diff --git a/.bundle/config b/.bundle/config
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2369228816d4670ce70d83e414bf1a7b8f30a9de
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.bundle/config
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+---
+BUNDLE_PATH: "vendor/bundle"
diff --git a/_includes/block-faq-1.html b/_includes/block-faq-1.html
index 691fdad5da090d604db099a3037f8e82e73c24a5..7dc796e44c508b3b94a380502656e5bd0a0ec70e 100644
--- a/_includes/block-faq-1.html
+++ b/_includes/block-faq-1.html
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 <section class="block block-faq-1">
   <div class="container">
+  <div class="destination" id="{{ section.id }}"></div>
     <div class="columns">
       <div class="column">
         <h2><span class="light center">{{ section.headline }}</span></h2>
diff --git a/_includes/block-footer-2.html b/_includes/block-footer-2.html
deleted file mode 100644
index c8233417fa58f4cb086b7140f7ff0b4b53d0fd7a..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
--- a/_includes/block-footer-2.html
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
-<section class="block block-footer-2">
-  <div class="container">
-    <div class="columns">
-      <div class="column">
-        <img src="{{ section.image }}" width="24" height="auto" alt="Logo">
-      </div>
-      <div class="column">
-        {{ section.col_2 }}
-      </div>
-      <div class="column">
-          {{ section.col_3 }}
-      </div>
-      <div class="column">
-          {{ section.col_4 }}
-      </div>
-    </div>
-  </div>
-</section>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/_includes/block-header-1.html b/_includes/block-header-1.html
index 4872b66ffd433f9dec9b5d8f94ed47a469d60312..6c5b68827642fd5c86dbb4c5c96122dcc5d9f519 100644
--- a/_includes/block-header-1.html
+++ b/_includes/block-header-1.html
@@ -5,11 +5,11 @@
       <img src="{{ section.logo | relative_url }}" alt="{{ site.title }}">
     </a>
   </div>
-
   <nav class="block-header-1--nav" id="myTopnav">
     <ul>
       {% for nav_item in section.navigation %}
-      <li class="nav-item {% if page.url == nav_item.link %}active{% endif %}"><a href="{{ nav_item.link }}">{{ nav_item.link_text }}</a></li>
+      <li class="nav-item {% if page.url == nav_item.link %}active{% endif %}"><a
+          href="{{ nav_item.link }}">{{ nav_item.link_text }}</a></li>
       {% endfor %}
     </ul>
   </nav>
diff --git a/_includes/block-hero-2.html b/_includes/block-hero-2.html
index a8073a377be7ebb46524da17e76db14963fdf037..f7589182323b970a0b1c1e04afe28c52ee2c6e12 100644
--- a/_includes/block-hero-2.html
+++ b/_includes/block-hero-2.html
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 {% if section.background_image %}
 style="background-image: url('{{ section.background_image | relative_url }}')"
 {% endif %}>
+  <div class="headspace"></div> 
   <div class="container">
     <div class="columns">
       <div class="column text">
diff --git a/_includes/block-irma-1.html b/_includes/block-irma-1.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c28fff6f39599f3e9660e06ea6a92003b400eac9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/_includes/block-irma-1.html
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+<section class="block block-hero-1">
+  <div class="container">
+  	<div class="destination" id="{{ section.id }}"></div>
+    <h1><span class="black light">{{ section.heading }}</span></h1>
+  </div>
+</section>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/_includes/block-irma-2.html b/_includes/block-irma-2.html
index f6170abc20554da5036f0c6651055fba09a04f22..b303267097c18aa56678d895a728d182ef381171 100644
--- a/_includes/block-irma-2.html
+++ b/_includes/block-irma-2.html
@@ -8,10 +8,10 @@ style="background-image: url('{{ section.background_image | relative_url }}')"
         <h1><span class="light">{{ section.headline }}</span></h1>
         <p>{{ section.content }}</p>
         {% if section.ctaiOS and section.ctaiOS.enabled == true %}
-        <button class="button primary inverted" href="{{ section.ctaiOS.url }}">{{ section.ctaiOS.button_text }}</button>
+        <button class="button primary inverted" onclick="location.href='{{ section.ctaiOS.url }}'" type="button">{{ section.ctaiOS.button_text }}</button>
         {% endif %}
         {% if section.ctaAndroid and section.ctaAndroid.enabled == true %}
-        <button class="button primary inverted" href="{{ section.ctaAndroid.url }}">{{ section.ctaAndroid.button_text }}</button>
+        <button class="button primary inverted" onclick="location.href='{{ section.ctaAndroid.url }}'" type="button">{{ section.ctaAndroid.button_text }}</button>
         {% endif %}
       </div>
       <div class="column media">
diff --git a/_includes/block-irma-footer-2.html b/_includes/block-irma-footer-2.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2e59b3248a375d96fc820c43d9f98cc2ef29b226
--- /dev/null
+++ b/_includes/block-irma-footer-2.html
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+<section class="block block-footer-2">
+  <div class="container">
+    <div class="destination" id="{{ section.id }}"></div>
+    <div class="columns">
+      <div class="column">
+        <img src="{{ section.image_1.image | relative_url }}" alt="{{ section.image_1.caption }}">
+      </div>
+      <div class="column">
+        <h3>{{ section.col_2.headline }}</h3>
+        <br>
+        <p>{{ section.col_2.content }}</p>
+      </div>
+      <div class="column">
+        <h3>{{ section.col_3.headline }}</h3>
+        <br>
+        <p>{{ section.col_3.content }}</p>
+      </div>
+      <div class="column">
+        <h3>{{ section.col_4.headline }}</h3>
+        <br>
+        <p>{{ section.col_4.content }}</p>
+      </div>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+</section>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/_includes/block-irma-three-column-1.html b/_includes/block-irma-three-column-1.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c7baabae5b120f948f249ec23863af752208bca2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/_includes/block-irma-three-column-1.html
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+<section class="block block-three-column-1">
+  <div class="container">
+    <div class="columns">
+      <div class="column">
+        <figure>
+          <img src="{{ section.image_1.image | relative_url }}" alt="{{ section.image_1.caption }}">
+          {% if section.image_1.caption %}
+          <figcaption>{{ section.image_1.caption }}</figcaption>
+          {% endif %}
+        </figure>
+        <h3>{{ section.col_1.headline }}</h3>
+        <p>{{ section.col_1.content }}</p>
+      </div>
+      <div class="column">
+        <figure>
+          <img src="{{ section.image_2.image | relative_url }}" alt="{{ section.image_2.caption }}">
+          {% if section.image_1.caption %}
+          <figcaption>{{ section.image_1.caption }}</figcaption>
+          {% endif %}
+        </figure>
+        <h3>{{ section.col_2.headline }}</h3>
+        <p>{{ section.col_2.content }}</p>
+      </div>
+      <div class="column">
+        <figure>
+          <img src="{{ section.image_3.image | relative_url }}" alt="{{ section.image_3.caption }}">
+          {% if section.image_1.caption %}
+          <figcaption>{{ section.image_1.caption }}</figcaption>
+          {% endif %}
+        </figure>
+        <h3>{{ section.col_3.headline }}</h3>
+        <p>{{ section.col_3.content }}</p>
+      </div>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+</section>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/_includes/block-three-column-1.html b/_includes/block-three-column-1.html
index 839062f8ec6fd8069aa1e31f56c53d32be7e417c..b41e0ac7fe13691890a86c5b6ad1417cefd45e25 100644
--- a/_includes/block-three-column-1.html
+++ b/_includes/block-three-column-1.html
@@ -1,15 +1,34 @@
 <section class="block block-three-column-1">
   <div class="container">
+    <div class="destination" id="{{ section.id }}"></div>
     <div class="columns">
       <div class="column">
+         <figure>
+          <img src="{{ section.image_1.image | relative_url }}" alt="{{ section.image_1.caption }}" style="width: 50%;">
+          {% if section.image_1.caption %}
+          <figcaption>{{ section.image_1.caption }}</figcaption>
+          {% endif %}
+        </figure>      
         <h3>{{ section.col_1.headline }}</h3>
         <p>{{ section.col_1.content }}</p>
       </div>
       <div class="column">
+         <figure>
+          <img src="{{ section.image_2.image | relative_url }}" alt="{{ section.image_2.caption }}" style="width: 50%;">
+          {% if section.image_2.caption %}
+          <figcaption>{{ section.image_2.caption }}</figcaption>
+          {% endif %}
+        </figure>      
         <h3>{{ section.col_2.headline }}</h3>
         <p>{{ section.col_2.content }}</p>
       </div>
       <div class="column">
+         <figure>
+          <img src="{{ section.image_3.image | relative_url }}" alt="{{ section.image_3.caption }}" style="width: 50%;">
+          {% if section.image_3.caption %}
+          <figcaption>{{ section.image_3.caption }}</figcaption>
+          {% endif %}
+        </figure>      
         <h3>{{ section.col_3.headline }}</h3>
         <p>{{ section.col_3.content }}</p>
       </div>            
diff --git a/_includes/block-three-column-irma-1.html b/_includes/block-three-column-irma-1.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e0ee2f50fb94a935ad76d8b14c878f4f59f2a0e1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/_includes/block-three-column-irma-1.html
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+<section class="block block-three-column-irma-1">
+  <div class="container">
+    <h1><span class="light">{{ section.heading }}</span></h1>
+    <div class="columns">
+      <div class="column">
+        <figure>
+          <img src="{{ section.image_1.image | relative_url }}" alt="{{ section.image_1.caption }}">
+          {% if section.image_1.caption %}
+          <figcaption>{{ section.image_1.caption }}</figcaption>
+          {% endif %}
+        </figure>       
+        <h3>{{ section.col_1.headline }}</h3>
+        <p>{{ section.col_1.content }}</p>
+      </div>
+      <div class="column">
+        <figure>
+          <img src="{{ section.image_2.image | relative_url }}" alt="{{ section.image_2.caption }}">
+          {% if section.image_2.caption %}
+          <figcaption>{{ section.image_2.caption }}</figcaption>
+          {% endif %}
+        </figure>       
+        <h3>{{ section.col_2.headline }}</h3>
+        <p>{{ section.col_2.content }}</p>
+      </div>
+      <div class="column">
+        <figure>
+          <img src="{{ section.image_3.image | relative_url }}" alt="{{ section.image_3.caption }}">
+          {% if section.image_3.caption %}
+          <figcaption>{{ section.image_3.caption }}</figcaption>
+          {% endif %}
+        </figure>       
+        <h3>{{ section.col_3.headline }}</h3>
+        <p>{{ section.col_3.content }}</p>
+      </div>            
+    </div>
+  </div>
+</section>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/css/irma.css b/css/irma.css
index 7c75a2920388ece9d650d6bf27c9c04cc2309b30..afff5a6e0f51f0eca25b7b6ff25fd2e76dd59e4f 100644
--- a/css/irma.css
+++ b/css/irma.css
@@ -1,117 +1,178 @@
+/* Scrolling to elements*/
+
+html {
+  scroll-behavior: smooth;
+}
+
+
+@media screen and (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
+  html {
+    scroll-behavior: auto;
+  }
+}
+
+
 /* Changing header */
 
 .block-header-1--logo img {
-    max-height: 4.0rem
+  max-height: 4.0rem;
 }
 
 .block-header-1 {
-    padding: 0.5rem 2rem
+  padding: 0.5rem 2rem
 }
 
 header {
-    border-bottom: 1px solid #000;
-    -webkit-box-shadow: 0 1px 6px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.6);
-    box-shadow: 0 1px 6px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.6);
+  border-bottom: 1px solid #000;
+  -webkit-box-shadow: 0 1px 6px 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.6);
+  box-shadow: 0 1px 6px 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.6);
+  background-color: #fff;
+  position: sticky;
+  top: 0;
+  height: 90px
 }
 
 .block-header-1--logo {
-	padding-right: 30px;
+  padding-right: 30px;
 }
 
 .block-header-1 .nav-item {
-    font-size: 16px;
-    padding: 0.5rem 0;
-    font-size: 1.0rem
+  font-size: 16px;
+  padding: 0.5rem 0;
+  font-size: 1.0rem
 }
 
+/* Scroll adjustment to make up for sticky header */
+.destination {
+  position: absolute;
+  z-index: -1;
+  left: 0;
+  margin-top: -105px;
+  /* 90 (height of nav) and a 15 for extra space*/
+}
+
+/* First element after header needs margin on top*/
+
+/* .block-hero-2 {
+  margin-top: 90px; 
+} 
+*/
+
+/* .headspace {
+  min-height: 90px;
+} */
+
 /* Double call to action */
 
 .button.primary.inverted {
-    margin-right: 10px;    
-    margin-bottom: 10px;    
+  margin-right: 10px;
+  margin-bottom: 10px;
 }
 
 /* Overwriting colors */
 
+ul,
+.faq-item {
+  font-weight: 400;
+  color: #666 !important;
+}
 
 .button.primary {
- background-color:#004C92
+  background-color: #004C92
 }
 
 .button.secondary {
- border:1.5px solid #004C92
+  border: 1.5px solid #004C92
 }
 
 .block-header-1 .nav-item.active a {
- color:#004C92
+  color: #004C92
 }
 
 .block-header-1 .nav-item.active a:hover {
- color:#004C92
+  color: #004C92
 }
 
 .block-header-1 .nav-item.active a {
- color:#004C92
+  color: #004C92
 }
 
 .block-header-1 .nav-item.active a:hover {
- color:#004C92
+  color: #004C92
 }
 
 .block-hero-1 {
- --bg:#004C92
+  --bg: #00B1E6
 }
 
 .block-hero-2 {
- --bg:#004C92
+  --bg: #004C92
 }
 
 .block-cta-bar {
- background:#004C92
+  background: #004C92
 }
 
 ::-moz-selection {
- background:#ffedbc
+  background: #ffedbc
 }
+
 ::-webkit-selection {
- background:#004C92
+  background: #004C92
 }
+
 ::selection {
- background:#004C92
+  background: #004C92
+}
+
+.black {
+  color: #000000;
+}
+
+#myTopnav {
+  display: none;
 }
 
 /* Adjusting the size of elements */
 
 @media screen and (min-width:700px) {
- .block-hero-2 .column.text {
+  #myTopnav {
+    display: block;
+  }
+
+  .block-hero-2 .column.text {
     -ms-flex: 0 0 50%;
     flex: 0 0 50%
- }
- .block-hero-2 .column.media {
+  }
+
+  .block-hero-2 .column.media {
     -ms-flex: 0 0 50%;
     flex: 0 0 50%
- }
- .block-hero-2 .column.media img {
-  width:25vw;
-  max-width:320px
- }
- header { 
-  z-index: 9999;
-  background-color: #fff;
-  position: sticky;
-  position: -webkit-sticky;
-  top: 0;
-  width: 100%
- }
- .block-hero-2 {
+  }
+
+  .block-hero-2 .column.media img {
+    width: 25vw;
+    max-width: 350px
+  }
+
+  header {
+    z-index: 9999;
+    background-color: #fff;
+    position: sticky;
+    top: 0;
+    width: 100%;
+    height: 90px;
+  }
+
+  .block-hero-2 {
     padding: 3rem 4rem;
- }
+  }
 }
 
 /* Increase font sizes */
 column.text p {
-    font-size: 20px;
-    font-size: 1.25rem;
+  font-size: 20px;
+  font-size: 1.25rem;
 }
 
 
@@ -136,7 +197,8 @@ column.text p {
 }
 
 /* Add a background color to the button if it is clicked on (add the .open class with JS), and when you move the mouse over it (hover) */
-.open, .collapsible:hover {
+.open,
+.collapsible:hover {
   background-color: #ccc;
   color: #313131;
 }
@@ -155,7 +217,8 @@ column.text p {
 }
 
 .collapsible:after {
-  content: '\02795'; /* Unicode character for "plus" sign (+) */
+  content: '\02795';
+  /* Unicode character for "plus" sign (+) */
   font-size: 13px;
   color: white;
   float: right;
@@ -163,13 +226,45 @@ column.text p {
 }
 
 .open:after {
-  content: "\2796"; /* Unicode character for "minus" sign (-) */
+  content: "\2796";
+  /* Unicode character for "minus" sign (-) */
 }
 
 .center {
-    display: block;
-    padding-bottom: 30px;
-    margin: auto;
-    text-align: center;
-    max-width: 900px;
+  display: block;
+  padding-bottom: 30px;
+  margin: auto;
+  text-align: center;
+  max-width: 900px;
+}
+
+.indent {
+  padding-left: 30px;
+}
+
+.block-footer-2 {
+  font-size: 12.8px;
+  font-size: .8rem;
+  color: white;
+  background: rgb(69, 68, 68);
+  text-align: left;
+}
+
+.block-footer-2 p {
+  font-weight: 400;
+  color: white;
+}
+
+.block-footer-2 a {
+  color: lightskyblue;
+}
+
+
+.block-footer-2 img {
+  max-width: 200px;
+}
+
+
+.block-footer-2 .column {
+  min-width: 200px;
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/css/ubuild.css b/css/ubuild.css
index b577615ac066db6d2c4cc00af1934c27e1272899..520ff1e775f6dd645d2cea54fcc56acc28d7933a 100644
--- a/css/ubuild.css
+++ b/css/ubuild.css
@@ -1,2 +1,839 @@
 /* From: https://github.com/forestryio/ubuild-blocks/blob/master/dist/css/ubuild.css, MIT license */
-*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}h1{font-size:48px;font-size:3rem;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:-1.6px;letter-spacing:-.1rem;line-height:1}h1 span.light{font-weight:300}h2{font-size:32px;font-size:2rem;font-weight:700}h2 span.light{font-weight:300}h3{font-weight:700;letter-spacing:0}h3,p{font-size:16px;font-size:1rem;line-height:1.35}p{font-weight:400;color:#666}@media screen and (min-width:700px){h1{font-size:3.5rem}}@media screen and (min-width:1000px){h1{font-size:4rem}}.container{width:1200px;max-width:100%;margin:0 auto}.block{padding:64px 32px;padding:4rem 2rem}@media screen and (min-width:700px){.block{padding:6rem 4rem}}.button{outline:none;border:0;padding:12.8px 24px;padding:.8rem 1.5rem;border-radius:.3rem;font-size:12.8px;font-size:.8rem;font-weight:500;cursor:pointer;position:relative;-webkit-user-select:none;-moz-user-select:none;-ms-user-select:none;user-select:none;text-decoration:none}.button:hover{opacity:.8}.button.primary{background-color:#ffcb3c;color:#fff}.button.primary.inverted{background-color:#fff;color:#000}.button.secondary{background-color:transparent;border:1.5px solid #ffcb3c}.button.small{font-size:9.6px;font-size:.6rem;padding:8px 16px;padding:.5rem 1rem}input{border:none;border-bottom:1px solid #000;font-size:16px;font-size:1rem;padding:12.8px;padding:.8rem;background:none;color:#000}input::-webkit-input-placeholder{color:#666}input:-ms-input-placeholder{color:#666}input::placeholder{color:#666}input.inverted{border-bottom:1px solid #fff;color:#000;background:#fff;border-radius:.3rem}input.inverted::-webkit-input-placeholder{color:#ddd}input.inverted:-ms-input-placeholder{color:#ddd}input.inverted::placeholder{color:#ddd}.block-header-1{display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-ms-flex-pack:justify;justify-content:space-between;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;padding:16px 32px;padding:1rem 2rem}.block-header-1--logo img{max-height:24px;max-height:1.5rem}.block-header-1 .nav-item{display:inline-block;list-style:none;margin-right:16px;margin-right:1rem;font-size:13.6px;font-size:.85rem}.block-header-1 .nav-item.active a{color:#ffcb3c}.block-header-1 .nav-item a{text-decoration:none;color:#2b2b2b}.block-header-1 .nav-item a:hover{color:#666}.block-header-1 .nav-item.active a:hover{color:#ffcb3c}.block-header-1 .nav-item:last-of-type{margin:0}.block-header-2{display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-ms-flex-pack:justify;justify-content:space-between;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;padding:16px 32px;padding:1rem 2rem}.block-header-2--logo img{max-height:24px;max-height:1.5rem}.block-header-2--nav{display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-ms-flex-align:baseline;align-items:baseline}.block-header-2 .nav-item{display:inline-block;list-style:none;margin-right:16px;margin-right:1rem;font-size:13.6px;font-size:.85rem}.block-header-2 .nav-item.active a{color:#ffcb3c}.block-header-2 .nav-item a{text-decoration:none;color:#2b2b2b}.block-header-2 .nav-item a:hover{color:#666}.block-header-2 .nav-item.active a:hover{color:#ffcb3c}.block-header-2 .nav-item:last-of-type{margin:0}.block-header-2--cta{margin-left:32px;margin-left:2rem}.block-header-3{display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-ms-flex-pack:center;justify-content:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;padding:16px 32px;padding:1rem 2rem;background-color:#fff}.block-header-3--logo img{max-height:24px;max-height:1.5rem}.block-hero-1{--bg:#ffcb3c;--text:#fff;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;justify-content:center;min-height:400px;background-color:var(--bg);color:var(--text);text-align:center}@media screen and (min-width:700px){.block-hero-1{min-height:500px}}.block-hero-2{--bg:#ffcb3c;--text:#fff;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;-ms-flex-pack:center;justify-content:center;min-height:100vh;background-color:var(--bg);color:var(--text);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:auto 100%;background-position:100%}.block-hero-2,.block-hero-2 .columns{display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center}.block-hero-2 .columns{-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap;-ms-flex-pack:justify;justify-content:space-between}.block-hero-2 .column.text{-ms-flex:0 0 100%;flex:0 0 100%;text-align:center}.block-hero-2 .column.media{-ms-flex:0 0 100%;flex:0 0 100%;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-ms-flex-pack:center;justify-content:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;margin-top:96px;margin-top:6rem}.block-hero-2 .column.text p{margin:16px 0 32px;margin:1rem 0 2rem;color:#fff;font-size:16px;font-size:1rem}.block-hero-2 .column.media img{width:100%}@media screen and (min-width:700px){.block-hero-2 .column.text{-ms-flex:0 0 45%;flex:0 0 45%;text-align:left}.block-hero-2 .column.media{-ms-flex:0 0 55%;flex:0 0 55%;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-ms-flex-pack:center;justify-content:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;margin-top:0}.block-hero-2 .column.media img{width:45vw;max-width:520px}}.block-one-column-1 .columns{display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:-32px;margin:-2rem}.block-one-column-1 .column{-ms-flex:0 0 calc(100% - 4rem);flex:0 0 calc(100% - 4rem);margin:32px;margin:2rem;text-align:center}.block-one-column-1 .column h3{margin-bottom:16px;margin-bottom:1rem}.block-two-column-1 .columns{display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:-32px;margin:-2rem}.block-two-column-1 .column{-ms-flex:0 0 calc(100% - 4rem);flex:0 0 calc(100% - 4rem);margin:32px;margin:2rem;text-align:center}.block-two-column-1 .column h3{margin-bottom:16px;margin-bottom:1rem}@media screen and (min-width:750px){.block-two-column-1 .column{-ms-flex:0 0 calc(50% - 4rem);flex:0 0 calc(50% - 4rem)}}.block-three-column-1 .columns{display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:-32px;margin:-2rem}.block-three-column-1 .column{-ms-flex:0 0 calc(100% - 4rem);flex:0 0 calc(100% - 4rem);margin:32px;margin:2rem;text-align:center}.block-three-column-1 .column h3{margin-bottom:16px;margin-bottom:1rem}@media screen and (min-width:750px){.block-three-column-1 .column{-ms-flex:0 0 calc(33.33% - 4rem);flex:0 0 calc(33.33% - 4rem)}}.block-cta-bar{padding:32px;padding:2rem;background:#ffcb3c;color:#fff}.block-cta-bar .columns{display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center}.block-cta-bar .text{-ms-flex:0 0 100%;flex:0 0 100%;padding-right:64px;padding-right:4rem;margin-bottom:32px;margin-bottom:2rem}.block-cta-bar .text h3{margin-bottom:16px;margin-bottom:1rem}.block-cta-bar .text p{font-size:20px;font-size:1.25rem;color:#fff}.block-cta-bar .cta{-ms-flex:0 0 100%;flex:0 0 100%}.block-cta-bar .cta form{text-align:right;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-ms-flex-align:stretch;align-items:stretch}.block-cta-bar .cta input{-ms-flex:auto;flex:auto;width:100px;margin-right:4px;margin-right:.25rem;border-radius:.3rem 0 0 .3rem}.block-cta-bar .cta .button{-ms-flex:0 0 100px;flex:0 0 100px;border-radius:0 .3rem .3rem 0}@media screen and (min-width:700px){.block-cta-bar{padding:2rem 4rem}.block-cta-bar .text{margin:0}.block-cta-bar .cta,.block-cta-bar .text{-ms-flex:0 0 50%;flex:0 0 50%}.block-cta-bar .cta input{-ms-flex:auto;flex:auto;width:100px}}.block-footer-1{font-size:12.8px;font-size:.8rem;color:#666;text-align:center}.block-footer-2 .columns{display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap;font-size:12.8px;font-size:.8rem;margin:-32px;margin:-2rem}.block-footer-2 .column{-ms-flex:0 0 calc(50% - 4rem);flex:0 0 calc(50% - 4rem);margin:32px;margin:2rem}.block-footer-2 img{max-width:100%}@media screen and (min-width:700px){.block-footer-2 .column{-ms-flex:0 0 calc(25% - 4rem);flex:0 0 calc(25% - 4rem)}}.block-text-1 .columns{display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:0}.block-text-1 .column{margin:0}.block-text-1 .headline{-ms-flex:0 0 100%;flex:0 0 100%}.block-text-1 .headline h3{margin-bottom:16px;margin-bottom:1rem}.block-text-1 .text{-ms-flex:0 0 100%;flex:0 0 100%}.block-text-1 .text p{margin:16px 0;margin:1rem 0}.block-text-1 .text p:first-of-type{margin:0 0 16px;margin:0 0 1rem}.block-text-1 .text p:last-of-type{margin:16px 0 0;margin:1rem 0 0}@media screen and (min-width:700px){.block-text-1 .columns{margin:-2rem}.block-text-1 .column{margin:2rem}.block-text-1 .headline{-ms-flex:0 0 calc(35% - 4rem);flex:0 0 calc(35% - 4rem)}.block-text-1 .text{-ms-flex:0 0 calc(65% - 4rem);flex:0 0 calc(65% - 4rem)}.block-text-1 .headline h3{margin-bottom:0}}.block-feature-1 .columns{display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap;text-align:center}.block-feature-1 .column.text{margin-right:0;margin-bottom:32px;margin-bottom:2rem}.block-feature-1 .column.media,.block-feature-1 .column.text{-ms-flex:0 0 100%;flex:0 0 100%}.block-feature-1 .column.text h2{margin-bottom:16px;margin-bottom:1rem}.block-feature-1 .column.media img{max-width:100%}@media screen and (min-width:700px){.block-feature-1 .columns{text-align:left}.block-feature-1 .column.text{-ms-flex:0 0 40%;flex:0 0 40%;margin-right:2rem;margin-bottom:0}.block-feature-1 .column.media{-ms-flex:0 0 calc(60% - 2rem);flex:0 0 calc(60% - 2rem)}}.block-feature-2 .columns{display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap;text-align:center}.block-feature-2 .column.text{-ms-flex:0 0 100%;flex:0 0 100%;-ms-flex-order:1;order:1;margin-bottom:32px;margin-bottom:2rem}.block-feature-2 .column.media{-ms-flex:0 0 100%;flex:0 0 100%;-ms-flex-order:2;order:2;margin-right:0}.block-feature-2 .column.text h2{margin-bottom:16px;margin-bottom:1rem}.block-feature-2 .column.media img{max-width:100%}@media screen and (min-width:700px){.block-feature-2 .columns{text-align:left}.block-feature-2 .column.text{-ms-flex:0 0 50%;flex:0 0 50%;-ms-flex-order:2;order:2;margin-bottom:0}.block-feature-2 .column.media{-ms-flex:0 0 calc(50% - 4rem);flex:0 0 calc(50% - 4rem);margin-right:4rem;-ms-flex-order:1;order:1}}.block-media-1 img{max-width:100%}.block-media-1 figcaption{font-size:11.2px;font-size:.7rem;color:#666;text-align:center;margin-top:8px;margin-top:.5rem}.block-media-2 .columns{display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:-16px;margin:-1rem}.block-media-2 .column{-ms-flex:0 0 calc(100% - 2rem);flex:0 0 calc(100% - 2rem);margin:16px;margin:1rem}.block-media-2 .column img{max-width:100%}.block-media-2 figcaption{font-size:11.2px;font-size:.7rem;color:#666;text-align:center;margin-top:8px;margin-top:.5rem}@media screen and (min-width:700px){.block-media-2 .columns{margin:-2rem}.block-media-2 .column{-ms-flex:0 0 calc(50% - 4rem);flex:0 0 calc(50% - 4rem);margin:2rem}}body{font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Noto Sans,Ubuntu,Droid Sans,Helvetica Neue,sans-serif;font-size:16px}::-moz-selection{background:#ffedbc;color:#333}::-webkit-selection{background:#ffedbc;color:#333}::selection{background:#ffedbc;color:#333}
+* {
+    box-sizing: border-box;
+    margin: 0;
+    padding: 0
+}
+
+h1 {
+    font-size: 48px;
+    font-size: 3rem;
+    font-weight: 700;
+    letter-spacing: -1.6px;
+    letter-spacing: -.1rem;
+    line-height: 1
+}
+
+h1 span.light {
+    font-weight: 300
+}
+
+h2 {
+    font-size: 32px;
+    font-size: 2rem;
+    font-weight: 700
+}
+
+h2 span.light {
+    font-weight: 300
+}
+
+h3 {
+    font-weight: 700;
+    letter-spacing: 0
+}
+
+h3,
+p {
+    font-size: 16px;
+    font-size: 1rem;
+    line-height: 1.35
+}
+
+p {
+    font-weight: 400;
+    color: #666
+}
+
+@media screen and (min-width:700px) {
+    h1 {
+        font-size: 3.5rem
+    }
+}
+
+@media screen and (min-width:1000px) {
+    h1 {
+        font-size: 4rem
+    }
+}
+
+.container {
+    width: 1200px;
+    max-width: 100%;
+    margin: 0 auto
+}
+
+.block {
+    padding: 64px 32px;
+    padding: 4rem 2rem
+}
+
+@media screen and (min-width:700px) {
+    .block {
+        padding: 6rem 4rem
+    }
+}
+
+.button {
+    outline: none;
+    border: 0;
+    padding: 12.8px 24px;
+    padding: .8rem 1.5rem;
+    border-radius: .3rem;
+    font-size: 12.8px;
+    font-size: .8rem;
+    font-weight: 500;
+    cursor: pointer;
+    position: relative;
+    -webkit-user-select: none;
+    -moz-user-select: none;
+    -ms-user-select: none;
+    user-select: none;
+    text-decoration: none
+}
+
+.button:hover {
+    opacity: .8
+}
+
+.button.primary {
+    background-color: #ffcb3c;
+    color: #fff
+}
+
+.button.primary.inverted {
+    background-color: #fff;
+    color: #000
+}
+
+.button.secondary {
+    background-color: transparent;
+    border: 1.5px solid #ffcb3c
+}
+
+.button.small {
+    font-size: 9.6px;
+    font-size: .6rem;
+    padding: 8px 16px;
+    padding: .5rem 1rem
+}
+
+input {
+    border: none;
+    border-bottom: 1px solid #000;
+    font-size: 16px;
+    font-size: 1rem;
+    padding: 12.8px;
+    padding: .8rem;
+    background: none;
+    color: #000
+}
+
+input::-webkit-input-placeholder {
+    color: #666
+}
+
+input:-ms-input-placeholder {
+    color: #666
+}
+
+input::placeholder {
+    color: #666
+}
+
+input.inverted {
+    border-bottom: 1px solid #fff;
+    color: #000;
+    background: #fff;
+    border-radius: .3rem
+}
+
+input.inverted::-webkit-input-placeholder {
+    color: #ddd
+}
+
+input.inverted:-ms-input-placeholder {
+    color: #ddd
+}
+
+input.inverted::placeholder {
+    color: #ddd
+}
+
+.block-header-1 {
+    display: -ms-flexbox;
+    display: flex;
+    -ms-flex-pack: justify;
+    justify-content: space-between;
+    -ms-flex-align: center;
+    align-items: center;
+    padding: 16px 32px;
+    padding: 1rem 2rem
+}
+
+.block-header-1--logo img {
+    max-height: 24px;
+    max-height: 1.5rem
+}
+
+.block-header-1 .nav-item {
+    display: inline-block;
+    list-style: none;
+    margin-right: 16px;
+    margin-right: 1rem;
+    font-size: 13.6px;
+    font-size: .85rem
+}
+
+.block-header-1 .nav-item.active a {
+    color: #ffcb3c
+}
+
+.block-header-1 .nav-item a {
+    text-decoration: none;
+    color: #2b2b2b
+}
+
+.block-header-1 .nav-item a:hover {
+    color: #666
+}
+
+.block-header-1 .nav-item.active a:hover {
+    color: #ffcb3c
+}
+
+.block-header-1 .nav-item:last-of-type {
+    margin: 0
+}
+
+.block-header-2 {
+    display: -ms-flexbox;
+    display: flex;
+    -ms-flex-pack: justify;
+    justify-content: space-between;
+    -ms-flex-align: center;
+    align-items: center;
+    padding: 16px 32px;
+    padding: 1rem 2rem
+}
+
+.block-header-2--logo img {
+    max-height: 24px;
+    max-height: 1.5rem
+}
+
+.block-header-2--nav {
+    display: -ms-flexbox;
+    display: flex;
+    -ms-flex-align: baseline;
+    align-items: baseline
+}
+
+.block-header-2 .nav-item {
+    display: inline-block;
+    list-style: none;
+    margin-right: 16px;
+    margin-right: 1rem;
+    font-size: 13.6px;
+    font-size: .85rem
+}
+
+.block-header-2 .nav-item.active a {
+    color: #ffcb3c
+}
+
+.block-header-2 .nav-item a {
+    text-decoration: none;
+    color: #2b2b2b
+}
+
+.block-header-2 .nav-item a:hover {
+    color: #666
+}
+
+.block-header-2 .nav-item.active a:hover {
+    color: #ffcb3c
+}
+
+.block-header-2 .nav-item:last-of-type {
+    margin: 0
+}
+
+.block-header-2--cta {
+    margin-left: 32px;
+    margin-left: 2rem
+}
+
+.block-header-3 {
+    display: -ms-flexbox;
+    display: flex;
+    -ms-flex-pack: center;
+    justify-content: center;
+    -ms-flex-align: center;
+    align-items: center;
+    padding: 16px 32px;
+    padding: 1rem 2rem;
+    background-color: #fff
+}
+
+.block-header-3--logo img {
+    max-height: 24px;
+    max-height: 1.5rem
+}
+
+.block-hero-1 {
+    --bg: #ffcb3c;
+    --text: #fff;
+    display: -ms-flexbox;
+    display: flex;
+    -ms-flex-direction: column;
+    flex-direction: column;
+    -ms-flex-align: center;
+    align-items: center;
+    -ms-flex-pack: center;
+    justify-content: center;
+    min-height: 400px;
+    background-color: var(--bg);
+    color: var(--text);
+    text-align: center
+}
+
+@media screen and (min-width:700px) {
+    .block-hero-1 {
+        min-height: 500px
+    }
+}
+
+.block-hero-2 {
+    --bg: #ffcb3c;
+    --text: #fff;
+    -ms-flex-direction: column;
+    flex-direction: column;
+    -ms-flex-pack: center;
+    justify-content: center;
+    background-color: var(--bg);
+    color: var(--text);
+    background-repeat: no-repeat;
+    background-size: auto 100%;
+    background-position: 100%
+}
+
+.block-hero-2,
+.block-hero-2 .columns {
+    display: -ms-flexbox;
+    display: flex;
+    -ms-flex-align: center;
+    align-items: center
+}
+
+.block-hero-2 .columns {
+    -ms-flex-wrap: wrap;
+    flex-wrap: wrap;
+    -ms-flex-pack: justify;
+    justify-content: space-between
+}
+
+.block-hero-2 .column.text {
+    -ms-flex: 0 0 100%;
+    flex: 0 0 100%;
+    text-align: center
+}
+
+.block-hero-2 .column.media {
+    -ms-flex: 0 0 100%;
+    flex: 0 0 100%;
+    display: -ms-flexbox;
+    display: flex;
+    -ms-flex-pack: center;
+    justify-content: center;
+    -ms-flex-align: center;
+    align-items: center;
+    margin-top: 96px;
+    margin-top: 6rem
+}
+
+.block-hero-2 .column.text p {
+    margin: 16px 0 32px;
+    margin: 1rem 0 2rem;
+    color: #fff;
+    font-size: 16px;
+    font-size: 1rem
+}
+
+.block-hero-2 .column.media img {
+    width: 100%
+}
+
+@media screen and (min-width:700px) {
+    .block-hero-2 .column.text {
+        -ms-flex: 0 0 45%;
+        flex: 0 0 45%;
+        text-align: left
+    }
+
+    .block-hero-2 .column.media {
+        -ms-flex: 0 0 55%;
+        flex: 0 0 55%;
+        display: -ms-flexbox;
+        display: flex;
+        -ms-flex-pack: center;
+        justify-content: center;
+        -ms-flex-align: center;
+        align-items: center;
+        margin-top: 0
+    }
+
+    .block-hero-2 .column.media img {
+        width: 45vw;
+        max-width: 520px
+    }
+}
+
+.block-one-column-1 .columns {
+    display: -ms-flexbox;
+    display: flex;
+    -ms-flex-wrap: wrap;
+    flex-wrap: wrap;
+    margin: -32px;
+    margin: -2rem
+}
+
+.block-one-column-1 .column {
+    -ms-flex: 0 0 calc(100% - 4rem);
+    flex: 0 0 calc(100% - 4rem);
+    margin: 32px;
+    margin: 2rem;
+    text-align: center
+}
+
+.block-one-column-1 .column h3 {
+    margin-bottom: 16px;
+    margin-bottom: 1rem
+}
+
+.block-two-column-1 .columns {
+    display: -ms-flexbox;
+    display: flex;
+    -ms-flex-wrap: wrap;
+    flex-wrap: wrap;
+    margin: -32px;
+    margin: -2rem
+}
+
+.block-two-column-1 .column {
+    -ms-flex: 0 0 calc(100% - 4rem);
+    flex: 0 0 calc(100% - 4rem);
+    margin: 32px;
+    margin: 2rem;
+    text-align: center
+}
+
+.block-two-column-1 .column h3 {
+    margin-bottom: 16px;
+    margin-bottom: 1rem
+}
+
+@media screen and (min-width:750px) {
+    .block-two-column-1 .column {
+        -ms-flex: 0 0 calc(50% - 4rem);
+        flex: 0 0 calc(50% - 4rem)
+    }
+}
+
+.block-three-column-1 .columns {
+    display: -ms-flexbox;
+    display: flex;
+    -ms-flex-wrap: wrap;
+    flex-wrap: wrap;
+    margin: -32px;
+    margin: -2rem
+}
+
+.block-three-column-1 .column {
+    -ms-flex: 0 0 calc(100% - 4rem);
+    flex: 0 0 calc(100% - 4rem);
+    margin: 32px;
+    margin: 2rem;
+    text-align: center
+}
+
+.block-three-column-1 .column h3 {
+    margin-bottom: 16px;
+    margin-bottom: 1rem
+}
+
+@media screen and (min-width:750px) {
+    .block-three-column-1 .column {
+        -ms-flex: 0 0 calc(33.33% - 4rem);
+        flex: 0 0 calc(33.33% - 4rem)
+    }
+}
+
+.block-cta-bar {
+    padding: 32px;
+    padding: 2rem;
+    background: #ffcb3c;
+    color: #fff
+}
+
+.block-cta-bar .columns {
+    display: -ms-flexbox;
+    display: flex;
+    -ms-flex-wrap: wrap;
+    flex-wrap: wrap;
+    -ms-flex-align: center;
+    align-items: center
+}
+
+.block-cta-bar .text {
+    -ms-flex: 0 0 100%;
+    flex: 0 0 100%;
+    padding-right: 64px;
+    padding-right: 4rem;
+    margin-bottom: 32px;
+    margin-bottom: 2rem
+}
+
+.block-cta-bar .text h3 {
+    margin-bottom: 16px;
+    margin-bottom: 1rem
+}
+
+.block-cta-bar .text p {
+    font-size: 20px;
+    font-size: 1.25rem;
+    color: #fff
+}
+
+.block-cta-bar .cta {
+    -ms-flex: 0 0 100%;
+    flex: 0 0 100%
+}
+
+.block-cta-bar .cta form {
+    text-align: right;
+    display: -ms-flexbox;
+    display: flex;
+    -ms-flex-align: stretch;
+    align-items: stretch
+}
+
+.block-cta-bar .cta input {
+    -ms-flex: auto;
+    flex: auto;
+    width: 100px;
+    margin-right: 4px;
+    margin-right: .25rem;
+    border-radius: .3rem 0 0 .3rem
+}
+
+.block-cta-bar .cta .button {
+    -ms-flex: 0 0 100px;
+    flex: 0 0 100px;
+    border-radius: 0 .3rem .3rem 0
+}
+
+@media screen and (min-width:700px) {
+    .block-cta-bar {
+        padding: 2rem 4rem
+    }
+
+    .block-cta-bar .text {
+        margin: 0
+    }
+
+    .block-cta-bar .cta,
+    .block-cta-bar .text {
+        -ms-flex: 0 0 50%;
+        flex: 0 0 50%
+    }
+
+    .block-cta-bar .cta input {
+        -ms-flex: auto;
+        flex: auto;
+        width: 100px
+    }
+}
+
+.block-footer-1 {
+    font-size: 12.8px;
+    font-size: .8rem;
+    color: #666;
+    text-align: center
+}
+
+.block-footer-2 .columns {
+    display: -ms-flexbox;
+    display: flex;
+    -ms-flex-wrap: wrap;
+    flex-wrap: wrap;
+    font-size: 12.8px;
+    font-size: .8rem;
+    margin: -32px;
+    margin: -2rem
+}
+
+.block-footer-2 .column {
+    -ms-flex: 0 0 calc(50% - 4rem);
+    flex: 0 0 calc(50% - 4rem);
+    margin: 32px;
+    margin: 2rem
+}
+
+.block-footer-2 img {
+    max-width: 100%
+}
+
+@media screen and (min-width:700px) {
+    .block-footer-2 .column {
+        -ms-flex: 0 0 calc(25% - 4rem);
+        flex: 0 0 calc(25% - 4rem)
+    }
+}
+
+.block-text-1 .columns {
+    display: -ms-flexbox;
+    display: flex;
+    -ms-flex-wrap: wrap;
+    flex-wrap: wrap;
+    margin: 0
+}
+
+.block-text-1 .column {
+    margin: 0
+}
+
+.block-text-1 .headline {
+    -ms-flex: 0 0 100%;
+    flex: 0 0 100%
+}
+
+.block-text-1 .headline h3 {
+    margin-bottom: 16px;
+    margin-bottom: 1rem
+}
+
+.block-text-1 .text {
+    -ms-flex: 0 0 100%;
+    flex: 0 0 100%
+}
+
+.block-text-1 .text p {
+    margin: 16px 0;
+    margin: 1rem 0
+}
+
+.block-text-1 .text p:first-of-type {
+    margin: 0 0 16px;
+    margin: 0 0 1rem
+}
+
+.block-text-1 .text p:last-of-type {
+    margin: 16px 0 0;
+    margin: 1rem 0 0
+}
+
+@media screen and (min-width:700px) {
+    .block-text-1 .columns {
+        margin: -2rem
+    }
+
+    .block-text-1 .column {
+        margin: 2rem
+    }
+
+    .block-text-1 .headline {
+        -ms-flex: 0 0 calc(35% - 4rem);
+        flex: 0 0 calc(35% - 4rem)
+    }
+
+    .block-text-1 .text {
+        -ms-flex: 0 0 calc(65% - 4rem);
+        flex: 0 0 calc(65% - 4rem)
+    }
+
+    .block-text-1 .headline h3 {
+        margin-bottom: 0
+    }
+}
+
+.block-feature-1 .columns {
+    display: -ms-flexbox;
+    display: flex;
+    -ms-flex-align: center;
+    align-items: center;
+    -ms-flex-wrap: wrap;
+    flex-wrap: wrap;
+    text-align: center
+}
+
+.block-feature-1 .column.text {
+    margin-right: 0;
+    margin-bottom: 32px;
+    margin-bottom: 2rem
+}
+
+.block-feature-1 .column.media,
+.block-feature-1 .column.text {
+    -ms-flex: 0 0 100%;
+    flex: 0 0 100%
+}
+
+.block-feature-1 .column.text h2 {
+    margin-bottom: 16px;
+    margin-bottom: 1rem
+}
+
+.block-feature-1 .column.media img {
+    max-width: 100%
+}
+
+@media screen and (min-width:700px) {
+    .block-feature-1 .columns {
+        text-align: left
+    }
+
+    .block-feature-1 .column.text {
+        -ms-flex: 0 0 40%;
+        flex: 0 0 40%;
+        margin-right: 2rem;
+        margin-bottom: 0
+    }
+
+    .block-feature-1 .column.media {
+        -ms-flex: 0 0 calc(60% - 2rem);
+        flex: 0 0 calc(60% - 2rem)
+    }
+}
+
+.block-feature-2 .columns {
+    display: -ms-flexbox;
+    display: flex;
+    -ms-flex-align: center;
+    align-items: center;
+    -ms-flex-wrap: wrap;
+    flex-wrap: wrap;
+    text-align: center
+}
+
+.block-feature-2 .column.text {
+    -ms-flex: 0 0 100%;
+    flex: 0 0 100%;
+    -ms-flex-order: 1;
+    order: 1;
+    margin-bottom: 32px;
+    margin-bottom: 2rem
+}
+
+.block-feature-2 .column.media {
+    -ms-flex: 0 0 100%;
+    flex: 0 0 100%;
+    -ms-flex-order: 2;
+    order: 2;
+    margin-right: 0
+}
+
+.block-feature-2 .column.text h2 {
+    margin-bottom: 16px;
+    margin-bottom: 1rem
+}
+
+.block-feature-2 .column.media img {
+    max-width: 100%
+}
+
+@media screen and (min-width:700px) {
+    .block-feature-2 .columns {
+        text-align: left
+    }
+
+    .block-feature-2 .column.text {
+        -ms-flex: 0 0 50%;
+        flex: 0 0 50%;
+        -ms-flex-order: 2;
+        order: 2;
+        margin-bottom: 0
+    }
+
+    .block-feature-2 .column.media {
+        -ms-flex: 0 0 calc(50% - 4rem);
+        flex: 0 0 calc(50% - 4rem);
+        margin-right: 4rem;
+        -ms-flex-order: 1;
+        order: 1
+    }
+}
+
+.block-media-1 img {
+    max-width: 100%
+}
+
+.block-media-1 figcaption {
+    font-size: 11.2px;
+    font-size: .7rem;
+    color: #666;
+    text-align: center;
+    margin-top: 8px;
+    margin-top: .5rem
+}
+
+.block-media-2 .columns {
+    display: -ms-flexbox;
+    display: flex;
+    -ms-flex-wrap: wrap;
+    flex-wrap: wrap;
+    margin: -16px;
+    margin: -1rem
+}
+
+.block-media-2 .column {
+    -ms-flex: 0 0 calc(100% - 2rem);
+    flex: 0 0 calc(100% - 2rem);
+    margin: 16px;
+    margin: 1rem
+}
+
+.block-media-2 .column img {
+    max-width: 100%
+}
+
+.block-media-2 figcaption {
+    font-size: 11.2px;
+    font-size: .7rem;
+    color: #666;
+    text-align: center;
+    margin-top: 8px;
+    margin-top: .5rem
+}
+
+@media screen and (min-width:700px) {
+    .block-media-2 .columns {
+        margin: -2rem
+    }
+
+    .block-media-2 .column {
+        -ms-flex: 0 0 calc(50% - 4rem);
+        flex: 0 0 calc(50% - 4rem);
+        margin: 2rem
+    }
+}
+
+body {
+    font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Segoe UI, Roboto, Noto Sans, Ubuntu, Droid Sans, Helvetica Neue, sans-serif;
+    font-size: 16px
+}
+
+::-moz-selection {
+    background: #ffedbc;
+    color: #333
+}
+
+::-webkit-selection {
+    background: #ffedbc;
+    color: #333
+}
+
+::selection {
+    background: #ffedbc;
+    color: #333
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/index.md b/index.md
index bc24be939a91a0055ceaccba6d7cc72a88a37abf..c01d129684cb72a23b7f5125757ad7ab3bdb6bda 100644
--- a/index.md
+++ b/index.md
@@ -7,108 +7,246 @@ date: 2017-11-22T23:00:00.000+00:00
 page_sections:
 - template: navigation-header
   block: header-1
-  logo: "/uploads/2019/07/30/irma_logo@1x.png"
+  logo: "/uploads/non-free/irma_logo@1x.png"
   navigation:
   - link: "/"
-    link_text: Home
-  - link: "#"
-    link_text: About
-  - link: "#"
-    link_text: Get IRMA
-  - link: "#"
-    link_text: Get started
-  - link: "#"
-    link_text: Features
-  - link: "#"
-    link_text: Resources
-  - link: "#"
-    link_text: FAQ
+    link_text: IRMA
+  - link: "#gebruik"
+    link_text: Gebruik
+  - link: "#uitleg"
+    link_text: Uitleg
+  - link: "#faqs"
+    link_text: FAQs
+  - link: "#links"
+    link_text: Links
 - template: irma-banner
   block: irma-2
-  headline: Get IRMA. <br><strong>The digital passport that protects your privacy.</strong>
-  content: IRMA stores your credentials on your phone<br> and keeps <em>your</em> data in <em>your</em> pocket. 
+  headline: Kies IRMA. <br><strong>Zet een digitaal paspoort op je eigen mobiel.</strong>
   ctaiOS:
     enabled: true
     url: https://apps.apple.com/nl/app/irma-authenticatie/id1294092994
-    button_text: 'Get IRMA for iOS'
+    button_text: IRMA voor iOS
   ctaAndroid:
     enabled: true
     url: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=org.irmacard.cardemu
-    button_text: Get IRMA for Android
+    button_text: IRMA voor Android
   image:
-    image: "/uploads/2019/07/30/screenshot.png"
+    image: "/uploads/non-free/screenshot.png"
     alt_text: Product Shot
   background_image: "/uploads/2019/07/30/irma-2-bg.png"
 - template: 3-column-text
   block: three-column-1
+  id: gebruik
+  image_1:
+    image: "/uploads/non-free/login.png"
+  image_2:
+    image: "/uploads/non-free/signature.png"
+  image_3:
+    image: "/uploads/non-free/secure.png"
   col_1:
-    headline: Authentication
-    content: "The Design Blocks can be used without Forestry but to harness the power 
-    of Blocks we recommend using Forestry. Once the site is imported you can immediately
-    create new sites and make them fully customizable. \U0001F447"
+    headline: Inloggen
+    content: Met IRMA kun je makkelijk inloggen en jezelf bekend maken. Je laat alleen
+      die kenmerken van jezelf zien die relevant zijn. Bijvoorbeeld om een bepaalde
+      film te kijken, bewijs je dat je ouder  dan 16 bent, en verder niets.
   col_2:
-    headline: Digital signatures
-    content: "The Design Blocks can be used without Forestry but to harness the power 
-    of Blocks we recommend using Forestry. Once the site is imported you can immediately
-    create new sites and make them fully customizable. \U0001F447"
+    headline: Ondertekenen
+    content: Ook kun je met IRMA documenten digitaal ondertekenen. Je gebruikt alleen
+      relevante kenmerken van jezelf, in een soort digitaal stempel. Zo kun je met
+      IRMA ondertekenen als arts, als burger of vanuit een andere rol.
   col_3:
-    headline: Authorisation
-    content: "The Design Blocks can be used without Forestry but to harness the power 
-    of Blocks we recommend using Forestry. Once the site is imported you can immediately
-    create new sites and make them fully customizable. \U0001F447"
+    headline: Vertrouwen
+    content: Gegevens in een IRMA app komen uit betrouwbare bronnen en zijn cryptografisch
+      beschermd. De kenmerken die jij met IRMA bekend maakt zijn daarmee echt, en
+      echt van jou.
+- template: slogan
+  block: irma-1
+  id: start
+  heading: Met IRMA heb je  <strong>in de hand</strong> wat er met jouw gegevens gebeurt.
+- template: 3-column-text
+  block: three-column-1
+  id: uitleg
+  image_1:
+    image: "/uploads/non-free/getstarted.png"
+  image_2:
+    image: "/uploads/non-free/tool.png"
+  image_3:
+    image: "/uploads/non-free/usecases.png"
+  col_1:
+    headline: Zelf aan de slag met IRMA
+    content: Iedereen kan de IRMA app gratis downloaden (<a href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=org.irmacard.cardemu">Android</a>
+      en <a href="https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/irma-authentication/id1294092994">iOS</a>)
+      en vullen met eigen gegevens. Bijvoorbeeld bij de gemeente kun je inlogggen
+      en basisgegevens (naam, adres, etc.) over jezelf ophalen. Maar ook kun je jouw
+      emailadres of 06-nummer in je IRMA app opslaan. Met zulke gegevens kan iedereen
+      zichzelf online bekend maken.
+  col_2:
+    headline: IRMA is een middel, geen doel op zich
+    content: Voor iedereen is het gebruik van allerlei wachtwoorden veel gedoe. Toch
+      moeten websites weten met wie ze te maken hebben. IRMA geeft zekerheid. Met
+      IRMA kun je op een makkelijke en veilige manier online doen wat je wil doen.
+      Bijvoorbeeld een film kijken of iets (ver)kopen.
+  col_3:
+    headline: Wat kan ik er al mee?
+    content: Er komen steeds meer websites waar je met IRMA in kan loggen. Artsen,
+      bijvoorbeeld, kunnen via IRMA bij medische dossiers op de website <a href="https://www.helder.health"
+      target="_blank">helder</a>. Vooral bij gemeenten en in de zorg wordt aan verder
+      gebruik van IRMA gewerkt. Om een indruk te krijgen van de mogelijkheden kun
+      je zelf een aantal IRMA <a href="https://privacybydesign.foundation/demo/" target="_blank">demo's</a>
+      uitproberen.
 - template: faq
   block: faq-1
-  headline: <span class="light">Fequently asked questions and their <strong>answers</strong><span>
+  id: faqs
+  headline: <span class="light">Veel gestelde vragen en <strong>antwoorden</strong>
+    daarop<span>
   faq_items:
-  - question: How do I do something?
-    answer: Click somewhere
-  - question: Can you do this?
-    answer: "Yes"
-  - question: I have a question!
-    answer: We have the answer :) 
-- template: content-feature
-  block: feature-1
-  media_alignment: Left
-  headline: <strong>Swap &amp; Switch<span class="light">&nbsp;</span></strong><span
-    class="light">the Blocks to create sites quickly</span>
-  content: Quickly assemble and create custom sites with 16 design blocks for seven
-    different sections.
-  media:
-    image: "/uploads/2018/06/21/blocks-split.png"
-    alt_text: uBuild Blocks Mock-Up
-- template: content-feature
-  block: feature-1
-  media_alignment: Right
-  headline: <strong>Customize Blocks</strong><span class="light">&nbsp;to make quick
-    edits throughout your new site</span>
-  content: Each block comes with custom Front Matter that can easily be edited in
-    Forestry's UI.
-  media:
-    image: "/uploads/2018/06/21/edit.gif"
-    alt_text: Customize Blocks
-- template: 1-column-text
-  block: one-column-1
-  headline: 16 Fully Responsive Design Blocks
-  content: "The Design Blocks can be used without Forestry but to harness the power
-    of Blocks we recommend using Forestry. Once the site is imported you can immediately
-    create new sites and make them fully customizable. \U0001F447"
-- template: full-width-media-element
-  block: media-1
-  image: "/uploads/2018/06/21/theme.png"
-  caption: All Available Blocks
-- template: detail-content
-  block: text-1
-  headline: Steps to Build a Site!
-  content: <p>uBuild is an open-source Jekyll based theme that doubles as a builder
-    tool inside the Forestry content manager. It's easy to get started!</p><ol><li><p>Fork
-    the <a href="https://github.com/forestryio/ubuild-jekyll">repo</a> and import
-    the site into <a href="https://forestry.io/">Forestry</a> (or use <a href="https://forestry.io/blog/ubuild-a-new-theme-for-static-sites-using-blocks#even-quicker-start">our
-    magic button</a>).</p></li><li><p>Click on 'Add New' in Forestry and select the
-    Page-Builder template.</p></li><li><p>Add and customize the available Blocks and
-    preview them as you go along.</p></li><li><p>Read <a href="https://forestry.io/blog/ubuild-a-new-theme-for-static-sites-using-blocks/">our
-    article</a> and create your own Blocks.</p></li></ol>
-- template: simple-footer
-  block: footer-1
-  content: Hello world! ❤︎
+  - question: Hoe moet ik met IRMA inloggen op een website?
+    answer: Websites waar je met IRMA in kunt loggen hebben een knop daarvoor, waar
+      bijvoorbeeld op staat <em>Log in met IRMA</em>. Als je de IRMA app nog niet
+      op je telefoon hebt zul je die eerst moeten installeren en vullen met de kenmerken
+      die je nodig hebt.<br><br> Als je IRMA app al wel hebt, zijn twee verschillende
+      situaties<span>:</span><ul class="indent"><li> Als je de website bekijkt op
+      je computer of laptop en je drukt op die login knop verschijnt er een QR code.
+      Je opent dan de IRMA app op je telefoon met je PIN. Onderaan in de app zit een
+      knopje waarmee je de QR code kunt scannen. In de app krijg je dan de vraag of
+      je kenmerken waarom de website vraagt wil vrijgeven. Als je op OK klikt, ben
+      je ingelogd.</li><li> Als je de website op je telefoon bekijkt wordt na het
+      indrukken van de login knop automatisch overgeschakeld naar de IRMA app. Daarin
+      verschijnt de vraag of je de gevraagde kenmerken wil vrijgeven. Nadat je op
+      OK hebt gedrukt ga je terug naar de website en ben je ingelogd. Als het goed
+      is gaat je telefoon automatisch terug, maar soms moet je dat met de hand doen.</li></ul><br>Het
+      kan zijn dat de website vraagt om kenmerken die je nog niet in je IRMA app geladen
+      hebt. Dan moet je dat eerst nog even doen voordat je in kunt loggen.
+  - question: Welke kenmerken kan ik nu (en later) in de IRMA app zetten?
+    answer: Vanuit gemeenten kun je zelf kenmerken zoals je naam, adres, geboortedatum,
+      BSN in je IRMA app zetten, maar ook of je bijvoorbeeld ouder dan 18 of 65 bent.
+      Daarnaast kun je een of meer email adressen en mobiele telefoonnummers, na controle, toevoegen.
+      Studenten en medewerkers in het (hoger) onderwijs kunnen ook hun registratie
+      toevoegen. Medewerkers in de zorg kunnen zogenaamde BIG en AGB registraties
+      toevoegen. Ook vanuit sociale media (LinkedIn, Twitter, Facebook) kun je gegevens
+      laden. Hiermee kun je in veel situaties voldoende van jezelf bekend maken.<br><br>Naar
+      verwachting zullen de komende tijd nog veel andere bronnen van persoonsgegevens
+      aan IRMA toegevoegd worden, voor gebruikers in het algemeen en ook voor speciale
+      (beroeps)groepen.
+  - question: Kan ik IRMA op een tweede telefoon of tablet zetten?
+    answer: Jazeker, op ieder (<a href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=org.irmacard.cardemu">Android</a>
+      en <a href="https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/irma-authentication/id1294092994">iOS</a>)
+      apparaat kun je een apart IRMA account openen en vullen met persoonskenmerken.
+      Het is misschien wel verstandig omdat te doen, want als je dan het ene apparaat
+      kwijt bent, kun je nog met een ander inloggen.
+  - question: Waar staan mijn IRMA gegevens opgeslagen.
+    answer: IRMA gegevens worden alleen op je eigen telefoon opgeslagen en nergens
+      anders. Ze staan dus niet ook nog ergens in een cloud. De organistie achter
+      IRMA kan (en wil) niet zien welke kenmerken jij op jouw telefoon opgeslagen
+      hebt en kan ook niet zien waar je ze gebruikt.
+  - question: Hoezo is IRMA privacy-vriendelijk en veilig?
+    answer: 'Persoonskenmerken van IRMA staan alleen in de IRMA app en zijn beschermd
+      met een PIN. Je laat alleen die gegevens van jezelf zien die in een bepaalde
+      situatie relevant en nodig zijn. Bijvoorbeeld, om korting te krijgen moet je
+      soms bewijzen dat je student bent; dat kun je met IRMA doen zonder je naam of
+      studie te tonen.<br><br> Jouw kenmerken in de IRMA app zijn digitaal ondertekend
+      door de bron waar de gegevens vandaan komen. Daardoor kan een website of winkel,
+      waar je jezelf bekend maakt, cryptografisch controleren dat de gegevens echt
+      zijn. Deze uitwisseling van persoonskenmerken vindt rechtstreeks plaats, tussen
+      je telefoon en deze website. Niemand anders kan zien dat jij je daar bekendmaakt.
+      Dit is heel anders dan bij een (privacy-onvriendelijke) login via Facebook,
+      bijvoorbeeld bij een online winkel. Dan vindt de uitwisseling anders plaats:
+      je moet eerst bij Facebook inloggen, waarna Facebook aan de webwinkel vertelt
+      wie je bent. Facebook kan zo profielen opbouwen van wie waar inlogt.'
+  - question: Waar staan mijn IRMA gegevens opgeslagen.
+    answer: De kenmerken van jezelf die je in de IRMA app verzamelt staan alleen in
+      de app zelf en worden door IRMA nergens anders opgeslagen. Ze staan dus niet
+      ook nog ergens in een cloud. Als je jouw kenmerken uit de app verwijdert zijn
+      ze ook echt weg. Jij geeft zelf steeds expliciet toestemming voordat deze kenmerken
+      vanuit de IRMA app aan een website doorgegeven worden.
+  - question: Hoe lang zijn kenmerken in IRMA geldig en hoe kan ik ze verversen?
+    answer: In de IRMA app kun je op het kaartje met je kenmerken zien hoe lang ze
+      geldig zijn. Die geldigheidsduur hangt af van het soort gegevens, namelijk van
+      hoe veranderlijk ze zijn. Je naam en geboortedatum zijn vijf jaar geldig, maar
+      je adres slechts een jaar. De uitgever (bron) van kenmerken bepaalt de geldigheidsduur.
+      De geldigheid van IRMA kenmerken kan dus verlopen. De app geeft je daar een
+      waarschuwing voor. Je kunt je kenmerken altijd, ook zonder waarschuwing, verversen
+      door ze opnieuw op te halen bij de bron, net zo als je de eerste keer doet.
+      Bijvoorbeeld, na je 18e verjaardag kun je opnieuw je gegevens bij je gemeente
+      ophalen en heb je als nieuw kenmerk dat je ouder dan 18 bent.
+  - question: Wat doe ik als ik een nieuwe telefoon koop?
+    answer: Op een nieuwe telefoon kun je de IRMA app opnieuw installeren, een nieuw
+      account openen, en je kenmerken opnieuw ophalen. Er is op dit moment geen mogelijkheid
+      om je kenmerken van je oude telefoon over te zetten naar je nieuwe telefoon.
+      Daar wordt wel aan gewerkt. Gelukkig is het niet heel moeilijk om je gegevens
+      opnieuw op te halen. Het kost wel een klein beetje tijd.
+  - question: Wat doe ik als ik mijn telefoon verlies?
+    answer: <span>De IRMA app op je telefoon is beschermd met een PIN, net als je
+      app voor internetbankieren. Wanneer je je telefoon verliest kan een ander dus
+      geen gebruik maken van je IRMA app en zich als jou voordoen. Als je dus een
+      goede PIN gekozen hebt, hoef je je geen zorgen te maken. <br><br> Je kunt jezelf
+      echter nog beter beschermen<span>:</span> bij het openen van een IRMA account heb je de
+      optie gekregen om een email adres toe te voegen. Als je dat gedaan hebt, kun
+      je via de <a href="https://privacybydesign.foundation/mijnirma/" target="_blank">MijnIRMA</a>
+      omgeving je IRMA account blokkeren. Dan kan er echt helemaal niks meer met de
+      IRMA app op je oude, verloren telefoon gebeuren. Als je nog geen email adres
+      toegevoegd hebt in MijnIRMA kun je dat alsnog doen, door <a href="https://privacybydesign.foundation/mijnirma/" target="_blank">daar</a>
+      met IRMA zelf in te loggen. Het is verstandig dat te doen.
+  - question: Ik heb een vraag over IRMA; waar kan ik terecht?
+    answer: Als je een vraag hebt over inloggen met IRMA bij webwinkel De Hippe Kip,
+      dan kun je die vraag het beste stellen aan De Hippe Kip zelf. Ook als die website
+      je vraagt IRMA te installeren en dat lukt niet, dan kun je het beste daar met
+      je vragen naar toegaan. Meestal staat er op zulke webpagina's informatie over
+      hoe je vragen kunt stellen en contact op kunt nemen. <br><br> Als je tenslotte
+      een vraag hebt over het systeem IRMA zelf, dan kun je een berichtje sturen naar
+      het adres <a href="mailto:irma@privacybydesign.foundation">irma@privacybydesign.foundation</a>.
+  - question: Wat gebeurt er met mijn gegevens als ik met IRMA inlog?
+    answer: Als je inlogt bij een website maakt je telefoon rechtstreeks contact met
+      de website. Nadat jij toestemming gegeven hebt worden de gevraagde kenmerken
+      vanuit jouw telefoon direct aan de website getoond. Daar zit niemand tussen.
+      De IRMA organistie kan jouw kenmerken niet zien — omdat ze alleen op jouw telefoon
+      staan — en kan ook niet zien welke attributen je aan welke website vrijgeeft.
+  - question: Wie zit er achter IRMA?
+    answer: IRMA wordt gemaakt door de stichting <a href="https://privacybydesign.foundation/" target="_blank">Privacy
+      by Design</a>. Deze stichting is in 2016 voortgekomen uit de <em>Digital Security</em>
+      onderzoeksgroep van de Radboud Universiteit in Nijmegen. De stichting is onafhankelijk
+      en heeft geen doelstelling om winst te maken. Sinds 2019 heeft de stichting
+      Privacy by Design een strategische samenwerking met de stichting Internet Domeinregistratie
+      Nederland (<a href="https://www.sidn.nl/" target="_blank">SIDN</a>). Mede door deze samenwerking wordt de stabiliteit
+      en continuiteit van IRMA gegarandeerd.
+  - question: Hoezo kan IRMA gratis zijn?
+    answer: IRMA is gratis voor gebruikers. IRMA is ook gratis voor websites die
+      gebruikers via IRMA laten inloggen<span>:</span> iedereen kan kenmerken uit een IRMA app
+      opvragen en bekijken, als de gebruiker toestemming geeft. Maar het is <em>niet
+      gratis</em> om kenmerken uit te geven. Niet iedereen kan zomaar kenmerken in
+      IRMA apps zetten; dat zou snel een rommeltje worden.<br><br> Voor die uitgifte
+      moet betaald worden en moet een contract getekend worden, waarbij de uitgever
+      zich ertoe verplicht om alleen juiste gegevens in de IRMA app van de juiste
+      persoon te zetten. <br><br>Ook kan een contract afgesloten worden voor support garanties (een "SLA") via SIDN. Omdat IRMA een decentraal systeem is, waarbij gegevens alleen
+      op telefoons staan en rechtstreeks met websites uitgewisseld worden, heeft de
+      organisatie achter IRMA relatief weinig te doen. Omdat die organisatie bovendien
+      geen winstoogmerk heeft is IRMA als geheel een goedkoop systeem.
+
+  - question: IRMA is <em>open source</em>; wat betekent dat?
+    answer: De software van IRMA is open source. Dat betekent dat de manier waarop IRMA werkt door iedereen bekeken kan worden<span>:</span> de software 
+      staat gewoon online, namelijk op <a href="https://github.com/privacybydesign" target="_blank">GitHub</a>. Natuurlijk moet je wel wat van 
+      computerprogramma's weten om dit echt te kunnen begrijpen, maar het principe is belangrijk<span>:</span> IRMA kent geen geheimen en werkt op een 
+      transparante manier. Dit draagt bij aan het vertrouwen in IRMA. Er zijn daarom met IRMA geen discussies over verborgen achterdoortjes van 
+      leveranciers met een eigen agenda, zoals bijvoorbeeld met 5G telecommunicatie. De stichting Privacy by Design achter IRMA vindt dat 
+      alle software die gebruikt wordt in infrastructuur met een publieke rol open source moet zijn. 
+
+  - question: Ik wil meer informatie over IRMA; waar kan ik terecht? 
+    answer: Het grotere verhaal achter IRMA staat beschreven in een <a href="https://privacybydesign.foundation/pdf/IRMA-manifest-2019.pdf" target="_blank">IRMA Manifest</a>. <br><br>  Uitgebreidere uitleg over de werking van IRMA wordt gegeven door de stichting Privacy by Design op een eigen  <a href="https://privacybydesign.foundation/irma-uitleg/" target="_blank">pagina </a>. Mensen die de software van IRMA willen bekijken kunnen terecht op een technische <a href="https://irma.app/docs target="_blank">documentatie</a> pagina en op <a href="https://github.com/privacybydesign" target="_blank">GitHub</a>.
+
+- template: irma-footer-2
+  block: irma-footer-2
+  id: links
+  image_1:
+    image: "/uploads/non-free/irma_logo@1x.png"
+  col_2:  
+    headline: Privacy by Design Foundation
+    content: IRMA wordt gemaakt door de stichting <a href="https://privacybydesign.foundation/" target="_blank">Privacy
+      by Design</a>. Uitgebreidere uitleg over de werking van IRMA wordt gegeven door de stichting Privacy by Design op haar eigen  <a href="https://privacybydesign.foundation/irma-uitleg/" target="_blank">website </a>.
+  col_3:
+    headline: Docs
+    content: Ontwikkelaars die met IRMA willen werken kunnen terecht op de technische <a href="https://irma.app/docs" target="_blank">documentatie</a>.
+  col_4:
+    headline: GitHub
+    content: Mensen die de software van IRMA willen bekijken of willen bijdragen aan IRMA kunnen terecht op <a href="https://github.com/privacybydesign" target="_blank">GitHub</a>.
+
 
