glob_object}
			| glob_module==ro.ro_StdStrictLists_module_n &&
				(let type = ro.ro_imported_funs.[glob_module].[glob_object].ft_type
				 in (type.st_arity==0 || (type.st_arity==2 && case app_args of [_:_] -> True; _ -> False)))
				# type = ro.ro_imported_funs.[glob_module].[glob_object].ft_type
				-> trans_case_of_overloaded_nil_or_cons type ti
			| glob_module==ro.ro_main_dcl_module_n && glob_object>=size ti.ti_cons_args &&
				(ti.ti_fun_defs.[glob_object].fun_info.fi_properties bitand FI_IsUnboxedListOfRecordsConsOrNil)<>0 &&
				(case ti.ti_fun_defs.[glob_object].fun_type of
					Yes type ->(type.st_arity==0 || (type.st_arity==2 && case app_args of [_:_] -> True; _ -> False)))
				# (Yes type,ti) = ti!ti_fun_defs.[glob_object].fun_type
				-> trans_case_of_overloaded_nil_or_cons type ti
		// otherwise it's a function application
		_
			# {aci_params,aci_opt_unfolder} = aci
			-> case aci_opt_unfolder of
				No
					-> skip_over this_case ro ti									// -!-> ("transform_active_root_case","No opt unfolder")
				Yes unfolder
					| not (equal app_symb.symb_kind unfolder.symb_kind)
						// in this case a third function could be fused in
						-> possiblyFoldOuterCase this_case ro ti					// -!-> ("transform_active_root_case","Diff opt unfolder",unfolder,app_symb)
					# variables = [ Var {var_ident=fv_ident, var_info_ptr=fv_info_ptr, var_expr_ptr=nilPtr}
									\\ {fv_ident, fv_info_ptr} <- ro.ro_tfi.tfi_args ]
					  (app_symb, ti)
						= case ro.ro_root_case_mode /* -!-> ("transform_active_root_case","Yes opt unfolder",unfolder) */ of
							RootCaseOfZombie
								# (recursion_introduced,ti) = ti!ti_recursion_introduced
								  (ro_fun=:{symb_kind=SK_GeneratedFunction fun_info_ptr _}) = ro.ro_tfi.tfi_case
								-> case recursion_introduced of
									No
										# (ti_next_fun_nr, ti) = ti!ti_next_fun_nr
										  ri = {ri_fun_index=ti_next_fun_nr, ri_fun_ptr=fun_info_ptr}
										  ti & ti_next_fun_nr = inc ti_next_fun_nr, ti_recursion_introduced = Yes ri,
										  	   ti_new_functions = [fun_info_ptr:ti.ti_new_functions]
										-> ({ro_fun & symb_kind=SK_GeneratedFunction fun_info_ptr ti_next_fun_nr}, ti)
//											-!-> ("Recursion","RootCaseOfZombie",ti_next_fun_nr,recursion_introduced)
									Yes {ri_fun_index,ri_fun_ptr}
										| ri_fun_ptr==fun_info_ptr
											-> ({ro_fun & symb_kind=SK_GeneratedFunction fun_info_ptr ri_fun_index},ti)
							RootCase
								-> (ro.ro_tfi.tfi_root,{ti & ti_recursion_introduced = No})
//									-!-> ("Recursion","RootCase",ro.ro_tfi.tfi_root)
					  app_args1 = replace_arg [ fv_info_ptr \\ {fv_info_ptr}<-aci_params ] app_args variables
					  (app_args2, ti) = transform app_args1 { ro & ro_root_case_mode = NotRootCase } ti
					-> (App {app_symb=app_symb, app_args=app_args2, app_info_ptr=nilPtr}, ti)
where
	possiblyFoldOuterCase this_case ro=:{ro_tfi} ti
		| SwitchAutoFoldAppInCase True False
			| ro_tfi.tfi_n_args_before_producer < 0 || ro_tfi.tfi_n_producer_args < 0
				= skip_over this_case ro ti	//abort "possiblyFoldOuterCase: unexpected!\n"
			= transformApplication (make_consumer_application ro_tfi case_expr) [] ro ti
		= skip_over this_case ro ti

	equal (SK_Function glob_index1) (SK_Function glob_index2)
		= glob_index1==glob_index2
	equal (SK_LocalMacroFunction glob_index1) (SK_LocalMacroFunction glob_index2)
		= glob_index1==glob_index2
	equal (SK_GeneratedFunction _ index1) (SK_GeneratedFunction _ index2)
		= index1==index2
	equal _ _
		= False

	replace_arg [] _ f
		= f
	replace_arg producer_vars=:[fv_info_ptr:_] act_pars form_pars=:[h_form_pars=:(Var {var_info_ptr}):t_form_pars]
		| fv_info_ptr<>var_info_ptr
			= [h_form_pars:replace_arg producer_vars act_pars t_form_pars]
		= replacement producer_vars act_pars form_pars
	  where
		replacement producer_vars [] form_pars
			= form_pars
		replacement producer_vars _ []
			= []
		replacement producer_vars [h_act_pars:t_act_pars] [form_par=:(Var {var_info_ptr}):form_pars]
			| isMember var_info_ptr producer_vars
				= [h_act_pars:replacement producer_vars t_act_pars form_pars]
			= replacement producer_vars t_act_pars form_pars

	match_and_instantiate linearities cons_index app_args (AlgebraicPatterns _ algebraicPatterns) case_default ro ti
		= match_and_instantiate_algebraic_type linearities cons_index app_args algebraicPatterns case_default ro ti
		where
			match_and_instantiate_algebraic_type [!linearity:linearities!] cons_index app_args
												 [{ap_symbol={glob_module,glob_object={ds_index}}, ap_vars, ap_expr} : guards] case_default ro ti
				| cons_index.glob_module == glob_module && cons_index.glob_object == ds_index
					# {cons_type} = ro.ro_common_defs.[glob_module].com_cons_defs.[ds_index]
					= instantiate linearity app_args ap_vars ap_expr cons_type.st_args_strictness cons_type.st_args ti
				= match_and_instantiate_algebraic_type linearities cons_index app_args guards case_default ro ti
			match_and_instantiate_algebraic_type _ cons_index app_args [] case_default ro ti
				= transform case_default { ro & ro_root_case_mode = NotRootCase } ti
	match_and_instantiate linearities cons_index app_args (OverloadedListPatterns (OverloadedList _ _ _ _) _ algebraicPatterns) case_default ro ti
		= match_and_instantiate_overloaded_list linearities cons_index app_args algebraicPatterns case_default ro ti
		where
			match_and_instantiate_overloaded_list [!linearity:linearities!] cons_index=:{glob_module=cons_glob_module,glob_object=cons_ds_index} app_args 
									[{ap_symbol={glob_module,glob_object={ds_index}}, ap_vars, ap_expr} : guards] 
									case_default ro ti
				| equal_list_contructor glob_module ds_index cons_glob_module cons_ds_index
					# {cons_type} = ro.ro_common_defs.[cons_glob_module].com_cons_defs.[cons_ds_index]
					= instantiate linearity app_args ap_vars ap_expr cons_type.st_args_strictness cons_type.st_args ti
					= match_and_instantiate_overloaded_list linearities cons_index app_args guards case_default ro ti
					where
						equal_list_contructor glob_module ds_index cons_glob_module cons_ds_index
							| glob_module==cPredefinedModuleIndex && cons_glob_module==cPredefinedModuleIndex
								# index=ds_index+FirstConstructorPredefinedSymbolIndex
								# cons_index=cons_ds_index+FirstConstructorPredefinedSymbolIndex
								| index==PD_OverloadedConsSymbol
									= cons_index==PD_ConsSymbol || cons_index==PD_StrictConsSymbol || cons_index==PD_TailStrictConsSymbol || cons_index==PD_StrictTailStrictConsSymbol
								| index==PD_OverloadedNilSymbol
									= cons_index==PD_NilSymbol || cons_index==PD_StrictNilSymbol || cons_index==PD_TailStrictNilSymbol || cons_index==PD_StrictTailStrictNilSymbol
									= abort "equal_list_contructor"
			match_and_instantiate_overloaded_list _ cons_index app_args [] case_default ro ti
				= transform case_default { ro & ro_root_case_mode = NotRootCase } ti