 ---
diff --git a/uploads/2019/07/30/screenshot.png b/uploads/2019/07/30/screenshot.png
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index c0afdcefb7191c31b0521411623af9d89f10da04..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
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similarity index 100%
rename from uploads/2019/07/30/irma-2-bg.png
rename to uploads/non-free/irma-2-bg.png
diff --git a/uploads/2019/07/30/irma_logo@1x.png b/uploads/non-free/irma_logo@1x.png
similarity index 100%
rename from uploads/2019/07/30/irma_logo@1x.png
rename to uploads/non-free/irma_logo@1x.png
diff --git a/uploads/non-free/login.png b/uploads/non-free/login.png
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diff --git a/uploads/non-free/usecases.png b/uploads/non-free/usecases.png
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diff --git a/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/bin/jekyll b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/bin/jekyll
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..80c4bef4e849e8891198a66a5a778dde810019e4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/bin/jekyll
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env ruby
+#
+# This file was generated by RubyGems.
+#
+# The application 'jekyll' is installed as part of a gem, and
+# this file is here to facilitate running it.
+#
+
+require 'rubygems'
+
+version = ">= 0.a"
+
+if ARGV.first
+  str = ARGV.first
+  str = str.dup.force_encoding("BINARY") if str.respond_to? :force_encoding
+  if str =~ /\A_(.*)_\z/ and Gem::Version.correct?($1) then
+    version = $1
+    ARGV.shift
+  end
+end
+
+load Gem.bin_path('jekyll', 'jekyll', version)
diff --git a/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/bin/kramdown b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/bin/kramdown
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3fc2e03da3e2f2222e03ac388432f1f78c532d18
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/bin/kramdown
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env ruby
+#
+# This file was generated by RubyGems.
+#
+# The application 'kramdown' is installed as part of a gem, and
+# this file is here to facilitate running it.
+#
+
+require 'rubygems'
+
+version = ">= 0.a"
+
+if ARGV.first
+  str = ARGV.first
+  str = str.dup.force_encoding("BINARY") if str.respond_to? :force_encoding
+  if str =~ /\A_(.*)_\z/ and Gem::Version.correct?($1) then
+    version = $1
+    ARGV.shift
+  end
+end
+
+load Gem.bin_path('kramdown', 'kramdown', version)
diff --git a/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/bin/listen b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/bin/listen
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..17b391b1aac1bc301ca8622bf2a631abd67339fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/bin/listen
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env ruby
+#
+# This file was generated by RubyGems.
+#
+# The application 'listen' is installed as part of a gem, and
+# this file is here to facilitate running it.
+#
+
+require 'rubygems'
+
+version = ">= 0.a"
+
+if ARGV.first
+  str = ARGV.first
+  str = str.dup.force_encoding("BINARY") if str.respond_to? :force_encoding
+  if str =~ /\A_(.*)_\z/ and Gem::Version.correct?($1) then
+    version = $1
+    ARGV.shift
+  end
+end
+
+load Gem.bin_path('listen', 'listen', version)
diff --git a/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/bin/rougify b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/bin/rougify
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..93c899f2a74dbd140df60075170951fdf0b17807
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/bin/rougify
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env ruby
+#
+# This file was generated by RubyGems.
+#
+# The application 'rouge' is installed as part of a gem, and
+# this file is here to facilitate running it.
+#
+
+require 'rubygems'
+
+version = ">= 0.a"
+
+if ARGV.first
+  str = ARGV.first
+  str = str.dup.force_encoding("BINARY") if str.respond_to? :force_encoding
+  if str =~ /\A_(.*)_\z/ and Gem::Version.correct?($1) then
+    version = $1
+    ARGV.shift
+  end
+end
+
+load Gem.bin_path('rouge', 'rougify', version)
diff --git a/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/bin/safe_yaml b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/bin/safe_yaml
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..aa92b59ecc5b3cff0ca733a45de8dd0eb98fe9a7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/bin/safe_yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env ruby
+#
+# This file was generated by RubyGems.
+#
+# The application 'safe_yaml' is installed as part of a gem, and
+# this file is here to facilitate running it.
+#
+
+require 'rubygems'
+
+version = ">= 0.a"
+
+if ARGV.first
+  str = ARGV.first
+  str = str.dup.force_encoding("BINARY") if str.respond_to? :force_encoding
+  if str =~ /\A_(.*)_\z/ and Gem::Version.correct?($1) then
+    version = $1
+    ARGV.shift
+  end
+end
+
+load Gem.bin_path('safe_yaml', 'safe_yaml', version)
diff --git a/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/bin/sass b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/bin/sass
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2fdd68ccee8a2a0e5b1d736daf45518a2674f623
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/bin/sass
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env ruby
+#
+# This file was generated by RubyGems.
+#
+# The application 'sass' is installed as part of a gem, and
+# this file is here to facilitate running it.
+#
+
+require 'rubygems'
+
+version = ">= 0.a"
+
+if ARGV.first
+  str = ARGV.first
+  str = str.dup.force_encoding("BINARY") if str.respond_to? :force_encoding
+  if str =~ /\A_(.*)_\z/ and Gem::Version.correct?($1) then
+    version = $1
+    ARGV.shift
+  end
+end
+
+load Gem.bin_path('sass', 'sass', version)
diff --git a/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/bin/sass-convert b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/bin/sass-convert
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0ae7e590078838e8f9d52106c6ea3acc390dd6af
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/bin/sass-convert
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env ruby
+#
+# This file was generated by RubyGems.
+#
+# The application 'sass' is installed as part of a gem, and
+# this file is here to facilitate running it.
+#
+
+require 'rubygems'
+
+version = ">= 0.a"
+
+if ARGV.first
+  str = ARGV.first
+  str = str.dup.force_encoding("BINARY") if str.respond_to? :force_encoding
+  if str =~ /\A_(.*)_\z/ and Gem::Version.correct?($1) then
+    version = $1
+    ARGV.shift
+  end
+end
+
+load Gem.bin_path('sass', 'sass-convert', version)
diff --git a/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/bin/scss b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/bin/scss
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..02d7dbecfc4a0c6f82b14f0892fe8eec48f83396
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/bin/scss
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env ruby
+#
+# This file was generated by RubyGems.
+#
+# The application 'sass' is installed as part of a gem, and
+# this file is here to facilitate running it.
+#
+
+require 'rubygems'
+
+version = ">= 0.a"
+
+if ARGV.first
+  str = ARGV.first
+  str = str.dup.force_encoding("BINARY") if str.respond_to? :force_encoding
+  if str =~ /\A_(.*)_\z/ and Gem::Version.correct?($1) then
+    version = $1
+    ARGV.shift
+  end
+end
+
+load Gem.bin_path('sass', 'scss', version)
diff --git a/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/cache/addressable-2.5.2.gem b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/cache/addressable-2.5.2.gem
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+++ b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/extensions/universal-darwin-18/2.3.0/ffi-1.9.25/gem_make.out
@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
+current directory: /Users/hanna/Documents/GitHub/irma-website/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c
+/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.3/usr/bin/ruby -r ./siteconf20190924-36740-x47nfw.rb extconf.rb
+checking for ffi.h... no
+checking for ffi.h in /usr/local/include,/usr/include/ffi... no
+checking for shlwapi.h... no
+checking for ruby/thread.h... yes
+checking for rb_thread_blocking_region()... no
+checking for rb_thread_call_with_gvl()... yes
+checking for rb_thread_call_without_gvl()... yes
+creating extconf.h
+creating Makefile
+
+To see why this extension failed to compile, please check the mkmf.log which can be found here:
+
+  /Users/hanna/Documents/GitHub/irma-website/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/extensions/universal-darwin-18/2.3.0/ffi-1.9.25/mkmf.log
+
+current directory: /Users/hanna/Documents/GitHub/irma-website/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c
+make "DESTDIR=" clean
+
+current directory: /Users/hanna/Documents/GitHub/irma-website/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c
+make "DESTDIR="
+Configuring libffi
+clang: error: unsupported option '-print-multi-os-directory'
+clang: error: no input files
+cd "/Users/hanna/Documents/GitHub/irma-website/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/libffi-universal-darwin18" && /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/usr/bin/make
+/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/usr/bin/make 'AR_FLAGS=' 'CC_FOR_BUILD=' 'CFLAGS=-Wall -fexceptions' 'CXXFLAGS=-g -O2' 'CFLAGS_FOR_BUILD=' 'CFLAGS_FOR_TARGET=' 'INSTALL=/usr/bin/install -c' 'INSTALL_DATA=/usr/bin/install -c -m 644' 'INSTALL_PROGRAM=/usr/bin/install -c' 'INSTALL_SCRIPT=/usr/bin/install -c' 'JC1FLAGS=' 'LDFLAGS=' 'LIBCFLAGS=' 'LIBCFLAGS_FOR_TARGET=' 'MAKE=/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/usr/bin/make' 'MAKEINFO=/bin/sh /Users/hanna/Documents/GitHub/irma-website/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/libffi/missing makeinfo ' 'PICFLAG=' 'PICFLAG_FOR_TARGET=' 'RUNTESTFLAGS=' 'SHELL=/bin/sh' 'exec_prefix=/usr/local' 'infodir=/usr/local/share/info' 'libdir=/usr/local/lib' 'mandir=/usr/local/share/man' 'prefix=/usr/local' 'AR=ar' 'AS=as' 'CC=xcrun clang' 'CXX=g++' 'LD=ld' 'NM=/usr/bin/nm -B' 'RANLIB=ranlib' 'DESTDIR=' all-recursive
+Making all in include
+make[3]: Nothing to be done for `all'.
+Making all in testsuite
+make[3]: Nothing to be done for `all'.
+Making all in man
+make[3]: Nothing to be done for `all'.
+/bin/sh ./libtool  --tag=CC   --mode=compile xcrun clang -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -I. -I/Users/hanna/Documents/GitHub/irma-website/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/libffi  -I. -I/Users/hanna/Documents/GitHub/irma-website/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/libffi/include -Iinclude -I/Users/hanna/Documents/GitHub/irma-website/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/libffi/src   -Wall -fexceptions -c -o src/prep_cif.lo /Users/hanna/Documents/GitHub/irma-website/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/libffi/src/prep_cif.c
+libtool: compile:  xcrun clang -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -I. -I/Users/hanna/Documents/GitHub/irma-website/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/libffi -I. -I/Users/hanna/Documents/GitHub/irma-website/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/libffi/include -Iinclude -I/Users/hanna/Documents/GitHub/irma-website/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/libffi/src -Wall -fexceptions -c /Users/hanna/Documents/GitHub/irma-website/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/libffi/src/prep_cif.c  -fno-common -DPIC -o src/.libs/prep_cif.o
+/bin/sh ./libtool  --tag=CC   --mode=compile xcrun clang -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -I. -I/Users/hanna/Documents/GitHub/irma-website/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/libffi  -I. -I/Users/hanna/Documents/GitHub/irma-website/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/libffi/include -Iinclude -I/Users/hanna/Documents/GitHub/irma-website/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/libffi/src   -Wall -fexceptions -c -o src/types.lo /Users/hanna/Documents/GitHub/irma-website/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/libffi/src/types.c
+libtool: compile:  xcrun clang -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -I. -I/Users/hanna/Documents/GitHub/irma-website/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/libffi -I. -I/Users/hanna/Documents/GitHub/irma-website/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/libffi/include -Iinclude -I/Users/hanna/Documents/GitHub/irma-website/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/libffi/src -Wall -fexceptions -c /Users/hanna/Documents/GitHub/irma-website/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/libffi/src/types.c  -fno-common -DPIC -o src/.libs/types.o
+/bin/sh ./libtool  --tag=CC   --mode=compile xcrun clang -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -I. -I/Users/hanna/Documents/GitHub/irma-website/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/libffi  -I. -I/Users/hanna/Documents/GitHub/irma-website/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/libffi/include -Iinclude -I/Users/hanna/Documents/GitHub/irma-website/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/libffi/src   -Wall -fexceptions -c -o src/raw_api.lo /Users/hanna/Documents/GitHub/irma-website/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/libffi/src/raw_api.c
+libtool: compile:  xcrun clang -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -I. -I/Users/hanna/Documents/GitHub/irma-website/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/libffi -I. -I/Users/hanna/Documents/GitHub/irma-website/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/libffi/include -Iinclude -I/Users/hanna/Documents/GitHub/irma-website/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/libffi/src -Wall -fexceptions -c /Users/hanna/Documents/GitHub/irma-website/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/libffi/src/raw_api.c  -fno-common -DPIC -o src/.libs/raw_api.o
+/bin/sh ./libtool  --tag=CC   --mode=compile xcrun clang -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -I. -I/Users/hanna/Documents/GitHub/irma-website/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/libffi  -I. -I/Users/hanna/Documents/GitHub/irma-website/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/libffi/include -Iinclude -I/Users/hanna/Documents/GitHub/irma-website/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/libffi/src   -Wall -fexceptions -c -o src/java_raw_api.lo /Users/hanna/Documents/GitHub/irma-website/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/libffi/src/java_raw_api.c
+libtool: compile:  xcrun clang -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -I. -I/Users/hanna/Documents/GitHub/irma-website/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/libffi -I. -I/Users/hanna/Documents/GitHub/irma-website/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/libffi/include -Iinclude -I/Users/hanna/Documents/GitHub/irma-website/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/libffi/src -Wall -fexceptions -c /Users/hanna/Documents/GitHub/irma-website/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/libffi/src/java_raw_api.c  -fno-common -DPIC -o src/.libs/java_raw_api.o
+/bin/sh ./libtool  --tag=CC   --mode=compile xcrun clang -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -I. -I/Users/hanna/Documents/GitHub/irma-website/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/libffi  -I. -I/Users/hanna/Documents/GitHub/irma-website/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/libffi/include -Iinclude -I/Users/hanna/Documents/GitHub/irma-website/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/libffi/src   -Wall -fexceptions -c -o src/closures.lo /Users/hanna/Documents/GitHub/irma-website/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/libffi/src/closures.c
+libtool: compile:  xcrun clang -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -I. -I/Users/hanna/Documents/GitHub/irma-website/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/libffi -I. -I/Users/hanna/Documents/GitHub/irma-website/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/libffi/include -Iinclude -I/Users/hanna/Documents/GitHub/irma-website/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/libffi/src -Wall -fexceptions -c /Users/hanna/Documents/GitHub/irma-website/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/libffi/src/closures.c  -fno-common -DPIC -o src/.libs/closures.o
+/bin/sh ./libtool  --tag=CC   --mode=compile xcrun clang -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -I. -I/Users/hanna/Documents/GitHub/irma-website/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/libffi  -I. -I/Users/hanna/Documents/GitHub/irma-website/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/libffi/include -Iinclude -I/Users/hanna/Documents/GitHub/irma-website/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/libffi/src   -Wall -fexceptions -c -o src/x86/ffi64.lo /Users/hanna/Documents/GitHub/irma-website/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/libffi/src/x86/ffi64.c
+libtool: compile:  xcrun clang -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -I. -I/Users/hanna/Documents/GitHub/irma-website/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/libffi -I. -I/Users/hanna/Documents/GitHub/irma-website/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/libffi/include -Iinclude -I/Users/hanna/Documents/GitHub/irma-website/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/libffi/src -Wall -fexceptions -c /Users/hanna/Documents/GitHub/irma-website/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/libffi/src/x86/ffi64.c  -fno-common -DPIC -o src/x86/.libs/ffi64.o
+/bin/sh ./libtool    --mode=compile xcrun clang -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -I. -I/Users/hanna/Documents/GitHub/irma-website/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/libffi  -I. -I/Users/hanna/Documents/GitHub/irma-website/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/libffi/include -Iinclude -I/Users/hanna/Documents/GitHub/irma-website/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/libffi/src  -I. -I/Users/hanna/Documents/GitHub/irma-website/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/libffi/include -Iinclude -I/Users/hanna/Documents/GitHub/irma-website/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/libffi/src  -c -o src/x86/unix64.lo /Users/hanna/Documents/GitHub/irma-website/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/libffi/src/x86/unix64.S
+libtool: compile:  xcrun clang -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -I. -I/Users/hanna/Documents/GitHub/irma-website/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/libffi -I. -I/Users/hanna/Documents/GitHub/irma-website/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/libffi/include -Iinclude -I/Users/hanna/Documents/GitHub/irma-website/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/libffi/src -I. -I/Users/hanna/Documents/GitHub/irma-website/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/libffi/include -Iinclude -I/Users/hanna/Documents/GitHub/irma-website/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/libffi/src -c /Users/hanna/Documents/GitHub/irma-website/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/libffi/src/x86/unix64.S  -fno-common -DPIC -o src/x86/.libs/unix64.o
+/bin/sh ./libtool  --tag=CC   --mode=compile xcrun clang -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -I. -I/Users/hanna/Documents/GitHub/irma-website/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/libffi  -I. -I/Users/hanna/Documents/GitHub/irma-website/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/libffi/include -Iinclude -I/Users/hanna/Documents/GitHub/irma-website/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/libffi/src   -Wall -fexceptions -c -o src/x86/ffiw64.lo /Users/hanna/Documents/GitHub/irma-website/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/libffi/src/x86/ffiw64.c
+libtool: compile:  xcrun clang -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -I. -I/Users/hanna/Documents/GitHub/irma-website/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/libffi -I. -I/Users/hanna/Documents/GitHub/irma-website/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/libffi/include -Iinclude -I/Users/hanna/Documents/GitHub/irma-website/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/libffi/src -Wall -fexceptions -c /Users/hanna/Documents/GitHub/irma-website/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/libffi/src/x86/ffiw64.c  -fno-common -DPIC -o src/x86/.libs/ffiw64.o
+/bin/sh ./libtool    --mode=compile xcrun clang -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -I. -I/Users/hanna/Documents/GitHub/irma-website/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/libffi  -I. -I/Users/hanna/Documents/GitHub/irma-website/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/libffi/include -Iinclude -I/Users/hanna/Documents/GitHub/irma-website/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/libffi/src  -I. -I/Users/hanna/Documents/GitHub/irma-website/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/libffi/include -Iinclude -I/Users/hanna/Documents/GitHub/irma-website/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/libffi/src  -c -o src/x86/win64.lo /Users/hanna/Documents/GitHub/irma-website/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/libffi/src/x86/win64.S
+libtool: compile:  xcrun clang -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -I. -I/Users/hanna/Documents/GitHub/irma-website/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/libffi -I. -I/Users/hanna/Documents/GitHub/irma-website/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/libffi/include -Iinclude -I/Users/hanna/Documents/GitHub/irma-website/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/libffi/src -I. -I/Users/hanna/Documents/GitHub/irma-website/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/libffi/include -Iinclude -I/Users/hanna/Documents/GitHub/irma-website/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/libffi/src -c /Users/hanna/Documents/GitHub/irma-website/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/libffi/src/x86/win64.S  -fno-common -DPIC -o src/x86/.libs/win64.o
+/bin/sh ./libtool  --tag=CC   --mode=link xcrun clang  -Wall -fexceptions   -o libffi_convenience.la  src/prep_cif.lo src/types.lo src/raw_api.lo src/java_raw_api.lo src/closures.lo   src/x86/ffi64.lo src/x86/unix64.lo src/x86/ffiw64.lo src/x86/win64.lo 
+libtool: link: ar cru .libs/libffi_convenience.a src/.libs/prep_cif.o src/.libs/types.o src/.libs/raw_api.o src/.libs/java_raw_api.o src/.libs/closures.o src/x86/.libs/ffi64.o src/x86/.libs/unix64.o src/x86/.libs/ffiw64.o src/x86/.libs/win64.o 
+libtool: link: ranlib .libs/libffi_convenience.a
+libtool: link: ( cd ".libs" && rm -f "libffi_convenience.la" && ln -s "../libffi_convenience.la" "libffi_convenience.la" )
+/bin/sh ./libtool  --tag=CC   --mode=link xcrun clang  -Wall -fexceptions -no-undefined -version-info `grep -v '^#' /Users/hanna/Documents/GitHub/irma-website/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/libffi/libtool-version`     -o libffi.la -rpath /usr/local/lib src/prep_cif.lo src/types.lo src/raw_api.lo src/java_raw_api.lo src/closures.lo  src/x86/ffi64.lo src/x86/unix64.lo src/x86/ffiw64.lo src/x86/win64.lo 
+libtool: link: xcrun clang -dynamiclib  -o .libs/libffi.7.dylib  src/.libs/prep_cif.o src/.libs/types.o src/.libs/raw_api.o src/.libs/java_raw_api.o src/.libs/closures.o src/x86/.libs/ffi64.o src/x86/.libs/unix64.o src/x86/.libs/ffiw64.o src/x86/.libs/win64.o      -install_name  /usr/local/lib/libffi.7.dylib -compatibility_version 9 -current_version 9.0 -Wl,-single_module
+ld: warning: could not create compact unwind for _ffi_call_unix64: does not use RBP or RSP based frame
+libtool: link: (cd ".libs" && rm -f "libffi.dylib" && ln -s "libffi.7.dylib" "libffi.dylib")
+libtool: link: ( cd ".libs" && rm -f "libffi.la" && ln -s "../libffi.la" "libffi.la" )
+compiling AbstractMemory.c
+compiling ArrayType.c
+compiling Buffer.c
+compiling Call.c
+compiling ClosurePool.c
+compiling DataConverter.c
+compiling DynamicLibrary.c
+compiling Function.c
+Function.c:951:17: warning: 'ffi_prep_closure' is deprecated [-Wdeprecated-declarations]
+    ffiStatus = ffi_prep_closure(code, &fnInfo->ffi_cif, callback_invoke, closure);
+                ^
+/Users/hanna/Documents/GitHub/irma-website/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/libffi-universal-darwin18/include/ffi.h:339:18: note: 'ffi_prep_closure' has been explicitly marked deprecated here
+  __attribute__((deprecated))
+                 ^
+1 warning generated.
+compiling FunctionInfo.c
+compiling LastError.c
+compiling LongDouble.c
+compiling MappedType.c
+compiling MemoryPointer.c
+compiling MethodHandle.c
+compiling Platform.c
+compiling Pointer.c
+compiling Struct.c
+compiling StructByReference.c
+compiling StructByValue.c
+compiling StructLayout.c
+compiling Thread.c
+compiling Type.c
+compiling Types.c
+compiling Variadic.c
+compiling ffi.c
+linking shared-object ffi_c.bundle
+ld: warning: could not create compact unwind for _ffi_call_unix64: does not use RBP or RSP based frame
+
+current directory: /Users/hanna/Documents/GitHub/irma-website/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c
+make "DESTDIR=" install
+cd "/Users/hanna/Documents/GitHub/irma-website/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/libffi-universal-darwin18" && /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/usr/bin/make
+/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/usr/bin/make 'AR_FLAGS=' 'CC_FOR_BUILD=' 'CFLAGS=-Wall -fexceptions' 'CXXFLAGS=-g -O2' 'CFLAGS_FOR_BUILD=' 'CFLAGS_FOR_TARGET=' 'INSTALL=/usr/bin/install -c' 'INSTALL_DATA=/usr/bin/install -c -m 644' 'INSTALL_PROGRAM=/usr/bin/install -c' 'INSTALL_SCRIPT=/usr/bin/install -c' 'JC1FLAGS=' 'LDFLAGS=' 'LIBCFLAGS=' 'LIBCFLAGS_FOR_TARGET=' 'MAKE=/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/usr/bin/make' 'MAKEINFO=/bin/sh /Users/hanna/Documents/GitHub/irma-website/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/libffi/missing makeinfo ' 'PICFLAG=' 'PICFLAG_FOR_TARGET=' 'RUNTESTFLAGS=' 'SHELL=/bin/sh' 'exec_prefix=/usr/local' 'infodir=/usr/local/share/info' 'libdir=/usr/local/lib' 'mandir=/usr/local/share/man' 'prefix=/usr/local' 'AR=ar' 'AS=as' 'CC=xcrun clang' 'CXX=g++' 'LD=ld' 'NM=/usr/bin/nm -B' 'RANLIB=ranlib' 'DESTDIR=' all-recursive
+Making all in include
+make[3]: Nothing to be done for `all'.
+Making all in testsuite
+make[3]: Nothing to be done for `all'.
+Making all in man
+make[3]: Nothing to be done for `all'.
+make[3]: Nothing to be done for `all-am'.
+compiling AbstractMemory.c
+compiling ArrayType.c
+compiling Buffer.c
+compiling Call.c
+compiling ClosurePool.c
+compiling DataConverter.c
+compiling DynamicLibrary.c
+compiling Function.c
+Function.c:951:17: warning: 'ffi_prep_closure' is deprecated [-Wdeprecated-declarations]
+    ffiStatus = ffi_prep_closure(code, &fnInfo->ffi_cif, callback_invoke, closure);
+                ^
+/Users/hanna/Documents/GitHub/irma-website/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/libffi-universal-darwin18/include/ffi.h:339:18: note: 'ffi_prep_closure' has been explicitly marked deprecated here
+  __attribute__((deprecated))
+                 ^
+1 warning generated.
+compiling FunctionInfo.c
+compiling LastError.c
+compiling LongDouble.c
+compiling MappedType.c
+compiling MemoryPointer.c
+compiling MethodHandle.c
+compiling Platform.c
+compiling Pointer.c
+compiling Struct.c
+compiling StructByReference.c
+compiling StructByValue.c
+compiling StructLayout.c
+compiling Thread.c
+compiling Type.c
+compiling Types.c
+compiling Variadic.c
+compiling ffi.c
+linking shared-object ffi_c.bundle
+ld: warning: could not create compact unwind for _ffi_call_unix64: does not use RBP or RSP based frame
+/usr/bin/install -c -m 0755 ffi_c.bundle ./.gem.20190924-36740-x1wmd8
diff --git a/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/extensions/universal-darwin-18/2.3.0/ffi-1.9.25/mkmf.log b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/extensions/universal-darwin-18/2.3.0/ffi-1.9.25/mkmf.log
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1fdbe02e8f1efef4c5013804c66869f3f32307ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/extensions/universal-darwin-18/2.3.0/ffi-1.9.25/mkmf.log
@@ -0,0 +1,250 @@
+"pkg-config --exists libffi"
+package configuration for libffi is not found
+have_header: checking for ffi.h... -------------------- no
+
+"xcrun clang -o conftest -I/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.14.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.3/usr/include/ruby-2.3.0/universal-darwin18 -I/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.14.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.3/usr/include/ruby-2.3.0/ruby/backward -I/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.14.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.3/usr/include/ruby-2.3.0 -I. -D_XOPEN_SOURCE -D_DARWIN_C_SOURCE -D_DARWIN_UNLIMITED_SELECT -D_REENTRANT    -g -Os -pipe -DHAVE_GCC_ATOMIC_BUILTINS conftest.c  -L. -L/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.3/usr/lib -L.     -lruby.2.3.0  -lpthread -ldl -lobjc "
+checked program was:
+/* begin */
+1: #include "ruby.h"
+2: 
+3: int main(int argc, char **argv)
+4: {
+5:   return 0;
+6: }
+/* end */
+
+"xcrun clang -I/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.14.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.3/usr/include/ruby-2.3.0/universal-darwin18 -I/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.14.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.3/usr/include/ruby-2.3.0/ruby/backward -I/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.14.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.3/usr/include/ruby-2.3.0 -I. -D_XOPEN_SOURCE -D_DARWIN_C_SOURCE -D_DARWIN_UNLIMITED_SELECT -D_REENTRANT    -g -Os -pipe -DHAVE_GCC_ATOMIC_BUILTINS   -c conftest.c"
+conftest.c:3:10: fatal error: 'ffi.h' file not found
+#include <ffi.h>
+         ^~~~~~~
+1 error generated.
+checked program was:
+/* begin */
+1: #include "ruby.h"
+2: 
+3: #include <ffi.h>
+/* end */
+
+--------------------
+
+find_header: checking for ffi.h in /usr/local/include,/usr/include/ffi... -------------------- no
+
+"xcrun clang -I/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.14.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.3/usr/include/ruby-2.3.0/universal-darwin18 -I/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.14.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.3/usr/include/ruby-2.3.0/ruby/backward -I/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.14.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.3/usr/include/ruby-2.3.0 -I. -D_XOPEN_SOURCE -D_DARWIN_C_SOURCE -D_DARWIN_UNLIMITED_SELECT -D_REENTRANT    -g -Os -pipe -DHAVE_GCC_ATOMIC_BUILTINS   -c conftest.c"
+conftest.c:3:10: fatal error: 'ffi.h' file not found
+#include <ffi.h>
+         ^~~~~~~
+1 error generated.
+checked program was:
+/* begin */
+1: #include "ruby.h"
+2: 
+3: #include <ffi.h>
+/* end */
+
+"xcrun clang -I/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.14.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.3/usr/include/ruby-2.3.0/universal-darwin18 -I/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.14.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.3/usr/include/ruby-2.3.0/ruby/backward -I/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.14.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.3/usr/include/ruby-2.3.0 -I. -D_XOPEN_SOURCE -D_DARWIN_C_SOURCE -D_DARWIN_UNLIMITED_SELECT -D_REENTRANT    -g -Os -pipe -DHAVE_GCC_ATOMIC_BUILTINS  -I/usr/local/include -c conftest.c"
+conftest.c:3:10: fatal error: 'ffi.h' file not found
+#include <ffi.h>
+         ^~~~~~~
+1 error generated.
+checked program was:
+/* begin */
+1: #include "ruby.h"
+2: 
+3: #include <ffi.h>
+/* end */
+
+"xcrun clang -I/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.14.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.3/usr/include/ruby-2.3.0/universal-darwin18 -I/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.14.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.3/usr/include/ruby-2.3.0/ruby/backward -I/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.14.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.3/usr/include/ruby-2.3.0 -I. -D_XOPEN_SOURCE -D_DARWIN_C_SOURCE -D_DARWIN_UNLIMITED_SELECT -D_REENTRANT    -g -Os -pipe -DHAVE_GCC_ATOMIC_BUILTINS  -I/usr/include/ffi -c conftest.c"
+conftest.c:3:10: fatal error: 'ffi.h' file not found
+#include <ffi.h>
+         ^~~~~~~
+1 error generated.
+checked program was:
+/* begin */
+1: #include "ruby.h"
+2: 
+3: #include <ffi.h>
+/* end */
+
+--------------------
+
+have_header: checking for shlwapi.h... -------------------- no
+
+"xcrun clang -I/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.14.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.3/usr/include/ruby-2.3.0/universal-darwin18 -I/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.14.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.3/usr/include/ruby-2.3.0/ruby/backward -I/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.14.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.3/usr/include/ruby-2.3.0 -I. -D_XOPEN_SOURCE -D_DARWIN_C_SOURCE -D_DARWIN_UNLIMITED_SELECT -D_REENTRANT    -g -Os -pipe -DHAVE_GCC_ATOMIC_BUILTINS   -c conftest.c"
+conftest.c:3:10: fatal error: 'shlwapi.h' file not found
+#include <shlwapi.h>
+         ^~~~~~~~~~~
+1 error generated.
+checked program was:
+/* begin */
+1: #include "ruby.h"
+2: 
+3: #include <shlwapi.h>
+/* end */
+
+--------------------
+
+have_header: checking for ruby/thread.h... -------------------- yes
+
+"xcrun clang -I/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.14.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.3/usr/include/ruby-2.3.0/universal-darwin18 -I/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.14.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.3/usr/include/ruby-2.3.0/ruby/backward -I/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.14.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.3/usr/include/ruby-2.3.0 -I. -D_XOPEN_SOURCE -D_DARWIN_C_SOURCE -D_DARWIN_UNLIMITED_SELECT -D_REENTRANT    -g -Os -pipe -DHAVE_GCC_ATOMIC_BUILTINS   -c conftest.c"
+checked program was:
+/* begin */
+1: #include "ruby.h"
+2: 
+3: #include <ruby/thread.h>
+/* end */
+
+--------------------
+
+have_func: checking for rb_thread_blocking_region()... -------------------- no
+
+"xcrun clang -o conftest -I/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.14.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.3/usr/include/ruby-2.3.0/universal-darwin18 -I/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.14.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.3/usr/include/ruby-2.3.0/ruby/backward -I/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.14.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.3/usr/include/ruby-2.3.0 -I. -D_XOPEN_SOURCE -D_DARWIN_C_SOURCE -D_DARWIN_UNLIMITED_SELECT -D_REENTRANT    -g -Os -pipe -DHAVE_GCC_ATOMIC_BUILTINS conftest.c  -L. -L/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.3/usr/lib -L.     -lruby.2.3.0  -lpthread -ldl -lobjc "
+conftest.c:13:57: error: use of undeclared identifier 'rb_thread_blocking_region'
+int t(void) { void ((*volatile p)()); p = (void ((*)()))rb_thread_blocking_region; return !p; }
+                                                        ^
+1 error generated.
+checked program was:
+/* begin */
+ 1: #include "ruby.h"
+ 2: 
+ 3: /*top*/
+ 4: extern int t(void);
+ 5: int main(int argc, char **argv)
+ 6: {
+ 7:   if (argc > 1000000) {
+ 8:     printf("%p", &t);
+ 9:   }
+10: 
+11:   return 0;
+12: }
+13: int t(void) { void ((*volatile p)()); p = (void ((*)()))rb_thread_blocking_region; return !p; }
+/* end */
+
+"xcrun clang -o conftest -I/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.14.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.3/usr/include/ruby-2.3.0/universal-darwin18 -I/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.14.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.3/usr/include/ruby-2.3.0/ruby/backward -I/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.14.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.3/usr/include/ruby-2.3.0 -I. -D_XOPEN_SOURCE -D_DARWIN_C_SOURCE -D_DARWIN_UNLIMITED_SELECT -D_REENTRANT    -g -Os -pipe -DHAVE_GCC_ATOMIC_BUILTINS conftest.c  -L. -L/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.3/usr/lib -L.     -lruby.2.3.0  -lpthread -ldl -lobjc "
+Undefined symbols for architecture x86_64:
+  "_rb_thread_blocking_region", referenced from:
+      _t in conftest-4e6b3e.o
+ld: symbol(s) not found for architecture x86_64
+clang: error: linker command failed with exit code 1 (use -v to see invocation)
+checked program was:
+/* begin */
+ 1: #include "ruby.h"
+ 2: 
+ 3: /*top*/
+ 4: extern int t(void);
+ 5: int main(int argc, char **argv)
+ 6: {
+ 7:   if (argc > 1000000) {
+ 8:     printf("%p", &t);
+ 9:   }
+10: 
+11:   return 0;
+12: }
+13: extern void rb_thread_blocking_region();
+14: int t(void) { rb_thread_blocking_region(); return 0; }
+/* end */
+
+--------------------
+
+have_func: checking for rb_thread_call_with_gvl()... -------------------- yes
+
+"xcrun clang -o conftest -I/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.14.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.3/usr/include/ruby-2.3.0/universal-darwin18 -I/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.14.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.3/usr/include/ruby-2.3.0/ruby/backward -I/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.14.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.3/usr/include/ruby-2.3.0 -I. -D_XOPEN_SOURCE -D_DARWIN_C_SOURCE -D_DARWIN_UNLIMITED_SELECT -D_REENTRANT    -g -Os -pipe -DHAVE_GCC_ATOMIC_BUILTINS conftest.c  -L. -L/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.3/usr/lib -L.     -lruby.2.3.0  -lpthread -ldl -lobjc "
+conftest.c:13:57: error: use of undeclared identifier 'rb_thread_call_with_gvl'
+int t(void) { void ((*volatile p)()); p = (void ((*)()))rb_thread_call_with_gvl; return !p; }
+                                                        ^
+1 error generated.
+checked program was:
+/* begin */
+ 1: #include "ruby.h"
+ 2: 
+ 3: /*top*/
+ 4: extern int t(void);
+ 5: int main(int argc, char **argv)
+ 6: {
+ 7:   if (argc > 1000000) {
+ 8:     printf("%p", &t);
+ 9:   }
+10: 
+11:   return 0;
+12: }
+13: int t(void) { void ((*volatile p)()); p = (void ((*)()))rb_thread_call_with_gvl; return !p; }
+/* end */
+
+"xcrun clang -o conftest -I/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.14.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.3/usr/include/ruby-2.3.0/universal-darwin18 -I/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.14.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.3/usr/include/ruby-2.3.0/ruby/backward -I/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.14.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.3/usr/include/ruby-2.3.0 -I. -D_XOPEN_SOURCE -D_DARWIN_C_SOURCE -D_DARWIN_UNLIMITED_SELECT -D_REENTRANT    -g -Os -pipe -DHAVE_GCC_ATOMIC_BUILTINS conftest.c  -L. -L/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.3/usr/lib -L.     -lruby.2.3.0  -lpthread -ldl -lobjc "
+checked program was:
+/* begin */
+ 1: #include "ruby.h"
+ 2: 
+ 3: /*top*/
+ 4: extern int t(void);
+ 5: int main(int argc, char **argv)
+ 6: {
+ 7:   if (argc > 1000000) {
+ 8:     printf("%p", &t);
+ 9:   }
+10: 
+11:   return 0;
+12: }
+13: extern void rb_thread_call_with_gvl();
+14: int t(void) { rb_thread_call_with_gvl(); return 0; }
+/* end */
+
+--------------------
+
+have_func: checking for rb_thread_call_without_gvl()... -------------------- yes
+
+"xcrun clang -o conftest -I/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.14.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.3/usr/include/ruby-2.3.0/universal-darwin18 -I/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.14.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.3/usr/include/ruby-2.3.0/ruby/backward -I/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.14.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.3/usr/include/ruby-2.3.0 -I. -D_XOPEN_SOURCE -D_DARWIN_C_SOURCE -D_DARWIN_UNLIMITED_SELECT -D_REENTRANT    -g -Os -pipe -DHAVE_GCC_ATOMIC_BUILTINS conftest.c  -L. -L/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.3/usr/lib -L.     -lruby.2.3.0  -lpthread -ldl -lobjc "
+conftest.c:13:57: error: use of undeclared identifier 'rb_thread_call_without_gvl'
+int t(void) { void ((*volatile p)()); p = (void ((*)()))rb_thread_call_without_gvl; return !p; }
+                                                        ^
+1 error generated.
+checked program was:
+/* begin */
+ 1: #include "ruby.h"
+ 2: 
+ 3: /*top*/
+ 4: extern int t(void);
+ 5: int main(int argc, char **argv)
+ 6: {
+ 7:   if (argc > 1000000) {
+ 8:     printf("%p", &t);
+ 9:   }
+10: 
+11:   return 0;
+12: }
+13: int t(void) { void ((*volatile p)()); p = (void ((*)()))rb_thread_call_without_gvl; return !p; }
+/* end */
+
+"xcrun clang -o conftest -I/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.14.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.3/usr/include/ruby-2.3.0/universal-darwin18 -I/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.14.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.3/usr/include/ruby-2.3.0/ruby/backward -I/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.14.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.3/usr/include/ruby-2.3.0 -I. -D_XOPEN_SOURCE -D_DARWIN_C_SOURCE -D_DARWIN_UNLIMITED_SELECT -D_REENTRANT    -g -Os -pipe -DHAVE_GCC_ATOMIC_BUILTINS conftest.c  -L. -L/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.3/usr/lib -L.     -lruby.2.3.0  -lpthread -ldl -lobjc "
+checked program was:
+/* begin */
+ 1: #include "ruby.h"
+ 2: 
+ 3: /*top*/
+ 4: extern int t(void);
+ 5: int main(int argc, char **argv)
+ 6: {
+ 7:   if (argc > 1000000) {
+ 8:     printf("%p", &t);
+ 9:   }
+10: 
+11:   return 0;
+12: }
+13: extern void rb_thread_call_without_gvl();
+14: int t(void) { rb_thread_call_without_gvl(); return 0; }
+/* end */
+
+--------------------
+
+extconf.h is:
+/* begin */
+1: #ifndef EXTCONF_H
+2: #define EXTCONF_H
+3: #define HAVE_RUBY_THREAD_H 1
+4: #define HAVE_RB_THREAD_CALL_WITH_GVL 1
+5: #define HAVE_RB_THREAD_CALL_WITHOUT_GVL 1
+6: #define HAVE_FFI_PREP_CIF_VAR 1
+7: #define USE_INTERNAL_LIBFFI 1
+8: #define RUBY_1_9 1
+9: #endif
+/* end */
+
diff --git a/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/addressable-2.5.2/CHANGELOG.md b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/addressable-2.5.2/CHANGELOG.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..12cacd253fc4d943f0e3e4a3e4523a34ad5a5ad8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/addressable-2.5.2/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -0,0 +1,216 @@
+# Addressable 2.5.2
+- better support for frozen string literals
+- fixed bug w/ uppercase characters in scheme
+- IDNA errors w/ emoji URLs
+- compatibility w/ public_suffix 3.x
+
+# Addressable 2.5.1
+- allow unicode normalization to be disabled for URI Template expansion
+- removed duplicate test
+
+# Addressable 2.5.0
+- dropping support for Ruby 1.9
+- adding support for Ruby 2.4 preview
+- add support for public suffixes and tld; first runtime dependency
+- hostname escaping should match RFC; underscores in hostnames no longer escaped
+- paths beginning with // and missing an authority are now considered invalid
+- validation now also takes place after setting a path
+- handle backslashes in authority more like a browser for `heuristic_parse`
+- unescaped backslashes in host now raise an `InvalidURIError`
+- `merge!`, `join!`, `omit!` and `normalize!` don't disable deferred validation
+- `heuristic_parse` now trims whitespace before parsing
+- host parts longer than 63 bytes will be ignored and not passed to libidn
+- normalized values always encoded as UTF-8
+
+# Addressable 2.4.0
+- support for 1.8.x dropped
+- double quotes in a host now raises an error
+- newlines in host will no longer get unescaped during normalization
+- stricter handling of bogus scheme values
+- stricter handling of encoded port values
+- calling `require 'addressable'` will now load both the URI and Template files
+- assigning to the `hostname` component with an `IPAddr` object is now supported
+- assigning to the `origin` component is now supported
+- fixed minor bug where an exception would be thrown for a missing ACE suffix
+- better partial expansion of URI templates
+
+# Addressable 2.3.8
+- fix warnings
+- update dependency gems
+- support for 1.8.x officially deprecated
+
+# Addressable 2.3.7
+- fix scenario in which invalid URIs don't get an exception until inspected
+- handle hostnames with two adjacent periods correctly
+- upgrade of RSpec
+
+# Addressable 2.3.6
+- normalization drops empty query string
+- better handling in template extract for missing values
+- template modifier for `'?'` now treated as optional