	trans_case_of_overloaded_nil_or_cons type ti
		| type.st_arity==0
			# (may_be_match_expr, ti) = match_and_instantiate_overloaded_nil case_guards case_default ro ti
			= expr_or_never_matching_case may_be_match_expr case_ident ti
			# aci_linearity_of_patterns = aci.aci_linearity_of_patterns
			  (may_be_match_expr, ti) = match_and_instantiate_overloaded_cons type aci_linearity_of_patterns app_args case_guards case_default ro ti
			= expr_or_never_matching_case may_be_match_expr case_ident ti
	where
		match_and_instantiate_overloaded_nil (OverloadedListPatterns _ _ algebraicPatterns) case_default ro ti
			= match_and_instantiate_nil algebraicPatterns case_default ro ti
		match_and_instantiate_overloaded_nil (AlgebraicPatterns _ algebraicPatterns) case_default ro ti
			= match_and_instantiate_nil algebraicPatterns case_default ro ti
	
		match_and_instantiate_nil [{ap_symbol={glob_module,glob_object={ds_index}},ap_expr} : guards] case_default ro ti
			| glob_module==cPredefinedModuleIndex
				# index=ds_index+FirstConstructorPredefinedSymbolIndex
				| index==PD_NilSymbol || index==PD_StrictNilSymbol || index==PD_TailStrictNilSymbol || index==PD_StrictTailStrictNilSymbol ||
				  index==PD_OverloadedNilSymbol || index==PD_UnboxedNilSymbol || index==PD_UnboxedTailStrictNilSymbol
					= instantiate [] [] [] ap_expr NotStrict [] ti
					= match_and_instantiate_nil guards case_default ro ti
		match_and_instantiate_nil [] case_default ro ti
			= transform case_default { ro & ro_root_case_mode = NotRootCase } ti
	
		match_and_instantiate_overloaded_cons cons_function_type linearities app_args (AlgebraicPatterns _ algebraicPatterns) case_default ro ti
			= match_and_instantiate_overloaded_cons_boxed_match linearities app_args algebraicPatterns case_default ro ti
			where
				match_and_instantiate_overloaded_cons_boxed_match [!linearity:linearities!] app_args
										[{ap_symbol={glob_module,glob_object={ds_index}}, ap_vars, ap_expr} : guards] 
										case_default ro ti
					| glob_module==cPredefinedModuleIndex
						# index=ds_index+FirstConstructorPredefinedSymbolIndex
						| index==PD_ConsSymbol || index==PD_StrictConsSymbol || index==PD_TailStrictConsSymbol || index==PD_StrictTailStrictConsSymbol
							# {cons_type} = ro.ro_common_defs.[glob_module].com_cons_defs.[ds_index]
							= instantiate linearity app_args ap_vars ap_expr cons_type.st_args_strictness cons_type.st_args ti
		//				| index==PD_NilSymbol || index==PD_StrictNilSymbol || index==PD_TailStrictNilSymbol || index==PD_StrictTailStrictNilSymbol
							= match_and_instantiate_overloaded_cons_boxed_match linearities app_args guards case_default ro ti
		//					= abort "match_and_instantiate_overloaded_cons_boxed_match"
				match_and_instantiate_overloaded_cons_boxed_match _ app_args [] case_default ro ti
					= transform case_default { ro & ro_root_case_mode = NotRootCase } ti
		match_and_instantiate_overloaded_cons cons_function_type linearities app_args (OverloadedListPatterns _ _ algebraicPatterns) case_default ro ti
			= match_and_instantiate_overloaded_cons_overloaded_match linearities app_args algebraicPatterns case_default ro ti
			where
				match_and_instantiate_overloaded_cons_overloaded_match [!linearity:linearities!] app_args
										[{ap_symbol={glob_module,glob_object={ds_index}}, ap_vars, ap_expr} : guards] 
										case_default ro ti
					| glob_module==cPredefinedModuleIndex
						# index=ds_index+FirstConstructorPredefinedSymbolIndex
						| index==PD_UnboxedConsSymbol || index==PD_UnboxedTailStrictConsSymbol || index==PD_OverloadedConsSymbol
							= instantiate linearity app_args ap_vars ap_expr cons_function_type.st_args_strictness cons_function_type.st_args ti
		//				| index==PD_UnboxedNilSymbol || index==PD_UnboxedTailStrictNilSymbol || index==PD_OverloadedNilSymbol
							= match_and_instantiate_overloaded_cons_overloaded_match linearities app_args guards case_default ro ti
		//					= abort "match_and_instantiate_overloaded_cons_overloaded_match"
				match_and_instantiate_overloaded_cons_overloaded_match _ app_args [] case_default ro ti
					= transform case_default { ro & ro_root_case_mode = NotRootCase } ti
	