+- fixed issue where character class parameters were modified
+- templates can now be tested for equality
+- added `:sorted` option to normalization of query strings
+- fixed issue with normalization of hosts given in `'example.com.'` form
+
+# Addressable 2.3.5
+- added Addressable::URI#empty? method
+- Addressable::URI#hostname methods now strip square brackets from IPv6 hosts
+- compatibility with Net::HTTP in Ruby 2.0.0
+- Addressable::URI#route_from should always give relative URIs
+
+# Addressable 2.3.4
+- fixed issue with encoding altering its inputs
+- query string normalization now leaves ';' characters alone
+- FakeFS is detected before attempting to load unicode tables
+- additional testing to ensure frozen objects don't cause problems
+
+# Addressable 2.3.3
+- fixed issue with converting common primitives during template expansion
+- fixed port encoding issue
+- removed a few warnings
+- normalize should now ignore %2B in query strings
+- the IDNA logic should now be handled by libidn in Ruby 1.9
+- no template match should now result in nil instead of an empty MatchData
+- added license information to gemspec
+
+# Addressable 2.3.2
+- added Addressable::URI#default_port method
+- fixed issue with Marshalling Unicode data on Windows
+- improved heuristic parsing to better handle IPv4 addresses
+
+# Addressable 2.3.1
+- fixed missing unicode data file
+
+# Addressable 2.3.0
+- updated Addressable::Template to use RFC 6570, level 4
+- fixed compatibility problems with some versions of Ruby
+- moved unicode tables into a data file for performance reasons
+- removing support for multiple query value notations
+
+# Addressable 2.2.8
+- fixed issues with dot segment removal code
+- form encoding can now handle multiple values per key
+- updated development environment
+
+# Addressable 2.2.7
+- fixed issues related to Addressable::URI#query_values=
+- the Addressable::URI.parse method is now polymorphic
+
+# Addressable 2.2.6
+- changed the way ambiguous paths are handled
+- fixed bug with frozen URIs
+- https supported in heuristic parsing
+
+# Addressable 2.2.5
+- 'parsing' a pre-parsed URI object is now a dup operation
+- introduced conditional support for libidn
+- fixed normalization issue on ampersands in query strings
+- added additional tests around handling of query strings
+
+# Addressable 2.2.4
+- added origin support from draft-ietf-websec-origin-00
+- resolved issue with attempting to navigate below root
+- fixed bug with string splitting in query strings
+
+# Addressable 2.2.3
+- added :flat_array notation for query strings
+
+# Addressable 2.2.2
+- fixed issue with percent escaping of '+' character in query strings
+
+# Addressable 2.2.1
+- added support for application/x-www-form-urlencoded.
+
+# Addressable 2.2.0
+- added site methods
+- improved documentation
+
+# Addressable 2.1.2
+- added HTTP request URI methods
+- better handling of Windows file paths
+- validation_deferred boolean replaced with defer_validation block
+- normalization of percent-encoded paths should now be correct
+- fixed issue with constructing URIs with relative paths
+- fixed warnings
+
+# Addressable 2.1.1
+- more type checking changes
+- fixed issue with unicode normalization
+- added method to find template defaults
+- symbolic keys are now allowed in template mappings
+- numeric values and symbolic values are now allowed in template mappings
+
+# Addressable 2.1.0
+- refactored URI template support out into its own class
+- removed extract method due to being useless and unreliable
+- removed Addressable::URI.expand_template
+- removed Addressable::URI#extract_mapping
+- added partial template expansion
+- fixed minor bugs in the parse and heuristic_parse methods
+- fixed incompatibility with Ruby 1.9.1
+- fixed bottleneck in Addressable::URI#hash and Addressable::URI#to_s
+- fixed unicode normalization exception
+- updated query_values methods to better handle subscript notation
+- worked around issue with freezing URIs
+- improved specs
+
+# Addressable 2.0.2
+- fixed issue with URI template expansion
+- fixed issue with percent escaping characters 0-15
+
+# Addressable 2.0.1
+- fixed issue with query string assignment
+- fixed issue with improperly encoded components
+
+# Addressable 2.0.0
+- the initialize method now takes an options hash as its only parameter
+- added query_values method to URI class
+- completely replaced IDNA implementation with pure Ruby
+- renamed Addressable::ADDRESSABLE_VERSION to Addressable::VERSION
+- completely reworked the Rakefile
+- changed the behavior of the port method significantly
+- Addressable::URI.encode_segment, Addressable::URI.unencode_segment renamed
+- documentation is now in YARD format
+- more rigorous type checking
+- to_str method implemented, implicit conversion to Strings now allowed
+- Addressable::URI#omit method added, Addressable::URI#merge method replaced
+- updated URI Template code to match v 03 of the draft spec
+- added a bunch of new specifications
+
+# Addressable 1.0.4
+- switched to using RSpec's pending system for specs that rely on IDN
+- fixed issue with creating URIs with paths that are not prefixed with '/'
+
+# Addressable 1.0.3
+- implemented a hash method
+
+# Addressable 1.0.2
+- fixed minor bug with the extract_mapping method
+
+# Addressable 1.0.1
+- fixed minor bug with the extract_mapping method
+
+# Addressable 1.0.0
+- heuristic parse method added
+- parsing is slightly more strict
+- replaced to_h with to_hash
+- fixed routing methods
+- improved specifications
+- improved heckle rake task
+- no surviving heckle mutations
+
+# Addressable 0.1.2
+- improved normalization
+- fixed bug in joining algorithm
+- updated specifications
+
+# Addressable 0.1.1
+- updated documentation
+- added URI Template variable extraction
+
+# Addressable 0.1.0
+- initial release
+- implementation based on RFC 3986, 3987
+- support for IRIs via libidn
+- support for the URI Template draft spec
diff --git a/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/addressable-2.5.2/Gemfile b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/addressable-2.5.2/Gemfile
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c2344b6552ac6ef6b354c7cc7f6d9e2fd46d398f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/addressable-2.5.2/Gemfile
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+source 'https://rubygems.org'
+
+gemspec
+
+group :test do
+  gem 'rspec', '~> 3.0'
+  gem 'rspec-its', '~> 1.1'
+end
+
+group :development do
+  gem 'launchy', '~> 2.4', '>= 2.4.3'
+  gem 'redcarpet', :platform => :mri_19
+  gem 'yard'
+end
+
+group :test, :development do
+  gem 'rake', '> 10.0', '< 12'
+  gem 'simplecov', :require => false
+  gem 'coveralls', :require => false, :platforms => [
+    :ruby_20, :ruby_21, :ruby_22, :ruby_23
+  ]
+  # Used to test compatibility.
+  gem 'rack-mount', git: 'https://github.com/sporkmonger/rack-mount.git', require: 'rack/mount'
+
+  if RUBY_VERSION.start_with?('2.0', '2.1')
+    gem 'rack', '< 2', :require => false
+  else
+    gem 'rack', :require => false
+  end
+end
+
+gem 'idn-ruby', :platform => [:mri_20, :mri_21, :mri_22, :mri_23, :mri_24]
diff --git a/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/addressable-2.5.2/LICENSE.txt b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/addressable-2.5.2/LICENSE.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ef51da2b0e8df139a427a56d3c2054c1b5e75118
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/addressable-2.5.2/LICENSE.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,202 @@
+
+                              Apache License
+                        Version 2.0, January 2004
+                     http://www.apache.org/licenses/
+
+TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR USE, REPRODUCTION, AND DISTRIBUTION
+
+1. Definitions.
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+   "License" shall mean the terms and conditions for use, reproduction,
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diff --git a/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/addressable-2.5.2/README.md b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/addressable-2.5.2/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e01fd0eb0242e6cfaf60def440d76b984142922c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/addressable-2.5.2/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+# Addressable
+
+<dl>
+  <dt>Homepage</dt><dd><a href="https://github.com/sporkmonger/addressable">github.com/sporkmonger/addressable</a></dd>
+  <dt>Author</dt><dd><a href="mailto:bob@sporkmonger.com">Bob Aman</a></dd>
+  <dt>Copyright</dt><dd>Copyright © Bob Aman</dd>
+  <dt>License</dt><dd>Apache 2.0</dd>
+</dl>
+
+[![Gem Version](http://img.shields.io/gem/dt/addressable.svg)][gem]
+[![Build Status](https://secure.travis-ci.org/sporkmonger/addressable.svg?branch=master)][travis]
+[![Dependency Status](https://gemnasium.com/sporkmonger/addressable.svg?travis)][gemnasium]
+[![Test Coverage Status](https://img.shields.io/coveralls/sporkmonger/addressable.svg)][coveralls]
+[![Documentation Coverage Status](http://inch-ci.org/github/sporkmonger/addressable.svg?branch=master)][inch]
+
+[gem]: https://rubygems.org/gems/addressable
+[travis]: http://travis-ci.org/sporkmonger/addressable
+[gemnasium]: https://gemnasium.com/sporkmonger/addressable
+[coveralls]: https://coveralls.io/r/sporkmonger/addressable
+[inch]: http://inch-ci.org/github/sporkmonger/addressable
+
+# Description
+
+Addressable is a replacement for the URI implementation that is part of
+Ruby's standard library. It more closely conforms to RFC 3986, RFC 3987, and
+RFC 6570 (level 4), providing support for IRIs and URI templates.
+
+# Reference
+
+- {Addressable::URI}
+- {Addressable::Template}
+
+# Example usage
+
+```ruby
+require "addressable/uri"
+
+uri = Addressable::URI.parse("http://example.com/path/to/resource/")
+uri.scheme
+#=> "http"
+uri.host
+#=> "example.com"
+uri.path
+#=> "/path/to/resource/"
+
+uri = Addressable::URI.parse("http://www.詹姆斯.com/")
+uri.normalize
+#=> #<Addressable::URI:0xc9a4c8 URI:http://www.xn--8ws00zhy3a.com/>
+```
+
+
+# URI Templates
+
+For more details, see [RFC 6570](https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc6570.txt).
+
+
+```ruby
+
+require "addressable/template"
+
+template = Addressable::Template.new("http://example.com/{?query*}/")
+template.expand({
+  "query" => {
+    'foo' => 'bar',
+    'color' => 'red'
+  }
+})
+#=> #<Addressable::URI:0xc9d95c URI:http://example.com/?foo=bar&color=red>
+
+template = Addressable::Template.new("http://example.com/{?one,two,three}")
+template.partial_expand({"one" => "1", "three" => 3}).pattern
+#=> "http://example.com/?one=1{&two}&three=3"
+
+template = Addressable::Template.new(
+  "http://{host}{/segments*}/{?one,two,bogus}{#fragment}"
+)
+uri = Addressable::URI.parse(
+  "http://example.com/a/b/c/?one=1&two=2#foo"
+)
+template.extract(uri)
+#=>
+# {
+#   "host" => "example.com",
+#   "segments" => ["a", "b", "c"],
+#   "one" => "1",
+#   "two" => "2",
+#   "fragment" => "foo"
+# }
+```
+
+# Install
+
+```console
+$ gem install addressable
+```
+
+You may optionally turn on native IDN support by installing libidn and the
+idn gem:
+
+```console
+$ sudo apt-get install idn # Debian/Ubuntu
+$ brew install libidn # OS X
+$ gem install idn-ruby
+```
+
+# Semantic Versioning
+
+This project uses sementic versioning. You can (and should) specify your
+dependency using a pessimistic version constraint covering the major and minor
+values:
+
+```ruby
+spec.add_dependency 'addressable', '~> 2.5'
+```
+
+If you need a specific bug fix, you can also specify minimum tiny versions
+without preventing updates to the latest minor release:
+
+```ruby
+spec.add_dependency 'addressable', '~> 2.3', '>= 2.3.7'
+```
diff --git a/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/addressable-2.5.2/Rakefile b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/addressable-2.5.2/Rakefile
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ffdcb8c525038cbb9f64100022a86cc1003f92bc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/addressable-2.5.2/Rakefile
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+require 'rubygems'
+require 'rake'
+
+require File.join(File.dirname(__FILE__), 'lib', 'addressable', 'version')
+
+PKG_DISPLAY_NAME   = 'Addressable'
+PKG_NAME           = PKG_DISPLAY_NAME.downcase
+PKG_VERSION        = Addressable::VERSION::STRING
+PKG_FILE_NAME      = "#{PKG_NAME}-#{PKG_VERSION}"
+
+RELEASE_NAME       = "REL #{PKG_VERSION}"
+
+PKG_SUMMARY        = "URI Implementation"
+PKG_DESCRIPTION    = <<-TEXT
+Addressable is a replacement for the URI implementation that is part of
+Ruby's standard library. It more closely conforms to the relevant RFCs and
+adds support for IRIs and URI templates.
+TEXT
+
+PKG_FILES = FileList[
+    "lib/**/*", "spec/**/*", "vendor/**/*", "data/**/*",
+    "tasks/**/*",
+    "[A-Z]*", "Rakefile"
+].exclude(/pkg/).exclude(/database\.yml/).
+  exclude(/Gemfile\.lock/).exclude(/[_\.]git$/)
+
+task :default => "spec"
+
+WINDOWS = (RUBY_PLATFORM =~ /mswin|win32|mingw|bccwin|cygwin/) rescue false
+SUDO = WINDOWS ? '' : ('sudo' unless ENV['SUDOLESS'])
+
+Dir['tasks/**/*.rake'].each { |rake| load rake }
diff --git a/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/addressable-2.5.2/data/unicode.data b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/addressable-2.5.2/data/unicode.data
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..cdfc22418a51396f2b89cfc1afb2c892b30d7e3f
Binary files /dev/null and b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/addressable-2.5.2/data/unicode.data differ
diff --git a/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/addressable-2.5.2/lib/addressable.rb b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/addressable-2.5.2/lib/addressable.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f09a05e91aa60a7c91e147510a10162a69bc1af0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/addressable-2.5.2/lib/addressable.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+require 'addressable/uri'
+require 'addressable/template'
diff --git a/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/addressable-2.5.2/lib/addressable/idna.rb b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/addressable-2.5.2/lib/addressable/idna.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c6da1b0667cefac85d6bc14eb0df4d7e5dd33770
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/addressable-2.5.2/lib/addressable/idna.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+# encoding:utf-8
+#--
+# Copyright (C) Bob Aman
+#
+#    Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+#    you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+#    You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#        http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+#    Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+#    distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+#    WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+#    See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+#    limitations under the License.
+#++
+
+
+begin
+  require "addressable/idna/native"
+rescue LoadError
+  # libidn or the idn gem was not available, fall back on a pure-Ruby
+  # implementation...
+  require "addressable/idna/pure"
+end
diff --git a/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/addressable-2.5.2/lib/addressable/idna/native.rb b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/addressable-2.5.2/lib/addressable/idna/native.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e7c22547f4c7a09a1eda049fe57c68cc083faf65
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/addressable-2.5.2/lib/addressable/idna/native.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+# encoding:utf-8
+#--
+# Copyright (C) Bob Aman
+#
+#    Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+#    you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+#    You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#        http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+#    Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+#    distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+#    WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+#    See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+#    limitations under the License.
+#++
+
+
+require "idn"
+
+module Addressable
+  module IDNA
+    def self.punycode_encode(value)
+      IDN::Punycode.encode(value.to_s)
+    end
+
+     def self.punycode_decode(value)
+       IDN::Punycode.decode(value.to_s)
+     end
+
+    def self.unicode_normalize_kc(value)
+      IDN::Stringprep.nfkc_normalize(value.to_s)
+    end
+
+    def self.to_ascii(value)
+      value.to_s.split('.', -1).map do |segment|
+        if segment.size > 0 && segment.size < 64
+          IDN::Idna.toASCII(segment, IDN::Idna::ALLOW_UNASSIGNED)
+        elsif segment.size >= 64
+          segment
+        else
+          ''
+        end
+      end.join('.')
+    end
+
+    def self.to_unicode(value)
+      value.to_s.split('.', -1).map do |segment|
+        if segment.size > 0 && segment.size < 64
+          IDN::Idna.toUnicode(segment, IDN::Idna::ALLOW_UNASSIGNED)
+        elsif segment.size >= 64
+          segment
+        else
+          ''
+        end
+      end.join('.')
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/addressable-2.5.2/lib/addressable/idna/pure.rb b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/addressable-2.5.2/lib/addressable/idna/pure.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..33f026aa340b406c0f8de0431fb2bb89c6d35d5e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/addressable-2.5.2/lib/addressable/idna/pure.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,677 @@
+# encoding:utf-8
+#--
+# Copyright (C) Bob Aman
+#
+#    Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+#    you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+#    You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#        http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+#    Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+#    distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+#    WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+#    See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+#    limitations under the License.
+#++
+
+
+module Addressable
+  module IDNA
+    # This module is loosely based on idn_actionmailer by Mick Staugaard,
+    # the unicode library by Yoshida Masato, and the punycode implementation
+    # by Kazuhiro Nishiyama.  Most of the code was copied verbatim, but
+    # some reformatting was done, and some translation from C was done.
+    #
+    # Without their code to work from as a base, we'd all still be relying
+    # on the presence of libidn.  Which nobody ever seems to have installed.
+    #
+    # Original sources:
+    # http://github.com/staugaard/idn_actionmailer
+    # http://www.yoshidam.net/Ruby.html#unicode
+    # http://rubyforge.org/frs/?group_id=2550
+
+
+    UNICODE_TABLE = File.expand_path(
+      File.join(File.dirname(__FILE__), '../../..', 'data/unicode.data')
+    )
+
+    ACE_PREFIX = "xn--"
+
+    UTF8_REGEX = /\A(?:
+      [\x09\x0A\x0D\x20-\x7E]               # ASCII
+      | [\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]              # non-overlong 2-byte
+      | \xE0[\xA0-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]          # excluding overlongs
+      | [\xE1-\xEC\xEE\xEF][\x80-\xBF]{2}   # straight 3-byte
+      | \xED[\x80-\x9F][\x80-\xBF]          # excluding surrogates
+      | \xF0[\x90-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]{2}       # planes 1-3
+      | [\xF1-\xF3][\x80-\xBF]{3}           # planes 4nil5
+      | \xF4[\x80-\x8F][\x80-\xBF]{2}       # plane 16
+      )*\z/mnx
+
+    UTF8_REGEX_MULTIBYTE = /(?:
+      [\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]                # non-overlong 2-byte
+      | \xE0[\xA0-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]          # excluding overlongs
+      | [\xE1-\xEC\xEE\xEF][\x80-\xBF]{2}   # straight 3-byte
+      | \xED[\x80-\x9F][\x80-\xBF]          # excluding surrogates
+      | \xF0[\x90-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]{2}       # planes 1-3
+      | [\xF1-\xF3][\x80-\xBF]{3}           # planes 4nil5
+      | \xF4[\x80-\x8F][\x80-\xBF]{2}       # plane 16
+      )/mnx
+
+    # :startdoc:
+
+    # Converts from a Unicode internationalized domain name to an ASCII
+    # domain name as described in RFC 3490.
+    def self.to_ascii(input)
+      input = input.to_s unless input.is_a?(String)
+      input = input.dup
+      if input.respond_to?(:force_encoding)
+        input.force_encoding(Encoding::ASCII_8BIT)
+      end
+      if input =~ UTF8_REGEX && input =~ UTF8_REGEX_MULTIBYTE
+        parts = unicode_downcase(input).split('.')
+        parts.map! do |part|
+          if part.respond_to?(:force_encoding)
+            part.force_encoding(Encoding::ASCII_8BIT)
+          end
+          if part =~ UTF8_REGEX && part =~ UTF8_REGEX_MULTIBYTE
+            ACE_PREFIX + punycode_encode(unicode_normalize_kc(part))
+          else
+            part
+          end
+        end
+        parts.join('.')
+      else
+        input
+      end
+    end
+
+    # Converts from an ASCII domain name to a Unicode internationalized
+    # domain name as described in RFC 3490.
+    def self.to_unicode(input)
+      input = input.to_s unless input.is_a?(String)
+      parts = input.split('.')
+      parts.map! do |part|
+        if part =~ /^#{ACE_PREFIX}(.+)/
+          begin
+            punycode_decode(part[/^#{ACE_PREFIX}(.+)/, 1])
+          rescue Addressable::IDNA::PunycodeBadInput
+            # toUnicode is explicitly defined as never-fails by the spec
+            part
+          end
+        else
+          part
+        end
+      end
+      output = parts.join('.')
+      if output.respond_to?(:force_encoding)
+        output.force_encoding(Encoding::UTF_8)
+      end
+      output
+    end
+
+    # Unicode normalization form KC.
+    def self.unicode_normalize_kc(input)
+      input = input.to_s unless input.is_a?(String)
+      unpacked = input.unpack("U*")
+      unpacked =
+        unicode_compose(unicode_sort_canonical(unicode_decompose(unpacked)))
+      return unpacked.pack("U*")
+    end
+
+    ##
+    # Unicode aware downcase method.
+    #
+    # @api private
+    # @param [String] input
+    #   The input string.
+    # @return [String] The downcased result.
+    def self.unicode_downcase(input)
+      input = input.to_s unless input.is_a?(String)
+      unpacked = input.unpack("U*")
+      unpacked.map! { |codepoint| lookup_unicode_lowercase(codepoint) }
+      return unpacked.pack("U*")
+    end
+    (class <<self; private :unicode_downcase; end)
+
+    def self.unicode_compose(unpacked)
+      unpacked_result = []
+      length = unpacked.length
+
+      return unpacked if length == 0
+
+      starter = unpacked[0]
+      starter_cc = lookup_unicode_combining_class(starter)
+      starter_cc = 256 if starter_cc != 0
+      for i in 1...length
+        ch = unpacked[i]
+        cc = lookup_unicode_combining_class(ch)
+
+        if (starter_cc == 0 &&
+            (composite = unicode_compose_pair(starter, ch)) != nil)
+          starter = composite
+          startercc = lookup_unicode_combining_class(composite)
+        else
+          unpacked_result << starter
+          starter = ch
+          startercc = cc
+        end
+      end
+      unpacked_result << starter
+      return unpacked_result
+    end
+    (class <<self; private :unicode_compose; end)
+
+    def self.unicode_compose_pair(ch_one, ch_two)
+      if ch_one >= HANGUL_LBASE && ch_one < HANGUL_LBASE + HANGUL_LCOUNT &&
+          ch_two >= HANGUL_VBASE && ch_two < HANGUL_VBASE + HANGUL_VCOUNT
+        # Hangul L + V
+        return HANGUL_SBASE + (
+          (ch_one - HANGUL_LBASE) * HANGUL_VCOUNT + (ch_two - HANGUL_VBASE)
+        ) * HANGUL_TCOUNT
+      elsif ch_one >= HANGUL_SBASE &&
+          ch_one < HANGUL_SBASE + HANGUL_SCOUNT &&
+          (ch_one - HANGUL_SBASE) % HANGUL_TCOUNT == 0 &&
+          ch_two >= HANGUL_TBASE && ch_two < HANGUL_TBASE + HANGUL_TCOUNT
+           # Hangul LV + T
+        return ch_one + (ch_two - HANGUL_TBASE)
+      end
+
+      p = []
+      ucs4_to_utf8 = lambda do |ch|
+        if ch < 128
+          p << ch
+        elsif ch < 2048
+          p << (ch >> 6 | 192)
+          p << (ch & 63 | 128)
+        elsif ch < 0x10000
+          p << (ch >> 12 | 224)
+          p << (ch >> 6 & 63 | 128)
+          p << (ch & 63 | 128)
+        elsif ch < 0x200000
+          p << (ch >> 18 | 240)
+          p << (ch >> 12 & 63 | 128)
+          p << (ch >> 6 & 63 | 128)
+          p << (ch & 63 | 128)
+        elsif ch < 0x4000000
+          p << (ch >> 24 | 248)
+          p << (ch >> 18 & 63 | 128)
+          p << (ch >> 12 & 63 | 128)
+          p << (ch >> 6 & 63 | 128)
+          p << (ch & 63 | 128)
+        elsif ch < 0x80000000
+          p << (ch >> 30 | 252)
+          p << (ch >> 24 & 63 | 128)
+          p << (ch >> 18 & 63 | 128)
+          p << (ch >> 12 & 63 | 128)
+          p << (ch >> 6 & 63 | 128)
+          p << (ch & 63 | 128)
+        end
+      end
+
+      ucs4_to_utf8.call(ch_one)
+      ucs4_to_utf8.call(ch_two)
+
+      return lookup_unicode_composition(p)
+    end
+    (class <<self; private :unicode_compose_pair; end)
+
+    def self.unicode_sort_canonical(unpacked)
+      unpacked = unpacked.dup
+      i = 1
+      length = unpacked.length
+
+      return unpacked if length < 2
+
+      while i < length
+        last = unpacked[i-1]
+        ch = unpacked[i]
+        last_cc = lookup_unicode_combining_class(last)
+        cc = lookup_unicode_combining_class(ch)
+        if cc != 0 && last_cc != 0 && last_cc > cc
+          unpacked[i] = last
+          unpacked[i-1] = ch
+          i -= 1 if i > 1
+        else
+          i += 1
+        end
+      end
+      return unpacked
+    end
+    (class <<self; private :unicode_sort_canonical; end)
+
+    def self.unicode_decompose(unpacked)
+      unpacked_result = []
+      for cp in unpacked
+        if cp >= HANGUL_SBASE && cp < HANGUL_SBASE + HANGUL_SCOUNT
+          l, v, t = unicode_decompose_hangul(cp)
+          unpacked_result << l
+          unpacked_result << v if v
+          unpacked_result << t if t
+        else
+          dc = lookup_unicode_compatibility(cp)
+          unless dc
+            unpacked_result << cp
+          else
+            unpacked_result.concat(unicode_decompose(dc.unpack("U*")))
+          end
+        end
+      end
+      return unpacked_result
+    end
+    (class <<self; private :unicode_decompose; end)
+
+    def self.unicode_decompose_hangul(codepoint)
+      sindex = codepoint - HANGUL_SBASE;
+      if sindex < 0 || sindex >= HANGUL_SCOUNT
+        l = codepoint
+        v = t = nil
+        return l, v, t
+      end
+      l = HANGUL_LBASE + sindex / HANGUL_NCOUNT
+      v = HANGUL_VBASE + (sindex % HANGUL_NCOUNT) / HANGUL_TCOUNT
+      t = HANGUL_TBASE + sindex % HANGUL_TCOUNT
+      if t == HANGUL_TBASE
+        t = nil
+      end
+      return l, v, t
+    end
+    (class <<self; private :unicode_decompose_hangul; end)
+
+    def self.lookup_unicode_combining_class(codepoint)
+      codepoint_data = UNICODE_DATA[codepoint]
+      (codepoint_data ?
+        (codepoint_data[UNICODE_DATA_COMBINING_CLASS] || 0) :
+        0)
+    end
+    (class <<self; private :lookup_unicode_combining_class; end)
+
+    def self.lookup_unicode_compatibility(codepoint)
+      codepoint_data = UNICODE_DATA[codepoint]
+      (codepoint_data ?
+        codepoint_data[UNICODE_DATA_COMPATIBILITY] : nil)
+    end
+    (class <<self; private :lookup_unicode_compatibility; end)
+
+    def self.lookup_unicode_lowercase(codepoint)
+      codepoint_data = UNICODE_DATA[codepoint]
+      (codepoint_data ?
+        (codepoint_data[UNICODE_DATA_LOWERCASE] || codepoint) :
+        codepoint)
+    end
+    (class <<self; private :lookup_unicode_lowercase; end)
+
+    def self.lookup_unicode_composition(unpacked)
+      return COMPOSITION_TABLE[unpacked]
+    end
+    (class <<self; private :lookup_unicode_composition; end)
+
+    HANGUL_SBASE =  0xac00
+    HANGUL_LBASE =  0x1100
+    HANGUL_LCOUNT = 19
+    HANGUL_VBASE =  0x1161
+    HANGUL_VCOUNT = 21
+    HANGUL_TBASE =  0x11a7
+    HANGUL_TCOUNT = 28
+    HANGUL_NCOUNT = HANGUL_VCOUNT * HANGUL_TCOUNT # 588
+    HANGUL_SCOUNT = HANGUL_LCOUNT * HANGUL_NCOUNT # 11172
+
+    UNICODE_DATA_COMBINING_CLASS = 0
+    UNICODE_DATA_EXCLUSION = 1
+    UNICODE_DATA_CANONICAL = 2
+    UNICODE_DATA_COMPATIBILITY = 3
+    UNICODE_DATA_UPPERCASE = 4
+    UNICODE_DATA_LOWERCASE = 5
+    UNICODE_DATA_TITLECASE = 6
+
+    begin
+      if defined?(FakeFS)
+        fakefs_state = FakeFS.activated?
+        FakeFS.deactivate!
+      end
+      # This is a sparse Unicode table.  Codepoints without entries are
+      # assumed to have the value: [0, 0, nil, nil, nil, nil, nil]
+      UNICODE_DATA = File.open(UNICODE_TABLE, "rb") do |file|
+        Marshal.load(file.read)
+      end
+    ensure
+      if defined?(FakeFS)
+        FakeFS.activate! if fakefs_state
+      end
+    end
+
+    COMPOSITION_TABLE = {}
+    for codepoint, data in UNICODE_DATA
+      canonical = data[UNICODE_DATA_CANONICAL]
+      exclusion = data[UNICODE_DATA_EXCLUSION]
+
+      if canonical && exclusion == 0
+        COMPOSITION_TABLE[canonical.unpack("C*")] = codepoint
+      end
+    end
+
+    UNICODE_MAX_LENGTH = 256
+    ACE_MAX_LENGTH = 256
+
+    PUNYCODE_BASE = 36
+    PUNYCODE_TMIN = 1
+    PUNYCODE_TMAX = 26
+    PUNYCODE_SKEW = 38
+    PUNYCODE_DAMP = 700
+    PUNYCODE_INITIAL_BIAS = 72
+    PUNYCODE_INITIAL_N = 0x80
+    PUNYCODE_DELIMITER = 0x2D
+
+    PUNYCODE_MAXINT = 1 << 64
+
+    PUNYCODE_PRINT_ASCII =
+      "\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n" +
+      "\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n" +
+      " !\"\#$%&'()*+,-./" +
+      "0123456789:;<=>?" +
+      "@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNO" +
+      "PQRSTUVWXYZ[\\]^_" +
+      "`abcdefghijklmno" +
+      "pqrstuvwxyz{|}~\n"
+
+    # Input is invalid.
+    class PunycodeBadInput < StandardError; end
+    # Output would exceed the space provided.
+    class PunycodeBigOutput < StandardError; end
+    # Input needs wider integers to process.
+    class PunycodeOverflow < StandardError; end
+
+    def self.punycode_encode(unicode)
+      unicode = unicode.to_s unless unicode.is_a?(String)
+      input = unicode.unpack("U*")
+      output = [0] * (ACE_MAX_LENGTH + 1)
+      input_length = input.size
+      output_length = [ACE_MAX_LENGTH]
+
+      # Initialize the state
+      n = PUNYCODE_INITIAL_N
+      delta = out = 0
+      max_out = output_length[0]
+      bias = PUNYCODE_INITIAL_BIAS
+
+      # Handle the basic code points:
+      input_length.times do |j|
+        if punycode_basic?(input[j])
+          if max_out - out < 2
+            raise PunycodeBigOutput,
+              "Output would exceed the space provided."
+          end
+          output[out] = input[j]
+          out += 1
+        end
+      end
+
+      h = b = out
+
+      # h is the number of code points that have been handled, b is the
+      # number of basic code points, and out is the number of characters
+      # that have been output.
+
+      if b > 0
+        output[out] = PUNYCODE_DELIMITER
+        out += 1
+      end
+
+      # Main encoding loop:
+
+      while h < input_length
+        # All non-basic code points < n have been
+        # handled already.  Find the next larger one:
+
+        m = PUNYCODE_MAXINT
+        input_length.times do |j|
+          m = input[j] if (n...m) === input[j]
+        end
+
+        # Increase delta enough to advance the decoder's
+        # <n,i> state to <m,0>, but guard against overflow:
+
+        if m - n > (PUNYCODE_MAXINT - delta) / (h + 1)
+          raise PunycodeOverflow, "Input needs wider integers to process."
+        end
+        delta += (m - n) * (h + 1)
+        n = m
+
+        input_length.times do |j|
+          # Punycode does not need to check whether input[j] is basic:
+          if input[j] < n
+            delta += 1
+            if delta == 0
+              raise PunycodeOverflow,
+                "Input needs wider integers to process."
+            end
+          end
+
+          if input[j] == n
+            # Represent delta as a generalized variable-length integer:
+
+            q = delta; k = PUNYCODE_BASE
+            while true
+              if out >= max_out
+                raise PunycodeBigOutput,
+                  "Output would exceed the space provided."
+              end
+              t = (
+                if k <= bias
+                  PUNYCODE_TMIN
+                elsif k >= bias + PUNYCODE_TMAX
+                  PUNYCODE_TMAX
+                else
+                  k - bias
+                end
+              )
+              break if q < t
+              output[out] =
+                punycode_encode_digit(t + (q - t) % (PUNYCODE_BASE - t))
+              out += 1
+              q = (q - t) / (PUNYCODE_BASE - t)
+              k += PUNYCODE_BASE
+            end
+
+            output[out] = punycode_encode_digit(q)
+            out += 1
+            bias = punycode_adapt(delta, h + 1, h == b)
+            delta = 0
+            h += 1
+          end
+        end
+
+        delta += 1
+        n += 1
+      end
+
+      output_length[0] = out
+
+      outlen = out
+      outlen.times do |j|
+        c = output[j]
+        unless c >= 0 && c <= 127
+          raise StandardError, "Invalid output char."
+        end
+        unless PUNYCODE_PRINT_ASCII[c]
+          raise PunycodeBadInput, "Input is invalid."
+        end
+      end
+
+      output[0..outlen].map { |x| x.chr }.join("").sub(/\0+\z/, "")
+    end
+    (class <<self; private :punycode_encode; end)
+
+    def self.punycode_decode(punycode)
+      input = []
+      output = []
+
+      if ACE_MAX_LENGTH * 2 < punycode.size
+        raise PunycodeBigOutput, "Output would exceed the space provided."
+      end
+      punycode.each_byte do |c|
+        unless c >= 0 && c <= 127
+          raise PunycodeBadInput, "Input is invalid."
+        end
+        input.push(c)
+      end
+
+      input_length = input.length
+      output_length = [UNICODE_MAX_LENGTH]
+
+      # Initialize the state
+      n = PUNYCODE_INITIAL_N
+
+      out = i = 0
+      max_out = output_length[0]
+      bias = PUNYCODE_INITIAL_BIAS
+
+      # Handle the basic code points:  Let b be the number of input code
+      # points before the last delimiter, or 0 if there is none, then
+      # copy the first b code points to the output.
+
+      b = 0
+      input_length.times do |j|
+        b = j if punycode_delimiter?(input[j])
+      end
+      if b > max_out
+        raise PunycodeBigOutput, "Output would exceed the space provided."
+      end
+
+      b.times do |j|
+        unless punycode_basic?(input[j])
+          raise PunycodeBadInput, "Input is invalid."
+        end
+        output[out] = input[j]
+        out+=1
+      end
+
+      # Main decoding loop:  Start just after the last delimiter if any
+      # basic code points were copied; start at the beginning otherwise.
+
+      in_ = b > 0 ? b + 1 : 0
+      while in_ < input_length
+
+        # in_ is the index of the next character to be consumed, and
+        # out is the number of code points in the output array.
+
+        # Decode a generalized variable-length integer into delta,
+        # which gets added to i.  The overflow checking is easier
+        # if we increase i as we go, then subtract off its starting
+        # value at the end to obtain delta.
+
+        oldi = i; w = 1; k = PUNYCODE_BASE
+        while true
+          if in_ >= input_length
+            raise PunycodeBadInput, "Input is invalid."
+          end
+          digit = punycode_decode_digit(input[in_])
+          in_+=1
+          if digit >= PUNYCODE_BASE
+            raise PunycodeBadInput, "Input is invalid."
+          end
+          if digit > (PUNYCODE_MAXINT - i) / w
+            raise PunycodeOverflow, "Input needs wider integers to process."
+          end
+          i += digit * w
+          t = (
+            if k <= bias
+              PUNYCODE_TMIN
+            elsif k >= bias + PUNYCODE_TMAX
+              PUNYCODE_TMAX
+            else
+              k - bias
+            end
+          )
+          break if digit < t
+          if w > PUNYCODE_MAXINT / (PUNYCODE_BASE - t)
+            raise PunycodeOverflow, "Input needs wider integers to process."
+          end
+          w *= PUNYCODE_BASE - t
+          k += PUNYCODE_BASE
+        end
+
+        bias = punycode_adapt(i - oldi, out + 1, oldi == 0)
+
+        # I was supposed to wrap around from out + 1 to 0,
+        # incrementing n each time, so we'll fix that now:
+
+        if i / (out + 1) > PUNYCODE_MAXINT - n
+          raise PunycodeOverflow, "Input needs wider integers to process."
+        end
+        n += i / (out + 1)
+        i %= out + 1
+
+        # Insert n at position i of the output:
+
+        # not needed for Punycode:
+        # raise PUNYCODE_INVALID_INPUT if decode_digit(n) <= base
+        if out >= max_out
+          raise PunycodeBigOutput, "Output would exceed the space provided."
+        end
+
+        #memmove(output + i + 1, output + i, (out - i) * sizeof *output)
+        output[i + 1, out - i] = output[i, out - i]
+        output[i] = n
+        i += 1
+
+        out += 1
+      end
+
+      output_length[0] = out
+
+      output.pack("U*")
+    end
+    (class <<self; private :punycode_decode; end)
+
+    def self.punycode_basic?(codepoint)
+      codepoint < 0x80
+    end
+    (class <<self; private :punycode_basic?; end)
+
+    def self.punycode_delimiter?(codepoint)
+      codepoint == PUNYCODE_DELIMITER
+    end
+    (class <<self; private :punycode_delimiter?; end)
+
+    def self.punycode_encode_digit(d)
+      d + 22 + 75 * ((d < 26) ? 1 : 0)
+    end
+    (class <<self; private :punycode_encode_digit; end)
+
+    # Returns the numeric value of a basic codepoint
+    # (for use in representing integers) in the range 0 to
+    # base - 1, or PUNYCODE_BASE if codepoint does not represent a value.
+    def self.punycode_decode_digit(codepoint)
+      if codepoint - 48 < 10
+        codepoint - 22
+      elsif codepoint - 65 < 26
+        codepoint - 65
+      elsif codepoint - 97 < 26
+        codepoint - 97
+      else
+        PUNYCODE_BASE
+      end
+    end
+    (class <<self; private :punycode_decode_digit; end)
+
+    # Bias adaptation method
+    def self.punycode_adapt(delta, numpoints, firsttime)
+      delta = firsttime ? delta / PUNYCODE_DAMP : delta >> 1
+      # delta >> 1 is a faster way of doing delta / 2
+      delta += delta / numpoints
+      difference = PUNYCODE_BASE - PUNYCODE_TMIN
+
+      k = 0
+      while delta > (difference * PUNYCODE_TMAX) / 2
+        delta /= difference
+        k += PUNYCODE_BASE
+      end
+
+      k + (difference + 1) * delta / (delta + PUNYCODE_SKEW)
+    end
+    (class <<self; private :punycode_adapt; end)
+  end
+  # :startdoc:
+end
diff --git a/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/addressable-2.5.2/lib/addressable/template.rb b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/addressable-2.5.2/lib/addressable/template.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..feee3f17d45aeaef61652a775133d181ac9d2962
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/addressable-2.5.2/lib/addressable/template.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,1065 @@
+# encoding:utf-8
+#--
+# Copyright (C) Bob Aman
+#
+#    Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+#    you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+#    You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#        http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+#    Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+#    distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+#    WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+#    See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+#    limitations under the License.
+#++
+
+
+require "addressable/version"
+require "addressable/uri"
+
+module Addressable
+  ##
+  # This is an implementation of a URI template based on
+  # RFC 6570 (http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6570).
+  class Template
+    # Constants used throughout the template code.
+    anything =
+      Addressable::URI::CharacterClasses::RESERVED +
+      Addressable::URI::CharacterClasses::UNRESERVED
+
+
+    variable_char_class =
+      Addressable::URI::CharacterClasses::ALPHA +
+      Addressable::URI::CharacterClasses::DIGIT + '_'
+
+    var_char =
+      "(?:(?:[#{variable_char_class}]|%[a-fA-F0-9][a-fA-F0-9])+)"
+    RESERVED =
+      "(?:[#{anything}]|%[a-fA-F0-9][a-fA-F0-9])"
+    UNRESERVED =
+      "(?:[#{
+        Addressable::URI::CharacterClasses::UNRESERVED
+      }]|%[a-fA-F0-9][a-fA-F0-9])"
+    variable =
+      "(?:#{var_char}(?:\\.?#{var_char})*)"
+    varspec =
+      "(?:(#{variable})(\\*|:\\d+)?)"
+    VARNAME =
+      /^#{variable}$/
+    VARSPEC =
+      /^#{varspec}$/
+    VARIABLE_LIST =
+      /^#{varspec}(?:,#{varspec})*$/
+    operator =
+      "+#./;?&=,!@|"
+    EXPRESSION =
+      /\{([#{operator}])?(#{varspec}(?:,#{varspec})*)\}/
+
+
+    LEADERS = {
+      '?' => '?',
+      '/' => '/',
+      '#' => '#',
+      '.' => '.',
+      ';' => ';',
+      '&' => '&'
+    }
+    JOINERS = {
+      '?' => '&',
+      '.' => '.',
+      ';' => ';',
+      '&' => '&',
+      '/' => '/'
+    }
+
+    ##
+    # Raised if an invalid template value is supplied.
+    class InvalidTemplateValueError < StandardError
+    end
+
+    ##
+    # Raised if an invalid template operator is used in a pattern.
+    class InvalidTemplateOperatorError < StandardError
+    end
+
+    ##
+    # Raised if an invalid template operator is used in a pattern.
+    class TemplateOperatorAbortedError < StandardError
+    end
+
+    ##
+    # This class represents the data that is extracted when a Template
+    # is matched against a URI.
+    class MatchData
+      ##
+      # Creates a new MatchData object.
+      # MatchData objects should never be instantiated directly.
+      #
+      # @param [Addressable::URI] uri
+      #   The URI that the template was matched against.
+      def initialize(uri, template, mapping)
+        @uri = uri.dup.freeze
+        @template = template
+        @mapping = mapping.dup.freeze
+      end
+
+      ##
+      # @return [Addressable::URI]
+      #   The URI that the Template was matched against.
+      attr_reader :uri
+
+      ##
+      # @return [Addressable::Template]
+      #   The Template used for the match.
+      attr_reader :template
+
+      ##
+      # @return [Hash]
+      #   The mapping that resulted from the match.
+      #   Note that this mapping does not include keys or values for
+      #   variables that appear in the Template, but are not present
+      #   in the URI.
+      attr_reader :mapping
+
+      ##
+      # @return [Array]
+      #   The list of variables that were present in the Template.
+      #   Note that this list will include variables which do not appear
+      #   in the mapping because they were not present in URI.
+      def variables
+        self.template.variables
+      end
+      alias_method :keys, :variables
+      alias_method :names, :variables
+
+      ##
+      # @return [Array]
+      #   The list of values that were captured by the Template.
+      #   Note that this list will include nils for any variables which
+      #   were in the Template, but did not appear in the URI.
+      def values
+        @values ||= self.variables.inject([]) do |accu, key|
+          accu << self.mapping[key]
+          accu
+        end
+      end
+      alias_method :captures, :values
+
+      ##
+      # Accesses captured values by name or by index.
+      #
+      # @param [String, Symbol, Fixnum] key
+      #   Capture index or name. Note that when accessing by with index
+      #   of 0, the full URI will be returned. The intention is to mimic
+      #   the ::MatchData#[] behavior.
+      #
+      # @param [#to_int, nil] len
+      #   If provided, an array of values will be returend with the given
+      #   parameter used as length.
+      #
+      # @return [Array, String, nil]
+      #   The captured value corresponding to the index or name. If the
+      #   value was not provided or the key is unknown, nil will be
+      #   returned.
+      #
+      #   If the second parameter is provided, an array of that length will
+      #   be returned instead.
+      def [](key, len = nil)
+        if len
+          to_a[key, len]
+        elsif String === key or Symbol === key
+          mapping[key.to_s]
+        else
+          to_a[key]
+        end
+      end
+
+      ##
+      # @return [Array]
+      #   Array with the matched URI as first element followed by the captured
+      #   values.
+      def to_a
+        [to_s, *values]
+      end
+
+      ##
+      # @return [String]
+      #   The matched URI as String.
+      def to_s
+        uri.to_s
+      end
+      alias_method :string, :to_s
+
+      # Returns multiple captured values at once.
+      #
+      # @param [String, Symbol, Fixnum] *indexes
+      #   Indices of the captures to be returned
+      #
+      # @return [Array]
+      #   Values corresponding to given indices.
+      #
+      # @see Addressable::Template::MatchData#[]
+      def values_at(*indexes)
+        indexes.map { |i| self[i] }
+      end
+
+      ##
+      # Returns a <tt>String</tt> representation of the MatchData's state.
+      #
+      # @return [String] The MatchData's state, as a <tt>String</tt>.
+      def inspect
+        sprintf("#<%s:%#0x RESULT:%s>",
+          self.class.to_s, self.object_id, self.mapping.inspect)
+      end
+
+      ##
+      # Dummy method for code expecting a ::MatchData instance
+      #
+      # @return [String] An empty string.
+      def pre_match
+        ""
+      end
+      alias_method :post_match, :pre_match
+    end
+
+    ##
+    # Creates a new <tt>Addressable::Template</tt> object.
+    #
+    # @param [#to_str] pattern The URI Template pattern.
+    #
+    # @return [Addressable::Template] The initialized Template object.
+    def initialize(pattern)
+      if !pattern.respond_to?(:to_str)
+        raise TypeError, "Can't convert #{pattern.class} into String."
+      end
+      @pattern = pattern.to_str.dup.freeze
+    end
+
+    ##
+    # Freeze URI, initializing instance variables.
+    #
+    # @return [Addressable::URI] The frozen URI object.
+    def freeze
+      self.variables
+      self.variable_defaults
+      self.named_captures
+      super
+    end
+
+    ##
+    # @return [String] The Template object's pattern.
+    attr_reader :pattern
+
+    ##
+    # Returns a <tt>String</tt> representation of the Template object's state.
+    #
+    # @return [String] The Template object's state, as a <tt>String</tt>.
+    def inspect
+      sprintf("#<%s:%#0x PATTERN:%s>",
+        self.class.to_s, self.object_id, self.pattern)
+    end
+
+    ##
+    # Returns <code>true</code> if the Template objects are equal. This method
+    # does NOT normalize either Template before doing the comparison.
+    #
+    # @param [Object] template The Template to compare.
+    #
+    # @return [TrueClass, FalseClass]
+    #   <code>true</code> if the Templates are equivalent, <code>false</code>
+    #   otherwise.
+    def ==(template)
+      return false unless template.kind_of?(Template)
+      return self.pattern == template.pattern
+    end
+
+    ##
+    # Addressable::Template makes no distinction between `==` and `eql?`.
+    #
+    # @see #==
+    alias_method :eql?, :==
+
+    ##
+    # Extracts a mapping from the URI using a URI Template pattern.
+    #
+    # @param [Addressable::URI, #to_str] uri
+    #   The URI to extract from.
+    #
+    # @param [#restore, #match] processor
+    #   A template processor object may optionally be supplied.
+    #
+    #   The object should respond to either the <tt>restore</tt> or
+    #   <tt>match</tt> messages or both. The <tt>restore</tt> method should
+    #   take two parameters: `[String] name` and `[String] value`.
+    #   The <tt>restore</tt> method should reverse any transformations that
+    #   have been performed on the value to ensure a valid URI.
+    #   The <tt>match</tt> method should take a single
+    #   parameter: `[String] name`.  The <tt>match</tt> method should return
+    #   a <tt>String</tt> containing a regular expression capture group for
+    #   matching on that particular variable. The default value is `".*?"`.
+    #   The <tt>match</tt> method has no effect on multivariate operator
+    #   expansions.
+    #
+    # @return [Hash, NilClass]
+    #   The <tt>Hash</tt> mapping that was extracted from the URI, or
+    #   <tt>nil</tt> if the URI didn't match the template.
+    #
+    # @example
+    #   class ExampleProcessor
+    #     def self.restore(name, value)
+    #       return value.gsub(/\+/, " ") if name == "query"
+    #       return value
+    #     end
+    #
+    #     def self.match(name)
+    #       return ".*?" if name == "first"
+    #       return ".*"
+    #     end
+    #   end
+    #
+    #   uri = Addressable::URI.parse(
+    #     "http://example.com/search/an+example+search+query/"
+    #   )
+    #   Addressable::Template.new(
+    #     "http://example.com/search/{query}/"
+    #   ).extract(uri, ExampleProcessor)
+    #   #=> {"query" => "an example search query"}
+    #
+    #   uri = Addressable::URI.parse("http://example.com/a/b/c/")
+    #   Addressable::Template.new(
+    #     "http://example.com/{first}/{second}/"
+    #   ).extract(uri, ExampleProcessor)
+    #   #=> {"first" => "a", "second" => "b/c"}
+    #
+    #   uri = Addressable::URI.parse("http://example.com/a/b/c/")
+    #   Addressable::Template.new(
+    #     "http://example.com/{first}/{-list|/|second}/"
+    #   ).extract(uri)
+    #   #=> {"first" => "a", "second" => ["b", "c"]}
+    def extract(uri, processor=nil)
+      match_data = self.match(uri, processor)
+      return (match_data ? match_data.mapping : nil)
+    end
+
+    ##
+    # Extracts match data from the URI using a URI Template pattern.
+    #
+    # @param [Addressable::URI, #to_str] uri
+    #   The URI to extract from.
+    #
+    # @param [#restore, #match] processor
+    #   A template processor object may optionally be supplied.
+    #
+    #   The object should respond to either the <tt>restore</tt> or
+    #   <tt>match</tt> messages or both. The <tt>restore</tt> method should
+    #   take two parameters: `[String] name` and `[String] value`.
+    #   The <tt>restore</tt> method should reverse any transformations that
+    #   have been performed on the value to ensure a valid URI.
+    #   The <tt>match</tt> method should take a single
+    #   parameter: `[String] name`. The <tt>match</tt> method should return
+    #   a <tt>String</tt> containing a regular expression capture group for
+    #   matching on that particular variable. The default value is `".*?"`.
+    #   The <tt>match</tt> method has no effect on multivariate operator
+    #   expansions.
+    #
+    # @return [Hash, NilClass]
+    #   The <tt>Hash</tt> mapping that was extracted from the URI, or
+    #   <tt>nil</tt> if the URI didn't match the template.
+    #
+    # @example
+    #   class ExampleProcessor
+    #     def self.restore(name, value)
+    #       return value.gsub(/\+/, " ") if name == "query"
+    #       return value
+    #     end
+    #
+    #     def self.match(name)
+    #       return ".*?" if name == "first"
+    #       return ".*"
+    #     end
+    #   end
+    #
+    #   uri = Addressable::URI.parse(
+    #     "http://example.com/search/an+example+search+query/"
+    #   )
+    #   match = Addressable::Template.new(
+    #     "http://example.com/search/{query}/"
+    #   ).match(uri, ExampleProcessor)
+    #   match.variables
+    #   #=> ["query"]
+    #   match.captures
+    #   #=> ["an example search query"]
+    #
+    #   uri = Addressable::URI.parse("http://example.com/a/b/c/")
+    #   match = Addressable::Template.new(
+    #     "http://example.com/{first}/{+second}/"
+    #   ).match(uri, ExampleProcessor)
+    #   match.variables
+    #   #=> ["first", "second"]
+    #   match.captures
+    #   #=> ["a", "b/c"]
+    #
+    #   uri = Addressable::URI.parse("http://example.com/a/b/c/")
+    #   match = Addressable::Template.new(
+    #     "http://example.com/{first}{/second*}/"
+    #   ).match(uri)
+    #   match.variables
+    #   #=> ["first", "second"]
+    #   match.captures
+    #   #=> ["a", ["b", "c"]]
+    def match(uri, processor=nil)
+      uri = Addressable::URI.parse(uri)
+      mapping = {}
+
+      # First, we need to process the pattern, and extract the values.
+      expansions, expansion_regexp =
+        parse_template_pattern(pattern, processor)
+
+      return nil unless uri.to_str.match(expansion_regexp)
+      unparsed_values = uri.to_str.scan(expansion_regexp).flatten
+
+      if uri.to_str == pattern
+        return Addressable::Template::MatchData.new(uri, self, mapping)
+      elsif expansions.size > 0
+        index = 0
+        expansions.each do |expansion|
+          _, operator, varlist = *expansion.match(EXPRESSION)
+          varlist.split(',').each do |varspec|
+            _, name, modifier = *varspec.match(VARSPEC)
+            mapping[name] ||= nil
+            case operator
+            when nil, '+', '#', '/', '.'
+              unparsed_value = unparsed_values[index]
+              name = varspec[VARSPEC, 1]
+              value = unparsed_value
+              value = value.split(JOINERS[operator]) if value && modifier == '*'
+            when ';', '?', '&'
+              if modifier == '*'
+                if unparsed_values[index]
+                  value = unparsed_values[index].split(JOINERS[operator])
+                  value = value.inject({}) do |acc, v|
+                    key, val = v.split('=')
+                    val = "" if val.nil?
+                    acc[key] = val
+                    acc
+                  end
+                end
+              else
+                if (unparsed_values[index])
+                  name, value = unparsed_values[index].split('=')
+                  value = "" if value.nil?
+                end
+              end
+            end
+            if processor != nil && processor.respond_to?(:restore)
+              value = processor.restore(name, value)
+            end
+            if processor == nil
+              if value.is_a?(Hash)
+                value = value.inject({}){|acc, (k, v)|
+                  acc[Addressable::URI.unencode_component(k)] =
+                    Addressable::URI.unencode_component(v)
+                  acc
+                }
+              elsif value.is_a?(Array)
+                value = value.map{|v| Addressable::URI.unencode_component(v) }
+              else
+                value = Addressable::URI.unencode_component(value)
+              end
+            end
+            if !mapping.has_key?(name) || mapping[name].nil?
+              # Doesn't exist, set to value (even if value is nil)
+              mapping[name] = value
+            end
+            index = index + 1
+          end
+        end
+        return Addressable::Template::MatchData.new(uri, self, mapping)
+      else
+        return nil
+      end
+    end
+
+    ##
+    # Expands a URI template into another URI template.
+    #
+    # @param [Hash] mapping The mapping that corresponds to the pattern.
+    # @param [#validate, #transform] processor
+    #   An optional processor object may be supplied.
+    # @param [Boolean] normalize_values
+    #   Optional flag to enable/disable unicode normalization. Default: true
+    #
+    # The object should respond to either the <tt>validate</tt> or
+    # <tt>transform</tt> messages or both. Both the <tt>validate</tt> and
+    # <tt>transform</tt> methods should take two parameters: <tt>name</tt> and
+    # <tt>value</tt>. The <tt>validate</tt> method should return <tt>true</tt>
+    # or <tt>false</tt>; <tt>true</tt> if the value of the variable is valid,
+    # <tt>false</tt> otherwise. An <tt>InvalidTemplateValueError</tt>
+    # exception will be raised if the value is invalid. The <tt>transform</tt>
+    # method should return the transformed variable value as a <tt>String</tt>.
+    # If a <tt>transform</tt> method is used, the value will not be percent
+    # encoded automatically. Unicode normalization will be performed both
+    # before and after sending the value to the transform method.
+    #
+    # @return [Addressable::Template] The partially expanded URI template.
+    #
+    # @example
+    #   Addressable::Template.new(
+    #     "http://example.com/{one}/{two}/"
+    #   ).partial_expand({"one" => "1"}).pattern
+    #   #=> "http://example.com/1/{two}/"
+    #
+    #   Addressable::Template.new(
+    #     "http://example.com/{?one,two}/"
+    #   ).partial_expand({"one" => "1"}).pattern
+    #   #=> "http://example.com/?one=1{&two}/"
+    #
+    #   Addressable::Template.new(
+    #     "http://example.com/{?one,two,three}/"
+    #   ).partial_expand({"one" => "1", "three" => 3}).pattern
+    #   #=> "http://example.com/?one=1{&two}&three=3"
+    def partial_expand(mapping, processor=nil, normalize_values=true)
+      result = self.pattern.dup
+      mapping = normalize_keys(mapping)
+      result.gsub!( EXPRESSION ) do |capture|
+        transform_partial_capture(mapping, capture, processor, normalize_values)
+      end
+      return Addressable::Template.new(result)
+    end
+
+    ##
+    # Expands a URI template into a full URI.
+    #
+    # @param [Hash] mapping The mapping that corresponds to the pattern.
+    # @param [#validate, #transform] processor
+    #   An optional processor object may be supplied.
+    # @param [Boolean] normalize_values
+    #   Optional flag to enable/disable unicode normalization. Default: true
+    #
+    # The object should respond to either the <tt>validate</tt> or
+    # <tt>transform</tt> messages or both. Both the <tt>validate</tt> and
+    # <tt>transform</tt> methods should take two parameters: <tt>name</tt> and
+    # <tt>value</tt>. The <tt>validate</tt> method should return <tt>true</tt>
+    # or <tt>false</tt>; <tt>true</tt> if the value of the variable is valid,
+    # <tt>false</tt> otherwise. An <tt>InvalidTemplateValueError</tt>
+    # exception will be raised if the value is invalid. The <tt>transform</tt>
+    # method should return the transformed variable value as a <tt>String</tt>.
+    # If a <tt>transform</tt> method is used, the value will not be percent
+    # encoded automatically. Unicode normalization will be performed both
+    # before and after sending the value to the transform method.
+    #
+    # @return [Addressable::URI] The expanded URI template.
+    #
+    # @example
+    #   class ExampleProcessor
+    #     def self.validate(name, value)
+    #       return !!(value =~ /^[\w ]+$/) if name == "query"
+    #       return true
+    #     end
+    #
+    #     def self.transform(name, value)
+    #       return value.gsub(/ /, "+") if name == "query"
+    #       return value
+    #     end
+    #   end
+    #
+    #   Addressable::Template.new(
+    #     "http://example.com/search/{query}/"
+    #   ).expand(
+    #     {"query" => "an example search query"},
+    #     ExampleProcessor
+    #   ).to_str
+    #   #=> "http://example.com/search/an+example+search+query/"
+    #
+    #   Addressable::Template.new(
+    #     "http://example.com/search/{query}/"
+    #   ).expand(
+    #     {"query" => "an example search query"}
+    #   ).to_str
+    #   #=> "http://example.com/search/an%20example%20search%20query/"
+    #
+    #   Addressable::Template.new(
+    #     "http://example.com/search/{query}/"
+    #   ).expand(
+    #     {"query" => "bogus!"},
+    #     ExampleProcessor
+    #   ).to_str
+    #   #=> Addressable::Template::InvalidTemplateValueError
+    def expand(mapping, processor=nil, normalize_values=true)
+      result = self.pattern.dup
+      mapping = normalize_keys(mapping)
+      result.gsub!( EXPRESSION ) do |capture|
+        transform_capture(mapping, capture, processor, normalize_values)
+      end
+      return Addressable::URI.parse(result)
+    end
+
+    ##
+    # Returns an Array of variables used within the template pattern.
+    # The variables are listed in the Array in the order they appear within
+    # the pattern.  Multiple occurrences of a variable within a pattern are
+    # not represented in this Array.
+    #
+    # @return [Array] The variables present in the template's pattern.
+    def variables
+      @variables ||= ordered_variable_defaults.map { |var, val| var }.uniq
+    end
+    alias_method :keys, :variables
+    alias_method :names, :variables
+
+    ##
+    # Returns a mapping of variables to their default values specified
+    # in the template. Variables without defaults are not returned.
+    #
+    # @return [Hash] Mapping of template variables to their defaults
+    def variable_defaults
+      @variable_defaults ||=
+        Hash[*ordered_variable_defaults.reject { |k, v| v.nil? }.flatten]
+    end
+
+    ##
+    # Coerces a template into a `Regexp` object. This regular expression will
+    # behave very similarly to the actual template, and should match the same
+    # URI values, but it cannot fully handle, for example, values that would
+    # extract to an `Array`.
+    #
+    # @return [Regexp] A regular expression which should match the template.
+    def to_regexp
+      _, source = parse_template_pattern(pattern)
+      Regexp.new(source)
+    end
+
+    ##
+    # Returns the source of the coerced `Regexp`.
+    #
+    # @return [String] The source of the `Regexp` given by {#to_regexp}.
+    #
+    # @api private
+    def source
+      self.to_regexp.source
+    end
+
+    ##
+    # Returns the named captures of the coerced `Regexp`.
+    #
+    # @return [Hash] The named captures of the `Regexp` given by {#to_regexp}.
+    #
+    # @api private
+    def named_captures
+      self.to_regexp.named_captures
+    end
+
+    ##
+    # Generates a route result for a given set of parameters.
+    # Should only be used by rack-mount.
+    #
+    # @param params [Hash] The set of parameters used to expand the template.
+    # @param recall [Hash] Default parameters used to expand the template.
+    # @param options [Hash] Either a `:processor` or a `:parameterize` block.
+    #
+    # @api private
+    def generate(params={}, recall={}, options={})
+      merged = recall.merge(params)
+      if options[:processor]
+        processor = options[:processor]
+      elsif options[:parameterize]
+        # TODO: This is sending me into fits trying to shoe-horn this into
+        # the existing API. I think I've got this backwards and processors
+        # should be a set of 4 optional blocks named :validate, :transform,
+        # :match, and :restore. Having to use a singleton here is a huge
+        # code smell.
+        processor = Object.new
+        class <<processor
+          attr_accessor :block
+          def transform(name, value)
+            block.call(name, value)
+          end
+        end
+        processor.block = options[:parameterize]
+      else
+        processor = nil
+      end
+      result = self.expand(merged, processor)
+      result.to_s if result
+    end
+
+  private
+    def ordered_variable_defaults
+      @ordered_variable_defaults ||= begin
+        expansions, _ = parse_template_pattern(pattern)
+        expansions.map do |capture|
+          _, _, varlist = *capture.match(EXPRESSION)
+          varlist.split(',').map do |varspec|
+            varspec[VARSPEC, 1]
+          end
+        end.flatten
+      end
+    end
+
+
+    ##
+    # Loops through each capture and expands any values available in mapping
+    #
+    # @param [Hash] mapping
+    #   Set of keys to expand
+    # @param [String] capture
+    #   The expression to expand
+    # @param [#validate, #transform] processor
+    #   An optional processor object may be supplied.
+    # @param [Boolean] normalize_values
+    #   Optional flag to enable/disable unicode normalization. Default: true
+    #
+    # The object should respond to either the <tt>validate</tt> or
+    # <tt>transform</tt> messages or both. Both the <tt>validate</tt> and
+    # <tt>transform</tt> methods should take two parameters: <tt>name</tt> and
+    # <tt>value</tt>. The <tt>validate</tt> method should return <tt>true</tt>
+    # or <tt>false</tt>; <tt>true</tt> if the value of the variable is valid,
+    # <tt>false</tt> otherwise. An <tt>InvalidTemplateValueError</tt> exception
+    # will be raised if the value is invalid. The <tt>transform</tt> method
+    # should return the transformed variable value as a <tt>String</tt>. If a
+    # <tt>transform</tt> method is used, the value will not be percent encoded
+    # automatically. Unicode normalization will be performed both before and
+    # after sending the value to the transform method.
+    #
+    # @return [String] The expanded expression
+    def transform_partial_capture(mapping, capture, processor = nil,
+                                  normalize_values = true)
+      _, operator, varlist = *capture.match(EXPRESSION)
+
+      vars = varlist.split(',')
+
+      if '?' == operator
+        # partial expansion of form style query variables sometimes requires a
+        # slight reordering of the variables to produce a valid url.
+        first_to_expand = vars.find { |varspec|
+          _, name, _ =  *varspec.match(VARSPEC)
+          mapping.key? name
+        }
+
+        vars = [first_to_expand] + vars.reject {|varspec| varspec == first_to_expand}  if first_to_expand
+      end
+
+      vars
+        .zip(operator_sequence(operator).take(vars.length))
+        .reduce("".dup) do |acc, (varspec, op)|
+          _, name, _ =  *varspec.match(VARSPEC)
+
+          acc << if mapping.key? name
+                   transform_capture(mapping, "{#{op}#{varspec}}",
+                                     processor, normalize_values)
+                 else
+                   "{#{op}#{varspec}}"
+                 end
+      end
+    end
+
+    ##
+    # Creates a lazy Enumerator of the operators that should be used to expand
+    # variables in a varlist starting with `operator`. For example, an operator
+    # `"?"` results in the sequence `"?","&","&"...`
+    #
+    # @param [String] operator from which to generate a sequence
+    #
+    # @return [Enumerator] sequence of operators
+    def operator_sequence(operator)
+      rest_operator = if "?" == operator
+                        "&"
+                      else
+                        operator
+                      end
+      head_operator = operator
+
+      Enumerator.new do |y|
+        y << head_operator.to_s
+        while true
+          y << rest_operator.to_s
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    ##
+    # Transforms a mapped value so that values can be substituted into the
+    # template.
+    #
+    # @param [Hash] mapping The mapping to replace captures
+    # @param [String] capture
+    #   The expression to replace
+    # @param [#validate, #transform] processor
+    #   An optional processor object may be supplied.
+    # @param [Boolean] normalize_values
+    #   Optional flag to enable/disable unicode normalization. Default: true
+    #
+    #
+    # The object should respond to either the <tt>validate</tt> or
+    # <tt>transform</tt> messages or both. Both the <tt>validate</tt> and
+    # <tt>transform</tt> methods should take two parameters: <tt>name</tt> and
+    # <tt>value</tt>. The <tt>validate</tt> method should return <tt>true</tt>
+    # or <tt>false</tt>; <tt>true</tt> if the value of the variable is valid,
+    # <tt>false</tt> otherwise. An <tt>InvalidTemplateValueError</tt> exception
+    # will be raised if the value is invalid. The <tt>transform</tt> method
+    # should return the transformed variable value as a <tt>String</tt>. If a
+    # <tt>transform</tt> method is used, the value will not be percent encoded
+    # automatically. Unicode normalization will be performed both before and
+    # after sending the value to the transform method.
+    #
+    # @return [String] The expanded expression
+    def transform_capture(mapping, capture, processor=nil,
+                          normalize_values=true)
+      _, operator, varlist = *capture.match(EXPRESSION)
+      return_value = varlist.split(',').inject([]) do |acc, varspec|
+        _, name, modifier = *varspec.match(VARSPEC)
+        value = mapping[name]
+        unless value == nil || value == {}
+          allow_reserved = %w(+ #).include?(operator)
+          # Common primitives where the .to_s output is well-defined
+          if Numeric === value || Symbol === value ||
+              value == true || value == false
+            value = value.to_s
+          end
+          length = modifier.gsub(':', '').to_i if modifier =~ /^:\d+/
+
+          unless (Hash === value) ||
+            value.respond_to?(:to_ary) || value.respond_to?(:to_str)
+            raise TypeError,
+              "Can't convert #{value.class} into String or Array."
+          end
+
+          value = normalize_value(value) if normalize_values
+
+          if processor == nil || !processor.respond_to?(:transform)
+            # Handle percent escaping
+            if allow_reserved
+              encode_map =
+                Addressable::URI::CharacterClasses::RESERVED +
+                Addressable::URI::CharacterClasses::UNRESERVED
+            else
+              encode_map = Addressable::URI::CharacterClasses::UNRESERVED
+            end
+            if value.kind_of?(Array)
+              transformed_value = value.map do |val|
+                if length
+                  Addressable::URI.encode_component(val[0...length], encode_map)
+                else
+                  Addressable::URI.encode_component(val, encode_map)
+                end
+              end
+              unless modifier == "*"
+                transformed_value = transformed_value.join(',')
+              end
+            elsif value.kind_of?(Hash)
+              transformed_value = value.map do |key, val|
+                if modifier == "*"
+                  "#{
+                    Addressable::URI.encode_component( key, encode_map)
+                  }=#{
+                    Addressable::URI.encode_component( val, encode_map)
+                  }"
+                else
+                  "#{
+                    Addressable::URI.encode_component( key, encode_map)
+                  },#{
+                    Addressable::URI.encode_component( val, encode_map)
+                  }"
+                end
+              end
+              unless modifier == "*"
+                transformed_value = transformed_value.join(',')
+              end
+            else
+              if length
+                transformed_value = Addressable::URI.encode_component(
+                  value[0...length], encode_map)
+              else
+                transformed_value = Addressable::URI.encode_component(
+                  value, encode_map)
+              end
+            end
+          end
+
+          # Process, if we've got a processor
+          if processor != nil
+            if processor.respond_to?(:validate)
+              if !processor.validate(name, value)
+                display_value = value.kind_of?(Array) ? value.inspect : value
+                raise InvalidTemplateValueError,
+                  "#{name}=#{display_value} is an invalid template value."
+              end
+            end
+            if processor.respond_to?(:transform)
+              transformed_value = processor.transform(name, value)
+              if normalize_values
+                transformed_value = normalize_value(transformed_value)
+              end
+            end
+          end
+          acc << [name, transformed_value]
+        end
+        acc
+      end
+      return "" if return_value.empty?
+      join_values(operator, return_value)
+    end
+
+    ##
+    # Takes a set of values, and joins them together based on the
+    # operator.
+    #
+    # @param [String, Nil] operator One of the operators from the set
+    #   (?,&,+,#,;,/,.), or nil if there wasn't one.
+    # @param [Array] return_value
+    #   The set of return values (as [variable_name, value] tuples) that will
+    #   be joined together.
+    #
+    # @return [String] The transformed mapped value
+    def join_values(operator, return_value)
+      leader = LEADERS.fetch(operator, '')
+      joiner = JOINERS.fetch(operator, ',')
+      case operator
+      when '&', '?'
+        leader + return_value.map{|k,v|
+          if v.is_a?(Array) && v.first =~ /=/
+            v.join(joiner)
+          elsif v.is_a?(Array)
+            v.map{|inner_value| "#{k}=#{inner_value}"}.join(joiner)
+          else
+            "#{k}=#{v}"
+          end
+        }.join(joiner)
+      when ';'
+        return_value.map{|k,v|
+          if v.is_a?(Array) && v.first =~ /=/
+            ';' + v.join(";")
+          elsif v.is_a?(Array)
+            ';' + v.map{|inner_value| "#{k}=#{inner_value}"}.join(";")
+          else
+            v && v != '' ?  ";#{k}=#{v}" : ";#{k}"
+          end
+        }.join
+      else
+        leader + return_value.map{|k,v| v}.join(joiner)
+      end
+    end
+
+    ##
+    # Takes a set of values, and joins them together based on the
+    # operator.
+    #
+    # @param [Hash, Array, String] value
+    #   Normalizes keys and values with IDNA#unicode_normalize_kc
+    #
+    # @return [Hash, Array, String] The normalized values
+    def normalize_value(value)
+      unless value.is_a?(Hash)
+        value = value.respond_to?(:to_ary) ? value.to_ary : value.to_str
+      end
+
+      # Handle unicode normalization
+      if value.kind_of?(Array)
+        value.map! { |val| Addressable::IDNA.unicode_normalize_kc(val) }
+      elsif value.kind_of?(Hash)
+        value = value.inject({}) { |acc, (k, v)|
+          acc[Addressable::IDNA.unicode_normalize_kc(k)] =
+            Addressable::IDNA.unicode_normalize_kc(v)
+          acc
+        }
+      else
+        value = Addressable::IDNA.unicode_normalize_kc(value)
+      end
+      value
+    end
+
+    ##
+    # Generates a hash with string keys
+    #
+    # @param [Hash] mapping A mapping hash to normalize
+    #
+    # @return [Hash]
+    #   A hash with stringified keys
+    def normalize_keys(mapping)
+      return mapping.inject({}) do |accu, pair|
+        name, value = pair
+        if Symbol === name
+          name = name.to_s
+        elsif name.respond_to?(:to_str)
+          name = name.to_str
+        else
+          raise TypeError,
+            "Can't convert #{name.class} into String."
+        end
+        accu[name] = value
+        accu
+      end
+    end
+
+    ##
+    # Generates the <tt>Regexp</tt> that parses a template pattern.
+    #
+    # @param [String] pattern The URI template pattern.
+    # @param [#match] processor The template processor to use.
+    #
+    # @return [Regexp]
+    #   A regular expression which may be used to parse a template pattern.
+    def parse_template_pattern(pattern, processor=nil)
+      # Escape the pattern. The two gsubs restore the escaped curly braces
+      # back to their original form. Basically, escape everything that isn't
+      # within an expansion.
+      escaped_pattern = Regexp.escape(
+        pattern
+      ).gsub(/\\\{(.*?)\\\}/) do |escaped|
+        escaped.gsub(/\\(.)/, "\\1")
+      end
+
+      expansions = []
+
+      # Create a regular expression that captures the values of the
+      # variables in the URI.
+      regexp_string = escaped_pattern.gsub( EXPRESSION ) do |expansion|
+
+        expansions << expansion
+        _, operator, varlist = *expansion.match(EXPRESSION)
+        leader = Regexp.escape(LEADERS.fetch(operator, ''))
+        joiner = Regexp.escape(JOINERS.fetch(operator, ','))
+        combined = varlist.split(',').map do |varspec|
+          _, name, modifier = *varspec.match(VARSPEC)
+
+          result = processor && processor.respond_to?(:match) ? processor.match(name) : nil
+          if result
+            "(?<#{name}>#{ result })"
+          else
+            group = case operator
+            when '+'
+              "#{ RESERVED }*?"
+            when '#'
+              "#{ RESERVED }*?"
+            when '/'
+              "#{ UNRESERVED }*?"
+            when '.'
+              "#{ UNRESERVED.gsub('\.', '') }*?"
+            when ';'
+              "#{ UNRESERVED }*=?#{ UNRESERVED }*?"
+            when '?'
+              "#{ UNRESERVED }*=#{ UNRESERVED }*?"
+            when '&'
+              "#{ UNRESERVED }*=#{ UNRESERVED }*?"
+            else
+              "#{ UNRESERVED }*?"
+            end
+            if modifier == '*'
+              "(?<#{name}>#{group}(?:#{joiner}?#{group})*)?"
+            else
+              "(?<#{name}>#{group})?"
+            end
+          end
+        end.join("#{joiner}?")
+        "(?:|#{leader}#{combined})"
+      end
+
+      # Ensure that the regular expression matches the whole URI.
+      regexp_string = "^#{regexp_string}$"
+      return expansions, Regexp.new(regexp_string)
+    end
+
+  end
+end
diff --git a/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/addressable-2.5.2/lib/addressable/uri.rb b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/addressable-2.5.2/lib/addressable/uri.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a4fa1a7ceebc67d54d19b28806b4e3ba15ecbc03
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/addressable-2.5.2/lib/addressable/uri.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,2492 @@
+# encoding:utf-8
+#--
+# Copyright (C) Bob Aman
+#
+#    Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+#    you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+#    You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#        http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+#    Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+#    distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+#    WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+#    See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+#    limitations under the License.
+#++
+
+
+require "addressable/version"
+require "addressable/idna"
+require "public_suffix"
+
+##
+# Addressable is a library for processing links and URIs.
+module Addressable
+  ##
+  # This is an implementation of a URI parser based on
+  # <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt">RFC 3986</a>,
+  # <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3987.txt">RFC 3987</a>.
+  class URI
+    ##
+    # Raised if something other than a uri is supplied.
+    class InvalidURIError < StandardError
+    end
+
+    ##
+    # Container for the character classes specified in
+    # <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt">RFC 3986</a>.
+    module CharacterClasses
+      ALPHA = "a-zA-Z"
+      DIGIT = "0-9"
+      GEN_DELIMS = "\\:\\/\\?\\#\\[\\]\\@"
+      SUB_DELIMS = "\\!\\$\\&\\'\\(\\)\\*\\+\\,\\;\\="
+      RESERVED = GEN_DELIMS + SUB_DELIMS
+      UNRESERVED = ALPHA + DIGIT + "\\-\\.\\_\\~"
+      PCHAR = UNRESERVED + SUB_DELIMS + "\\:\\@"
+      SCHEME = ALPHA + DIGIT + "\\-\\+\\."
+      HOST = UNRESERVED + SUB_DELIMS + "\\[\\:\\]"
+      AUTHORITY = PCHAR
+      PATH = PCHAR + "\\/"
+      QUERY = PCHAR + "\\/\\?"
+      FRAGMENT = PCHAR + "\\/\\?"
+    end
+
+    SLASH = '/'
+    EMPTY_STR = ''
+
+    URIREGEX = /^(([^:\/?#]+):)?(\/\/([^\/?#]*))?([^?#]*)(\?([^#]*))?(#(.*))?$/
+
+    PORT_MAPPING = {
+      "http" => 80,
+      "https" => 443,
+      "ftp" => 21,
+      "tftp" => 69,
+      "sftp" => 22,
+      "ssh" => 22,
+      "svn+ssh" => 22,
+      "telnet" => 23,
+      "nntp" => 119,
+      "gopher" => 70,
+      "wais" => 210,
+      "ldap" => 389,
+      "prospero" => 1525
+    }
+
+    ##
+    # Returns a URI object based on the parsed string.
+    #
+    # @param [String, Addressable::URI, #to_str] uri
+    #   The URI string to parse.
+    #   No parsing is performed if the object is already an
+    #   <code>Addressable::URI</code>.
+    #
+    # @return [Addressable::URI] The parsed URI.
+    def self.parse(uri)
+      # If we were given nil, return nil.
+      return nil unless uri
+      # If a URI object is passed, just return itself.
+      return uri.dup if uri.kind_of?(self)
+
+      # If a URI object of the Ruby standard library variety is passed,
+      # convert it to a string, then parse the string.
+      # We do the check this way because we don't want to accidentally
+      # cause a missing constant exception to be thrown.
+      if uri.class.name =~ /^URI\b/
+        uri = uri.to_s
+      end
+
+      # Otherwise, convert to a String
+      begin
+        uri = uri.to_str
+      rescue TypeError, NoMethodError
+        raise TypeError, "Can't convert #{uri.class} into String."
+      end if not uri.is_a? String
+
+      # This Regexp supplied as an example in RFC 3986, and it works great.
+      scan = uri.scan(URIREGEX)
+      fragments = scan[0]
+      scheme = fragments[1]
+      authority = fragments[3]
+      path = fragments[4]
+      query = fragments[6]
+      fragment = fragments[8]
+      user = nil
+      password = nil
+      host = nil
+      port = nil
+      if authority != nil
+        # The Regexp above doesn't split apart the authority.
+        userinfo = authority[/^([^\[\]]*)@/, 1]
+        if userinfo != nil
+          user = userinfo.strip[/^([^:]*):?/, 1]
+          password = userinfo.strip[/:(.*)$/, 1]
+        end
+        host = authority.gsub(
+          /^([^\[\]]*)@/, EMPTY_STR
+        ).gsub(
+          /:([^:@\[\]]*?)$/, EMPTY_STR
+        )
+        port = authority[/:([^:@\[\]]*?)$/, 1]
+      end
+      if port == EMPTY_STR
+        port = nil
+      end
+
+      return new(
+        :scheme => scheme,
+        :user => user,
+        :password => password,
+        :host => host,
+        :port => port,
+        :path => path,
+        :query => query,
+        :fragment => fragment
+      )
+    end
+
+    ##
+    # Converts an input to a URI. The input does not have to be a valid
+    # URI — the method will use heuristics to guess what URI was intended.
+    # This is not standards-compliant, merely user-friendly.
+    #
+    # @param [String, Addressable::URI, #to_str] uri
+    #   The URI string to parse.
+    #   No parsing is performed if the object is already an
+    #   <code>Addressable::URI</code>.
+    # @param [Hash] hints
+    #   A <code>Hash</code> of hints to the heuristic parser.
+    #   Defaults to <code>{:scheme => "http"}</code>.
+    #
+    # @return [Addressable::URI] The parsed URI.
+    def self.heuristic_parse(uri, hints={})
+      # If we were given nil, return nil.
+      return nil unless uri
+      # If a URI object is passed, just return itself.
+      return uri.dup if uri.kind_of?(self)
+
+      # If a URI object of the Ruby standard library variety is passed,
+      # convert it to a string, then parse the string.
+      # We do the check this way because we don't want to accidentally
+      # cause a missing constant exception to be thrown.
+      if uri.class.name =~ /^URI\b/
+        uri = uri.to_s
+      end
+
+      if !uri.respond_to?(:to_str)
+        raise TypeError, "Can't convert #{uri.class} into String."
+      end
+      # Otherwise, convert to a String
+      uri = uri.to_str.dup.strip
+      hints = {
+        :scheme => "http"
+      }.merge(hints)
+      case uri
+      when /^http:\/+/
+        uri.gsub!(/^http:\/+/, "http://")
+      when /^https:\/+/
+        uri.gsub!(/^https:\/+/, "https://")
+      when /^feed:\/+http:\/+/
+        uri.gsub!(/^feed:\/+http:\/+/, "feed:http://")
+      when /^feed:\/+/
+        uri.gsub!(/^feed:\/+/, "feed://")
+      when /^file:\/+/
+        uri.gsub!(/^file:\/+/, "file:///")
+      when /^\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}/
+        uri.gsub!(/^/, hints[:scheme] + "://")
+      end
+      match = uri.match(URIREGEX)
+      fragments = match.captures
+      authority = fragments[3]
+      if authority && authority.length > 0
+        new_authority = authority.gsub(/\\/, '/').gsub(/ /, '%20')
+        # NOTE: We want offset 4, not 3!
+        offset = match.offset(4)
+        uri[offset[0]...offset[1]] = new_authority
+      end
+      parsed = self.parse(uri)
+      if parsed.scheme =~ /^[^\/?#\.]+\.[^\/?#]+$/
+        parsed = self.parse(hints[:scheme] + "://" + uri)
+      end
+      if parsed.path.include?(".")
+        new_host = parsed.path[/^([^\/]+\.[^\/]*)/, 1]
+        if new_host
+          parsed.defer_validation do
+            new_path = parsed.path.gsub(
+              Regexp.new("^" + Regexp.escape(new_host)), EMPTY_STR)
+            parsed.host = new_host
+            parsed.path = new_path
+            parsed.scheme = hints[:scheme] unless parsed.scheme
+          end
+        end
+      end
+      return parsed
+    end
+
+    ##
+    # Converts a path to a file scheme URI. If the path supplied is
+    # relative, it will be returned as a relative URI. If the path supplied
+    # is actually a non-file URI, it will parse the URI as if it had been
+    # parsed with <code>Addressable::URI.parse</code>. Handles all of the
+    # various Microsoft-specific formats for specifying paths.
+    #
+    # @param [String, Addressable::URI, #to_str] path
+    #   Typically a <code>String</code> path to a file or directory, but
+    #   will return a sensible return value if an absolute URI is supplied
+    #   instead.
+    #
+    # @return [Addressable::URI]
+    #   The parsed file scheme URI or the original URI if some other URI
+    #   scheme was provided.
+    #
+    # @example
+    #   base = Addressable::URI.convert_path("/absolute/path/")
+    #   uri = Addressable::URI.convert_path("relative/path")
+    #   (base + uri).to_s
+    #   #=> "file:///absolute/path/relative/path"
+    #
+    #   Addressable::URI.convert_path(
+    #     "c:\\windows\\My Documents 100%20\\foo.txt"
+    #   ).to_s
+    #   #=> "file:///c:/windows/My%20Documents%20100%20/foo.txt"
+    #
+    #   Addressable::URI.convert_path("http://example.com/").to_s
+    #   #=> "http://example.com/"
+    def self.convert_path(path)
+      # If we were given nil, return nil.
+      return nil unless path
+      # If a URI object is passed, just return itself.
+      return path if path.kind_of?(self)
+      if !path.respond_to?(:to_str)
+        raise TypeError, "Can't convert #{path.class} into String."
+      end
+      # Otherwise, convert to a String
+      path = path.to_str.strip
+
+      path.gsub!(/^file:\/?\/?/, EMPTY_STR) if path =~ /^file:\/?\/?/
+      path = SLASH + path if path =~ /^([a-zA-Z])[\|:]/
+      uri = self.parse(path)
+
+      if uri.scheme == nil
+        # Adjust windows-style uris
+        uri.path.gsub!(/^\/?([a-zA-Z])[\|:][\\\/]/) do
+          "/#{$1.downcase}:/"
+        end
+        uri.path.gsub!(/\\/, SLASH)
+        if File.exist?(uri.path) &&
+            File.stat(uri.path).directory?
+          uri.path.gsub!(/\/$/, EMPTY_STR)
+          uri.path = uri.path + '/'
+        end
+
+        # If the path is absolute, set the scheme and host.
+        if uri.path =~ /^\//
+          uri.scheme = "file"
+          uri.host = EMPTY_STR
+        end
+        uri.normalize!
+      end
+
+      return uri
+    end
+
+    ##
+    # Joins several URIs together.
+    #
+    # @param [String, Addressable::URI, #to_str] *uris
+    #   The URIs to join.
+    #
+    # @return [Addressable::URI] The joined URI.
+    #
+    # @example
+    #   base = "http://example.com/"
+    #   uri = Addressable::URI.parse("relative/path")
+    #   Addressable::URI.join(base, uri)
+    #   #=> #<Addressable::URI:0xcab390 URI:http://example.com/relative/path>
+    def self.join(*uris)
+      uri_objects = uris.collect do |uri|
+        if !uri.respond_to?(:to_str)
+          raise TypeError, "Can't convert #{uri.class} into String."
+        end
+        uri.kind_of?(self) ? uri : self.parse(uri.to_str)
+      end
+      result = uri_objects.shift.dup
+      for uri in uri_objects
+        result.join!(uri)
+      end
+      return result
+    end
+
+    ##
+    # Percent encodes a URI component.
+    #
+    # @param [String, #to_str] component The URI component to encode.
+    #
+    # @param [String, Regexp] character_class
+    #   The characters which are not percent encoded. If a <code>String</code>
+    #   is passed, the <code>String</code> must be formatted as a regular
+    #   expression character class. (Do not include the surrounding square
+    #   brackets.)  For example, <code>"b-zB-Z0-9"</code> would cause
+    #   everything but the letters 'b' through 'z' and the numbers '0' through
+    #  '9' to be percent encoded. If a <code>Regexp</code> is passed, the
+    #   value <code>/[^b-zB-Z0-9]/</code> would have the same effect. A set of
+    #   useful <code>String</code> values may be found in the
+    #   <code>Addressable::URI::CharacterClasses</code> module. The default
+    #   value is the reserved plus unreserved character classes specified in
+    #   <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt">RFC 3986</a>.
+    #
+    # @param [Regexp] upcase_encoded
+    #   A string of characters that may already be percent encoded, and whose
+    #   encodings should be upcased. This allows normalization of percent
+    #   encodings for characters not included in the
+    #   <code>character_class</code>.
+    #
+    # @return [String] The encoded component.
+    #
+    # @example
+    #   Addressable::URI.encode_component("simple/example", "b-zB-Z0-9")
+    #   => "simple%2Fex%61mple"
+    #   Addressable::URI.encode_component("simple/example", /[^b-zB-Z0-9]/)
+    #   => "simple%2Fex%61mple"
+    #   Addressable::URI.encode_component(
+    #     "simple/example", Addressable::URI::CharacterClasses::UNRESERVED
+    #   )
+    #   => "simple%2Fexample"
+    def self.encode_component(component, character_class=
+        CharacterClasses::RESERVED + CharacterClasses::UNRESERVED,
+        upcase_encoded='')
+      return nil if component.nil?
+
+      begin
+        if component.kind_of?(Symbol) ||
+            component.kind_of?(Numeric) ||
+            component.kind_of?(TrueClass) ||