		/*
		match_and_instantiate_overloaded_cons linearities app_args (OverloadedListPatterns _ (App {app_args=[],app_symb={symb_kind=SK_Function {glob_module=decons_module,glob_object=deconsindex}}}) algebraicPatterns) case_default ro ti
			= match_and_instantiate_overloaded_cons_overloaded_match linearities app_args algebraicPatterns case_default ro ti
			where
				match_and_instantiate_overloaded_cons_overloaded_match [linearity:linearities] app_args 
										[{ap_symbol={glob_module,glob_object={ds_index}}, ap_vars, ap_expr} : guards] 
										case_default ro ti
					| glob_module==cPredefinedModuleIndex
						# index=ds_index+FirstConstructorPredefinedSymbolIndex
						| index==PD_UnboxedConsSymbol || index==PD_UnboxedTailStrictConsSymbol || index==PD_OverloadedConsSymbol
							# (argument_types,strictness) = case ro.ro_imported_funs.[decons_module].[deconsindex].ft_type.st_result.at_type of
													TA _ args=:[arg1,arg2] -> (args,NotStrict)
													TAS _ args=:[arg1,arg2] strictness -> (args,strictness)
							= instantiate linearity app_args ap_vars ap_expr strictness argument_types ti
						| index==PD_UnboxedNilSymbol || index==PD_UnboxedTailStrictNilSymbol || index==PD_OverloadedNilSymbol
							= match_and_instantiate_overloaded_cons_overloaded_match linearities app_args guards case_default ro ti
							= abort "match_and_instantiate_overloaded_cons_overloaded_match"
				match_and_instantiate_overloaded_cons_overloaded_match [linearity:linearities] app_args [guard : guards] case_default ro ti
					= match_and_instantiate_overloaded_cons_overloaded_match linearities app_args guards case_default ro ti
				match_and_instantiate_overloaded_cons_overloaded_match _ app_args [] case_default ro ti
					= transform case_default { ro & ro_root_case_mode = NotRootCase } ti
		*/