+            component.kind_of?(FalseClass)
+          component = component.to_s
+        else
+          component = component.to_str
+        end
+      rescue TypeError, NoMethodError
+        raise TypeError, "Can't convert #{component.class} into String."
+      end if !component.is_a? String
+
+      if ![String, Regexp].include?(character_class.class)
+        raise TypeError,
+          "Expected String or Regexp, got #{character_class.inspect}"
+      end
+      if character_class.kind_of?(String)
+        character_class = /[^#{character_class}]/
+      end
+      # We can't perform regexps on invalid UTF sequences, but
+      # here we need to, so switch to ASCII.
+      component = component.dup
+      component.force_encoding(Encoding::ASCII_8BIT)
+      # Avoiding gsub! because there are edge cases with frozen strings
+      component = component.gsub(character_class) do |sequence|
+        (sequence.unpack('C*').map { |c| "%" + ("%02x" % c).upcase }).join
+      end
+      if upcase_encoded.length > 0
+        component = component.gsub(/%(#{upcase_encoded.chars.map do |char|
+          char.unpack('C*').map { |c| '%02x' % c }.join
+        end.join('|')})/i) { |s| s.upcase }
+      end
+      return component
+    end
+
+    class << self
+      alias_method :encode_component, :encode_component
+    end
+
+    ##
+    # Unencodes any percent encoded characters within a URI component.
+    # This method may be used for unencoding either components or full URIs,
+    # however, it is recommended to use the <code>unencode_component</code>
+    # alias when unencoding components.
+    #
+    # @param [String, Addressable::URI, #to_str] uri
+    #   The URI or component to unencode.
+    #
+    # @param [Class] return_type
+    #   The type of object to return.
+    #   This value may only be set to <code>String</code> or
+    #   <code>Addressable::URI</code>. All other values are invalid. Defaults
+    #   to <code>String</code>.
+    #
+    # @param [String] leave_encoded
+    #   A string of characters to leave encoded. If a percent encoded character
+    #   in this list is encountered then it will remain percent encoded.
+    #
+    # @return [String, Addressable::URI]
+    #   The unencoded component or URI.
+    #   The return type is determined by the <code>return_type</code>
+    #   parameter.
+    def self.unencode(uri, return_type=String, leave_encoded='')
+      return nil if uri.nil?
+
+      begin
+        uri = uri.to_str
+      rescue NoMethodError, TypeError
+        raise TypeError, "Can't convert #{uri.class} into String."
+      end if !uri.is_a? String
+      if ![String, ::Addressable::URI].include?(return_type)
+        raise TypeError,
+          "Expected Class (String or Addressable::URI), " +
+          "got #{return_type.inspect}"
+      end
+      uri = uri.dup
+      # Seriously, only use UTF-8. I'm really not kidding!
+      uri.force_encoding("utf-8")
+      leave_encoded = leave_encoded.dup.force_encoding("utf-8")
+      result = uri.gsub(/%[0-9a-f]{2}/iu) do |sequence|
+        c = sequence[1..3].to_i(16).chr
+        c.force_encoding("utf-8")
+        leave_encoded.include?(c) ? sequence : c
+      end
+      result.force_encoding("utf-8")
+      if return_type == String
+        return result
+      elsif return_type == ::Addressable::URI
+        return ::Addressable::URI.parse(result)
+      end
+    end
+
+    class << self
+      alias_method :unescape, :unencode
+      alias_method :unencode_component, :unencode
+      alias_method :unescape_component, :unencode
+    end
+
+
+    ##
+    # Normalizes the encoding of a URI component.
+    #
+    # @param [String, #to_str] component The URI component to encode.
+    #
+    # @param [String, Regexp] character_class
+    #   The characters which are not percent encoded. If a <code>String</code>
+    #   is passed, the <code>String</code> must be formatted as a regular
+    #   expression character class. (Do not include the surrounding square
+    #   brackets.)  For example, <code>"b-zB-Z0-9"</code> would cause
+    #   everything but the letters 'b' through 'z' and the numbers '0'
+    #   through '9' to be percent encoded. If a <code>Regexp</code> is passed,
+    #   the value <code>/[^b-zB-Z0-9]/</code> would have the same effect. A
+    #   set of useful <code>String</code> values may be found in the
+    #   <code>Addressable::URI::CharacterClasses</code> module. The default
+    #   value is the reserved plus unreserved character classes specified in
+    #   <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt">RFC 3986</a>.
+    #
+    # @param [String] leave_encoded
+    #   When <code>character_class</code> is a <code>String</code> then
+    #   <code>leave_encoded</code> is a string of characters that should remain
+    #   percent encoded while normalizing the component; if they appear percent
+    #   encoded in the original component, then they will be upcased ("%2f"
+    #   normalized to "%2F") but otherwise left alone.
+    #
+    # @return [String] The normalized component.
+    #
+    # @example
+    #   Addressable::URI.normalize_component("simpl%65/%65xampl%65", "b-zB-Z")
+    #   => "simple%2Fex%61mple"
+    #   Addressable::URI.normalize_component(
+    #     "simpl%65/%65xampl%65", /[^b-zB-Z]/
+    #   )
+    #   => "simple%2Fex%61mple"
+    #   Addressable::URI.normalize_component(
+    #     "simpl%65/%65xampl%65",
+    #     Addressable::URI::CharacterClasses::UNRESERVED
+    #   )
+    #   => "simple%2Fexample"
+    #   Addressable::URI.normalize_component(
+    #     "one%20two%2fthree%26four",
+    #     "0-9a-zA-Z &/",
+    #     "/"
+    #   )
+    #   => "one two%2Fthree&four"
+    def self.normalize_component(component, character_class=
+        CharacterClasses::RESERVED + CharacterClasses::UNRESERVED,
+        leave_encoded='')
+      return nil if component.nil?
+
+      begin
+        component = component.to_str
+      rescue NoMethodError, TypeError
+        raise TypeError, "Can't convert #{component.class} into String."
+      end if !component.is_a? String
+
+      if ![String, Regexp].include?(character_class.class)
+        raise TypeError,
+          "Expected String or Regexp, got #{character_class.inspect}"
+      end
+      if character_class.kind_of?(String)
+        leave_re = if leave_encoded.length > 0
+          character_class = "#{character_class}%" unless character_class.include?('%')
+
+          "|%(?!#{leave_encoded.chars.map do |char|
+            seq = char.unpack('C*').map { |c| '%02x' % c }.join
+            [seq.upcase, seq.downcase]
+          end.flatten.join('|')})"
+        end
+
+        character_class = /[^#{character_class}]#{leave_re}/
+      end
+      # We can't perform regexps on invalid UTF sequences, but
+      # here we need to, so switch to ASCII.
+      component = component.dup
+      component.force_encoding(Encoding::ASCII_8BIT)
+      unencoded = self.unencode_component(component, String, leave_encoded)
+      begin
+        encoded = self.encode_component(
+          Addressable::IDNA.unicode_normalize_kc(unencoded),
+          character_class,
+          leave_encoded
+        )
+      rescue ArgumentError
+        encoded = self.encode_component(unencoded)
+      end
+      encoded.force_encoding(Encoding::UTF_8)
+      return encoded
+    end
+
+    ##
+    # Percent encodes any special characters in the URI.
+    #
+    # @param [String, Addressable::URI, #to_str] uri
+    #   The URI to encode.
+    #
+    # @param [Class] return_type
+    #   The type of object to return.
+    #   This value may only be set to <code>String</code> or
+    #   <code>Addressable::URI</code>. All other values are invalid. Defaults
+    #   to <code>String</code>.
+    #
+    # @return [String, Addressable::URI]
+    #   The encoded URI.
+    #   The return type is determined by the <code>return_type</code>
+    #   parameter.
+    def self.encode(uri, return_type=String)
+      return nil if uri.nil?
+
+      begin
+        uri = uri.to_str
+      rescue NoMethodError, TypeError
+        raise TypeError, "Can't convert #{uri.class} into String."
+      end if !uri.is_a? String
+
+      if ![String, ::Addressable::URI].include?(return_type)
+        raise TypeError,
+          "Expected Class (String or Addressable::URI), " +
+          "got #{return_type.inspect}"
+      end
+      uri_object = uri.kind_of?(self) ? uri : self.parse(uri)
+      encoded_uri = Addressable::URI.new(
+        :scheme => self.encode_component(uri_object.scheme,
+          Addressable::URI::CharacterClasses::SCHEME),
+        :authority => self.encode_component(uri_object.authority,
+          Addressable::URI::CharacterClasses::AUTHORITY),
+        :path => self.encode_component(uri_object.path,
+          Addressable::URI::CharacterClasses::PATH),
+        :query => self.encode_component(uri_object.query,
+          Addressable::URI::CharacterClasses::QUERY),
+        :fragment => self.encode_component(uri_object.fragment,
+          Addressable::URI::CharacterClasses::FRAGMENT)
+      )
+      if return_type == String
+        return encoded_uri.to_s
+      elsif return_type == ::Addressable::URI
+        return encoded_uri
+      end
+    end
+
+    class << self
+      alias_method :escape, :encode
+    end
+
+    ##
+    # Normalizes the encoding of a URI. Characters within a hostname are
+    # not percent encoded to allow for internationalized domain names.
+    #
+    # @param [String, Addressable::URI, #to_str] uri
+    #   The URI to encode.
+    #
+    # @param [Class] return_type
+    #   The type of object to return.
+    #   This value may only be set to <code>String</code> or
+    #   <code>Addressable::URI</code>. All other values are invalid. Defaults
+    #   to <code>String</code>.
+    #
+    # @return [String, Addressable::URI]
+    #   The encoded URI.
+    #   The return type is determined by the <code>return_type</code>
+    #   parameter.
+    def self.normalized_encode(uri, return_type=String)
+      begin
+        uri = uri.to_str
+      rescue NoMethodError, TypeError
+        raise TypeError, "Can't convert #{uri.class} into String."
+      end if !uri.is_a? String
+
+      if ![String, ::Addressable::URI].include?(return_type)
+        raise TypeError,
+          "Expected Class (String or Addressable::URI), " +
+          "got #{return_type.inspect}"
+      end
+      uri_object = uri.kind_of?(self) ? uri : self.parse(uri)
+      components = {
+        :scheme => self.unencode_component(uri_object.scheme),
+        :user => self.unencode_component(uri_object.user),
+        :password => self.unencode_component(uri_object.password),
+        :host => self.unencode_component(uri_object.host),
+        :port => (uri_object.port.nil? ? nil : uri_object.port.to_s),
+        :path => self.unencode_component(uri_object.path),
+        :query => self.unencode_component(uri_object.query),
+        :fragment => self.unencode_component(uri_object.fragment)
+      }
+      components.each do |key, value|
+        if value != nil
+          begin
+            components[key] =
+              Addressable::IDNA.unicode_normalize_kc(value.to_str)
+          rescue ArgumentError
+            # Likely a malformed UTF-8 character, skip unicode normalization
+            components[key] = value.to_str
+          end
+        end
+      end
+      encoded_uri = Addressable::URI.new(
+        :scheme => self.encode_component(components[:scheme],
+          Addressable::URI::CharacterClasses::SCHEME),
+        :user => self.encode_component(components[:user],
+          Addressable::URI::CharacterClasses::UNRESERVED),
+        :password => self.encode_component(components[:password],
+          Addressable::URI::CharacterClasses::UNRESERVED),
+        :host => components[:host],
+        :port => components[:port],
+        :path => self.encode_component(components[:path],
+          Addressable::URI::CharacterClasses::PATH),
+        :query => self.encode_component(components[:query],
+          Addressable::URI::CharacterClasses::QUERY),
+        :fragment => self.encode_component(components[:fragment],
+          Addressable::URI::CharacterClasses::FRAGMENT)
+      )
+      if return_type == String
+        return encoded_uri.to_s
+      elsif return_type == ::Addressable::URI
+        return encoded_uri
+      end
+    end
+
+    ##
+    # Encodes a set of key/value pairs according to the rules for the
+    # <code>application/x-www-form-urlencoded</code> MIME type.
+    #
+    # @param [#to_hash, #to_ary] form_values
+    #   The form values to encode.
+    #
+    # @param [TrueClass, FalseClass] sort
+    #   Sort the key/value pairs prior to encoding.
+    #   Defaults to <code>false</code>.
+    #
+    # @return [String]
+    #   The encoded value.
+    def self.form_encode(form_values, sort=false)
+      if form_values.respond_to?(:to_hash)
+        form_values = form_values.to_hash.to_a
+      elsif form_values.respond_to?(:to_ary)
+        form_values = form_values.to_ary
+      else
+        raise TypeError, "Can't convert #{form_values.class} into Array."
+      end
+
+      form_values = form_values.inject([]) do |accu, (key, value)|
+        if value.kind_of?(Array)
+          value.each do |v|
+            accu << [key.to_s, v.to_s]
+          end
+        else
+          accu << [key.to_s, value.to_s]
+        end
+        accu
+      end
+
+      if sort
+        # Useful for OAuth and optimizing caching systems
+        form_values = form_values.sort
+      end
+      escaped_form_values = form_values.map do |(key, value)|
+        # Line breaks are CRLF pairs
+        [
+          self.encode_component(
+            key.gsub(/(\r\n|\n|\r)/, "\r\n"),
+            CharacterClasses::UNRESERVED
+          ).gsub("%20", "+"),
+          self.encode_component(
+            value.gsub(/(\r\n|\n|\r)/, "\r\n"),
+            CharacterClasses::UNRESERVED
+          ).gsub("%20", "+")
+        ]
+      end
+      return escaped_form_values.map do |(key, value)|
+        "#{key}=#{value}"
+      end.join("&")
+    end
+
+    ##
+    # Decodes a <code>String</code> according to the rules for the
+    # <code>application/x-www-form-urlencoded</code> MIME type.
+    #
+    # @param [String, #to_str] encoded_value
+    #   The form values to decode.
+    #
+    # @return [Array]
+    #   The decoded values.
+    #   This is not a <code>Hash</code> because of the possibility for
+    #   duplicate keys.
+    def self.form_unencode(encoded_value)
+      if !encoded_value.respond_to?(:to_str)
+        raise TypeError, "Can't convert #{encoded_value.class} into String."
+      end
+      encoded_value = encoded_value.to_str
+      split_values = encoded_value.split("&").map do |pair|
+        pair.split("=", 2)
+      end
+      return split_values.map do |(key, value)|
+        [
+          key ? self.unencode_component(
+            key.gsub("+", "%20")).gsub(/(\r\n|\n|\r)/, "\n") : nil,
+          value ? (self.unencode_component(
+            value.gsub("+", "%20")).gsub(/(\r\n|\n|\r)/, "\n")) : nil
+        ]
+      end
+    end
+
+    ##
+    # Creates a new uri object from component parts.
+    #
+    # @option [String, #to_str] scheme The scheme component.
+    # @option [String, #to_str] user The user component.
+    # @option [String, #to_str] password The password component.
+    # @option [String, #to_str] userinfo
+    #   The userinfo component. If this is supplied, the user and password
+    #   components must be omitted.
+    # @option [String, #to_str] host The host component.
+    # @option [String, #to_str] port The port component.
+    # @option [String, #to_str] authority
+    #   The authority component. If this is supplied, the user, password,
+    #   userinfo, host, and port components must be omitted.
+    # @option [String, #to_str] path The path component.
+    # @option [String, #to_str] query The query component.
+    # @option [String, #to_str] fragment The fragment component.
+    #
+    # @return [Addressable::URI] The constructed URI object.
+    def initialize(options={})
+      if options.has_key?(:authority)
+        if (options.keys & [:userinfo, :user, :password, :host, :port]).any?
+          raise ArgumentError,
+            "Cannot specify both an authority and any of the components " +
+            "within the authority."
+        end
+      end
+      if options.has_key?(:userinfo)
+        if (options.keys & [:user, :password]).any?
+          raise ArgumentError,
+            "Cannot specify both a userinfo and either the user or password."
+        end
+      end
+
+      self.defer_validation do
+        # Bunch of crazy logic required because of the composite components
+        # like userinfo and authority.
+        self.scheme = options[:scheme] if options[:scheme]
+        self.user = options[:user] if options[:user]
+        self.password = options[:password] if options[:password]
+        self.userinfo = options[:userinfo] if options[:userinfo]
+        self.host = options[:host] if options[:host]
+        self.port = options[:port] if options[:port]
+        self.authority = options[:authority] if options[:authority]
+        self.path = options[:path] if options[:path]
+        self.query = options[:query] if options[:query]
+        self.query_values = options[:query_values] if options[:query_values]
+        self.fragment = options[:fragment] if options[:fragment]
+      end
+      self.to_s
+    end
+
+    ##
+    # Freeze URI, initializing instance variables.
+    #
+    # @return [Addressable::URI] The frozen URI object.
+    def freeze
+      self.normalized_scheme
+      self.normalized_user
+      self.normalized_password
+      self.normalized_userinfo
+      self.normalized_host
+      self.normalized_port
+      self.normalized_authority
+      self.normalized_site
+      self.normalized_path
+      self.normalized_query
+      self.normalized_fragment
+      self.hash
+      super
+    end
+
+    ##
+    # The scheme component for this URI.
+    #
+    # @return [String] The scheme component.
+    def scheme
+      return defined?(@scheme) ? @scheme : nil
+    end
+
+    ##
+    # The scheme component for this URI, normalized.
+    #
+    # @return [String] The scheme component, normalized.
+    def normalized_scheme
+      return nil unless self.scheme
+      @normalized_scheme ||= begin
+        if self.scheme =~ /^\s*ssh\+svn\s*$/i
+          "svn+ssh".dup
+        else
+          Addressable::URI.normalize_component(
+            self.scheme.strip.downcase,
+            Addressable::URI::CharacterClasses::SCHEME
+          )
+        end
+      end
+      # All normalized values should be UTF-8
+      @normalized_scheme.force_encoding(Encoding::UTF_8) if @normalized_scheme
+      @normalized_scheme
+    end
+
+    ##
+    # Sets the scheme component for this URI.
+    #
+    # @param [String, #to_str] new_scheme The new scheme component.
+    def scheme=(new_scheme)
+      if new_scheme && !new_scheme.respond_to?(:to_str)
+        raise TypeError, "Can't convert #{new_scheme.class} into String."
+      elsif new_scheme
+        new_scheme = new_scheme.to_str
+      end
+      if new_scheme && new_scheme !~ /\A[a-z][a-z0-9\.\+\-]*\z/i
+        raise InvalidURIError, "Invalid scheme format: #{new_scheme}"
+      end
+      @scheme = new_scheme
+      @scheme = nil if @scheme.to_s.strip.empty?
+
+      # Reset dependent values
+      remove_instance_variable(:@normalized_scheme) if defined?(@normalized_scheme)
+      remove_composite_values
+
+      # Ensure we haven't created an invalid URI
+      validate()
+    end
+
+    ##
+    # The user component for this URI.
+    #
+    # @return [String] The user component.
+    def user
+      return defined?(@user) ? @user : nil
+    end
+
+    ##
+    # The user component for this URI, normalized.
+    #
+    # @return [String] The user component, normalized.
+    def normalized_user
+      return nil unless self.user
+      return @normalized_user if defined?(@normalized_user)
+      @normalized_user ||= begin
+        if normalized_scheme =~ /https?/ && self.user.strip.empty? &&
+            (!self.password || self.password.strip.empty?)
+          nil
+        else
+          Addressable::URI.normalize_component(
+            self.user.strip,
+            Addressable::URI::CharacterClasses::UNRESERVED
+          )
+        end
+      end
+      # All normalized values should be UTF-8
+      @normalized_user.force_encoding(Encoding::UTF_8) if @normalized_user
+      @normalized_user
+    end
+
+    ##
+    # Sets the user component for this URI.
+    #
+    # @param [String, #to_str] new_user The new user component.
+    def user=(new_user)
+      if new_user && !new_user.respond_to?(:to_str)
+        raise TypeError, "Can't convert #{new_user.class} into String."
+      end
+      @user = new_user ? new_user.to_str : nil
+
+      # You can't have a nil user with a non-nil password
+      if password != nil
+        @user = EMPTY_STR if @user.nil?
+      end
+
+      # Reset dependent values
+      remove_instance_variable(:@userinfo) if defined?(@userinfo)
+      remove_instance_variable(:@normalized_userinfo) if defined?(@normalized_userinfo)
+      remove_instance_variable(:@authority) if defined?(@authority)
+      remove_instance_variable(:@normalized_user) if defined?(@normalized_user)
+      remove_composite_values
+
+      # Ensure we haven't created an invalid URI
+      validate()
+    end
+
+    ##
+    # The password component for this URI.
+    #
+    # @return [String] The password component.
+    def password
+      return defined?(@password) ? @password : nil
+    end
+
+    ##
+    # The password component for this URI, normalized.
+    #
+    # @return [String] The password component, normalized.
+    def normalized_password
+      return nil unless self.password
+      return @normalized_password if defined?(@normalized_password)
+      @normalized_password ||= begin
+        if self.normalized_scheme =~ /https?/ && self.password.strip.empty? &&
+            (!self.user || self.user.strip.empty?)
+          nil
+        else
+          Addressable::URI.normalize_component(
+            self.password.strip,
+            Addressable::URI::CharacterClasses::UNRESERVED
+          )
+        end
+      end
+      # All normalized values should be UTF-8
+      if @normalized_password
+        @normalized_password.force_encoding(Encoding::UTF_8)
+      end
+      @normalized_password
+    end
+
+    ##
+    # Sets the password component for this URI.
+    #
+    # @param [String, #to_str] new_password The new password component.
+    def password=(new_password)
+      if new_password && !new_password.respond_to?(:to_str)
+        raise TypeError, "Can't convert #{new_password.class} into String."
+      end
+      @password = new_password ? new_password.to_str : nil
+
+      # You can't have a nil user with a non-nil password
+      @password ||= nil
+      @user ||= nil
+      if @password != nil
+        @user = EMPTY_STR if @user.nil?
+      end
+
+      # Reset dependent values
+      remove_instance_variable(:@userinfo) if defined?(@userinfo)
+      remove_instance_variable(:@normalized_userinfo) if defined?(@normalized_userinfo)
+      remove_instance_variable(:@authority) if defined?(@authority)
+      remove_instance_variable(:@normalized_password) if defined?(@normalized_password)
+      remove_composite_values
+
+      # Ensure we haven't created an invalid URI
+      validate()
+    end
+
+    ##
+    # The userinfo component for this URI.
+    # Combines the user and password components.
+    #
+    # @return [String] The userinfo component.
+    def userinfo
+      current_user = self.user
+      current_password = self.password
+      (current_user || current_password) && @userinfo ||= begin
+        if current_user && current_password
+          "#{current_user}:#{current_password}"
+        elsif current_user && !current_password
+          "#{current_user}"
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    ##
+    # The userinfo component for this URI, normalized.
+    #
+    # @return [String] The userinfo component, normalized.
+    def normalized_userinfo
+      return nil unless self.userinfo
+      return @normalized_userinfo if defined?(@normalized_userinfo)
+      @normalized_userinfo ||= begin
+        current_user = self.normalized_user
+        current_password = self.normalized_password
+        if !current_user && !current_password
+          nil
+        elsif current_user && current_password
+          "#{current_user}:#{current_password}".dup
+        elsif current_user && !current_password
+          "#{current_user}".dup
+        end
+      end
+      # All normalized values should be UTF-8
+      if @normalized_userinfo
+        @normalized_userinfo.force_encoding(Encoding::UTF_8)
+      end
+      @normalized_userinfo
+    end
+
+    ##
+    # Sets the userinfo component for this URI.
+    #
+    # @param [String, #to_str] new_userinfo The new userinfo component.
+    def userinfo=(new_userinfo)
+      if new_userinfo && !new_userinfo.respond_to?(:to_str)
+        raise TypeError, "Can't convert #{new_userinfo.class} into String."
+      end
+      new_user, new_password = if new_userinfo
+        [
+          new_userinfo.to_str.strip[/^(.*):/, 1],
+          new_userinfo.to_str.strip[/:(.*)$/, 1]
+        ]
+      else
+        [nil, nil]
+      end
+
+      # Password assigned first to ensure validity in case of nil
+      self.password = new_password
+      self.user = new_user
+
+      # Reset dependent values
+      remove_instance_variable(:@authority) if defined?(@authority)
+      remove_composite_values
+
+      # Ensure we haven't created an invalid URI
+      validate()
+    end
+
+    ##
+    # The host component for this URI.
+    #
+    # @return [String] The host component.
+    def host
+      return defined?(@host) ? @host : nil
+    end
+
+    ##
+    # The host component for this URI, normalized.
+    #
+    # @return [String] The host component, normalized.
+    def normalized_host
+      return nil unless self.host
+      @normalized_host ||= begin
+        if !self.host.strip.empty?
+          result = ::Addressable::IDNA.to_ascii(
+            URI.unencode_component(self.host.strip.downcase)
+          )
+          if result =~ /[^\.]\.$/
+            # Single trailing dots are unnecessary.
+            result = result[0...-1]
+          end
+          result = Addressable::URI.normalize_component(
+            result,
+            CharacterClasses::HOST)
+          result
+        else
+          EMPTY_STR.dup
+        end
+      end
+      # All normalized values should be UTF-8
+      @normalized_host.force_encoding(Encoding::UTF_8) if @normalized_host
+      @normalized_host
+    end
+
+    ##
+    # Sets the host component for this URI.
+    #
+    # @param [String, #to_str] new_host The new host component.
+    def host=(new_host)
+      if new_host && !new_host.respond_to?(:to_str)
+        raise TypeError, "Can't convert #{new_host.class} into String."
+      end
+      @host = new_host ? new_host.to_str : nil
+
+      # Reset dependent values
+      remove_instance_variable(:@authority) if defined?(@authority)
+      remove_instance_variable(:@normalized_host) if defined?(@normalized_host)
+      remove_composite_values
+
+      # Ensure we haven't created an invalid URI
+      validate()
+    end
+
+    ##
+    # This method is same as URI::Generic#host except
+    # brackets for IPv6 (and 'IPvFuture') addresses are removed.
+    #
+    # @see Addressable::URI#host
+    #
+    # @return [String] The hostname for this URI.
+    def hostname
+      v = self.host
+      /\A\[(.*)\]\z/ =~ v ? $1 : v
+    end
+
+    ##
+    # This method is same as URI::Generic#host= except
+    # the argument can be a bare IPv6 address (or 'IPvFuture').
+    #
+    # @see Addressable::URI#host=
+    #
+    # @param [String, #to_str] new_hostname The new hostname for this URI.
+    def hostname=(new_hostname)
+      if new_hostname &&
+          (new_hostname.respond_to?(:ipv4?) || new_hostname.respond_to?(:ipv6?))
+        new_hostname = new_hostname.to_s
+      elsif new_hostname && !new_hostname.respond_to?(:to_str)
+        raise TypeError, "Can't convert #{new_hostname.class} into String."
+      end
+      v = new_hostname ? new_hostname.to_str : nil
+      v = "[#{v}]" if /\A\[.*\]\z/ !~ v && /:/ =~ v
+      self.host = v
+    end
+
+    ##
+    # Returns the top-level domain for this host.
+    #
+    # @example
+    #   Addressable::URI.parse("www.example.co.uk").tld # => "co.uk"
+    def tld
+      PublicSuffix.parse(self.host, ignore_private: true).tld
+    end
+
+    ##
+    # Returns the public suffix domain for this host.
+    #
+    # @example
+    #   Addressable::URI.parse("www.example.co.uk").domain # => "example.co.uk"
+    def domain
+      PublicSuffix.domain(self.host, ignore_private: true)
+    end
+
+    ##
+    # The authority component for this URI.
+    # Combines the user, password, host, and port components.
+    #
+    # @return [String] The authority component.
+    def authority
+      self.host && @authority ||= begin
+        authority = String.new
+        if self.userinfo != nil
+          authority << "#{self.userinfo}@"
+        end
+        authority << self.host
+        if self.port != nil
+          authority << ":#{self.port}"
+        end
+        authority
+      end
+    end
+
+    ##
+    # The authority component for this URI, normalized.
+    #
+    # @return [String] The authority component, normalized.
+    def normalized_authority
+      return nil unless self.authority
+      @normalized_authority ||= begin
+        authority = String.new
+        if self.normalized_userinfo != nil
+          authority << "#{self.normalized_userinfo}@"
+        end
+        authority << self.normalized_host
+        if self.normalized_port != nil
+          authority << ":#{self.normalized_port}"
+        end
+        authority
+      end
+      # All normalized values should be UTF-8
+      if @normalized_authority
+        @normalized_authority.force_encoding(Encoding::UTF_8)
+      end
+      @normalized_authority
+    end
+
+    ##
+    # Sets the authority component for this URI.
+    #
+    # @param [String, #to_str] new_authority The new authority component.
+    def authority=(new_authority)
+      if new_authority
+        if !new_authority.respond_to?(:to_str)
+          raise TypeError, "Can't convert #{new_authority.class} into String."
+        end
+        new_authority = new_authority.to_str
+        new_userinfo = new_authority[/^([^\[\]]*)@/, 1]
+        if new_userinfo
+          new_user = new_userinfo.strip[/^([^:]*):?/, 1]
+          new_password = new_userinfo.strip[/:(.*)$/, 1]
+        end
+        new_host = new_authority.gsub(
+          /^([^\[\]]*)@/, EMPTY_STR
+        ).gsub(
+          /:([^:@\[\]]*?)$/, EMPTY_STR
+        )
+        new_port =
+          new_authority[/:([^:@\[\]]*?)$/, 1]
+      end
+
+      # Password assigned first to ensure validity in case of nil
+      self.password = defined?(new_password) ? new_password : nil
+      self.user = defined?(new_user) ? new_user : nil
+      self.host = defined?(new_host) ? new_host : nil
+      self.port = defined?(new_port) ? new_port : nil
+
+      # Reset dependent values
+      remove_instance_variable(:@userinfo) if defined?(@userinfo)
+      remove_instance_variable(:@normalized_userinfo) if defined?(@normalized_userinfo)
+      remove_composite_values
+
+      # Ensure we haven't created an invalid URI
+      validate()
+    end
+
+    ##
+    # The origin for this URI, serialized to ASCII, as per
+    # RFC 6454, section 6.2.
+    #
+    # @return [String] The serialized origin.
+    def origin
+      if self.scheme && self.authority
+        if self.normalized_port
+          "#{self.normalized_scheme}://#{self.normalized_host}" +
+          ":#{self.normalized_port}"
+        else
+          "#{self.normalized_scheme}://#{self.normalized_host}"
+        end
+      else
+        "null"
+      end
+    end
+
+    ##
+    # Sets the origin for this URI, serialized to ASCII, as per
+    # RFC 6454, section 6.2. This assignment will reset the `userinfo`
+    # component.
+    #
+    # @param [String, #to_str] new_origin The new origin component.
+    def origin=(new_origin)
+      if new_origin
+        if !new_origin.respond_to?(:to_str)
+          raise TypeError, "Can't convert #{new_origin.class} into String."
+        end
+        new_origin = new_origin.to_str
+        new_scheme = new_origin[/^([^:\/?#]+):\/\//, 1]
+        unless new_scheme
+          raise InvalidURIError, 'An origin cannot omit the scheme.'
+        end
+        new_host = new_origin[/:\/\/([^\/?#:]+)/, 1]
+        unless new_host
+          raise InvalidURIError, 'An origin cannot omit the host.'
+        end
+        new_port = new_origin[/:([^:@\[\]\/]*?)$/, 1]
+      end
+
+      self.scheme = defined?(new_scheme) ? new_scheme : nil
+      self.host = defined?(new_host) ? new_host : nil
+      self.port = defined?(new_port) ? new_port : nil
+      self.userinfo = nil
+
+      # Reset dependent values
+      remove_instance_variable(:@userinfo) if defined?(@userinfo)
+      remove_instance_variable(:@normalized_userinfo) if defined?(@normalized_userinfo)
+      remove_instance_variable(:@authority) if defined?(@authority)
+      remove_instance_variable(:@normalized_authority) if defined?(@normalized_authority)
+      remove_composite_values
+
+      # Ensure we haven't created an invalid URI
+      validate()
+    end
+
+    # Returns an array of known ip-based schemes. These schemes typically
+    # use a similar URI form:
+    # <code>//<user>:<password>@<host>:<port>/<url-path></code>
+    def self.ip_based_schemes
+      return self.port_mapping.keys
+    end
+
+    # Returns a hash of common IP-based schemes and their default port
+    # numbers. Adding new schemes to this hash, as necessary, will allow
+    # for better URI normalization.
+    def self.port_mapping
+      PORT_MAPPING
+    end
+
+    ##
+    # The port component for this URI.
+    # This is the port number actually given in the URI. This does not
+    # infer port numbers from default values.
+    #
+    # @return [Integer] The port component.
+    def port
+      return defined?(@port) ? @port : nil
+    end
+
+    ##
+    # The port component for this URI, normalized.
+    #
+    # @return [Integer] The port component, normalized.
+    def normalized_port
+      return nil unless self.port
+      return @normalized_port if defined?(@normalized_port)
+      @normalized_port ||= begin
+        if URI.port_mapping[self.normalized_scheme] == self.port
+          nil
+        else
+          self.port
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    ##
+    # Sets the port component for this URI.
+    #
+    # @param [String, Integer, #to_s] new_port The new port component.
+    def port=(new_port)
+      if new_port != nil && new_port.respond_to?(:to_str)
+        new_port = Addressable::URI.unencode_component(new_port.to_str)
+      end
+
+      if new_port.respond_to?(:valid_encoding?) && !new_port.valid_encoding?
+        raise InvalidURIError, "Invalid encoding in port"
+      end
+
+      if new_port != nil && !(new_port.to_s =~ /^\d+$/)
+        raise InvalidURIError,
+          "Invalid port number: #{new_port.inspect}"
+      end
+
+      @port = new_port.to_s.to_i
+      @port = nil if @port == 0
+
+      # Reset dependent values
+      remove_instance_variable(:@authority) if defined?(@authority)
+      remove_instance_variable(:@normalized_port) if defined?(@normalized_port)
+      remove_composite_values
+
+      # Ensure we haven't created an invalid URI
+      validate()
+    end
+
+    ##
+    # The inferred port component for this URI.
+    # This method will normalize to the default port for the URI's scheme if
+    # the port isn't explicitly specified in the URI.
+    #
+    # @return [Integer] The inferred port component.
+    def inferred_port
+      if self.port.to_i == 0
+        self.default_port
+      else
+        self.port.to_i
+      end
+    end
+
+    ##
+    # The default port for this URI's scheme.
+    # This method will always returns the default port for the URI's scheme
+    # regardless of the presence of an explicit port in the URI.
+    #
+    # @return [Integer] The default port.
+    def default_port
+      URI.port_mapping[self.scheme.strip.downcase] if self.scheme
+    end
+
+    ##
+    # The combination of components that represent a site.
+    # Combines the scheme, user, password, host, and port components.
+    # Primarily useful for HTTP and HTTPS.
+    #
+    # For example, <code>"http://example.com/path?query"</code> would have a
+    # <code>site</code> value of <code>"http://example.com"</code>.
+    #
+    # @return [String] The components that identify a site.
+    def site
+      (self.scheme || self.authority) && @site ||= begin
+        site_string = "".dup
+        site_string << "#{self.scheme}:" if self.scheme != nil
+        site_string << "//#{self.authority}" if self.authority != nil
+        site_string
+      end
+    end
+
+    ##
+    # The normalized combination of components that represent a site.
+    # Combines the scheme, user, password, host, and port components.
+    # Primarily useful for HTTP and HTTPS.
+    #
+    # For example, <code>"http://example.com/path?query"</code> would have a
+    # <code>site</code> value of <code>"http://example.com"</code>.
+    #
+    # @return [String] The normalized components that identify a site.
+    def normalized_site
+      return nil unless self.site
+      @normalized_site ||= begin
+        site_string = "".dup
+        if self.normalized_scheme != nil
+          site_string << "#{self.normalized_scheme}:"
+        end
+        if self.normalized_authority != nil
+          site_string << "//#{self.normalized_authority}"
+        end
+        site_string
+      end
+      # All normalized values should be UTF-8
+      @normalized_site.force_encoding(Encoding::UTF_8) if @normalized_site
+      @normalized_site
+    end
+
+    ##
+    # Sets the site value for this URI.
+    #
+    # @param [String, #to_str] new_site The new site value.
+    def site=(new_site)
+      if new_site
+        if !new_site.respond_to?(:to_str)
+          raise TypeError, "Can't convert #{new_site.class} into String."
+        end
+        new_site = new_site.to_str
+        # These two regular expressions derived from the primary parsing
+        # expression
+        self.scheme = new_site[/^(?:([^:\/?#]+):)?(?:\/\/(?:[^\/?#]*))?$/, 1]
+        self.authority = new_site[
+          /^(?:(?:[^:\/?#]+):)?(?:\/\/([^\/?#]*))?$/, 1
+        ]
+      else
+        self.scheme = nil
+        self.authority = nil
+      end
+    end
+
+    ##
+    # The path component for this URI.
+    #
+    # @return [String] The path component.
+    def path
+      return defined?(@path) ? @path : EMPTY_STR
+    end
+
+    NORMPATH = /^(?!\/)[^\/:]*:.*$/
+    ##
+    # The path component for this URI, normalized.
+    #
+    # @return [String] The path component, normalized.
+    def normalized_path
+      @normalized_path ||= begin
+        path = self.path.to_s
+        if self.scheme == nil && path =~ NORMPATH
+          # Relative paths with colons in the first segment are ambiguous.
+          path = path.sub(":", "%2F")
+        end
+        # String#split(delimeter, -1) uses the more strict splitting behavior
+        # found by default in Python.
+        result = path.strip.split(SLASH, -1).map do |segment|
+          Addressable::URI.normalize_component(
+            segment,
+            Addressable::URI::CharacterClasses::PCHAR
+          )
+        end.join(SLASH)
+
+        result = URI.normalize_path(result)
+        if result.empty? &&
+            ["http", "https", "ftp", "tftp"].include?(self.normalized_scheme)
+          result = SLASH.dup
+        end
+        result
+      end
+      # All normalized values should be UTF-8
+      @normalized_path.force_encoding(Encoding::UTF_8) if @normalized_path
+      @normalized_path
+    end
+
+    ##
+    # Sets the path component for this URI.
+    #
+    # @param [String, #to_str] new_path The new path component.
+    def path=(new_path)
+      if new_path && !new_path.respond_to?(:to_str)
+        raise TypeError, "Can't convert #{new_path.class} into String."
+      end
+      @path = (new_path || EMPTY_STR).to_str
+      if !@path.empty? && @path[0..0] != SLASH && host != nil
+        @path = "/#{@path}"
+      end
+
+      # Reset dependent values
+      remove_instance_variable(:@normalized_path) if defined?(@normalized_path)
+      remove_composite_values
+
+      # Ensure we haven't created an invalid URI
+      validate()
+    end
+
+    ##
+    # The basename, if any, of the file in the path component.
+    #
+    # @return [String] The path's basename.
+    def basename
+      # Path cannot be nil
+      return File.basename(self.path).gsub(/;[^\/]*$/, EMPTY_STR)
+    end
+
+    ##
+    # The extname, if any, of the file in the path component.
+    # Empty string if there is no extension.
+    #
+    # @return [String] The path's extname.
+    def extname
+      return nil unless self.path
+      return File.extname(self.basename)
+    end
+
+    ##
+    # The query component for this URI.
+    #
+    # @return [String] The query component.
+    def query
+      return defined?(@query) ? @query : nil
+    end
+
+    ##
+    # The query component for this URI, normalized.
+    #
+    # @return [String] The query component, normalized.
+    def normalized_query(*flags)
+      return nil unless self.query
+      return @normalized_query if defined?(@normalized_query)
+      @normalized_query ||= begin
+        modified_query_class = Addressable::URI::CharacterClasses::QUERY.dup
+        # Make sure possible key-value pair delimiters are escaped.
+        modified_query_class.sub!("\\&", "").sub!("\\;", "")
+        pairs = (self.query || "").split("&", -1)
+        pairs.sort! if flags.include?(:sorted)
+        component = pairs.map do |pair|
+          Addressable::URI.normalize_component(pair, modified_query_class, "+")
+        end.join("&")
+        component == "" ? nil : component
+      end
+      # All normalized values should be UTF-8
+      @normalized_query.force_encoding(Encoding::UTF_8) if @normalized_query
+      @normalized_query
+    end
+
+    ##
+    # Sets the query component for this URI.
+    #
+    # @param [String, #to_str] new_query The new query component.
+    def query=(new_query)
+      if new_query && !new_query.respond_to?(:to_str)
+        raise TypeError, "Can't convert #{new_query.class} into String."
+      end
+      @query = new_query ? new_query.to_str : nil
+
+      # Reset dependent values
+      remove_instance_variable(:@normalized_query) if defined?(@normalized_query)
+      remove_composite_values
+    end
+
+    ##
+    # Converts the query component to a Hash value.
+    #
+    # @param [Class] return_type The return type desired. Value must be either
+    #   `Hash` or `Array`.
+    #
+    # @return [Hash, Array, nil] The query string parsed as a Hash or Array
+    #   or nil if the query string is blank.
+    #
+    # @example
+    #   Addressable::URI.parse("?one=1&two=2&three=3").query_values
+    #   #=> {"one" => "1", "two" => "2", "three" => "3"}
+    #   Addressable::URI.parse("?one=two&one=three").query_values(Array)
+    #   #=> [["one", "two"], ["one", "three"]]
+    #   Addressable::URI.parse("?one=two&one=three").query_values(Hash)
+    #   #=> {"one" => "three"}
+    #   Addressable::URI.parse("?").query_values
+    #   #=> {}
+    #   Addressable::URI.parse("").query_values
+    #   #=> nil
+    def query_values(return_type=Hash)
+      empty_accumulator = Array == return_type ? [] : {}
+      if return_type != Hash && return_type != Array
+        raise ArgumentError, "Invalid return type. Must be Hash or Array."
+      end
+      return nil if self.query == nil
+      split_query = self.query.split("&").map do |pair|
+        pair.split("=", 2) if pair && !pair.empty?
+      end.compact
+      return split_query.inject(empty_accumulator.dup) do |accu, pair|
+        # I'd rather use key/value identifiers instead of array lookups,
+        # but in this case I really want to maintain the exact pair structure,
+        # so it's best to make all changes in-place.
+        pair[0] = URI.unencode_component(pair[0])
+        if pair[1].respond_to?(:to_str)
+          # I loathe the fact that I have to do this. Stupid HTML 4.01.
+          # Treating '+' as a space was just an unbelievably bad idea.
+          # There was nothing wrong with '%20'!
+          # If it ain't broke, don't fix it!
+          pair[1] = URI.unencode_component(pair[1].to_str.gsub(/\+/, " "))
+        end
+        if return_type == Hash
+          accu[pair[0]] = pair[1]
+        else
+          accu << pair
+        end
+        accu
+      end
+    end
+
+    ##
+    # Sets the query component for this URI from a Hash object.
+    # An empty Hash or Array will result in an empty query string.
+    #
+    # @param [Hash, #to_hash, Array] new_query_values The new query values.
+    #
+    # @example
+    #   uri.query_values = {:a => "a", :b => ["c", "d", "e"]}
+    #   uri.query
+    #   # => "a=a&b=c&b=d&b=e"
+    #   uri.query_values = [['a', 'a'], ['b', 'c'], ['b', 'd'], ['b', 'e']]
+    #   uri.query
+    #   # => "a=a&b=c&b=d&b=e"
+    #   uri.query_values = [['a', 'a'], ['b', ['c', 'd', 'e']]]
+    #   uri.query
+    #   # => "a=a&b=c&b=d&b=e"
+    #   uri.query_values = [['flag'], ['key', 'value']]
+    #   uri.query
+    #   # => "flag&key=value"
+    def query_values=(new_query_values)
+      if new_query_values == nil
+        self.query = nil
+        return nil
+      end
+
+      if !new_query_values.is_a?(Array)
+        if !new_query_values.respond_to?(:to_hash)
+          raise TypeError,
+            "Can't convert #{new_query_values.class} into Hash."
+        end
+        new_query_values = new_query_values.to_hash
+        new_query_values = new_query_values.map do |key, value|
+          key = key.to_s if key.kind_of?(Symbol)
+          [key, value]
+        end
+        # Useful default for OAuth and caching.
+        # Only to be used for non-Array inputs. Arrays should preserve order.
+        new_query_values.sort!
+      end
+
+      # new_query_values have form [['key1', 'value1'], ['key2', 'value2']]
+      buffer = "".dup
+      new_query_values.each do |key, value|
+        encoded_key = URI.encode_component(
+          key, CharacterClasses::UNRESERVED
+        )
+        if value == nil
+          buffer << "#{encoded_key}&"
+        elsif value.kind_of?(Array)
+          value.each do |sub_value|
+            encoded_value = URI.encode_component(
+              sub_value, CharacterClasses::UNRESERVED
+            )
+            buffer << "#{encoded_key}=#{encoded_value}&"
+          end
+        else
+          encoded_value = URI.encode_component(
+            value, CharacterClasses::UNRESERVED
+          )
+          buffer << "#{encoded_key}=#{encoded_value}&"
+        end
+      end
+      self.query = buffer.chop
+    end
+
+    ##
+    # The HTTP request URI for this URI.  This is the path and the
+    # query string.
+    #
+    # @return [String] The request URI required for an HTTP request.
+    def request_uri
+      return nil if self.absolute? && self.scheme !~ /^https?$/i
+      return (
+        (!self.path.empty? ? self.path : SLASH) +
+        (self.query ? "?#{self.query}" : EMPTY_STR)
+      )
+    end
+
+    ##
+    # Sets the HTTP request URI for this URI.
+    #
+    # @param [String, #to_str] new_request_uri The new HTTP request URI.
+    def request_uri=(new_request_uri)
+      if !new_request_uri.respond_to?(:to_str)
+        raise TypeError, "Can't convert #{new_request_uri.class} into String."
+      end
+      if self.absolute? && self.scheme !~ /^https?$/i
+        raise InvalidURIError,
+          "Cannot set an HTTP request URI for a non-HTTP URI."
+      end
+      new_request_uri = new_request_uri.to_str
+      path_component = new_request_uri[/^([^\?]*)\?(?:.*)$/, 1]
+      query_component = new_request_uri[/^(?:[^\?]*)\?(.*)$/, 1]
+      path_component = path_component.to_s
+      path_component = (!path_component.empty? ? path_component : SLASH)
+      self.path = path_component
+      self.query = query_component
+
+      # Reset dependent values
+      remove_composite_values
+    end
+
+    ##
+    # The fragment component for this URI.
+    #
+    # @return [String] The fragment component.
+    def fragment
+      return defined?(@fragment) ? @fragment : nil
+    end
+
+    ##
+    # The fragment component for this URI, normalized.
+    #
+    # @return [String] The fragment component, normalized.
+    def normalized_fragment
+      return nil unless self.fragment
+      return @normalized_fragment if defined?(@normalized_fragment)
+      @normalized_fragment ||= begin
+        component = Addressable::URI.normalize_component(
+          self.fragment,
+          Addressable::URI::CharacterClasses::FRAGMENT
+        )
+        component == "" ? nil : component
+      end
+      # All normalized values should be UTF-8
+      if @normalized_fragment
+        @normalized_fragment.force_encoding(Encoding::UTF_8)
+      end
+      @normalized_fragment
+    end
+
+    ##
+    # Sets the fragment component for this URI.
+    #
+    # @param [String, #to_str] new_fragment The new fragment component.
+    def fragment=(new_fragment)
+      if new_fragment && !new_fragment.respond_to?(:to_str)
+        raise TypeError, "Can't convert #{new_fragment.class} into String."
+      end
+      @fragment = new_fragment ? new_fragment.to_str : nil
+
+      # Reset dependent values
+      remove_instance_variable(:@normalized_fragment) if defined?(@normalized_fragment)
+      remove_composite_values
+
+      # Ensure we haven't created an invalid URI
+      validate()
+    end
+
+    ##
+    # Determines if the scheme indicates an IP-based protocol.
+    #
+    # @return [TrueClass, FalseClass]
+    #   <code>true</code> if the scheme indicates an IP-based protocol.
+    #   <code>false</code> otherwise.
+    def ip_based?
+      if self.scheme
+        return URI.ip_based_schemes.include?(
+          self.scheme.strip.downcase)
+      end
+      return false
+    end
+
+    ##
+    # Determines if the URI is relative.
+    #
+    # @return [TrueClass, FalseClass]
+    #   <code>true</code> if the URI is relative. <code>false</code>
+    #   otherwise.
+    def relative?
+      return self.scheme.nil?
+    end
+
+    ##
+    # Determines if the URI is absolute.
+    #
+    # @return [TrueClass, FalseClass]
+    #   <code>true</code> if the URI is absolute. <code>false</code>
+    #   otherwise.
+    def absolute?
+      return !relative?
+    end
+
+    ##
+    # Joins two URIs together.
+    #
+    # @param [String, Addressable::URI, #to_str] The URI to join with.
+    #
+    # @return [Addressable::URI] The joined URI.
+    def join(uri)
+      if !uri.respond_to?(:to_str)
+        raise TypeError, "Can't convert #{uri.class} into String."
+      end
+      if !uri.kind_of?(URI)
+        # Otherwise, convert to a String, then parse.
+        uri = URI.parse(uri.to_str)
+      end
+      if uri.to_s.empty?
+        return self.dup
+      end
+
+      joined_scheme = nil
+      joined_user = nil
+      joined_password = nil
+      joined_host = nil
+      joined_port = nil
+      joined_path = nil
+      joined_query = nil
+      joined_fragment = nil
+
+      # Section 5.2.2 of RFC 3986
+      if uri.scheme != nil
+        joined_scheme = uri.scheme
+        joined_user = uri.user
+        joined_password = uri.password
+        joined_host = uri.host
+        joined_port = uri.port
+        joined_path = URI.normalize_path(uri.path)
+        joined_query = uri.query
+      else
+        if uri.authority != nil
+          joined_user = uri.user
+          joined_password = uri.password
+          joined_host = uri.host
+          joined_port = uri.port
+          joined_path = URI.normalize_path(uri.path)
+          joined_query = uri.query
+        else
+          if uri.path == nil || uri.path.empty?
+            joined_path = self.path
+            if uri.query != nil
+              joined_query = uri.query
+            else
+              joined_query = self.query
+            end
+          else
+            if uri.path[0..0] == SLASH
+              joined_path = URI.normalize_path(uri.path)
+            else
+              base_path = self.path.dup
+              base_path = EMPTY_STR if base_path == nil
+              base_path = URI.normalize_path(base_path)
+
+              # Section 5.2.3 of RFC 3986
+              #
+              # Removes the right-most path segment from the base path.
+              if base_path =~ /\//
+                base_path.gsub!(/\/[^\/]+$/, SLASH)
+              else
+                base_path = EMPTY_STR
+              end
+
+              # If the base path is empty and an authority segment has been
+              # defined, use a base path of SLASH
+              if base_path.empty? && self.authority != nil
+                base_path = SLASH
+              end
+
+              joined_path = URI.normalize_path(base_path + uri.path)
+            end
+            joined_query = uri.query
+          end
+          joined_user = self.user
+          joined_password = self.password
+          joined_host = self.host
+          joined_port = self.port
+        end
+        joined_scheme = self.scheme
+      end
+      joined_fragment = uri.fragment
+
+      return self.class.new(
+        :scheme => joined_scheme,
+        :user => joined_user,
+        :password => joined_password,
+        :host => joined_host,
+        :port => joined_port,
+        :path => joined_path,
+        :query => joined_query,
+        :fragment => joined_fragment
+      )
+    end
+    alias_method :+, :join
+
+    ##
+    # Destructive form of <code>join</code>.
+    #
+    # @param [String, Addressable::URI, #to_str] The URI to join with.
+    #
+    # @return [Addressable::URI] The joined URI.
+    #
+    # @see Addressable::URI#join
+    def join!(uri)
+      replace_self(self.join(uri))
+    end
+
+    ##
+    # Merges a URI with a <code>Hash</code> of components.
+    # This method has different behavior from <code>join</code>. Any
+    # components present in the <code>hash</code> parameter will override the
+    # original components. The path component is not treated specially.
+    #
+    # @param [Hash, Addressable::URI, #to_hash] The components to merge with.
+    #
+    # @return [Addressable::URI] The merged URI.
+    #
+    # @see Hash#merge
+    def merge(hash)
+      if !hash.respond_to?(:to_hash)
+        raise TypeError, "Can't convert #{hash.class} into Hash."
+      end
+      hash = hash.to_hash
+
+      if hash.has_key?(:authority)
+        if (hash.keys & [:userinfo, :user, :password, :host, :port]).any?
+          raise ArgumentError,
+            "Cannot specify both an authority and any of the components " +
+            "within the authority."
+        end
+      end
+      if hash.has_key?(:userinfo)
+        if (hash.keys & [:user, :password]).any?
+          raise ArgumentError,
+            "Cannot specify both a userinfo and either the user or password."
+        end
+      end
+
+      uri = self.class.new
+      uri.defer_validation do
+        # Bunch of crazy logic required because of the composite components
+        # like userinfo and authority.
+        uri.scheme =
+          hash.has_key?(:scheme) ? hash[:scheme] : self.scheme
+        if hash.has_key?(:authority)
+          uri.authority =
+            hash.has_key?(:authority) ? hash[:authority] : self.authority
+        end
+        if hash.has_key?(:userinfo)
+          uri.userinfo =
+            hash.has_key?(:userinfo) ? hash[:userinfo] : self.userinfo
+        end
+        if !hash.has_key?(:userinfo) && !hash.has_key?(:authority)
+          uri.user =
+            hash.has_key?(:user) ? hash[:user] : self.user
+          uri.password =
+            hash.has_key?(:password) ? hash[:password] : self.password
+        end
+        if !hash.has_key?(:authority)
+          uri.host =
+            hash.has_key?(:host) ? hash[:host] : self.host
+          uri.port =
+            hash.has_key?(:port) ? hash[:port] : self.port
+        end
+        uri.path =
+          hash.has_key?(:path) ? hash[:path] : self.path
+        uri.query =
+          hash.has_key?(:query) ? hash[:query] : self.query
+        uri.fragment =
+          hash.has_key?(:fragment) ? hash[:fragment] : self.fragment
+      end
+
+      return uri
+    end
+
+    ##
+    # Destructive form of <code>merge</code>.
+    #
+    # @param [Hash, Addressable::URI, #to_hash] The components to merge with.
+    #
+    # @return [Addressable::URI] The merged URI.
+    #
+    # @see Addressable::URI#merge
+    def merge!(uri)
+      replace_self(self.merge(uri))
+    end
+
+    ##
+    # Returns the shortest normalized relative form of this URI that uses the
+    # supplied URI as a base for resolution. Returns an absolute URI if
+    # necessary. This is effectively the opposite of <code>route_to</code>.
+    #
+    # @param [String, Addressable::URI, #to_str] uri The URI to route from.
+    #
+    # @return [Addressable::URI]
+    #   The normalized relative URI that is equivalent to the original URI.
+    def route_from(uri)
+      uri = URI.parse(uri).normalize
+      normalized_self = self.normalize
+      if normalized_self.relative?
+        raise ArgumentError, "Expected absolute URI, got: #{self.to_s}"
+      end
+      if uri.relative?
+        raise ArgumentError, "Expected absolute URI, got: #{uri.to_s}"
+      end
+      if normalized_self == uri
+        return Addressable::URI.parse("##{normalized_self.fragment}")
+      end
+      components = normalized_self.to_hash
+      if normalized_self.scheme == uri.scheme
+        components[:scheme] = nil
+        if normalized_self.authority == uri.authority
+          components[:user] = nil
+          components[:password] = nil
+          components[:host] = nil
+          components[:port] = nil
+          if normalized_self.path == uri.path
+            components[:path] = nil
+            if normalized_self.query == uri.query
+              components[:query] = nil
+            end
+          else
+            if uri.path != SLASH and components[:path]
+              self_splitted_path = split_path(components[:path])
+              uri_splitted_path = split_path(uri.path)
+              self_dir = self_splitted_path.shift
+              uri_dir = uri_splitted_path.shift
+              while !self_splitted_path.empty? && !uri_splitted_path.empty? and self_dir == uri_dir
+                self_dir = self_splitted_path.shift
+                uri_dir = uri_splitted_path.shift
+              end
+              components[:path] = (uri_splitted_path.fill('..') + [self_dir] + self_splitted_path).join(SLASH)
+            end
+          end
+        end
+      end
+      # Avoid network-path references.
+      if components[:host] != nil
+        components[:scheme] = normalized_self.scheme
+      end
+      return Addressable::URI.new(
+        :scheme => components[:scheme],
+        :user => components[:user],
+        :password => components[:password],
+        :host => components[:host],
+        :port => components[:port],
+        :path => components[:path],
+        :query => components[:query],
+        :fragment => components[:fragment]
+      )
+    end
+
+    ##
+    # Returns the shortest normalized relative form of the supplied URI that
+    # uses this URI as a base for resolution. Returns an absolute URI if
+    # necessary. This is effectively the opposite of <code>route_from</code>.
+    #
+    # @param [String, Addressable::URI, #to_str] uri The URI to route to.
+    #
+    # @return [Addressable::URI]
+    #   The normalized relative URI that is equivalent to the supplied URI.
+    def route_to(uri)
+      return URI.parse(uri).route_from(self)
+    end
+
+    ##
+    # Returns a normalized URI object.
+    #
+    # NOTE: This method does not attempt to fully conform to specifications.
+    # It exists largely to correct other people's failures to read the
+    # specifications, and also to deal with caching issues since several
+    # different URIs may represent the same resource and should not be
+    # cached multiple times.
+    #
+    # @return [Addressable::URI] The normalized URI.
+    def normalize
+      # This is a special exception for the frequently misused feed
+      # URI scheme.
+      if normalized_scheme == "feed"
+        if self.to_s =~ /^feed:\/*http:\/*/
+          return URI.parse(
+            self.to_s[/^feed:\/*(http:\/*.*)/, 1]
+          ).normalize
+        end
+      end
+
+      return self.class.new(
+        :scheme => normalized_scheme,
+        :authority => normalized_authority,
+        :path => normalized_path,
+        :query => normalized_query,
+        :fragment => normalized_fragment
+      )
+    end
+
+    ##
+    # Destructively normalizes this URI object.
+    #
+    # @return [Addressable::URI] The normalized URI.
+    #
+    # @see Addressable::URI#normalize
+    def normalize!
+      replace_self(self.normalize)
+    end
+
+    ##
+    # Creates a URI suitable for display to users. If semantic attacks are
+    # likely, the application should try to detect these and warn the user.
+    # See <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt">RFC 3986</a>,
+    # section 7.6 for more information.
+    #
+    # @return [Addressable::URI] A URI suitable for display purposes.
+    def display_uri
+      display_uri = self.normalize
+      display_uri.host = ::Addressable::IDNA.to_unicode(display_uri.host)
+      return display_uri
+    end
+
+    ##
+    # Returns <code>true</code> if the URI objects are equal. This method
+    # normalizes both URIs before doing the comparison, and allows comparison
+    # against <code>Strings</code>.
+    #
+    # @param [Object] uri The URI to compare.
+    #
+    # @return [TrueClass, FalseClass]
+    #   <code>true</code> if the URIs are equivalent, <code>false</code>
+    #   otherwise.
+    def ===(uri)
+      if uri.respond_to?(:normalize)
+        uri_string = uri.normalize.to_s
+      else
+        begin
+          uri_string = ::Addressable::URI.parse(uri).normalize.to_s
+        rescue InvalidURIError, TypeError
+          return false
+        end
+      end
+      return self.normalize.to_s == uri_string
+    end
+
+    ##
+    # Returns <code>true</code> if the URI objects are equal. This method
+    # normalizes both URIs before doing the comparison.
+    #
+    # @param [Object] uri The URI to compare.
+    #
+    # @return [TrueClass, FalseClass]
+    #   <code>true</code> if the URIs are equivalent, <code>false</code>
+    #   otherwise.
+    def ==(uri)
+      return false unless uri.kind_of?(URI)
+      return self.normalize.to_s == uri.normalize.to_s
+    end
+
+    ##
+    # Returns <code>true</code> if the URI objects are equal. This method
+    # does NOT normalize either URI before doing the comparison.
+    #
+    # @param [Object] uri The URI to compare.
+    #
+    # @return [TrueClass, FalseClass]
+    #   <code>true</code> if the URIs are equivalent, <code>false</code>
+    #   otherwise.
+    def eql?(uri)
+      return false unless uri.kind_of?(URI)
+      return self.to_s == uri.to_s
+    end
+
+    ##
+    # A hash value that will make a URI equivalent to its normalized
+    # form.
+    #
+    # @return [Integer] A hash of the URI.
+    def hash
+      @hash ||= self.to_s.hash * -1
+    end
+
+    ##
+    # Clones the URI object.
+    #
+    # @return [Addressable::URI] The cloned URI.
+    def dup
+      duplicated_uri = self.class.new(
+        :scheme => self.scheme ? self.scheme.dup : nil,
+        :user => self.user ? self.user.dup : nil,
+        :password => self.password ? self.password.dup : nil,
+        :host => self.host ? self.host.dup : nil,
+        :port => self.port,
+        :path => self.path ? self.path.dup : nil,
+        :query => self.query ? self.query.dup : nil,
+        :fragment => self.fragment ? self.fragment.dup : nil
+      )
+      return duplicated_uri
+    end
+
+    ##
+    # Omits components from a URI.
+    #
+    # @param [Symbol] *components The components to be omitted.
+    #
+    # @return [Addressable::URI] The URI with components omitted.
+    #
+    # @example
+    #   uri = Addressable::URI.parse("http://example.com/path?query")
+    #   #=> #<Addressable::URI:0xcc5e7a URI:http://example.com/path?query>
+    #   uri.omit(:scheme, :authority)
+    #   #=> #<Addressable::URI:0xcc4d86 URI:/path?query>
+    def omit(*components)
+      invalid_components = components - [
+        :scheme, :user, :password, :userinfo, :host, :port, :authority,
+        :path, :query, :fragment
+      ]
+      unless invalid_components.empty?
+        raise ArgumentError,
+          "Invalid component names: #{invalid_components.inspect}."
+      end
+      duplicated_uri = self.dup
+      duplicated_uri.defer_validation do
+        components.each do |component|
+          duplicated_uri.send((component.to_s + "=").to_sym, nil)
+        end
+        duplicated_uri.user = duplicated_uri.normalized_user
+      end
+      duplicated_uri
+    end
+
+    ##
+    # Destructive form of omit.
+    #
+    # @param [Symbol] *components The components to be omitted.
+    #
+    # @return [Addressable::URI] The URI with components omitted.
+    #
+    # @see Addressable::URI#omit
+    def omit!(*components)
+      replace_self(self.omit(*components))
+    end
+
+    ##
+    # Determines if the URI is an empty string.
+    #
+    # @return [TrueClass, FalseClass]
+    #   Returns <code>true</code> if empty, <code>false</code> otherwise.
+    def empty?
+      return self.to_s.empty?
+    end
+
+    ##
+    # Converts the URI to a <code>String</code>.
+    #
+    # @return [String] The URI's <code>String</code> representation.
+    def to_s
+      if self.scheme == nil && self.path != nil && !self.path.empty? &&
+          self.path =~ NORMPATH
+        raise InvalidURIError,
+          "Cannot assemble URI string with ambiguous path: '#{self.path}'"
+      end
+      @uri_string ||= begin
+        uri_string = String.new
+        uri_string << "#{self.scheme}:" if self.scheme != nil
+        uri_string << "//#{self.authority}" if self.authority != nil
+        uri_string << self.path.to_s
+        uri_string << "?#{self.query}" if self.query != nil
+        uri_string << "##{self.fragment}" if self.fragment != nil
+        uri_string.force_encoding(Encoding::UTF_8)
+        uri_string
+      end
+    end
+
+    ##
+    # URI's are glorified <code>Strings</code>. Allow implicit conversion.
+    alias_method :to_str, :to_s
+
+    ##
+    # Returns a Hash of the URI components.
+    #
+    # @return [Hash] The URI as a <code>Hash</code> of components.
+    def to_hash
+      return {
+        :scheme => self.scheme,
+        :user => self.user,
+        :password => self.password,
+        :host => self.host,
+        :port => self.port,
+        :path => self.path,
+        :query => self.query,
+        :fragment => self.fragment
+      }
+    end
+
+    ##
+    # Returns a <code>String</code> representation of the URI object's state.
+    #
+    # @return [String] The URI object's state, as a <code>String</code>.
+    def inspect
+      sprintf("#<%s:%#0x URI:%s>", URI.to_s, self.object_id, self.to_s)
+    end
+
+    ##
+    # This method allows you to make several changes to a URI simultaneously,
+    # which separately would cause validation errors, but in conjunction,
+    # are valid.  The URI will be revalidated as soon as the entire block has
+    # been executed.
+    #
+    # @param [Proc] block
+    #   A set of operations to perform on a given URI.
+    def defer_validation(&block)
+      raise LocalJumpError, "No block given." unless block
+      @validation_deferred = true
+      block.call()
+      @validation_deferred = false
+      validate
+      return nil
+    end
+
+  protected
+    SELF_REF = '.'
+    PARENT = '..'
+
+    RULE_2A = /\/\.\/|\/\.$/
+    RULE_2B_2C = /\/([^\/]*)\/\.\.\/|\/([^\/]*)\/\.\.$/
+    RULE_2D = /^\.\.?\/?/
+    RULE_PREFIXED_PARENT = /^\/\.\.?\/|^(\/\.\.?)+\/?$/
+
+    ##
+    # Resolves paths to their simplest form.
+    #
+    # @param [String] path The path to normalize.
+    #
+    # @return [String] The normalized path.
+    def self.normalize_path(path)
+      # Section 5.2.4 of RFC 3986
+
+      return nil if path.nil?
+      normalized_path = path.dup
+      begin
+        mod = nil
+        mod ||= normalized_path.gsub!(RULE_2A, SLASH)
+
+        pair = normalized_path.match(RULE_2B_2C)
+        parent, current = pair[1], pair[2] if pair
+        if pair && ((parent != SELF_REF && parent != PARENT) ||
+            (current != SELF_REF && current != PARENT))
+          mod ||= normalized_path.gsub!(
+            Regexp.new(
+              "/#{Regexp.escape(parent.to_s)}/\\.\\./|" +
+              "(/#{Regexp.escape(current.to_s)}/\\.\\.$)"
+            ), SLASH
+          )
+        end
+
+        mod ||= normalized_path.gsub!(RULE_2D, EMPTY_STR)
+        # Non-standard, removes prefixed dotted segments from path.
+        mod ||= normalized_path.gsub!(RULE_PREFIXED_PARENT, SLASH)
+      end until mod.nil?
+
+      return normalized_path
+    end
+
+    ##
+    # Ensures that the URI is valid.
+    def validate
+      return if !!@validation_deferred
+      if self.scheme != nil && self.ip_based? &&
+          (self.host == nil || self.host.empty?) &&
+          (self.path == nil || self.path.empty?)
+        raise InvalidURIError,
+          "Absolute URI missing hierarchical segment: '#{self.to_s}'"
+      end
+      if self.host == nil
+        if self.port != nil ||
+            self.user != nil ||
+            self.password != nil
+          raise InvalidURIError, "Hostname not supplied: '#{self.to_s}'"
+        end
+      end
+      if self.path != nil && !self.path.empty? && self.path[0..0] != SLASH &&
+          self.authority != nil
+        raise InvalidURIError,
+          "Cannot have a relative path with an authority set: '#{self.to_s}'"
+      end
+      if self.path != nil && !self.path.empty? &&
+          self.path[0..1] == SLASH + SLASH && self.authority == nil
+        raise InvalidURIError,
+          "Cannot have a path with two leading slashes " +
+          "without an authority set: '#{self.to_s}'"
+      end
+      unreserved = CharacterClasses::UNRESERVED
+      sub_delims = CharacterClasses::SUB_DELIMS
+      if !self.host.nil? && (self.host =~ /[<>{}\/\\\?\#\@"[[:space:]]]/ ||
+          (self.host[/^\[(.*)\]$/, 1] != nil && self.host[/^\[(.*)\]$/, 1] !~
+          Regexp.new("^[#{unreserved}#{sub_delims}:]*$")))
+        raise InvalidURIError, "Invalid character in host: '#{self.host.to_s}'"
+      end
+      return nil
+    end
+
+    ##
+    # Replaces the internal state of self with the specified URI's state.
+    # Used in destructive operations to avoid massive code repetition.
+    #
+    # @param [Addressable::URI] uri The URI to replace <code>self</code> with.
+    #
+    # @return [Addressable::URI] <code>self</code>.
+    def replace_self(uri)
+      # Reset dependent values
+      instance_variables.each do |var|
+        if instance_variable_defined?(var) && var != :@validation_deferred
+          remove_instance_variable(var)
+        end
+      end
+
+      @scheme = uri.scheme
+      @user = uri.user
+      @password = uri.password
+      @host = uri.host
+      @port = uri.port
+      @path = uri.path
+      @query = uri.query
+      @fragment = uri.fragment
+      return self
+    end
+
+    ##
+    # Splits path string with "/" (slash).
+    # It is considered that there is empty string after last slash when
+    # path ends with slash.
+    #
+    # @param [String] path The path to split.
+    #
+    # @return [Array<String>] An array of parts of path.
+    def split_path(path)
+      splitted = path.split(SLASH)
+      splitted << EMPTY_STR if path.end_with? SLASH
+      splitted
+    end
+
+    ##
+    # Resets composite values for the entire URI
+    #
+    # @api private
+    def remove_composite_values
+      remove_instance_variable(:@uri_string) if defined?(@uri_string)
+      remove_instance_variable(:@hash) if defined?(@hash)
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/addressable-2.5.2/lib/addressable/version.rb b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/addressable-2.5.2/lib/addressable/version.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4d284656a326043cd2aa251fd61e78f5e7ad4bb3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/addressable-2.5.2/lib/addressable/version.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+# encoding:utf-8
+#--
+# Copyright (C) Bob Aman
+#
+#    Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+#    you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+#    You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#        http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+#    Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+#    distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+#    WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+#    See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+#    limitations under the License.
+#++
+
+
+# Used to prevent the class/module from being loaded more than once
+if !defined?(Addressable::VERSION)
+  module Addressable
+    module VERSION
+      MAJOR = 2
+      MINOR = 5
+      TINY  = 2
+
+      STRING = [MAJOR, MINOR, TINY].join('.')
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/addressable-2.5.2/spec/addressable/idna_spec.rb b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/addressable-2.5.2/spec/addressable/idna_spec.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2f47ec3f17f4efe1fb49859d2b29d93ef334fcb4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/addressable-2.5.2/spec/addressable/idna_spec.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,298 @@
+# coding: utf-8
+# Copyright (C) Bob Aman
+#
+#    Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+#    you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+#    You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#        http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+#    Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+#    distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+#    WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+#    See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+#    limitations under the License.
+
+
+require "spec_helper"
+
+# Have to use RubyGems to load the idn gem.
+require "rubygems"
+
+require "addressable/idna"
+
+shared_examples_for "converting from unicode to ASCII" do
+  it "should convert 'www.google.com' correctly" do
+    expect(Addressable::IDNA.to_ascii("www.google.com")).to eq("www.google.com")
+  end
+
+  LONG = 'AcinusFallumTrompetumNullunCreditumVisumEstAtCuadLongumEtCefallum.com'
+  it "should convert '#{LONG}' correctly" do
+    expect(Addressable::IDNA.to_ascii(LONG)).to eq(LONG)
+  end
+
+  it "should convert 'www.詹姆斯.com' correctly" do
+    expect(Addressable::IDNA.to_ascii(
+      "www.詹姆斯.com"
+    )).to eq("www.xn--8ws00zhy3a.com")
+  end
+
+  it "should convert 'www.Iñtërnâtiônàlizætiøn.com' correctly" do
+    "www.Iñtërnâtiônàlizætiøn.com"
+    expect(Addressable::IDNA.to_ascii(
+      "www.I\xC3\xB1t\xC3\xABrn\xC3\xA2ti\xC3\xB4" +
+      "n\xC3\xA0liz\xC3\xA6ti\xC3\xB8n.com"
+    )).to eq("www.xn--itrntinliztin-vdb0a5exd8ewcye.com")
+  end
+
+  it "should convert 'www.Iñtërnâtiônàlizætiøn.com' correctly" do
+    expect(Addressable::IDNA.to_ascii(
+      "www.In\xCC\x83te\xCC\x88rna\xCC\x82tio\xCC\x82n" +
+      "a\xCC\x80liz\xC3\xA6ti\xC3\xB8n.com"
+    )).to eq("www.xn--itrntinliztin-vdb0a5exd8ewcye.com")
+  end
+
+  it "should convert " +
+      "'www.ほんとうにながいわけのわからないどめいんめいのらべるまだながくしないとたりない.w3.mag.keio.ac.jp' " +
+      "correctly" do
+    expect(Addressable::IDNA.to_ascii(
+      "www.\343\201\273\343\202\223\343\201\250\343\201\206\343\201\253\343" +
+      "\201\252\343\201\214\343\201\204\343\202\217\343\201\221\343\201\256" +
+      "\343\202\217\343\201\213\343\202\211\343\201\252\343\201\204\343\201" +
+      "\251\343\202\201\343\201\204\343\202\223\343\202\201\343\201\204\343" +
+      "\201\256\343\202\211\343\201\271\343\202\213\343\201\276\343\201\240" +
+      "\343\201\252\343\201\214\343\201\217\343\201\227\343\201\252\343\201" +
+      "\204\343\201\250\343\201\237\343\202\212\343\201\252\343\201\204." +
+      "w3.mag.keio.ac.jp"
+    )).to eq(
+      "www.xn--n8jaaaaai5bhf7as8fsfk3jnknefdde3" +
+      "fg11amb5gzdb4wi9bya3kc6lra.w3.mag.keio.ac.jp"
+    )
+  end
+
+  it "should convert " +
+      "'www.ほんとうにながいわけのわからないどめいんめいのらべるまだながくしないとたりない.w3.mag.keio.ac.jp' " +
+      "correctly" do
+    expect(Addressable::IDNA.to_ascii(
+      "www.\343\201\273\343\202\223\343\201\250\343\201\206\343\201\253\343" +
+      "\201\252\343\201\213\343\202\231\343\201\204\343\202\217\343\201\221" +
+      "\343\201\256\343\202\217\343\201\213\343\202\211\343\201\252\343\201" +
+      "\204\343\201\250\343\202\231\343\202\201\343\201\204\343\202\223\343" +
+      "\202\201\343\201\204\343\201\256\343\202\211\343\201\270\343\202\231" +
+      "\343\202\213\343\201\276\343\201\237\343\202\231\343\201\252\343\201" +
+      "\213\343\202\231\343\201\217\343\201\227\343\201\252\343\201\204\343" +
+      "\201\250\343\201\237\343\202\212\343\201\252\343\201\204." +
+      "w3.mag.keio.ac.jp"
+    )).to eq(
+      "www.xn--n8jaaaaai5bhf7as8fsfk3jnknefdde3" +
+      "fg11amb5gzdb4wi9bya3kc6lra.w3.mag.keio.ac.jp"
+    )
+  end
+
+  it "should convert '点心和烤鸭.w3.mag.keio.ac.jp' correctly" do
+    expect(Addressable::IDNA.to_ascii(
+      "点心和烤鸭.w3.mag.keio.ac.jp"
+    )).to eq("xn--0trv4xfvn8el34t.w3.mag.keio.ac.jp")
+  end
+
+  it "should convert '가각갂갃간갅갆갇갈갉힢힣.com' correctly" do
+    expect(Addressable::IDNA.to_ascii(
+      "가각갂갃간갅갆갇갈갉힢힣.com"
+    )).to eq("xn--o39acdefghijk5883jma.com")
+  end
+
+  it "should convert " +
+      "'\347\242\274\346\250\231\346\272\226\350" +
+      "\220\254\345\234\213\347\242\274.com' correctly" do
+    expect(Addressable::IDNA.to_ascii(
+      "\347\242\274\346\250\231\346\272\226\350" +
+      "\220\254\345\234\213\347\242\274.com"
+    )).to eq("xn--9cs565brid46mda086o.com")
+  end
+
+  it "should convert 'ﾘ宠퐱〹.com' correctly" do
+    expect(Addressable::IDNA.to_ascii(
+      "\357\276\230\345\256\240\355\220\261\343\200\271.com"
+    )).to eq("xn--eek174hoxfpr4k.com")
+  end
+
+  it "should convert 'リ宠퐱卄.com' correctly" do
+    expect(Addressable::IDNA.to_ascii(
+      "\343\203\252\345\256\240\355\220\261\345\215\204.com"
+    )).to eq("xn--eek174hoxfpr4k.com")
+  end
+
+  it "should convert 'ᆵ' correctly" do
+    expect(Addressable::IDNA.to_ascii(
+      "\341\206\265"
+    )).to eq("xn--4ud")
+  end
+
+  it "should convert 'ﾯ' correctly" do
+    expect(Addressable::IDNA.to_ascii(
+      "\357\276\257"
+    )).to eq("xn--4ud")
+  end
+
+  it "should convert '🌹🌹🌹.ws' correctly" do
+    expect(Addressable::IDNA.to_ascii(
+      "\360\237\214\271\360\237\214\271\360\237\214\271.ws"
+    )).to eq("xn--2h8haa.ws")
+  end
+
+  it "should handle two adjacent '.'s correctly" do
+    expect(Addressable::IDNA.to_ascii(
+      "example..host"
+    )).to eq("example..host")
+  end
+end
+
+shared_examples_for "converting from ASCII to unicode" do
+  LONG = 'AcinusFallumTrompetumNullunCreditumVisumEstAtCuadLongumEtCefallum.com'
+  it "should convert '#{LONG}' correctly" do
+    expect(Addressable::IDNA.to_unicode(LONG)).to eq(LONG)
+  end
+
+  it "should return the identity conversion when punycode decode fails" do
+    expect(Addressable::IDNA.to_unicode("xn--zckp1cyg1.sblo.jp")).to eq(
+      "xn--zckp1cyg1.sblo.jp")
+  end
+
+  it "should return the identity conversion when the ACE prefix has no suffix" do
+    expect(Addressable::IDNA.to_unicode("xn--...-")).to eq("xn--...-")
+  end
+
+  it "should convert 'www.google.com' correctly" do
+    expect(Addressable::IDNA.to_unicode("www.google.com")).to eq(
+      "www.google.com")
+  end
+
+  it "should convert 'www.詹姆斯.com' correctly" do
+    expect(Addressable::IDNA.to_unicode(
+      "www.xn--8ws00zhy3a.com"
+    )).to eq("www.詹姆斯.com")
+  end
+
+  it "should convert '詹姆斯.com' correctly" do
+    expect(Addressable::IDNA.to_unicode(
+      "xn--8ws00zhy3a.com"
+    )).to eq("詹姆斯.com")
+  end
+
+  it "should convert 'www.iñtërnâtiônàlizætiøn.com' correctly" do
+    expect(Addressable::IDNA.to_unicode(
+      "www.xn--itrntinliztin-vdb0a5exd8ewcye.com"
+    )).to eq("www.iñtërnâtiônàlizætiøn.com")
+  end
+
+  it "should convert 'iñtërnâtiônàlizætiøn.com' correctly" do
+    expect(Addressable::IDNA.to_unicode(
+      "xn--itrntinliztin-vdb0a5exd8ewcye.com"
+    )).to eq("iñtërnâtiônàlizætiøn.com")
+  end
+
+  it "should convert " +
+      "'www.ほんとうにながいわけのわからないどめいんめいのらべるまだながくしないとたりない.w3.mag.keio.ac.jp' " +
+      "correctly" do
+    expect(Addressable::IDNA.to_unicode(
+      "www.xn--n8jaaaaai5bhf7as8fsfk3jnknefdde3" +
+      "fg11amb5gzdb4wi9bya3kc6lra.w3.mag.keio.ac.jp"
+    )).to eq(
+      "www.ほんとうにながいわけのわからないどめいんめいのらべるまだながくしないとたりない.w3.mag.keio.ac.jp"
+    )
+  end
+
+  it "should convert '点心和烤鸭.w3.mag.keio.ac.jp' correctly" do
+    expect(Addressable::IDNA.to_unicode(
+      "xn--0trv4xfvn8el34t.w3.mag.keio.ac.jp"
+    )).to eq("点心和烤鸭.w3.mag.keio.ac.jp")
+  end
+
+  it "should convert '가각갂갃간갅갆갇갈갉힢힣.com' correctly" do
+    expect(Addressable::IDNA.to_unicode(
+      "xn--o39acdefghijk5883jma.com"
+    )).to eq("가각갂갃간갅갆갇갈갉힢힣.com")
+  end
+
+  it "should convert " +
+      "'\347\242\274\346\250\231\346\272\226\350" +
+      "\220\254\345\234\213\347\242\274.com' correctly" do
+    expect(Addressable::IDNA.to_unicode(
+      "xn--9cs565brid46mda086o.com"
+    )).to eq(
+      "\347\242\274\346\250\231\346\272\226\350" +
+      "\220\254\345\234\213\347\242\274.com"
+    )
+  end
+
+  it "should convert 'リ宠퐱卄.com' correctly" do
+    expect(Addressable::IDNA.to_unicode(
+      "xn--eek174hoxfpr4k.com"
+    )).to eq("\343\203\252\345\256\240\355\220\261\345\215\204.com")
+  end
+
+  it "should convert 'ﾯ' correctly" do
+    expect(Addressable::IDNA.to_unicode(
+      "xn--4ud"
+    )).to eq("\341\206\265")
+  end
+
+  it "should convert '🌹🌹🌹.ws' correctly" do
+    expect(Addressable::IDNA.to_unicode(
+      "xn--2h8haa.ws"
+    )).to eq("\360\237\214\271\360\237\214\271\360\237\214\271.ws")
+  end
+
+  it "should handle two adjacent '.'s correctly" do
+    expect(Addressable::IDNA.to_unicode(
+      "example..host"
+    )).to eq("example..host")
+  end
+
+  it "should normalize 'string' correctly" do
+    expect(Addressable::IDNA.unicode_normalize_kc(:'string')).to eq("string")
+    expect(Addressable::IDNA.unicode_normalize_kc("string")).to eq("string")
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::IDNA, "when using the pure-Ruby implementation" do
+  before do
+    Addressable.send(:remove_const, :IDNA)
+    load "addressable/idna/pure.rb"
+  end
+
+  it_should_behave_like "converting from unicode to ASCII"
+  it_should_behave_like "converting from ASCII to unicode"
+
+  begin
+    require "fiber"
+
+    it "should not blow up inside fibers" do
+      f = Fiber.new do
+        Addressable.send(:remove_const, :IDNA)
+        load "addressable/idna/pure.rb"
+      end
+      f.resume
+    end
+  rescue LoadError
+    # Fibers aren't supported in this version of Ruby, skip this test.
+    warn('Fibers unsupported.')
+  end
+end
+
+begin
+  require "idn"
+
+  describe Addressable::IDNA, "when using the native-code implementation" do
+    before do
+      Addressable.send(:remove_const, :IDNA)
+      load "addressable/idna/native.rb"
+    end
+
+    it_should_behave_like "converting from unicode to ASCII"
+    it_should_behave_like "converting from ASCII to unicode"
+  end
+rescue LoadError
+  # Cannot test the native implementation without libidn support.
+  warn('Could not load native IDN implementation.')
+end
diff --git a/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/addressable-2.5.2/spec/addressable/net_http_compat_spec.rb b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/addressable-2.5.2/spec/addressable/net_http_compat_spec.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..eee3f869c1cacec4cb9726ce1c1b4fd9d1125a71
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/addressable-2.5.2/spec/addressable/net_http_compat_spec.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+# coding: utf-8
+# Copyright (C) Bob Aman
+#
+#    Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+#    you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+#    You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#        http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+#    Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+#    distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+#    WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+#    See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+#    limitations under the License.
+
+
+require "spec_helper"
+
+require "addressable/uri"
+require "net/http"
+
+describe Net::HTTP do
+  it "should be compatible with Addressable" do
+    response_body =
+      Net::HTTP.get(Addressable::URI.parse('http://www.google.com/'))
+    expect(response_body).not_to be_nil
+  end
+end
diff --git a/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/addressable-2.5.2/spec/addressable/rack_mount_compat_spec.rb b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/addressable-2.5.2/spec/addressable/rack_mount_compat_spec.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..622a4abbdbd51dcf0bdbda1b5ccea94ce29289fe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/addressable-2.5.2/spec/addressable/rack_mount_compat_spec.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+# coding: utf-8
+# Copyright (C) Bob Aman
+#
+#    Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+#    you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+#    You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#        http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+#    Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+#    distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+#    WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+#    See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+#    limitations under the License.
+
+
+require "spec_helper"
+
+require "addressable/uri"
+require "addressable/template"
+require "rack/mount"
+
+describe Rack::Mount do
+  let(:app_one) do
+    proc { |env| [200, {'Content-Type' => 'text/plain'}, 'Route 1'] }
+  end
+  let(:app_two) do
+    proc { |env| [200, {'Content-Type' => 'text/plain'}, 'Route 2'] }
+  end
+  let(:app_three) do
+    proc { |env| [200, {'Content-Type' => 'text/plain'}, 'Route 3'] }
+  end
+  let(:routes) do
+    s = Rack::Mount::RouteSet.new do |set|
+      set.add_route(app_one, {
+        :request_method => 'GET',
+        :path_info => Addressable::Template.new('/one/{id}/')
+      }, {:id => 'unidentified'}, :one)
+      set.add_route(app_two, {
+        :request_method => 'GET',
+        :path_info => Addressable::Template.new('/two/')
+      }, {:id => 'unidentified'}, :two)
+      set.add_route(app_three, {
+        :request_method => 'GET',
+        :path_info => Addressable::Template.new('/three/{id}/').to_regexp
+      }, {:id => 'unidentified'}, :three)
+    end
+    s.rehash
+    s
+  end
+
+  it "should generate from routes with Addressable::Template" do
+    path, _ = routes.generate(:path_info, :one, {:id => '123'})
+    expect(path).to eq '/one/123/'
+  end
+
+  it "should generate from routes with Addressable::Template using defaults" do
+    path, _ = routes.generate(:path_info, :one, {})
+    expect(path).to eq '/one/unidentified/'
+  end
+
+  it "should recognize routes with Addressable::Template" do
+    request = Rack::Request.new(
+      'REQUEST_METHOD' => 'GET',
+      'PATH_INFO' => '/one/123/'
+    )
+    route, _, params = routes.recognize(request)
+    expect(route).not_to be_nil
+    expect(route.app).to eq app_one
+    expect(params).to eq({id: '123'})
+  end
+
+  it "should generate from routes with Addressable::Template" do
+    path, _ = routes.generate(:path_info, :two, {:id => '654'})
+    expect(path).to eq '/two/'
+  end
+
+  it "should generate from routes with Addressable::Template using defaults" do
+    path, _ = routes.generate(:path_info, :two, {})
+    expect(path).to eq '/two/'
+  end
+
+  it "should recognize routes with Addressable::Template" do
+    request = Rack::Request.new(
+      'REQUEST_METHOD' => 'GET',
+      'PATH_INFO' => '/two/'
+    )
+    route, _, params = routes.recognize(request)
+    expect(route).not_to be_nil
+    expect(route.app).to eq app_two
+    expect(params).to eq({id: 'unidentified'})
+  end
+
+  it "should recognize routes with derived Regexp" do
+    request = Rack::Request.new(
+      'REQUEST_METHOD' => 'GET',
+      'PATH_INFO' => '/three/789/'
+    )
+    route, _, params = routes.recognize(request)
+    expect(route).not_to be_nil
+    expect(route.app).to eq app_three
+    expect(params).to eq({id: '789'})
+  end
+end
diff --git a/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/addressable-2.5.2/spec/addressable/security_spec.rb b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/addressable-2.5.2/spec/addressable/security_spec.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..327549416cba9b16893f29fb262f4222b0953ed9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/addressable-2.5.2/spec/addressable/security_spec.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+# coding: utf-8
+# Copyright (C) Bob Aman
+#
+#    Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+#    you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+#    You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#        http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+#    Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+#    distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+#    WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+#    See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+#    limitations under the License.
+
+
+require "spec_helper"
+
+require "addressable/uri"