	instantiate linearity app_args ap_vars ap_expr cons_type_args_strictness cons_type_args ti
		# zipped_ap_vars_and_args = zip2 ap_vars app_args
		  (body_strictness,ti_fun_defs,ti_fun_heap) = body_strict ap_expr ap_vars ro ti.ti_fun_defs ti.ti_fun_heap
		  ti = {ti & ti_fun_defs = ti_fun_defs, ti_fun_heap = ti_fun_heap}
		  unfoldables = [ (arg_is_strict i body_strictness || ((not (arg_is_strict i cons_type_args_strictness))) && linear) || in_normal_form app_arg
		  				 \\ linear <|- linearity & app_arg <- app_args & i <- [0..]]
		  unfoldable_args = filterWith unfoldables zipped_ap_vars_and_args
		  not_unfoldable = map not unfoldables
		  ti_var_heap = foldSt (\({fv_info_ptr}, arg) -> writeVarInfo fv_info_ptr (VI_Expression arg)) unfoldable_args ti.ti_var_heap
		  (new_expr, ti_symbol_heap) = possibly_add_let zipped_ap_vars_and_args ap_expr not_unfoldable cons_type_args ro ti.ti_symbol_heap cons_type_args_strictness
		  copy_state = { cs_var_heap = ti_var_heap, cs_symbol_heap = ti_symbol_heap, cs_opt_type_heaps = No,cs_cleanup_info=ti.ti_cleanup_info }
		  (unfolded_expr, copy_state) = copy new_expr {ci_handle_aci_free_vars = LeaveAciFreeVars} copy_state
		  ti_var_heap = foldSt (\({fv_info_ptr}, arg) -> writeVarInfo fv_info_ptr VI_Empty) unfoldable_args copy_state.cs_var_heap
		  ti & ti_var_heap = ti_var_heap,ti_symbol_heap = copy_state.cs_symbol_heap,ti_cleanup_info=copy_state.cs_cleanup_info
		  (final_expr, ti) = transform unfolded_expr { ro & ro_root_case_mode = NotRootCase } ti
//		| False ---> ("instantiate",app_args,ap_vars,ap_expr,final_expr,unfoldables) = undef
		= (Yes final_expr, ti)
	where
		body_strict (Var v) ap_vars ro fun_defs fun_heap
			# lazy_args = insert_n_lazy_values_at_beginning (length app_args) NotStrict
			# is = [i \\ i <- [0..] & var <- ap_vars | v.var_info_ptr == var.fv_info_ptr]
			= case is of
				[]		-> (lazy_args,fun_defs,fun_heap)
				[i:_]	-> (add_strictness i lazy_args,fun_defs,fun_heap)
		body_strict (App app) ap_vars ro fun_defs fun_heap
			# (is,fun_defs,fun_heap) = app_indices app ro fun_defs fun_heap
			# lazy_args = insert_n_lazy_values_at_beginning (length app_args) NotStrict
			= (seq (map add_strictness is) lazy_args, fun_defs,fun_heap)
		body_strict _ _ ro fun_defs fun_heap
			# lazy_args = insert_n_lazy_values_at_beginning (length app_args) NotStrict
			= (lazy_args,fun_defs,fun_heap)
		
		app_indices {app_symb,app_args} ro fun_defs fun_heap
			# ({st_args_strictness,st_arity},fun_defs,fun_heap)	= get_producer_type app_symb ro fun_defs fun_heap
			| length app_args == st_arity
				= find_indices st_args_strictness 0 app_args ro fun_defs fun_heap
				= ([],fun_defs,fun_heap)
		where
			find_indices st_args_strictness i [] ro fun_defs fun_heap
				= ([],fun_defs,fun_heap)
			find_indices st_args_strictness i [e:es] ro fun_defs fun_heap
				# (is,fun_defs,fun_heap)	= find_index st_args_strictness i e ro fun_defs fun_heap
				# (iss,fun_defs,fun_heap)	= find_indices st_args_strictness (i+1) es ro fun_defs fun_heap
				= (is++iss,fun_defs,fun_heap)

			find_index st_args_strictness i e ro fun_defs fun_heap
				| arg_is_strict i st_args_strictness
					= case e of
						Var v	-> ([i \\ i <- [0..] & var <- ap_vars | v.var_info_ptr == var.fv_info_ptr],fun_defs,fun_heap)
						App	a	-> app_indices a ro fun_defs fun_heap
						_		-> ([],fun_defs,fun_heap)
				= ([],fun_defs,fun_heap)
		
	expr_or_never_matching_case (Yes match_expr) case_ident ti
		= (match_expr, ti)
	expr_or_never_matching_case No case_ident ti
		= (neverMatchingCase never_ident, ti) // <-!- ("transform_active_root_case:App:neverMatchingCase",never_ident)
		where
			never_ident = case ro.ro_root_case_mode of
							NotRootCase -> case_ident
							_ -> Yes ro.ro_tfi.tfi_case.symb_ident

transform_active_root_case aci this_case=:{case_expr=case_expr=:BasicExpr basic_value,case_guards=case_guards=:BasicPatterns _ basicPatterns,case_default} ro ti
	// currently only active cases are matched at runtime (multimatch problem)
	# matching_patterns = [pattern \\ pattern=:{bp_value}<-basicPatterns | bp_value==basic_value]
	= case matching_patterns of
		[]
			-> case case_default of
				Yes default_expr
					-> transform default_expr { ro & ro_root_case_mode = NotRootCase } ti
				No
					-> (neverMatchingCase never_ident, ti)
					with
						never_ident = case ro.ro_root_case_mode of
							NotRootCase -> this_case.case_ident
							_ -> Yes ro.ro_tfi.tfi_case.symb_ident
		[{bp_expr}:_]
			-> transform bp_expr {ro & ro_root_case_mode = NotRootCase} ti

transform_active_root_case aci this_case=:{case_expr = (Let lad)} ro ti
	# ro_not_root = { ro & ro_root_case_mode = NotRootCase }
	  (new_let_strict_binds, ti) = transform lad.let_strict_binds ro_not_root ti
	  (new_let_lazy_binds, ti) = transform lad.let_lazy_binds ro_not_root ti
	  (new_let_expr, ti) = transform (Case { this_case & case_expr = lad.let_expr }) ro ti
	= (Let { lad & let_expr = new_let_expr, let_strict_binds = new_let_strict_binds, let_lazy_binds = new_let_lazy_binds }, ti)

transform_active_root_case aci this_case ro ti
	= skip_over this_case ro ti

make_consumer_application {tfi_orig,tfi_args,tfi_n_args_before_producer=bef,tfi_n_producer_args=act} arg_expr
	# args = free_vars_to_bound_vars (take bef tfi_args) ++ [arg_expr : free_vars_to_bound_vars (drop (bef+act) tfi_args)]
	= {app_symb = tfi_orig, app_args = args, app_info_ptr = nilPtr}

in_normal_form (Var _)			= True
in_normal_form (BasicExpr _)	= True
in_normal_form _				= False

filterWith [True:t2] [h1:t1]
	= [h1:filterWith t2 t1]
filterWith [False:t2] [h1:t1]
	= filterWith t2 t1
filterWith _ _
	= []

possibly_add_let [] ap_expr _ _ _ ti_symbol_heap cons_type_args_strictness
	= (ap_expr, ti_symbol_heap)
possibly_add_let zipped_ap_vars_and_args ap_expr not_unfoldable cons_type_args ro ti_symbol_heap cons_type_args_strictness
	# let_type = filterWith not_unfoldable cons_type_args
	  (new_info_ptr, ti_symbol_heap) = newPtr (EI_LetType let_type) ti_symbol_heap
	= SwitchStrictPossiblyAddLet
		(let
			strict_binds	= [ {lb_src=lb_src, lb_dst=lb_dst, lb_position = NoPos}
									\\ (lb_dst,lb_src)<-zipped_ap_vars_and_args
									& n <- not_unfoldable
									& i <- [0..]
									| n && arg_is_strict i cons_type_args_strictness
									]
			lazy_binds		= [ {lb_src=lb_src, lb_dst=lb_dst, lb_position = NoPos}
									\\ (lb_dst,lb_src)<-zipped_ap_vars_and_args
									& n <- not_unfoldable
									& i <- [0..]
									| n && not (arg_is_strict i cons_type_args_strictness)
									]
		 in
		 	case (strict_binds,lazy_binds) of
		 		([],[])
		 			->	ap_expr
		 		_
		 			->	Let
						{	let_strict_binds	= strict_binds
						,	let_lazy_binds		= lazy_binds
						,	let_expr			= ap_expr
						,	let_info_ptr		= new_info_ptr
						,	let_expr_position	= NoPos
						}
	  , ti_symbol_heap
	  ) 
	  (let
			lazy_binds		= [ {lb_src=lb_src, lb_dst=lb_dst, lb_position = NoPos}
									\\ (lb_dst,lb_src)<-zipped_ap_vars_and_args
									& n <- not_unfoldable
									| n
									]
	   in
			case lazy_binds of
				[]
					-> ap_expr
				_
					-> Let
		  			 	{	let_strict_binds	= []
						,	let_lazy_binds		= lazy_binds
						,	let_expr			= ap_expr
						,	let_info_ptr		= new_info_ptr
						,	let_expr_position	= NoPos
						}
	  , ti_symbol_heap
	  )