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when created with a URI known to cause crashes " +
+    "in certain browsers" do
+  it "should parse correctly" do
+    uri = Addressable::URI.parse('%%30%30')
+    expect(uri.path).to eq('%%30%30')
+    expect(uri.normalize.path).to eq('%2500')
+  end
+
+  it "should parse correctly as a full URI" do
+    uri = Addressable::URI.parse('http://www.example.com/%%30%30')
+    expect(uri.path).to eq('/%%30%30')
+    expect(uri.normalize.path).to eq('/%2500')
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when created with a URI known to cause crashes " +
+    "in certain browsers" do
+  it "should parse correctly" do
+    uri = Addressable::URI.parse('لُصّبُلُلصّبُررً ॣ ॣh ॣ ॣ 冗')
+    expect(uri.path).to eq('لُصّبُلُلصّبُررً ॣ ॣh ॣ ॣ 冗')
+    expect(uri.normalize.path).to eq(
+      '%D9%84%D9%8F%D8%B5%D9%91%D8%A8%D9%8F%D9%84%D9%8F%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%91' +
+      '%D8%A8%D9%8F%D8%B1%D8%B1%D9%8B%20%E0%A5%A3%20%E0%A5%A3h%20%E0%A5' +
+      '%A3%20%E0%A5%A3%20%E5%86%97'
+    )
+  end
+
+  it "should parse correctly as a full URI" do
+    uri = Addressable::URI.parse('http://www.example.com/لُصّبُلُلصّبُررً ॣ ॣh ॣ ॣ 冗')
+    expect(uri.path).to eq('/لُصّبُلُلصّبُررً ॣ ॣh ॣ ॣ 冗')
+    expect(uri.normalize.path).to eq(
+      '/%D9%84%D9%8F%D8%B5%D9%91%D8%A8%D9%8F%D9%84%D9%8F%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%91' +
+      '%D8%A8%D9%8F%D8%B1%D8%B1%D9%8B%20%E0%A5%A3%20%E0%A5%A3h%20%E0%A5' +
+      '%A3%20%E0%A5%A3%20%E5%86%97'
+    )
+  end
+end
diff --git a/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/addressable-2.5.2/spec/addressable/template_spec.rb b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/addressable-2.5.2/spec/addressable/template_spec.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..bd8ab12f570cd38c0a953c85134a8c6a2b309477
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/addressable-2.5.2/spec/addressable/template_spec.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,1419 @@
+# coding: utf-8
+# Copyright (C) Bob Aman
+#
+#    Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+#    you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+#    You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#        http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+#    Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+#    distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+#    WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+#    See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+#    limitations under the License.
+
+
+require "spec_helper"
+
+require "bigdecimal"
+require "addressable/template"
+
+shared_examples_for 'expands' do |tests|
+  tests.each do |template, expansion|
+    exp = expansion.is_a?(Array) ? expansion.first : expansion
+    it "#{template} to #{exp}" do
+      tmpl = Addressable::Template.new(template).expand(subject)
+      if expansion.is_a?(Array)
+        expect(expansion.any?{|i| i == tmpl.to_str}).to be true
+      else
+        expect(tmpl.to_str).to eq(expansion)
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+describe "eql?" do
+  let(:template) { Addressable::Template.new('https://www.example.com/{foo}') }
+  it 'is equal when the pattern matches' do
+    other_template = Addressable::Template.new('https://www.example.com/{foo}')
+    expect(template).to be_eql(other_template)
+    expect(other_template).to be_eql(template)
+  end
+  it 'is not equal when the pattern differs' do
+    other_template = Addressable::Template.new('https://www.example.com/{bar}')
+    expect(template).to_not be_eql(other_template)
+    expect(other_template).to_not be_eql(template)
+  end
+  it 'is not equal to non-templates' do
+    uri = 'https://www.example.com/foo/bar'
+    addressable_template = Addressable::Template.new uri
+    addressable_uri = Addressable::URI.parse uri
+    expect(addressable_template).to_not be_eql(addressable_uri)
+    expect(addressable_uri).to_not be_eql(addressable_template)
+  end
+end
+
+describe "==" do
+  let(:template) { Addressable::Template.new('https://www.example.com/{foo}') }
+  it 'is equal when the pattern matches' do
+    other_template = Addressable::Template.new('https://www.example.com/{foo}')
+    expect(template).to eq other_template
+    expect(other_template).to eq template
+  end
+  it 'is not equal when the pattern differs' do
+    other_template = Addressable::Template.new('https://www.example.com/{bar}')
+    expect(template).not_to eq other_template
+    expect(other_template).not_to eq template
+  end
+  it 'is not equal to non-templates' do
+    uri = 'https://www.example.com/foo/bar'
+    addressable_template = Addressable::Template.new uri
+    addressable_uri = Addressable::URI.parse uri
+    expect(addressable_template).not_to eq addressable_uri
+    expect(addressable_uri).not_to eq addressable_template
+  end
+end
+
+describe "Type conversion" do
+  subject {
+    {
+      :var => true,
+      :hello => 1234,
+      :nothing => nil,
+      :sym => :symbolic,
+      :decimal => BigDecimal.new('1')
+    }
+  }
+
+  it_behaves_like 'expands', {
+    '{var}' => 'true',
+    '{hello}' => '1234',
+    '{nothing}' => '',
+    '{sym}' => 'symbolic',
+    '{decimal}' => RUBY_VERSION < '2.4.0' ? '0.1E1' : '0.1e1'
+  }
+end
+
+describe "Level 1:" do
+  subject {
+    {:var => "value", :hello => "Hello World!"}
+  }
+  it_behaves_like 'expands', {
+    '{var}' => 'value',
+    '{hello}' => 'Hello%20World%21'
+  }
+end
+
+describe "Level 2" do
+  subject {
+    {
+      :var => "value",
+      :hello => "Hello World!",
+      :path => "/foo/bar"
+    }
+  }
+  context "Operator +:" do
+    it_behaves_like 'expands', {
+      '{+var}' => 'value',
+      '{+hello}' => 'Hello%20World!',
+      '{+path}/here' => '/foo/bar/here',
+      'here?ref={+path}' => 'here?ref=/foo/bar'
+    }
+  end
+  context "Operator #:" do
+    it_behaves_like 'expands', {
+      'X{#var}' => 'X#value',
+      'X{#hello}' => 'X#Hello%20World!'
+    }
+  end
+end
+
+describe "Level 3" do
+  subject {
+    {
+      :var => "value",
+      :hello => "Hello World!",
+      :empty => "",
+      :path => "/foo/bar",
+      :x => "1024",
+      :y => "768"
+    }
+  }
+  context "Operator nil (multiple vars):" do
+    it_behaves_like 'expands', {
+      'map?{x,y}' => 'map?1024,768',
+      '{x,hello,y}' => '1024,Hello%20World%21,768'
+    }
+  end
+  context "Operator + (multiple vars):" do
+    it_behaves_like 'expands', {
+      '{+x,hello,y}' => '1024,Hello%20World!,768',
+      '{+path,x}/here' => '/foo/bar,1024/here'
+    }
+  end
+  context "Operator # (multiple vars):" do
+    it_behaves_like 'expands', {
+      '{#x,hello,y}' => '#1024,Hello%20World!,768',
+      '{#path,x}/here' => '#/foo/bar,1024/here'
+    }
+  end
+  context "Operator ." do
+    it_behaves_like 'expands', {
+      'X{.var}' => 'X.value',
+      'X{.x,y}' => 'X.1024.768'
+    }
+  end
+  context "Operator /" do
+    it_behaves_like 'expands', {
+      '{/var}' => '/value',
+      '{/var,x}/here' => '/value/1024/here'
+    }
+  end
+  context "Operator ;" do
+    it_behaves_like 'expands', {
+      '{;x,y}' => ';x=1024;y=768',
+      '{;x,y,empty}' => ';x=1024;y=768;empty'
+    }
+  end
+  context "Operator ?" do
+    it_behaves_like 'expands', {
+      '{?x,y}' => '?x=1024&y=768',
+      '{?x,y,empty}' => '?x=1024&y=768&empty='
+    }
+  end
+  context "Operator &" do
+    it_behaves_like 'expands', {
+      '?fixed=yes{&x}' => '?fixed=yes&x=1024',
+      '{&x,y,empty}' => '&x=1024&y=768&empty='
+    }
+  end
+end
+
+describe "Level 4" do
+  subject {
+    {
+      :var => "value",
+      :hello => "Hello World!",
+      :path => "/foo/bar",
+      :semi => ";",
+      :list => %w(red green blue),
+      :keys => {"semi" => ';', "dot" => '.', "comma" => ','}
+    }
+  }
+  context "Expansion with value modifiers" do
+    it_behaves_like 'expands', {
+      '{var:3}' => 'val',
+      '{var:30}' => 'value',
+      '{list}' => 'red,green,blue',
+      '{list*}' => 'red,green,blue',
+      '{keys}' => [
+        'semi,%3B,dot,.,comma,%2C',
+        'dot,.,semi,%3B,comma,%2C',
+        'comma,%2C,semi,%3B,dot,.',
+        'semi,%3B,comma,%2C,dot,.',
+        'dot,.,comma,%2C,semi,%3B',
+        'comma,%2C,dot,.,semi,%3B'
+      ],
+      '{keys*}' => [
+        'semi=%3B,dot=.,comma=%2C',
+        'dot=.,semi=%3B,comma=%2C',
+        'comma=%2C,semi=%3B,dot=.',
+        'semi=%3B,comma=%2C,dot=.',
+        'dot=.,comma=%2C,semi=%3B',
+        'comma=%2C,dot=.,semi=%3B'
+      ]
+    }
+  end
+  context "Operator + with value modifiers" do
+    it_behaves_like 'expands', {
+      '{+path:6}/here' => '/foo/b/here',
+      '{+list}' => 'red,green,blue',
+      '{+list*}' => 'red,green,blue',
+      '{+keys}' => [
+        'semi,;,dot,.,comma,,',
+        'dot,.,semi,;,comma,,',
+        'comma,,,semi,;,dot,.',
+        'semi,;,comma,,,dot,.',
+        'dot,.,comma,,,semi,;',
+        'comma,,,dot,.,semi,;'
+      ],
+      '{+keys*}' => [
+        'semi=;,dot=.,comma=,',
+        'dot=.,semi=;,comma=,',
+        'comma=,,semi=;,dot=.',
+        'semi=;,comma=,,dot=.',
+        'dot=.,comma=,,semi=;',
+        'comma=,,dot=.,semi=;'
+      ]
+    }
+  end
+  context "Operator # with value modifiers" do
+    it_behaves_like 'expands', {
+      '{#path:6}/here' => '#/foo/b/here',
+      '{#list}' => '#red,green,blue',
+      '{#list*}' => '#red,green,blue',
+      '{#keys}' => [
+        '#semi,;,dot,.,comma,,',
+        '#dot,.,semi,;,comma,,',
+        '#comma,,,semi,;,dot,.',
+        '#semi,;,comma,,,dot,.',
+        '#dot,.,comma,,,semi,;',
+        '#comma,,,dot,.,semi,;'
+      ],
+      '{#keys*}' => [
+        '#semi=;,dot=.,comma=,',
+        '#dot=.,semi=;,comma=,',
+        '#comma=,,semi=;,dot=.',
+        '#semi=;,comma=,,dot=.',
+        '#dot=.,comma=,,semi=;',
+        '#comma=,,dot=.,semi=;'
+      ]
+    }
+  end
+  context "Operator . with value modifiers" do
+    it_behaves_like 'expands', {
+      'X{.var:3}' => 'X.val',
+      'X{.list}' => 'X.red,green,blue',
+      'X{.list*}' => 'X.red.green.blue',
+      'X{.keys}' => [
+        'X.semi,%3B,dot,.,comma,%2C',
+        'X.dot,.,semi,%3B,comma,%2C',
+        'X.comma,%2C,semi,%3B,dot,.',
+        'X.semi,%3B,comma,%2C,dot,.',
+        'X.dot,.,comma,%2C,semi,%3B',
+        'X.comma,%2C,dot,.,semi,%3B'
+      ],
+      'X{.keys*}' => [
+        'X.semi=%3B.dot=..comma=%2C',
+        'X.dot=..semi=%3B.comma=%2C',
+        'X.comma=%2C.semi=%3B.dot=.',
+        'X.semi=%3B.comma=%2C.dot=.',
+        'X.dot=..comma=%2C.semi=%3B',
+        'X.comma=%2C.dot=..semi=%3B'
+      ]
+    }
+  end
+  context "Operator / with value modifiers" do
+    it_behaves_like 'expands', {
+      '{/var:1,var}' => '/v/value',
+      '{/list}' => '/red,green,blue',
+      '{/list*}' => '/red/green/blue',
+      '{/list*,path:4}' => '/red/green/blue/%2Ffoo',
+      '{/keys}' => [
+        '/semi,%3B,dot,.,comma,%2C',
+        '/dot,.,semi,%3B,comma,%2C',
+        '/comma,%2C,semi,%3B,dot,.',
+        '/semi,%3B,comma,%2C,dot,.',
+        '/dot,.,comma,%2C,semi,%3B',
+        '/comma,%2C,dot,.,semi,%3B'
+      ],
+      '{/keys*}' => [
+        '/semi=%3B/dot=./comma=%2C',
+        '/dot=./semi=%3B/comma=%2C',
+        '/comma=%2C/semi=%3B/dot=.',
+        '/semi=%3B/comma=%2C/dot=.',
+        '/dot=./comma=%2C/semi=%3B',
+        '/comma=%2C/dot=./semi=%3B'
+      ]
+    }
+  end
+  context "Operator ; with value modifiers" do
+    it_behaves_like 'expands', {
+      '{;hello:5}' => ';hello=Hello',
+      '{;list}' => ';list=red,green,blue',
+      '{;list*}' => ';list=red;list=green;list=blue',
+      '{;keys}' => [
+        ';keys=semi,%3B,dot,.,comma,%2C',
+        ';keys=dot,.,semi,%3B,comma,%2C',
+        ';keys=comma,%2C,semi,%3B,dot,.',
+        ';keys=semi,%3B,comma,%2C,dot,.',
+        ';keys=dot,.,comma,%2C,semi,%3B',
+        ';keys=comma,%2C,dot,.,semi,%3B'
+      ],
+      '{;keys*}' => [
+        ';semi=%3B;dot=.;comma=%2C',
+        ';dot=.;semi=%3B;comma=%2C',
+        ';comma=%2C;semi=%3B;dot=.',
+        ';semi=%3B;comma=%2C;dot=.',
+        ';dot=.;comma=%2C;semi=%3B',
+        ';comma=%2C;dot=.;semi=%3B'
+      ]
+    }
+  end
+  context "Operator ? with value modifiers" do
+    it_behaves_like 'expands', {
+      '{?var:3}' => '?var=val',
+      '{?list}' => '?list=red,green,blue',
+      '{?list*}' => '?list=red&list=green&list=blue',
+      '{?keys}' => [
+        '?keys=semi,%3B,dot,.,comma,%2C',
+        '?keys=dot,.,semi,%3B,comma,%2C',
+        '?keys=comma,%2C,semi,%3B,dot,.',
+        '?keys=semi,%3B,comma,%2C,dot,.',
+        '?keys=dot,.,comma,%2C,semi,%3B',
+        '?keys=comma,%2C,dot,.,semi,%3B'
+      ],
+      '{?keys*}' => [
+        '?semi=%3B&dot=.&comma=%2C',
+        '?dot=.&semi=%3B&comma=%2C',
+        '?comma=%2C&semi=%3B&dot=.',
+        '?semi=%3B&comma=%2C&dot=.',
+        '?dot=.&comma=%2C&semi=%3B',
+        '?comma=%2C&dot=.&semi=%3B'
+      ]
+    }
+  end
+  context "Operator & with value modifiers" do
+    it_behaves_like 'expands', {
+      '{&var:3}' => '&var=val',
+      '{&list}' => '&list=red,green,blue',
+      '{&list*}' => '&list=red&list=green&list=blue',
+      '{&keys}' => [
+        '&keys=semi,%3B,dot,.,comma,%2C',
+        '&keys=dot,.,semi,%3B,comma,%2C',
+        '&keys=comma,%2C,semi,%3B,dot,.',
+        '&keys=semi,%3B,comma,%2C,dot,.',
+        '&keys=dot,.,comma,%2C,semi,%3B',
+        '&keys=comma,%2C,dot,.,semi,%3B'
+      ],
+      '{&keys*}' => [
+        '&semi=%3B&dot=.&comma=%2C',
+        '&dot=.&semi=%3B&comma=%2C',
+        '&comma=%2C&semi=%3B&dot=.',
+        '&semi=%3B&comma=%2C&dot=.',
+        '&dot=.&comma=%2C&semi=%3B',
+        '&comma=%2C&dot=.&semi=%3B'
+      ]
+    }
+  end
+end
+describe "Modifiers" do
+  subject {
+    {
+      :var => "value",
+      :semi => ";",
+      :year => %w(1965 2000 2012),
+      :dom => %w(example com)
+    }
+  }
+  context "length" do
+    it_behaves_like 'expands', {
+      '{var:3}' => 'val',
+      '{var:30}' => 'value',
+      '{var}' => 'value',
+      '{semi}' => '%3B',
+      '{semi:2}' => '%3B'
+    }
+  end
+  context "explode" do
+    it_behaves_like 'expands', {
+      'find{?year*}' => 'find?year=1965&year=2000&year=2012',
+      'www{.dom*}' => 'www.example.com',
+    }
+  end
+end
+describe "Expansion" do
+  subject {
+    {
+      :count => ["one", "two", "three"],
+      :dom => ["example", "com"],
+      :dub   => "me/too",
+      :hello => "Hello World!",
+      :half  => "50%",
+      :var   => "value",
+      :who   => "fred",
+      :base  => "http://example.com/home/",
+      :path  => "/foo/bar",
+      :list  => ["red", "green", "blue"],
+      :keys  => {"semi" => ";","dot" => ".","comma" => ","},
+      :v     => "6",
+      :x     => "1024",
+      :y     => "768",
+      :empty => "",
+      :empty_keys  => {},
+      :undef => nil
+    }
+  }
+  context "concatenation" do
+    it_behaves_like 'expands', {
+      '{count}' => 'one,two,three',
+      '{count*}' => 'one,two,three',
+      '{/count}' => '/one,two,three',
+      '{/count*}' => '/one/two/three',
+      '{;count}' => ';count=one,two,three',
+      '{;count*}' => ';count=one;count=two;count=three',
+      '{?count}' => '?count=one,two,three',
+      '{?count*}' => '?count=one&count=two&count=three',
+      '{&count*}' => '&count=one&count=two&count=three'
+    }
+  end
+  context "simple expansion" do
+    it_behaves_like 'expands', {
+      '{var}' => 'value',
+      '{hello}' => 'Hello%20World%21',
+      '{half}' => '50%25',
+      'O{empty}X' => 'OX',
+      'O{undef}X' => 'OX',
+      '{x,y}' => '1024,768',
+      '{x,hello,y}' => '1024,Hello%20World%21,768',
+      '?{x,empty}' => '?1024,',
+      '?{x,undef}' => '?1024',
+      '?{undef,y}' => '?768',
+      '{var:3}' => 'val',
+      '{var:30}' => 'value',
+      '{list}' => 'red,green,blue',
+      '{list*}' => 'red,green,blue',
+      '{keys}' => [
+        'semi,%3B,dot,.,comma,%2C',
+        'dot,.,semi,%3B,comma,%2C',
+        'comma,%2C,semi,%3B,dot,.',
+        'semi,%3B,comma,%2C,dot,.',
+        'dot,.,comma,%2C,semi,%3B',
+        'comma,%2C,dot,.,semi,%3B'
+      ],
+      '{keys*}' => [
+        'semi=%3B,dot=.,comma=%2C',
+        'dot=.,semi=%3B,comma=%2C',
+        'comma=%2C,semi=%3B,dot=.',
+        'semi=%3B,comma=%2C,dot=.',
+        'dot=.,comma=%2C,semi=%3B',
+        'comma=%2C,dot=.,semi=%3B'
+      ]
+    }
+  end
+  context "reserved expansion (+)" do
+    it_behaves_like 'expands', {
+      '{+var}' => 'value',
+      '{+hello}' => 'Hello%20World!',
+      '{+half}' => '50%25',
+      '{base}index' => 'http%3A%2F%2Fexample.com%2Fhome%2Findex',
+      '{+base}index' => 'http://example.com/home/index',
+      'O{+empty}X' => 'OX',
+      'O{+undef}X' => 'OX',
+      '{+path}/here' => '/foo/bar/here',
+      'here?ref={+path}' => 'here?ref=/foo/bar',
+      'up{+path}{var}/here' => 'up/foo/barvalue/here',
+      '{+x,hello,y}' => '1024,Hello%20World!,768',
+      '{+path,x}/here' => '/foo/bar,1024/here',
+      '{+path:6}/here' => '/foo/b/here',
+      '{+list}' => 'red,green,blue',
+      '{+list*}' => 'red,green,blue',
+      '{+keys}' => [
+        'semi,;,dot,.,comma,,',
+        'dot,.,semi,;,comma,,',
+        'comma,,,semi,;,dot,.',
+        'semi,;,comma,,,dot,.',
+        'dot,.,comma,,,semi,;',
+        'comma,,,dot,.,semi,;'
+      ],
+      '{+keys*}' => [
+        'semi=;,dot=.,comma=,',
+        'dot=.,semi=;,comma=,',
+        'comma=,,semi=;,dot=.',
+        'semi=;,comma=,,dot=.',
+        'dot=.,comma=,,semi=;',
+        'comma=,,dot=.,semi=;'
+      ]
+    }
+  end
+  context "fragment expansion (#)" do
+    it_behaves_like 'expands', {
+      '{#var}' => '#value',
+      '{#hello}' => '#Hello%20World!',
+      '{#half}' => '#50%25',
+      'foo{#empty}' => 'foo#',
+      'foo{#undef}' => 'foo',
+      '{#x,hello,y}' => '#1024,Hello%20World!,768',
+      '{#path,x}/here' => '#/foo/bar,1024/here',
+      '{#path:6}/here' => '#/foo/b/here',
+      '{#list}' => '#red,green,blue',
+      '{#list*}' => '#red,green,blue',
+      '{#keys}' => [
+        '#semi,;,dot,.,comma,,',
+        '#dot,.,semi,;,comma,,',
+        '#comma,,,semi,;,dot,.',
+        '#semi,;,comma,,,dot,.',
+        '#dot,.,comma,,,semi,;',
+        '#comma,,,dot,.,semi,;'
+      ],
+      '{#keys*}' => [
+        '#semi=;,dot=.,comma=,',
+        '#dot=.,semi=;,comma=,',
+        '#comma=,,semi=;,dot=.',
+        '#semi=;,comma=,,dot=.',
+        '#dot=.,comma=,,semi=;',
+        '#comma=,,dot=.,semi=;'
+      ]
+    }
+  end
+  context "label expansion (.)" do
+    it_behaves_like 'expands', {
+      '{.who}' => '.fred',
+      '{.who,who}' => '.fred.fred',
+      '{.half,who}' => '.50%25.fred',
+      'www{.dom*}' => 'www.example.com',
+      'X{.var}' => 'X.value',
+      'X{.empty}' => 'X.',
+      'X{.undef}' => 'X',
+      'X{.var:3}' => 'X.val',
+      'X{.list}' => 'X.red,green,blue',
+      'X{.list*}' => 'X.red.green.blue',
+      'X{.keys}' => [
+        'X.semi,%3B,dot,.,comma,%2C',
+        'X.dot,.,semi,%3B,comma,%2C',
+        'X.comma,%2C,semi,%3B,dot,.',
+        'X.semi,%3B,comma,%2C,dot,.',
+        'X.dot,.,comma,%2C,semi,%3B',
+        'X.comma,%2C,dot,.,semi,%3B'
+      ],
+      'X{.keys*}' => [
+        'X.semi=%3B.dot=..comma=%2C',
+        'X.dot=..semi=%3B.comma=%2C',
+        'X.comma=%2C.semi=%3B.dot=.',
+        'X.semi=%3B.comma=%2C.dot=.',
+        'X.dot=..comma=%2C.semi=%3B',
+        'X.comma=%2C.dot=..semi=%3B'
+      ],
+      'X{.empty_keys}' => 'X',
+      'X{.empty_keys*}' => 'X'
+    }
+  end
+  context "path expansion (/)" do
+    it_behaves_like 'expands', {
+      '{/who}' => '/fred',
+      '{/who,who}' => '/fred/fred',
+      '{/half,who}' => '/50%25/fred',
+      '{/who,dub}' => '/fred/me%2Ftoo',
+      '{/var}' => '/value',
+      '{/var,empty}' => '/value/',
+      '{/var,undef}' => '/value',
+      '{/var,x}/here' => '/value/1024/here',
+      '{/var:1,var}' => '/v/value',
+      '{/list}' => '/red,green,blue',
+      '{/list*}' => '/red/green/blue',
+      '{/list*,path:4}' => '/red/green/blue/%2Ffoo',
+      '{/keys}' => [
+        '/semi,%3B,dot,.,comma,%2C',
+        '/dot,.,semi,%3B,comma,%2C',
+        '/comma,%2C,semi,%3B,dot,.',
+        '/semi,%3B,comma,%2C,dot,.',
+        '/dot,.,comma,%2C,semi,%3B',
+        '/comma,%2C,dot,.,semi,%3B'
+      ],
+      '{/keys*}' => [
+        '/semi=%3B/dot=./comma=%2C',
+        '/dot=./semi=%3B/comma=%2C',
+        '/comma=%2C/semi=%3B/dot=.',
+        '/semi=%3B/comma=%2C/dot=.',
+        '/dot=./comma=%2C/semi=%3B',
+        '/comma=%2C/dot=./semi=%3B'
+      ]
+    }
+  end
+  context "path-style expansion (;)" do
+    it_behaves_like 'expands', {
+      '{;who}' => ';who=fred',
+      '{;half}' => ';half=50%25',
+      '{;empty}' => ';empty',
+      '{;v,empty,who}' => ';v=6;empty;who=fred',
+      '{;v,bar,who}' => ';v=6;who=fred',
+      '{;x,y}' => ';x=1024;y=768',
+      '{;x,y,empty}' => ';x=1024;y=768;empty',
+      '{;x,y,undef}' => ';x=1024;y=768',
+      '{;hello:5}' => ';hello=Hello',
+      '{;list}' => ';list=red,green,blue',
+      '{;list*}' => ';list=red;list=green;list=blue',
+      '{;keys}' => [
+        ';keys=semi,%3B,dot,.,comma,%2C',
+        ';keys=dot,.,semi,%3B,comma,%2C',
+        ';keys=comma,%2C,semi,%3B,dot,.',
+        ';keys=semi,%3B,comma,%2C,dot,.',
+        ';keys=dot,.,comma,%2C,semi,%3B',
+        ';keys=comma,%2C,dot,.,semi,%3B'
+      ],
+      '{;keys*}' => [
+        ';semi=%3B;dot=.;comma=%2C',
+        ';dot=.;semi=%3B;comma=%2C',
+        ';comma=%2C;semi=%3B;dot=.',
+        ';semi=%3B;comma=%2C;dot=.',
+        ';dot=.;comma=%2C;semi=%3B',
+        ';comma=%2C;dot=.;semi=%3B'
+      ]
+    }
+  end
+  context "form query expansion (?)" do
+    it_behaves_like 'expands', {
+      '{?who}' => '?who=fred',
+      '{?half}' => '?half=50%25',
+      '{?x,y}' => '?x=1024&y=768',
+      '{?x,y,empty}' => '?x=1024&y=768&empty=',
+      '{?x,y,undef}' => '?x=1024&y=768',
+      '{?var:3}' => '?var=val',
+      '{?list}' => '?list=red,green,blue',
+      '{?list*}' => '?list=red&list=green&list=blue',
+      '{?keys}' => [
+        '?keys=semi,%3B,dot,.,comma,%2C',
+        '?keys=dot,.,semi,%3B,comma,%2C',
+        '?keys=comma,%2C,semi,%3B,dot,.',
+        '?keys=semi,%3B,comma,%2C,dot,.',
+        '?keys=dot,.,comma,%2C,semi,%3B',
+        '?keys=comma,%2C,dot,.,semi,%3B'
+      ],
+      '{?keys*}' => [
+        '?semi=%3B&dot=.&comma=%2C',
+        '?dot=.&semi=%3B&comma=%2C',
+        '?comma=%2C&semi=%3B&dot=.',
+        '?semi=%3B&comma=%2C&dot=.',
+        '?dot=.&comma=%2C&semi=%3B',
+        '?comma=%2C&dot=.&semi=%3B'
+      ]
+    }
+  end
+  context "form query expansion (&)" do
+    it_behaves_like 'expands', {
+      '{&who}' => '&who=fred',
+      '{&half}' => '&half=50%25',
+      '?fixed=yes{&x}' => '?fixed=yes&x=1024',
+      '{&x,y,empty}' => '&x=1024&y=768&empty=',
+      '{&x,y,undef}' => '&x=1024&y=768',
+      '{&var:3}' => '&var=val',
+      '{&list}' => '&list=red,green,blue',
+      '{&list*}' => '&list=red&list=green&list=blue',
+      '{&keys}' => [
+        '&keys=semi,%3B,dot,.,comma,%2C',
+        '&keys=dot,.,semi,%3B,comma,%2C',
+        '&keys=comma,%2C,semi,%3B,dot,.',
+        '&keys=semi,%3B,comma,%2C,dot,.',
+        '&keys=dot,.,comma,%2C,semi,%3B',
+        '&keys=comma,%2C,dot,.,semi,%3B'
+      ],
+      '{&keys*}' => [
+        '&semi=%3B&dot=.&comma=%2C',
+        '&dot=.&semi=%3B&comma=%2C',
+        '&comma=%2C&semi=%3B&dot=.',
+        '&semi=%3B&comma=%2C&dot=.',
+        '&dot=.&comma=%2C&semi=%3B',
+        '&comma=%2C&dot=.&semi=%3B'
+      ]
+    }
+  end
+  context "non-string key in match data" do
+    subject {Addressable::Template.new("http://example.com/{one}")}
+
+    it "raises TypeError" do
+      expect { subject.expand(Object.new => "1") }.to raise_error TypeError
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+class ExampleTwoProcessor
+  def self.restore(name, value)
+    return value.gsub(/-/, " ") if name == "query"
+    return value
+  end
+
+  def self.match(name)
+    return ".*?" if name == "first"
+    return ".*"
+  end
+  def self.validate(name, value)
+    return !!(value =~ /^[\w ]+$/) if name == "query"
+    return true
+  end
+
+  def self.transform(name, value)
+    return value.gsub(/ /, "+") if name == "query"
+    return value
+  end
+end
+
+class DumbProcessor
+  def self.match(name)
+    return ".*?" if name == "first"
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::Template do
+  describe 'initialize' do
+    context 'with a non-string' do
+      it 'raises a TypeError' do
+        expect { Addressable::Template.new(nil) }.to raise_error(TypeError)
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe 'freeze' do
+    subject { Addressable::Template.new("http://example.com/{first}/{+second}/") }
+    it 'freezes the template' do
+      expect(subject.freeze).to be_frozen
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe "Matching" do
+    let(:uri){
+      Addressable::URI.parse(
+        "http://example.com/search/an-example-search-query/"
+      )
+    }
+    let(:uri2){
+      Addressable::URI.parse("http://example.com/a/b/c/")
+    }
+    let(:uri3){
+      Addressable::URI.parse("http://example.com/;a=1;b=2;c=3;first=foo")
+    }
+    let(:uri4){
+      Addressable::URI.parse("http://example.com/?a=1&b=2&c=3&first=foo")
+    }
+    let(:uri5){
+      "http://example.com/foo"
+    }
+    context "first uri with ExampleTwoProcessor" do
+      subject {
+        Addressable::Template.new(
+          "http://example.com/search/{query}/"
+        ).match(uri, ExampleTwoProcessor)
+      }
+      its(:variables){ should == ["query"] }
+      its(:captures){ should == ["an example search query"] }
+    end
+
+    context "second uri with ExampleTwoProcessor" do
+      subject {
+        Addressable::Template.new(
+          "http://example.com/{first}/{+second}/"
+        ).match(uri2, ExampleTwoProcessor)
+      }
+      its(:variables){ should == ["first", "second"] }
+      its(:captures){ should == ["a", "b/c"] }
+    end
+
+    context "second uri with DumbProcessor" do
+      subject {
+        Addressable::Template.new(
+          "http://example.com/{first}/{+second}/"
+        ).match(uri2, DumbProcessor)
+      }
+      its(:variables){ should == ["first", "second"] }
+      its(:captures){ should == ["a", "b/c"] }
+    end
+
+    context "second uri" do
+      subject {
+        Addressable::Template.new(
+          "http://example.com/{first}{/second*}/"
+        ).match(uri2)
+      }
+      its(:variables){ should == ["first", "second"] }
+      its(:captures){ should == ["a", ["b","c"]] }
+    end
+    context "third uri" do
+      subject {
+        Addressable::Template.new(
+          "http://example.com/{;hash*,first}"
+        ).match(uri3)
+      }
+      its(:variables){ should == ["hash", "first"] }
+      its(:captures){ should == [
+        {"a" => "1", "b" => "2", "c" => "3", "first" => "foo"}, nil] }
+    end
+    # Note that this expansion is impossible to revert deterministically - the
+    # * operator means first could have been a key of hash or a separate key.
+    # Semantically, a separate key is more likely, but both are possible.
+    context "fourth uri" do
+      subject {
+        Addressable::Template.new(
+          "http://example.com/{?hash*,first}"
+        ).match(uri4)
+      }
+      its(:variables){ should == ["hash", "first"] }
+      its(:captures){ should == [
+        {"a" => "1", "b" => "2", "c" => "3", "first"=> "foo"}, nil] }
+    end
+    context "fifth uri" do
+      subject {
+        Addressable::Template.new(
+          "http://example.com/{path}{?hash*,first}"
+        ).match(uri5)
+      }
+      its(:variables){ should == ["path", "hash", "first"] }
+      its(:captures){ should == ["foo", nil, nil] }
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe 'match' do
+    subject { Addressable::Template.new('http://example.com/first/second/') }
+    context 'when the URI is the same as the template' do
+      it 'returns the match data itself with an empty mapping' do
+        uri = Addressable::URI.parse('http://example.com/first/second/')
+        match_data = subject.match(uri)
+        expect(match_data).to be_an Addressable::Template::MatchData
+        expect(match_data.uri).to eq(uri)
+        expect(match_data.template).to eq(subject)
+        expect(match_data.mapping).to be_empty
+        expect(match_data.inspect).to be_an String
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe "extract" do
+    let(:template) {
+      Addressable::Template.new(
+        "http://{host}{/segments*}/{?one,two,bogus}{#fragment}"
+      )
+    }
+    let(:uri){ "http://example.com/a/b/c/?one=1&two=2#foo" }
+    let(:uri2){ "http://example.com/a/b/c/#foo" }
+    it "should be able to extract with queries" do
+      expect(template.extract(uri)).to eq({
+        "host" => "example.com",
+        "segments" => %w(a b c),
+        "one" => "1",
+        "bogus" => nil,
+        "two" => "2",
+        "fragment" => "foo"
+      })
+    end
+    it "should be able to extract without queries" do
+      expect(template.extract(uri2)).to eq({
+        "host" => "example.com",
+        "segments" => %w(a b c),
+        "one" => nil,
+        "bogus" => nil,
+        "two" => nil,
+        "fragment" => "foo"
+      })
+    end
+
+    context "issue #137" do
+      subject { Addressable::Template.new('/path{?page,per_page}') }
+
+      it "can match empty" do
+        data = subject.extract("/path")
+        expect(data["page"]).to eq(nil)
+        expect(data["per_page"]).to eq(nil)
+        expect(data.keys.sort).to eq(['page', 'per_page'])
+      end
+
+      it "can match first var" do
+        data = subject.extract("/path?page=1")
+        expect(data["page"]).to eq("1")
+        expect(data["per_page"]).to eq(nil)
+        expect(data.keys.sort).to eq(['page', 'per_page'])
+      end
+
+      it "can match second var" do
+        data = subject.extract("/path?per_page=1")
+        expect(data["page"]).to eq(nil)
+        expect(data["per_page"]).to eq("1")
+        expect(data.keys.sort).to eq(['page', 'per_page'])
+      end
+
+      it "can match both vars" do
+        data = subject.extract("/path?page=2&per_page=1")
+        expect(data["page"]).to eq("2")
+        expect(data["per_page"]).to eq("1")
+        expect(data.keys.sort).to eq(['page', 'per_page'])
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe "Partial expand with symbols" do
+    context "partial_expand with two simple values" do
+      subject {
+        Addressable::Template.new("http://example.com/{one}/{two}/")
+      }
+      it "builds a new pattern" do
+        expect(subject.partial_expand(:one => "1").pattern).to eq(
+          "http://example.com/1/{two}/"
+        )
+      end
+    end
+    context "partial_expand query with missing param in middle" do
+      subject {
+        Addressable::Template.new("http://example.com/{?one,two,three}/")
+      }
+      it "builds a new pattern" do
+        expect(subject.partial_expand(:one => "1", :three => "3").pattern).to eq(
+          "http://example.com/?one=1{&two}&three=3/"
+        )
+      end
+    end
+    context "partial_expand form style query with missing param at beginning" do
+      subject {
+        Addressable::Template.new("http://example.com/{?one,two}/")
+      }
+      it "builds a new pattern" do
+        expect(subject.partial_expand(:two => "2").pattern).to eq(
+          "http://example.com/?two=2{&one}/"
+        )
+      end
+    end
+    context "partial_expand with query string" do
+      subject {
+        Addressable::Template.new("http://example.com/{?two,one}/")
+      }
+      it "builds a new pattern" do
+        expect(subject.partial_expand(:one => "1").pattern).to eq(
+          "http://example.com/?one=1{&two}/"
+        )
+      end
+    end
+    context "partial_expand with path operator" do
+      subject {
+        Addressable::Template.new("http://example.com{/one,two}/")
+      }
+      it "builds a new pattern" do
+        expect(subject.partial_expand(:one => "1").pattern).to eq(
+          "http://example.com/1{/two}/"
+        )
+      end
+    end
+    context "partial expand with unicode values" do
+      subject do
+        Addressable::Template.new("http://example.com/{resource}/{query}/")
+      end
+      it "normalizes unicode by default" do
+        template = subject.partial_expand("query" => "Cafe\u0301")
+        expect(template.pattern).to eq(
+          "http://example.com/{resource}/Caf%C3%A9/"
+        )
+      end
+
+      it "does not normalize unicode when byte semantics requested" do
+        template = subject.partial_expand({"query" => "Cafe\u0301"}, nil, false)
+        expect(template.pattern).to eq(
+          "http://example.com/{resource}/Cafe%CC%81/"
+        )
+      end
+    end
+  end
+  describe "Partial expand with strings" do
+    context "partial_expand with two simple values" do
+      subject {
+        Addressable::Template.new("http://example.com/{one}/{two}/")
+      }
+      it "builds a new pattern" do
+        expect(subject.partial_expand("one" => "1").pattern).to eq(
+          "http://example.com/1/{two}/"
+        )
+      end
+    end
+    context "partial_expand query with missing param in middle" do
+      subject {
+        Addressable::Template.new("http://example.com/{?one,two,three}/")
+      }
+      it "builds a new pattern" do
+        expect(subject.partial_expand("one" => "1", "three" => "3").pattern).to eq(
+          "http://example.com/?one=1{&two}&three=3/"
+        )
+      end
+    end
+    context "partial_expand with query string" do
+      subject {
+        Addressable::Template.new("http://example.com/{?two,one}/")
+      }
+      it "builds a new pattern" do
+        expect(subject.partial_expand("one" => "1").pattern).to eq(
+          "http://example.com/?one=1{&two}/"
+        )
+      end
+    end
+    context "partial_expand with path operator" do
+      subject {
+        Addressable::Template.new("http://example.com{/one,two}/")
+      }
+      it "builds a new pattern" do
+        expect(subject.partial_expand("one" => "1").pattern).to eq(
+          "http://example.com/1{/two}/"
+        )
+      end
+    end
+  end
+  describe "Expand" do
+    context "expand with unicode values" do
+      subject do
+        Addressable::Template.new("http://example.com/search/{query}/")
+      end
+      it "normalizes unicode by default" do
+        uri = subject.expand("query" => "Cafe\u0301").to_str
+        expect(uri).to eq("http://example.com/search/Caf%C3%A9/")
+      end
+
+      it "does not normalize unicode when byte semantics requested" do
+        uri = subject.expand({ "query" => "Cafe\u0301" }, nil, false).to_str
+        expect(uri).to eq("http://example.com/search/Cafe%CC%81/")
+      end
+    end
+    context "expand with a processor" do
+      subject {
+        Addressable::Template.new("http://example.com/search/{query}/")
+      }
+      it "processes spaces" do
+        expect(subject.expand({"query" => "an example search query"},
+                      ExampleTwoProcessor).to_str).to eq(
+          "http://example.com/search/an+example+search+query/"
+        )
+      end
+      it "validates" do
+        expect{
+          subject.expand({"query" => "Bogus!"},
+                      ExampleTwoProcessor).to_str
+        }.to raise_error(Addressable::Template::InvalidTemplateValueError)
+      end
+    end
+    context "partial_expand query with missing param in middle" do
+      subject {
+        Addressable::Template.new("http://example.com/{?one,two,three}/")
+      }
+      it "builds a new pattern" do
+        expect(subject.partial_expand("one" => "1", "three" => "3").pattern).to eq(
+          "http://example.com/?one=1{&two}&three=3/"
+        )
+      end
+    end
+    context "partial_expand with query string" do
+      subject {
+        Addressable::Template.new("http://example.com/{?two,one}/")
+      }
+      it "builds a new pattern" do
+        expect(subject.partial_expand("one" => "1").pattern).to eq(
+          "http://example.com/?one=1{&two}/"
+        )
+      end
+    end
+    context "partial_expand with path operator" do
+      subject {
+        Addressable::Template.new("http://example.com{/one,two}/")
+      }
+      it "builds a new pattern" do
+        expect(subject.partial_expand("one" => "1").pattern).to eq(
+          "http://example.com/1{/two}/"
+        )
+      end
+    end
+  end
+  context "Matching with operators" do
+    describe "Level 1:" do
+      subject { Addressable::Template.new("foo{foo}/{bar}baz") }
+      it "can match" do
+        data = subject.match("foofoo/bananabaz")
+        expect(data.mapping["foo"]).to eq("foo")
+        expect(data.mapping["bar"]).to eq("banana")
+      end
+      it "can fail" do
+        expect(subject.match("bar/foo")).to be_nil
+        expect(subject.match("foobaz")).to be_nil
+      end
+      it "can match empty" do
+        data = subject.match("foo/baz")
+        expect(data.mapping["foo"]).to eq(nil)
+        expect(data.mapping["bar"]).to eq(nil)
+      end
+      it "lists vars" do
+        expect(subject.variables).to eq(["foo", "bar"])
+      end
+    end
+
+    describe "Level 2:" do
+      subject { Addressable::Template.new("foo{+foo}{#bar}baz") }
+      it "can match" do
+        data = subject.match("foo/test/banana#bazbaz")
+        expect(data.mapping["foo"]).to eq("/test/banana")
+        expect(data.mapping["bar"]).to eq("baz")
+      end
+      it "can match empty level 2 #" do
+        data = subject.match("foo/test/bananabaz")
+        expect(data.mapping["foo"]).to eq("/test/banana")
+        expect(data.mapping["bar"]).to eq(nil)
+        data = subject.match("foo/test/banana#baz")
+        expect(data.mapping["foo"]).to eq("/test/banana")
+        expect(data.mapping["bar"]).to eq("")
+      end
+      it "can match empty level 2 +" do
+        data = subject.match("foobaz")
+        expect(data.mapping["foo"]).to eq(nil)
+        expect(data.mapping["bar"]).to eq(nil)
+        data = subject.match("foo#barbaz")
+        expect(data.mapping["foo"]).to eq(nil)
+        expect(data.mapping["bar"]).to eq("bar")
+      end
+      it "lists vars" do
+        expect(subject.variables).to eq(["foo", "bar"])
+      end
+    end
+
+    describe "Level 3:" do
+      context "no operator" do
+        subject { Addressable::Template.new("foo{foo,bar}baz") }
+        it "can match" do
+          data = subject.match("foofoo,barbaz")
+          expect(data.mapping["foo"]).to eq("foo")
+          expect(data.mapping["bar"]).to eq("bar")
+        end
+        it "lists vars" do
+          expect(subject.variables).to eq(["foo", "bar"])
+        end
+      end
+      context "+ operator" do
+        subject { Addressable::Template.new("foo{+foo,bar}baz") }
+        it "can match" do
+          data = subject.match("foofoo/bar,barbaz")
+          expect(data.mapping["bar"]).to eq("foo/bar,bar")
+          expect(data.mapping["foo"]).to eq("")
+        end
+        it "lists vars" do
+          expect(subject.variables).to eq(["foo", "bar"])
+        end
+      end
+      context ". operator" do
+        subject { Addressable::Template.new("foo{.foo,bar}baz") }
+        it "can match" do
+          data = subject.match("foo.foo.barbaz")
+          expect(data.mapping["foo"]).to eq("foo")
+          expect(data.mapping["bar"]).to eq("bar")
+        end
+        it "lists vars" do
+          expect(subject.variables).to eq(["foo", "bar"])
+        end
+      end
+      context "/ operator" do
+        subject { Addressable::Template.new("foo{/foo,bar}baz") }
+        it "can match" do
+          data = subject.match("foo/foo/barbaz")
+          expect(data.mapping["foo"]).to eq("foo")
+          expect(data.mapping["bar"]).to eq("bar")
+        end
+        it "lists vars" do
+          expect(subject.variables).to eq(["foo", "bar"])
+        end
+      end
+      context "; operator" do
+        subject { Addressable::Template.new("foo{;foo,bar,baz}baz") }
+        it "can match" do
+          data = subject.match("foo;foo=bar%20baz;bar=foo;bazbaz")
+          expect(data.mapping["foo"]).to eq("bar baz")
+          expect(data.mapping["bar"]).to eq("foo")
+          expect(data.mapping["baz"]).to eq("")
+        end
+        it "lists vars" do
+          expect(subject.variables).to eq(%w(foo bar baz))
+        end
+      end
+      context "? operator" do
+        context "test" do
+          subject { Addressable::Template.new("foo{?foo,bar}baz") }
+          it "can match" do
+            data = subject.match("foo?foo=bar%20baz&bar=foobaz")
+            expect(data.mapping["foo"]).to eq("bar baz")
+            expect(data.mapping["bar"]).to eq("foo")
+          end
+          it "lists vars" do
+            expect(subject.variables).to eq(%w(foo bar))
+          end
+        end
+
+        context "issue #137" do
+          subject { Addressable::Template.new('/path{?page,per_page}') }
+
+          it "can match empty" do
+            data = subject.match("/path")
+            expect(data.mapping["page"]).to eq(nil)
+            expect(data.mapping["per_page"]).to eq(nil)
+            expect(data.mapping.keys.sort).to eq(['page', 'per_page'])
+          end
+
+          it "can match first var" do
+            data = subject.match("/path?page=1")
+            expect(data.mapping["page"]).to eq("1")
+            expect(data.mapping["per_page"]).to eq(nil)
+            expect(data.mapping.keys.sort).to eq(['page', 'per_page'])
+          end
+
+          it "can match second var" do
+            data = subject.match("/path?per_page=1")
+            expect(data.mapping["page"]).to eq(nil)
+            expect(data.mapping["per_page"]).to eq("1")
+            expect(data.mapping.keys.sort).to eq(['page', 'per_page'])
+          end
+
+          it "can match both vars" do
+            data = subject.match("/path?page=2&per_page=1")
+            expect(data.mapping["page"]).to eq("2")
+            expect(data.mapping["per_page"]).to eq("1")
+            expect(data.mapping.keys.sort).to eq(['page', 'per_page'])
+          end
+        end
+
+        context "issue #71" do
+          subject { Addressable::Template.new("http://cyberscore.dev/api/users{?username}") }
+          it "can match" do
+            data = subject.match("http://cyberscore.dev/api/users?username=foobaz")
+            expect(data.mapping["username"]).to eq("foobaz")
+          end
+          it "lists vars" do
+            expect(subject.variables).to eq(%w(username))
+            expect(subject.keys).to eq(%w(username))
+          end
+        end
+      end
+      context "& operator" do
+        subject { Addressable::Template.new("foo{&foo,bar}baz") }
+        it "can match" do
+          data = subject.match("foo&foo=bar%20baz&bar=foobaz")
+          expect(data.mapping["foo"]).to eq("bar baz")
+          expect(data.mapping["bar"]).to eq("foo")
+        end
+        it "lists vars" do
+          expect(subject.variables).to eq(%w(foo bar))
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  context "support regexes:" do
+    context "EXPRESSION" do
+      subject { Addressable::Template::EXPRESSION }
+      it "should be able to match an expression" do
+        expect(subject).to match("{foo}")
+        expect(subject).to match("{foo,9}")
+        expect(subject).to match("{foo.bar,baz}")
+        expect(subject).to match("{+foo.bar,baz}")
+        expect(subject).to match("{foo,foo%20bar}")
+        expect(subject).to match("{#foo:20,baz*}")
+        expect(subject).to match("stuff{#foo:20,baz*}things")
+      end
+      it "should fail on non vars" do
+        expect(subject).not_to match("!{foo")
+        expect(subject).not_to match("{foo.bar.}")
+        expect(subject).not_to match("!{}")
+      end
+    end
+    context "VARNAME" do
+      subject { Addressable::Template::VARNAME }
+      it "should be able to match a variable" do
+        expect(subject).to match("foo")
+        expect(subject).to match("9")
+        expect(subject).to match("foo.bar")
+        expect(subject).to match("foo_bar")
+        expect(subject).to match("foo_bar.baz")
+        expect(subject).to match("foo%20bar")
+        expect(subject).to match("foo%20bar.baz")
+      end
+      it "should fail on non vars" do
+        expect(subject).not_to match("!foo")
+        expect(subject).not_to match("foo.bar.")
+        expect(subject).not_to match("foo%2%00bar")
+        expect(subject).not_to match("foo_ba%r")
+        expect(subject).not_to match("foo_bar*")
+        expect(subject).not_to match("foo_bar:20")
+      end
+    end
+    context "VARIABLE_LIST" do
+      subject { Addressable::Template::VARIABLE_LIST }
+      it "should be able to match a variable list" do
+        expect(subject).to match("foo,bar")
+        expect(subject).to match("foo")
+        expect(subject).to match("foo,bar*,baz")
+        expect(subject).to match("foo.bar,bar_baz*,baz:12")
+      end
+      it "should fail on non vars" do
+        expect(subject).not_to match(",foo,bar*,baz")
+        expect(subject).not_to match("foo,*bar,baz")
+        expect(subject).not_to match("foo,,bar*,baz")
+      end
+    end
+    context "VARSPEC" do
+      subject { Addressable::Template::VARSPEC }