free_variables_of_expression expr ti
	# ti_var_heap = clearVariables expr ti.ti_var_heap
	  fvi = {fvi_var_heap = ti_var_heap, fvi_expr_heap = ti.ti_symbol_heap, fvi_variables = [], fvi_expr_ptrs = ti.ti_cleanup_info}
	  {fvi_var_heap, fvi_expr_heap, fvi_variables, fvi_expr_ptrs} = freeVariables expr fvi
	  ti = {ti & ti_var_heap = fvi_var_heap, ti_symbol_heap = fvi_expr_heap, ti_cleanup_info = fvi_expr_ptrs}
	 = (fvi_variables,ti)

transform_active_non_root_case :: !Case !ActiveCaseInfo !ReadOnlyTI !*TransformInfo -> *(!Expression, !*TransformInfo)
transform_active_non_root_case kees=:{case_info_ptr,case_expr = App {app_symb}} aci=:{aci_free_vars} ro ti=:{ti_recursion_introduced=old_ti_recursion_introduced}
	| not aci.aci_safe
		= skip_over kees ro ti
	| is_safe_producer app_symb.symb_kind ro ti.ti_fun_heap ti.ti_cons_args
		// determine free variables	
		# (free_vars,ti) = free_variables_of_expression (Case {kees & case_expr=EE}) ti	
		// search function definition and consumer arguments
		  (outer_fun_def, outer_cons_args, ti_cons_args, ti_fun_defs, ti_fun_heap)
				= get_fun_def_and_cons_args ro.ro_tfi.tfi_root.symb_kind ti.ti_cons_args ti.ti_fun_defs ti.ti_fun_heap
		  outer_arguments
		  		= case outer_fun_def.fun_body of
								TransformedBody {tb_args} 	-> tb_args
								Expanding args				-> args
		  outer_info_ptrs = [ fv_info_ptr \\ {fv_info_ptr}<-outer_arguments]
		  free_var_info_ptrs = [ var_info_ptr \\ {var_info_ptr}<-free_vars ]
		  used_mask = [isMember fv_info_ptr free_var_info_ptrs \\ {fv_info_ptr}<-outer_arguments]
		  arguments_from_outer_fun = [ outer_argument \\ outer_argument<-outer_arguments & used<-used_mask | used ]
		  lifted_arguments
		  		= [ { fv_def_level = undeff, fv_ident = var_ident, fv_info_ptr = var_info_ptr, fv_count = undeff}
								\\ {var_ident, var_info_ptr} <- free_vars | not (isMember var_info_ptr outer_info_ptrs)]
		  all_args = lifted_arguments++arguments_from_outer_fun
		| SwitchArityChecks (1+length all_args > 32) False
			# ti = { ti & ti_cons_args = ti_cons_args, ti_fun_defs = ti_fun_defs, ti_fun_heap = ti_fun_heap, ti_recursion_introduced = No }
			| ro.ro_transform_fusion
				# ti = { ti & ti_error_file = ti.ti_error_file <<< "Possibly missed fusion oppurtunity: Case Arity > 32 " <<< ro.ro_tfi.tfi_root.symb_ident.id_name <<< "\n"}
				= skip_over kees ro ti
			= skip_over kees ro ti
		# (fun_info_ptr, ti_fun_heap) = newPtr FI_Empty ti_fun_heap
		  fun_ident = { id_name = ro.ro_tfi.tfi_root.symb_ident.id_name+++"_case", id_info = nilPtr }
		  fun_symb = { symb_ident = fun_ident, symb_kind=SK_GeneratedFunction fun_info_ptr undeff }
		# ti = { ti & ti_cons_args = ti_cons_args, ti_fun_defs = ti_fun_defs, ti_fun_heap = ti_fun_heap }
//				---> ("lifted arguments",[fv_ident\\{fv_ident}<-lifted_arguments],outer_arguments,
//					'\n',kees.case_expr,kees.case_guards,kees.case_default)
	  	# fun_index = ti.ti_next_fun_nr
	  	# ti = { ti & ti_next_fun_nr = fun_index + 1 }
		// JvG: why are dictionaries not the first arguments ?
		# new_ro = { ro & ro_root_case_mode = RootCaseOfZombie, ro_tfi.tfi_case = fun_symb, ro_tfi.tfi_args = all_args }
		= generate_case_function_with_pattern_argument fun_index case_info_ptr (Case kees) outer_fun_def outer_cons_args used_mask fun_symb all_args ti

transform_active_non_root_case kees=:{case_info_ptr} aci=:{aci_free_vars} ro ti=:{ti_recursion_introduced=old_ti_recursion_introduced}
	| not aci.aci_safe
		= skip_over kees ro ti
	// determine free variables
	# (free_vars,ti) = free_variables_of_expression (Case kees) ti	
	// search function definition and consumer arguments
	  (outer_fun_def, outer_cons_args, ti_cons_args, ti_fun_defs, ti_fun_heap)
			= get_fun_def_and_cons_args ro.ro_tfi.tfi_root.symb_kind ti.ti_cons_args ti.ti_fun_defs ti.ti_fun_heap
	  outer_arguments
	  		= case outer_fun_def.fun_body of
							TransformedBody {tb_args} 	-> tb_args
							Expanding args				-> args
	  outer_info_ptrs = [ fv_info_ptr \\ {fv_info_ptr}<-outer_arguments]
	  free_var_info_ptrs = [ var_info_ptr \\ {var_info_ptr}<-free_vars ]
	  used_mask = [isMember fv_info_ptr free_var_info_ptrs \\ {fv_info_ptr}<-outer_arguments]
	  arguments_from_outer_fun = [ outer_argument \\ outer_argument<-outer_arguments & used<-used_mask | used ]
	  lifted_arguments
	  		= [ { fv_def_level = undeff, fv_ident = var_ident, fv_info_ptr = var_info_ptr, fv_count = undeff}
							\\ {var_ident, var_info_ptr} <- free_vars | not (isMember var_info_ptr outer_info_ptrs)]
	  all_args = lifted_arguments++arguments_from_outer_fun
	| SwitchArityChecks (length all_args > 32) False
		# ti = { ti & ti_cons_args = ti_cons_args, ti_fun_defs = ti_fun_defs, ti_fun_heap = ti_fun_heap, ti_recursion_introduced = No }
		| ro.ro_transform_fusion
			#  ti	= { ti & ti_error_file = ti.ti_error_file <<< "Possibly missed fusion oppurtunity: Case Arity > 32 " <<< ro.ro_tfi.tfi_root.symb_ident.id_name <<< "\n"}
			= skip_over kees ro ti
		= skip_over kees ro ti
	# (fun_info_ptr, ti_fun_heap) = newPtr FI_Empty ti_fun_heap
	  fun_ident = { id_name = ro.ro_tfi.tfi_root.symb_ident.id_name+++"_case", id_info = nilPtr }
	  fun_symb = { symb_ident = fun_ident, symb_kind=SK_GeneratedFunction fun_info_ptr undeff }
//					<-!- ("<<<transformCaseFunction",fun_symb)