+      it "should be able to match a variable with modifier" do
+        expect(subject).to match("9:8")
+        expect(subject).to match("foo.bar*")
+        expect(subject).to match("foo_bar:12")
+        expect(subject).to match("foo_bar.baz*")
+        expect(subject).to match("foo%20bar:12")
+        expect(subject).to match("foo%20bar.baz*")
+      end
+      it "should fail on non vars" do
+        expect(subject).not_to match("!foo")
+        expect(subject).not_to match("*foo")
+        expect(subject).not_to match("fo*o")
+        expect(subject).not_to match("fo:o")
+        expect(subject).not_to match("foo:")
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::Template::MatchData do
+  let(:template) { Addressable::Template.new('{foo}/{bar}') }
+  subject(:its) { template.match('ab/cd') }
+  its(:uri) { should == Addressable::URI.parse('ab/cd') }
+  its(:template) { should == template }
+  its(:mapping) { should == { 'foo' => 'ab', 'bar' => 'cd' } }
+  its(:variables) { should == ['foo', 'bar'] }
+  its(:keys) { should == ['foo', 'bar'] }
+  its(:names) { should == ['foo', 'bar'] }
+  its(:values) { should == ['ab', 'cd'] }
+  its(:captures) { should == ['ab', 'cd'] }
+  its(:to_a) { should == ['ab/cd', 'ab', 'cd'] }
+  its(:to_s) { should == 'ab/cd' }
+  its(:string) { should == its.to_s }
+  its(:pre_match) { should == "" }
+  its(:post_match) { should == "" }
+
+  describe 'values_at' do
+    it 'returns an array with the values' do
+      expect(its.values_at(0, 2)).to eq(['ab/cd', 'cd'])
+    end
+    it 'allows mixing integer an string keys' do
+      expect(its.values_at('foo', 1)).to eq(['ab', 'ab'])
+    end
+    it 'accepts unknown keys' do
+      expect(its.values_at('baz', 'foo')).to eq([nil, 'ab'])
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe '[]' do
+    context 'string key' do
+      it 'returns the corresponding capture' do
+        expect(its['foo']).to eq('ab')
+        expect(its['bar']).to eq('cd')
+      end
+      it 'returns nil for unknown keys' do
+        expect(its['baz']).to be_nil
+      end
+    end
+    context 'symbol key' do
+      it 'returns the corresponding capture' do
+        expect(its[:foo]).to eq('ab')
+        expect(its[:bar]).to eq('cd')
+      end
+      it 'returns nil for unknown keys' do
+        expect(its[:baz]).to be_nil
+      end
+    end
+    context 'integer key' do
+      it 'returns the full URI for index 0' do
+        expect(its[0]).to eq('ab/cd')
+      end
+      it 'returns the corresponding capture' do
+        expect(its[1]).to eq('ab')
+        expect(its[2]).to eq('cd')
+      end
+      it 'returns nil for unknown keys' do
+        expect(its[3]).to be_nil
+      end
+    end
+    context 'other key' do
+      it 'raises an exception' do
+        expect { its[Object.new] }.to raise_error(TypeError)
+      end
+    end
+    context 'with length' do
+      it 'returns an array starting at index with given length' do
+        expect(its[0, 2]).to eq(['ab/cd', 'ab'])
+        expect(its[2, 1]).to eq(['cd'])
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/addressable-2.5.2/spec/addressable/uri_spec.rb b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/addressable-2.5.2/spec/addressable/uri_spec.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9a15c28bb06f711423afbf127b4c16f1504aca65
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/addressable-2.5.2/spec/addressable/uri_spec.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,6468 @@
+# coding: utf-8
+# Copyright (C) Bob Aman
+#
+#    Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+#    you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+#    You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#        http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+#    Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+#    distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+#    WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+#    See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+#    limitations under the License.
+
+
+require "spec_helper"
+
+require "addressable/uri"
+require "uri"
+require "ipaddr"
+
+if !"".respond_to?("force_encoding")
+  class String
+    def force_encoding(encoding)
+      @encoding = encoding
+    end
+
+    def encoding
+      @encoding ||= Encoding::ASCII_8BIT
+    end
+  end
+
+  class Encoding
+    def initialize(name)
+      @name = name
+    end
+
+    def to_s
+      return @name
+    end
+
+    UTF_8 = Encoding.new("UTF-8")
+    ASCII_8BIT = Encoding.new("US-ASCII")
+  end
+end
+
+module Fake
+  module URI
+    class HTTP
+      def initialize(uri)
+        @uri = uri
+      end
+
+      def to_s
+        return @uri.to_s
+      end
+
+      alias :to_str :to_s
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when created with a non-numeric port number" do
+  it "should raise an error" do
+    expect(lambda do
+      Addressable::URI.new(:port => "bogus")
+    end).to raise_error(Addressable::URI::InvalidURIError)
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when created with a invalid encoded port number" do
+  it "should raise an error" do
+    expect(lambda do
+      Addressable::URI.new(:port => "%eb")
+    end).to raise_error(Addressable::URI::InvalidURIError)
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when created with a non-string scheme" do
+  it "should raise an error" do
+    expect(lambda do
+      Addressable::URI.new(:scheme => :bogus)
+    end).to raise_error(TypeError)
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when created with a non-string user" do
+  it "should raise an error" do
+    expect(lambda do
+      Addressable::URI.new(:user => :bogus)
+    end).to raise_error(TypeError)
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when created with a non-string password" do
+  it "should raise an error" do
+    expect(lambda do
+      Addressable::URI.new(:password => :bogus)
+    end).to raise_error(TypeError)
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when created with a non-string userinfo" do
+  it "should raise an error" do
+    expect(lambda do
+      Addressable::URI.new(:userinfo => :bogus)
+    end).to raise_error(TypeError)
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when created with a non-string host" do
+  it "should raise an error" do
+    expect(lambda do
+      Addressable::URI.new(:host => :bogus)
+    end).to raise_error(TypeError)
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when created with a non-string authority" do
+  it "should raise an error" do
+    expect(lambda do
+      Addressable::URI.new(:authority => :bogus)
+    end).to raise_error(TypeError)
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when created with a non-string path" do
+  it "should raise an error" do
+    expect(lambda do
+      Addressable::URI.new(:path => :bogus)
+    end).to raise_error(TypeError)
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when created with a non-string query" do
+  it "should raise an error" do
+    expect(lambda do
+      Addressable::URI.new(:query => :bogus)
+    end).to raise_error(TypeError)
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when created with a non-string fragment" do
+  it "should raise an error" do
+    expect(lambda do
+      Addressable::URI.new(:fragment => :bogus)
+    end).to raise_error(TypeError)
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when created with a scheme but no hierarchical " +
+    "segment" do
+  it "should raise an error" do
+    expect(lambda do
+      Addressable::URI.parse("http:")
+    end).to raise_error(Addressable::URI::InvalidURIError)
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "quote handling" do
+  describe 'in host name' do
+    it "should raise an error for single quote" do
+      expect(lambda do
+        Addressable::URI.parse("http://local\"host/")
+      end).to raise_error(Addressable::URI::InvalidURIError)
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "newline normalization" do
+  it "should not accept newlines in scheme" do
+    expect(lambda do
+      Addressable::URI.parse("ht%0atp://localhost/")
+    end).to raise_error(Addressable::URI::InvalidURIError)
+  end
+
+  it "should not unescape newline in path" do
+    uri = Addressable::URI.parse("http://localhost/%0a").normalize
+    expect(uri.to_s).to eq("http://localhost/%0A")
+  end
+
+  it "should not unescape newline in hostname" do
+    uri = Addressable::URI.parse("http://local%0ahost/").normalize
+    expect(uri.to_s).to eq("http://local%0Ahost/")
+  end
+
+  it "should not unescape newline in username" do
+    uri = Addressable::URI.parse("http://foo%0abar@localhost/").normalize
+    expect(uri.to_s).to eq("http://foo%0Abar@localhost/")
+  end
+
+  it "should not unescape newline in username" do
+    uri = Addressable::URI.parse("http://example:foo%0abar@example/").normalize
+    expect(uri.to_s).to eq("http://example:foo%0Abar@example/")
+  end
+
+  it "should not accept newline in hostname" do
+    uri = Addressable::URI.parse("http://localhost/")
+    expect(lambda do
+      uri.host = "local\nhost"
+    end).to raise_error(Addressable::URI::InvalidURIError)
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when created with ambiguous path" do
+  it "should raise an error" do
+    expect(lambda do
+      Addressable::URI.parse("::http")
+    end).to raise_error(Addressable::URI::InvalidURIError)
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when created with an invalid host" do
+  it "should raise an error" do
+    expect(lambda do
+      Addressable::URI.new(:host => "<invalid>")
+    end).to raise_error(Addressable::URI::InvalidURIError)
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when created with a host consisting of " +
+    "sub-delims characters" do
+  it "should not raise an error" do
+    expect(lambda do
+      Addressable::URI.new(
+        :host => Addressable::URI::CharacterClasses::SUB_DELIMS.gsub(/\\/, '')
+      )
+    end).not_to raise_error
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when created with a host consisting of " +
+    "unreserved characters" do
+  it "should not raise an error" do
+    expect(lambda do
+      Addressable::URI.new(
+        :host => Addressable::URI::CharacterClasses::UNRESERVED.gsub(/\\/, '')
+      )
+    end).not_to raise_error
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when created from nil components" do
+  before do
+    @uri = Addressable::URI.new
+  end
+
+  it "should have a nil site value" do
+    expect(@uri.site).to eq(nil)
+  end
+
+  it "should have an empty path" do
+    expect(@uri.path).to eq("")
+  end
+
+  it "should be an empty uri" do
+    expect(@uri.to_s).to eq("")
+  end
+
+  it "should have a nil default port" do
+    expect(@uri.default_port).to eq(nil)
+  end
+
+  it "should be empty" do
+    expect(@uri).to be_empty
+  end
+
+  it "should raise an error if the scheme is set to whitespace" do
+    expect(lambda do
+      @uri.scheme = "\t \n"
+    end).to raise_error(Addressable::URI::InvalidURIError)
+  end
+
+  it "should raise an error if the scheme is set to all digits" do
+    expect(lambda do
+      @uri.scheme = "123"
+    end).to raise_error(Addressable::URI::InvalidURIError)
+  end
+
+  it "should raise an error if the scheme begins with a digit" do
+    expect(lambda do
+      @uri.scheme = "1scheme"
+    end).to raise_error(Addressable::URI::InvalidURIError)
+  end
+
+  it "should raise an error if the scheme begins with a plus" do
+    expect(lambda do
+      @uri.scheme = "+scheme"
+    end).to raise_error(Addressable::URI::InvalidURIError)
+  end
+
+  it "should raise an error if the scheme begins with a dot" do
+    expect(lambda do
+      @uri.scheme = ".scheme"
+    end).to raise_error(Addressable::URI::InvalidURIError)
+  end
+
+  it "should raise an error if the scheme begins with a dash" do
+    expect(lambda do
+      @uri.scheme = "-scheme"
+    end).to raise_error(Addressable::URI::InvalidURIError)
+  end
+
+  it "should raise an error if the scheme contains an illegal character" do
+    expect(lambda do
+      @uri.scheme = "scheme!"
+    end).to raise_error(Addressable::URI::InvalidURIError)
+  end
+
+  it "should raise an error if the scheme contains whitespace" do
+    expect(lambda do
+      @uri.scheme = "sch eme"
+    end).to raise_error(Addressable::URI::InvalidURIError)
+  end
+
+  it "should raise an error if the scheme contains a newline" do
+    expect(lambda do
+      @uri.scheme = "sch\neme"
+    end).to raise_error(Addressable::URI::InvalidURIError)
+  end
+
+  it "should raise an error if set into an invalid state" do
+    expect(lambda do
+      @uri.user = "user"
+    end).to raise_error(Addressable::URI::InvalidURIError)
+  end
+
+  it "should raise an error if set into an invalid state" do
+    expect(lambda do
+      @uri.password = "pass"
+    end).to raise_error(Addressable::URI::InvalidURIError)
+  end
+
+  it "should raise an error if set into an invalid state" do
+    expect(lambda do
+      @uri.scheme = "http"
+      @uri.fragment = "fragment"
+    end).to raise_error(Addressable::URI::InvalidURIError)
+  end
+
+  it "should raise an error if set into an invalid state" do
+    expect(lambda do
+      @uri.fragment = "fragment"
+      @uri.scheme = "http"
+    end).to raise_error(Addressable::URI::InvalidURIError)
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when initialized from individual components" do
+  before do
+    @uri = Addressable::URI.new(
+      :scheme => "http",
+      :user => "user",
+      :password => "password",
+      :host => "example.com",
+      :port => 8080,
+      :path => "/path",
+      :query => "query=value",
+      :fragment => "fragment"
+    )
+  end
+
+  it "returns 'http' for #scheme" do
+    expect(@uri.scheme).to eq("http")
+  end
+
+  it "returns 'http' for #normalized_scheme" do
+    expect(@uri.normalized_scheme).to eq("http")
+  end
+
+  it "returns 'user' for #user" do
+    expect(@uri.user).to eq("user")
+  end
+
+  it "returns 'user' for #normalized_user" do
+    expect(@uri.normalized_user).to eq("user")
+  end
+
+  it "returns 'password' for #password" do
+    expect(@uri.password).to eq("password")
+  end
+
+  it "returns 'password' for #normalized_password" do
+    expect(@uri.normalized_password).to eq("password")
+  end
+
+  it "returns 'user:password' for #userinfo" do
+    expect(@uri.userinfo).to eq("user:password")
+  end
+
+  it "returns 'user:password' for #normalized_userinfo" do
+    expect(@uri.normalized_userinfo).to eq("user:password")
+  end
+
+  it "returns 'example.com' for #host" do
+    expect(@uri.host).to eq("example.com")
+  end
+
+  it "returns 'example.com' for #normalized_host" do
+    expect(@uri.normalized_host).to eq("example.com")
+  end
+
+  it "returns 'com' for #tld" do
+    expect(@uri.tld).to eq("com")
+  end
+
+  it "returns 'user:password@example.com:8080' for #authority" do
+    expect(@uri.authority).to eq("user:password@example.com:8080")
+  end
+
+  it "returns 'user:password@example.com:8080' for #normalized_authority" do
+    expect(@uri.normalized_authority).to eq("user:password@example.com:8080")
+  end
+
+  it "returns 8080 for #port" do
+    expect(@uri.port).to eq(8080)
+  end
+
+  it "returns 8080 for #normalized_port" do
+    expect(@uri.normalized_port).to eq(8080)
+  end
+
+  it "returns 80 for #default_port" do
+    expect(@uri.default_port).to eq(80)
+  end
+
+  it "returns 'http://user:password@example.com:8080' for #site" do
+    expect(@uri.site).to eq("http://user:password@example.com:8080")
+  end
+
+  it "returns 'http://user:password@example.com:8080' for #normalized_site" do
+    expect(@uri.normalized_site).to eq("http://user:password@example.com:8080")
+  end
+
+  it "returns '/path' for #path" do
+    expect(@uri.path).to eq("/path")
+  end
+
+  it "returns '/path' for #normalized_path" do
+    expect(@uri.normalized_path).to eq("/path")
+  end
+
+  it "returns 'query=value' for #query" do
+    expect(@uri.query).to eq("query=value")
+  end
+
+  it "returns 'query=value' for #normalized_query" do
+    expect(@uri.normalized_query).to eq("query=value")
+  end
+
+  it "returns 'fragment' for #fragment" do
+    expect(@uri.fragment).to eq("fragment")
+  end
+
+  it "returns 'fragment' for #normalized_fragment" do
+    expect(@uri.normalized_fragment).to eq("fragment")
+  end
+
+  it "returns #hash" do
+    expect(@uri.hash).not_to be nil
+  end
+
+  it "returns #to_s" do
+    expect(@uri.to_s).to eq(
+      "http://user:password@example.com:8080/path?query=value#fragment"
+    )
+  end
+
+  it "should not be empty" do
+    expect(@uri).not_to be_empty
+  end
+
+  it "should not be frozen" do
+    expect(@uri).not_to be_frozen
+  end
+
+  it "should allow destructive operations" do
+    expect { @uri.normalize! }.not_to raise_error
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when initialized from " +
+    "frozen individual components" do
+  before do
+    @uri = Addressable::URI.new(
+      :scheme => "http".freeze,
+      :user => "user".freeze,
+      :password => "password".freeze,
+      :host => "example.com".freeze,
+      :port => "8080".freeze,
+      :path => "/path".freeze,
+      :query => "query=value".freeze,
+      :fragment => "fragment".freeze
+    )
+  end
+
+  it "returns 'http' for #scheme" do
+    expect(@uri.scheme).to eq("http")
+  end
+
+  it "returns 'http' for #normalized_scheme" do
+    expect(@uri.normalized_scheme).to eq("http")
+  end
+
+  it "returns 'user' for #user" do
+    expect(@uri.user).to eq("user")
+  end
+
+  it "returns 'user' for #normalized_user" do
+    expect(@uri.normalized_user).to eq("user")
+  end
+
+  it "returns 'password' for #password" do
+    expect(@uri.password).to eq("password")
+  end
+
+  it "returns 'password' for #normalized_password" do
+    expect(@uri.normalized_password).to eq("password")
+  end
+
+  it "returns 'user:password' for #userinfo" do
+    expect(@uri.userinfo).to eq("user:password")
+  end
+
+  it "returns 'user:password' for #normalized_userinfo" do
+    expect(@uri.normalized_userinfo).to eq("user:password")
+  end
+
+  it "returns 'example.com' for #host" do
+    expect(@uri.host).to eq("example.com")
+  end
+
+  it "returns 'example.com' for #normalized_host" do
+    expect(@uri.normalized_host).to eq("example.com")
+  end
+
+  it "returns 'user:password@example.com:8080' for #authority" do
+    expect(@uri.authority).to eq("user:password@example.com:8080")
+  end
+
+  it "returns 'user:password@example.com:8080' for #normalized_authority" do
+    expect(@uri.normalized_authority).to eq("user:password@example.com:8080")
+  end
+
+  it "returns 8080 for #port" do
+    expect(@uri.port).to eq(8080)
+  end
+
+  it "returns 8080 for #normalized_port" do
+    expect(@uri.normalized_port).to eq(8080)
+  end
+
+  it "returns 80 for #default_port" do
+    expect(@uri.default_port).to eq(80)
+  end
+
+  it "returns 'http://user:password@example.com:8080' for #site" do
+    expect(@uri.site).to eq("http://user:password@example.com:8080")
+  end
+
+  it "returns 'http://user:password@example.com:8080' for #normalized_site" do
+    expect(@uri.normalized_site).to eq("http://user:password@example.com:8080")
+  end
+
+  it "returns '/path' for #path" do
+    expect(@uri.path).to eq("/path")
+  end
+
+  it "returns '/path' for #normalized_path" do
+    expect(@uri.normalized_path).to eq("/path")
+  end
+
+  it "returns 'query=value' for #query" do
+    expect(@uri.query).to eq("query=value")
+  end
+
+  it "returns 'query=value' for #normalized_query" do
+    expect(@uri.normalized_query).to eq("query=value")
+  end
+
+  it "returns 'fragment' for #fragment" do
+    expect(@uri.fragment).to eq("fragment")
+  end
+
+  it "returns 'fragment' for #normalized_fragment" do
+    expect(@uri.normalized_fragment).to eq("fragment")
+  end
+
+  it "returns #hash" do
+    expect(@uri.hash).not_to be nil
+  end
+
+  it "returns #to_s" do
+    expect(@uri.to_s).to eq(
+      "http://user:password@example.com:8080/path?query=value#fragment"
+    )
+  end
+
+  it "should not be empty" do
+    expect(@uri).not_to be_empty
+  end
+
+  it "should not be frozen" do
+    expect(@uri).not_to be_frozen
+  end
+
+  it "should allow destructive operations" do
+    expect { @uri.normalize! }.not_to raise_error
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when parsed from a frozen string" do
+  before do
+    @uri = Addressable::URI.parse(
+      "http://user:password@example.com:8080/path?query=value#fragment".freeze
+    )
+  end
+
+  it "returns 'http' for #scheme" do
+    expect(@uri.scheme).to eq("http")
+  end
+
+  it "returns 'http' for #normalized_scheme" do
+    expect(@uri.normalized_scheme).to eq("http")
+  end
+
+  it "returns 'user' for #user" do
+    expect(@uri.user).to eq("user")
+  end
+
+  it "returns 'user' for #normalized_user" do
+    expect(@uri.normalized_user).to eq("user")
+  end
+
+  it "returns 'password' for #password" do
+    expect(@uri.password).to eq("password")
+  end
+
+  it "returns 'password' for #normalized_password" do
+    expect(@uri.normalized_password).to eq("password")
+  end
+
+  it "returns 'user:password' for #userinfo" do
+    expect(@uri.userinfo).to eq("user:password")
+  end
+
+  it "returns 'user:password' for #normalized_userinfo" do
+    expect(@uri.normalized_userinfo).to eq("user:password")
+  end
+
+  it "returns 'example.com' for #host" do
+    expect(@uri.host).to eq("example.com")
+  end
+
+  it "returns 'example.com' for #normalized_host" do
+    expect(@uri.normalized_host).to eq("example.com")
+  end
+
+  it "returns 'user:password@example.com:8080' for #authority" do
+    expect(@uri.authority).to eq("user:password@example.com:8080")
+  end
+
+  it "returns 'user:password@example.com:8080' for #normalized_authority" do
+    expect(@uri.normalized_authority).to eq("user:password@example.com:8080")
+  end
+
+  it "returns 8080 for #port" do
+    expect(@uri.port).to eq(8080)
+  end
+
+  it "returns 8080 for #normalized_port" do
+    expect(@uri.normalized_port).to eq(8080)
+  end
+
+  it "returns 80 for #default_port" do
+    expect(@uri.default_port).to eq(80)
+  end
+
+  it "returns 'http://user:password@example.com:8080' for #site" do
+    expect(@uri.site).to eq("http://user:password@example.com:8080")
+  end
+
+  it "returns 'http://user:password@example.com:8080' for #normalized_site" do
+    expect(@uri.normalized_site).to eq("http://user:password@example.com:8080")
+  end
+
+  it "returns '/path' for #path" do
+    expect(@uri.path).to eq("/path")
+  end
+
+  it "returns '/path' for #normalized_path" do
+    expect(@uri.normalized_path).to eq("/path")
+  end
+
+  it "returns 'query=value' for #query" do
+    expect(@uri.query).to eq("query=value")
+  end
+
+  it "returns 'query=value' for #normalized_query" do
+    expect(@uri.normalized_query).to eq("query=value")
+  end
+
+  it "returns 'fragment' for #fragment" do
+    expect(@uri.fragment).to eq("fragment")
+  end
+
+  it "returns 'fragment' for #normalized_fragment" do
+    expect(@uri.normalized_fragment).to eq("fragment")
+  end
+
+  it "returns #hash" do
+    expect(@uri.hash).not_to be nil
+  end
+
+  it "returns #to_s" do
+    expect(@uri.to_s).to eq(
+      "http://user:password@example.com:8080/path?query=value#fragment"
+    )
+  end
+
+  it "should not be empty" do
+    expect(@uri).not_to be_empty
+  end
+
+  it "should not be frozen" do
+    expect(@uri).not_to be_frozen
+  end
+
+  it "should allow destructive operations" do
+    expect { @uri.normalize! }.not_to raise_error
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when frozen" do
+  before do
+    @uri = Addressable::URI.new.freeze
+  end
+
+  it "returns nil for #scheme" do
+    expect(@uri.scheme).to eq(nil)
+  end
+
+  it "returns nil for #normalized_scheme" do
+    expect(@uri.normalized_scheme).to eq(nil)
+  end
+
+  it "returns nil for #user" do
+    expect(@uri.user).to eq(nil)
+  end
+
+  it "returns nil for #normalized_user" do
+    expect(@uri.normalized_user).to eq(nil)
+  end
+
+  it "returns nil for #password" do
+    expect(@uri.password).to eq(nil)
+  end
+
+  it "returns nil for #normalized_password" do
+    expect(@uri.normalized_password).to eq(nil)
+  end
+
+  it "returns nil for #userinfo" do
+    expect(@uri.userinfo).to eq(nil)
+  end
+
+  it "returns nil for #normalized_userinfo" do
+    expect(@uri.normalized_userinfo).to eq(nil)
+  end
+
+  it "returns nil for #host" do
+    expect(@uri.host).to eq(nil)
+  end
+
+  it "returns nil for #normalized_host" do
+    expect(@uri.normalized_host).to eq(nil)
+  end
+
+  it "returns nil for #authority" do
+    expect(@uri.authority).to eq(nil)
+  end
+
+  it "returns nil for #normalized_authority" do
+    expect(@uri.normalized_authority).to eq(nil)
+  end
+
+  it "returns nil for #port" do
+    expect(@uri.port).to eq(nil)
+  end
+
+  it "returns nil for #normalized_port" do
+    expect(@uri.normalized_port).to eq(nil)
+  end
+
+  it "returns nil for #default_port" do
+    expect(@uri.default_port).to eq(nil)
+  end
+
+  it "returns nil for #site" do
+    expect(@uri.site).to eq(nil)
+  end
+
+  it "returns nil for #normalized_site" do
+    expect(@uri.normalized_site).to eq(nil)
+  end
+
+  it "returns '' for #path" do
+    expect(@uri.path).to eq('')
+  end
+
+  it "returns '' for #normalized_path" do
+    expect(@uri.normalized_path).to eq('')
+  end
+
+  it "returns nil for #query" do
+    expect(@uri.query).to eq(nil)
+  end
+
+  it "returns nil for #normalized_query" do
+    expect(@uri.normalized_query).to eq(nil)
+  end
+
+  it "returns nil for #fragment" do
+    expect(@uri.fragment).to eq(nil)
+  end
+
+  it "returns nil for #normalized_fragment" do
+    expect(@uri.normalized_fragment).to eq(nil)
+  end
+
+  it "returns #hash" do
+    expect(@uri.hash).not_to be nil
+  end
+
+  it "returns #to_s" do
+    expect(@uri.to_s).to eq('')
+  end
+
+  it "should be empty" do
+    expect(@uri).to be_empty
+  end
+
+  it "should be frozen" do
+    expect(@uri).to be_frozen
+  end
+
+  it "should not be frozen after duping" do
+    expect(@uri.dup).not_to be_frozen
+  end
+
+  it "should not allow destructive operations" do
+    expect { @uri.normalize! }.to raise_error { |error|
+      expect(error.message).to match(/can't modify frozen/)
+      expect(error).to satisfy { |e| RuntimeError === e || TypeError === e }
+    }
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when frozen" do
+  before do
+    @uri = Addressable::URI.parse(
+      "HTTP://example.com.:%38%30/%70a%74%68?a=%31#1%323"
+    ).freeze
+  end
+
+  it "returns 'HTTP' for #scheme" do
+    expect(@uri.scheme).to eq("HTTP")
+  end
+
+  it "returns 'http' for #normalized_scheme" do
+    expect(@uri.normalized_scheme).to eq("http")
+    expect(@uri.normalize.scheme).to eq("http")
+  end
+
+  it "returns nil for #user" do
+    expect(@uri.user).to eq(nil)
+  end
+
+  it "returns nil for #normalized_user" do
+    expect(@uri.normalized_user).to eq(nil)
+  end
+
+  it "returns nil for #password" do
+    expect(@uri.password).to eq(nil)
+  end
+
+  it "returns nil for #normalized_password" do
+    expect(@uri.normalized_password).to eq(nil)
+  end
+
+  it "returns nil for #userinfo" do
+    expect(@uri.userinfo).to eq(nil)
+  end
+
+  it "returns nil for #normalized_userinfo" do
+    expect(@uri.normalized_userinfo).to eq(nil)
+  end
+
+  it "returns 'example.com.' for #host" do
+    expect(@uri.host).to eq("example.com.")
+  end
+
+  it "returns nil for #normalized_host" do
+    expect(@uri.normalized_host).to eq("example.com")
+    expect(@uri.normalize.host).to eq("example.com")
+  end
+
+  it "returns 'example.com.:80' for #authority" do
+    expect(@uri.authority).to eq("example.com.:80")
+  end
+
+  it "returns 'example.com:80' for #normalized_authority" do
+    expect(@uri.normalized_authority).to eq("example.com")
+    expect(@uri.normalize.authority).to eq("example.com")
+  end
+
+  it "returns 80 for #port" do
+    expect(@uri.port).to eq(80)
+  end
+
+  it "returns nil for #normalized_port" do
+    expect(@uri.normalized_port).to eq(nil)
+    expect(@uri.normalize.port).to eq(nil)
+  end
+
+  it "returns 80 for #default_port" do
+    expect(@uri.default_port).to eq(80)
+  end
+
+  it "returns 'HTTP://example.com.:80' for #site" do
+    expect(@uri.site).to eq("HTTP://example.com.:80")
+  end
+
+  it "returns 'http://example.com' for #normalized_site" do
+    expect(@uri.normalized_site).to eq("http://example.com")
+    expect(@uri.normalize.site).to eq("http://example.com")
+  end
+
+  it "returns '/%70a%74%68' for #path" do
+    expect(@uri.path).to eq("/%70a%74%68")
+  end
+
+  it "returns '/path' for #normalized_path" do
+    expect(@uri.normalized_path).to eq("/path")
+    expect(@uri.normalize.path).to eq("/path")
+  end
+
+  it "returns 'a=%31' for #query" do
+    expect(@uri.query).to eq("a=%31")
+  end
+
+  it "returns 'a=1' for #normalized_query" do
+    expect(@uri.normalized_query).to eq("a=1")
+    expect(@uri.normalize.query).to eq("a=1")
+  end
+
+  it "returns '/%70a%74%68?a=%31' for #request_uri" do
+    expect(@uri.request_uri).to eq("/%70a%74%68?a=%31")
+  end
+
+  it "returns '1%323' for #fragment" do
+    expect(@uri.fragment).to eq("1%323")
+  end
+
+  it "returns '123' for #normalized_fragment" do
+    expect(@uri.normalized_fragment).to eq("123")
+    expect(@uri.normalize.fragment).to eq("123")
+  end
+
+  it "returns #hash" do
+    expect(@uri.hash).not_to be nil
+  end
+
+  it "returns #to_s" do
+    expect(@uri.to_s).to eq('HTTP://example.com.:80/%70a%74%68?a=%31#1%323')
+    expect(@uri.normalize.to_s).to eq('http://example.com/path?a=1#123')
+  end
+
+  it "should not be empty" do
+    expect(@uri).not_to be_empty
+  end
+
+  it "should be frozen" do
+    expect(@uri).to be_frozen
+  end
+
+  it "should not be frozen after duping" do
+    expect(@uri.dup).not_to be_frozen
+  end
+
+  it "should not allow destructive operations" do
+    expect { @uri.normalize! }.to raise_error { |error|
+      expect(error.message).to match(/can't modify frozen/)
+      expect(error).to satisfy { |e| RuntimeError === e || TypeError === e }
+    }
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when created from string components" do
+  before do
+    @uri = Addressable::URI.new(
+      :scheme => "http", :host => "example.com"
+    )
+  end
+
+  it "should have a site value of 'http://example.com'" do
+    expect(@uri.site).to eq("http://example.com")
+  end
+
+  it "should be equal to the equivalent parsed URI" do
+    expect(@uri).to eq(Addressable::URI.parse("http://example.com"))
+  end
+
+  it "should raise an error if invalid components omitted" do
+    expect(lambda do
+      @uri.omit(:bogus)
+    end).to raise_error(ArgumentError)
+    expect(lambda do
+      @uri.omit(:scheme, :bogus, :path)
+    end).to raise_error(ArgumentError)
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when created with a nil host but " +
+    "non-nil authority components" do
+  it "should raise an error" do
+    expect(lambda do
+      Addressable::URI.new(:user => "user", :password => "pass", :port => 80)
+    end).to raise_error(Addressable::URI::InvalidURIError)
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when created with both an authority and a user" do
+  it "should raise an error" do
+    expect(lambda do
+      Addressable::URI.new(
+        :user => "user", :authority => "user@example.com:80"
+      )
+    end).to raise_error(ArgumentError)
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when created with an authority and no port" do
+  before do
+    @uri = Addressable::URI.new(:authority => "user@example.com")
+  end
+
+  it "should not infer a port" do
+    expect(@uri.port).to eq(nil)
+    expect(@uri.default_port).to eq(nil)
+    expect(@uri.inferred_port).to eq(nil)
+  end
+
+  it "should have a site value of '//user@example.com'" do
+    expect(@uri.site).to eq("//user@example.com")
+  end
+
+  it "should have a 'null' origin" do
+    expect(@uri.origin).to eq('null')
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when created with a host with trailing dots" do
+  before do
+    @uri = Addressable::URI.new(:authority => "example...")
+  end
+
+  it "should have a stable normalized form" do
+    expect(@uri.normalize.normalize.normalize.host).to eq(
+      @uri.normalize.host
+    )
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when created with a host with a backslash" do
+  it "should raise an error" do
+    expect(lambda do
+      Addressable::URI.new(:authority => "example\\example")
+    end).to raise_error(Addressable::URI::InvalidURIError)
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when created with a host with a slash" do
+  it "should raise an error" do
+    expect(lambda do
+      Addressable::URI.new(:authority => "example/example")
+    end).to raise_error(Addressable::URI::InvalidURIError)
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when created with a host with a space" do
+  it "should raise an error" do
+    expect(lambda do
+      Addressable::URI.new(:authority => "example example")
+    end).to raise_error(Addressable::URI::InvalidURIError)
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when created with both a userinfo and a user" do
+  it "should raise an error" do
+    expect(lambda do
+      Addressable::URI.new(:user => "user", :userinfo => "user:pass")
+    end).to raise_error(ArgumentError)
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when created with a path that hasn't been " +
+    "prefixed with a '/' but a host specified" do
+  before do
+    @uri = Addressable::URI.new(
+      :scheme => "http", :host => "example.com", :path => "path"
+    )
+  end
+
+  it "should prefix a '/' to the path" do
+    expect(@uri).to eq(Addressable::URI.parse("http://example.com/path"))
+  end
+
+  it "should have a site value of 'http://example.com'" do
+    expect(@uri.site).to eq("http://example.com")
+  end
+
+  it "should have an origin of 'http://example.com" do
+    expect(@uri.origin).to eq('http://example.com')
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when created with a path that hasn't been " +
+    "prefixed with a '/' but no host specified" do
+  before do
+    @uri = Addressable::URI.new(
+      :scheme => "http", :path => "path"
+    )
+  end
+
+  it "should not prefix a '/' to the path" do
+    expect(@uri).to eq(Addressable::URI.parse("http:path"))
+  end
+
+  it "should have a site value of 'http:'" do
+    expect(@uri.site).to eq("http:")
+  end
+
+  it "should have a 'null' origin" do
+    expect(@uri.origin).to eq('null')
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when parsed from an Addressable::URI object" do
+  it "should not have unexpected side-effects" do
+    original_uri = Addressable::URI.parse("http://example.com/")
+    new_uri = Addressable::URI.parse(original_uri)
+    new_uri.host = 'www.example.com'
+    expect(new_uri.host).to eq('www.example.com')
+    expect(new_uri.to_s).to eq('http://www.example.com/')
+    expect(original_uri.host).to eq('example.com')
+    expect(original_uri.to_s).to eq('http://example.com/')
+  end
+
+  it "should not have unexpected side-effects" do
+    original_uri = Addressable::URI.parse("http://example.com/")
+    new_uri = Addressable::URI.heuristic_parse(original_uri)
+    new_uri.host = 'www.example.com'
+    expect(new_uri.host).to eq('www.example.com')
+    expect(new_uri.to_s).to eq('http://www.example.com/')
+    expect(original_uri.host).to eq('example.com')
+    expect(original_uri.to_s).to eq('http://example.com/')
+  end
+
+  it "should not have unexpected side-effects" do
+    original_uri = Addressable::URI.parse("http://example.com/")
+    new_uri = Addressable::URI.parse(original_uri)
+    new_uri.origin = 'https://www.example.com:8080'
+    expect(new_uri.host).to eq('www.example.com')
+    expect(new_uri.to_s).to eq('https://www.example.com:8080/')
+    expect(original_uri.host).to eq('example.com')
+    expect(original_uri.to_s).to eq('http://example.com/')
+  end
+
+  it "should not have unexpected side-effects" do
+    original_uri = Addressable::URI.parse("http://example.com/")
+    new_uri = Addressable::URI.heuristic_parse(original_uri)
+    new_uri.origin = 'https://www.example.com:8080'
+    expect(new_uri.host).to eq('www.example.com')
+    expect(new_uri.to_s).to eq('https://www.example.com:8080/')
+    expect(original_uri.host).to eq('example.com')
+    expect(original_uri.to_s).to eq('http://example.com/')
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when parsed from something that looks " +
+    "like a URI object" do
+  it "should parse without error" do
+    uri = Addressable::URI.parse(Fake::URI::HTTP.new("http://example.com/"))
+    expect(lambda do
+      Addressable::URI.parse(uri)
+    end).not_to raise_error
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when parsed from a standard library URI object" do
+  it "should parse without error" do
+    uri = Addressable::URI.parse(URI.parse("http://example.com/"))
+    expect(lambda do
+      Addressable::URI.parse(uri)
+    end).not_to raise_error
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when parsed from ''" do
+  before do
+    @uri = Addressable::URI.parse("")
+  end
+
+  it "should have no scheme" do
+    expect(@uri.scheme).to eq(nil)
+  end
+
+  it "should not be considered to be ip-based" do
+    expect(@uri).not_to be_ip_based
+  end
+
+  it "should have a path of ''" do
+    expect(@uri.path).to eq("")
+  end
+
+  it "should have a request URI of '/'" do
+    expect(@uri.request_uri).to eq("/")
+  end
+
+  it "should be considered relative" do
+    expect(@uri).to be_relative
+  end
+
+  it "should be considered to be in normal form" do
+    expect(@uri.normalize).to be_eql(@uri)
+  end
+
+  it "should have a 'null' origin" do
+    expect(@uri.origin).to eq('null')
+  end
+end
+
+# Section 1.1.2 of RFC 3986
+describe Addressable::URI, "when parsed from " +
+    "'ftp://ftp.is.co.za/rfc/rfc1808.txt'" do
+  before do
+    @uri = Addressable::URI.parse("ftp://ftp.is.co.za/rfc/rfc1808.txt")
+  end
+
+  it "should use the 'ftp' scheme" do
+    expect(@uri.scheme).to eq("ftp")
+  end
+
+  it "should be considered to be ip-based" do
+    expect(@uri).to be_ip_based
+  end
+
+  it "should have a host of 'ftp.is.co.za'" do
+    expect(@uri.host).to eq("ftp.is.co.za")
+  end
+
+  it "should have inferred_port of 21" do
+    expect(@uri.inferred_port).to eq(21)
+  end
+
+  it "should have a path of '/rfc/rfc1808.txt'" do
+    expect(@uri.path).to eq("/rfc/rfc1808.txt")
+  end
+
+  it "should not have a request URI" do
+    expect(@uri.request_uri).to eq(nil)
+  end
+
+  it "should be considered to be in normal form" do
+    expect(@uri.normalize).to be_eql(@uri)
+  end
+
+  it "should have an origin of 'ftp://ftp.is.co.za'" do
+    expect(@uri.origin).to eq('ftp://ftp.is.co.za')
+  end
+end
+
+# Section 1.1.2 of RFC 3986
+describe Addressable::URI, "when parsed from " +
+    "'http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2396.txt'" do
+  before do
+    @uri = Addressable::URI.parse("http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2396.txt")
+  end
+
+  it "should use the 'http' scheme" do
+    expect(@uri.scheme).to eq("http")
+  end
+
+  it "should be considered to be ip-based" do
+    expect(@uri).to be_ip_based
+  end
+
+  it "should have a host of 'www.ietf.org'" do
+    expect(@uri.host).to eq("www.ietf.org")
+  end
+
+  it "should have inferred_port of 80" do
+    expect(@uri.inferred_port).to eq(80)
+  end
+
+  it "should have a path of '/rfc/rfc2396.txt'" do
+    expect(@uri.path).to eq("/rfc/rfc2396.txt")
+  end
+
+  it "should have a request URI of '/rfc/rfc2396.txt'" do
+    expect(@uri.request_uri).to eq("/rfc/rfc2396.txt")
+  end
+
+  it "should be considered to be in normal form" do
+    expect(@uri.normalize).to be_eql(@uri)
+  end
+
+  it "should correctly omit components" do
+    expect(@uri.omit(:scheme).to_s).to eq("//www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2396.txt")
+    expect(@uri.omit(:path).to_s).to eq("http://www.ietf.org")
+  end
+
+  it "should correctly omit components destructively" do
+    @uri.omit!(:scheme)
+    expect(@uri.to_s).to eq("//www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2396.txt")
+  end
+
+  it "should have an origin of 'http://www.ietf.org'" do
+    expect(@uri.origin).to eq('http://www.ietf.org')
+  end
+end
+
+# Section 1.1.2 of RFC 3986
+describe Addressable::URI, "when parsed from " +
+    "'ldap://[2001:db8::7]/c=GB?objectClass?one'" do
+  before do
+    @uri = Addressable::URI.parse("ldap://[2001:db8::7]/c=GB?objectClass?one")
+  end
+
+  it "should use the 'ldap' scheme" do
+    expect(@uri.scheme).to eq("ldap")
+  end
+
+  it "should be considered to be ip-based" do
+    expect(@uri).to be_ip_based
+  end
+
+  it "should have a host of '[2001:db8::7]'" do
+    expect(@uri.host).to eq("[2001:db8::7]")
+  end
+
+  it "should have inferred_port of 389" do
+    expect(@uri.inferred_port).to eq(389)
+  end
+
+  it "should have a path of '/c=GB'" do
+    expect(@uri.path).to eq("/c=GB")
+  end
+
+  it "should not have a request URI" do
+    expect(@uri.request_uri).to eq(nil)
+  end
+
+  it "should not allow request URI assignment" do
+    expect(lambda do
+      @uri.request_uri = "/"
+    end).to raise_error(Addressable::URI::InvalidURIError)
+  end
+
+  it "should have a query of 'objectClass?one'" do
+    expect(@uri.query).to eq("objectClass?one")
+  end
+
+  it "should be considered to be in normal form" do
+    expect(@uri.normalize).to be_eql(@uri)
+  end
+
+  it "should correctly omit components" do
+    expect(@uri.omit(:scheme, :authority).to_s).to eq("/c=GB?objectClass?one")
+    expect(@uri.omit(:path).to_s).to eq("ldap://[2001:db8::7]?objectClass?one")
+  end
+
+  it "should correctly omit components destructively" do
+    @uri.omit!(:scheme, :authority)
+    expect(@uri.to_s).to eq("/c=GB?objectClass?one")
+  end
+
+  it "should raise an error if omission would create an invalid URI" do
+    expect(lambda do
+      @uri.omit(:authority, :path)
+    end).to raise_error(Addressable::URI::InvalidURIError)
+  end
+
+  it "should have an origin of 'ldap://[2001:db8::7]'" do
+    expect(@uri.origin).to eq('ldap://[2001:db8::7]')
+  end
+end
+
+# Section 1.1.2 of RFC 3986
+describe Addressable::URI, "when parsed from " +
+    "'mailto:John.Doe@example.com'" do
+  before do
+    @uri = Addressable::URI.parse("mailto:John.Doe@example.com")
+  end
+
+  it "should use the 'mailto' scheme" do
+    expect(@uri.scheme).to eq("mailto")
+  end
+
+  it "should not be considered to be ip-based" do
+    expect(@uri).not_to be_ip_based
+  end
+
+  it "should not have an inferred_port" do
+    expect(@uri.inferred_port).to eq(nil)
+  end
+
+  it "should have a path of 'John.Doe@example.com'" do
+    expect(@uri.path).to eq("John.Doe@example.com")
+  end
+
+  it "should not have a request URI" do
+    expect(@uri.request_uri).to eq(nil)
+  end
+
+  it "should be considered to be in normal form" do
+    expect(@uri.normalize).to be_eql(@uri)
+  end
+
+  it "should have a 'null' origin" do
+    expect(@uri.origin).to eq('null')
+  end
+end
+
+# Section 2 of RFC 6068
+describe Addressable::URI, "when parsed from " +
+    "'mailto:?to=addr1@an.example,addr2@an.example'" do
+  before do
+    @uri = Addressable::URI.parse(
+      "mailto:?to=addr1@an.example,addr2@an.example"
+    )
+  end
+
+  it "should use the 'mailto' scheme" do
+    expect(@uri.scheme).to eq("mailto")
+  end
+
+  it "should not be considered to be ip-based" do
+    expect(@uri).not_to be_ip_based
+  end
+
+  it "should not have an inferred_port" do
+    expect(@uri.inferred_port).to eq(nil)
+  end
+
+  it "should have a path of ''" do
+    expect(@uri.path).to eq("")
+  end
+
+  it "should not have a request URI" do
+    expect(@uri.request_uri).to eq(nil)
+  end
+
+  it "should have the To: field value parameterized" do
+    expect(@uri.query_values(Hash)["to"]).to eq(
+      "addr1@an.example,addr2@an.example"
+    )
+  end
+
+  it "should be considered to be in normal form" do
+    expect(@uri.normalize).to be_eql(@uri)
+  end
+
+  it "should have a 'null' origin" do
+    expect(@uri.origin).to eq('null')
+  end
+end
+
+# Section 1.1.2 of RFC 3986
+describe Addressable::URI, "when parsed from " +
+    "'news:comp.infosystems.www.servers.unix'" do
+  before do
+    @uri = Addressable::URI.parse("news:comp.infosystems.www.servers.unix")
+  end
+
+  it "should use the 'news' scheme" do
+    expect(@uri.scheme).to eq("news")
+  end
+
+  it "should not have an inferred_port" do
+    expect(@uri.inferred_port).to eq(nil)
+  end
+
+  it "should not be considered to be ip-based" do
+    expect(@uri).not_to be_ip_based
+  end
+
+  it "should have a path of 'comp.infosystems.www.servers.unix'" do
+    expect(@uri.path).to eq("comp.infosystems.www.servers.unix")
+  end
+
+  it "should not have a request URI" do
+    expect(@uri.request_uri).to eq(nil)
+  end
+
+  it "should be considered to be in normal form" do
+    expect(@uri.normalize).to be_eql(@uri)
+  end
+
+  it "should have a 'null' origin" do
+    expect(@uri.origin).to eq('null')
+  end
+end
+
+# Section 1.1.2 of RFC 3986
+describe Addressable::URI, "when parsed from " +
+    "'tel:+1-816-555-1212'" do
+  before do
+    @uri = Addressable::URI.parse("tel:+1-816-555-1212")
+  end
+
+  it "should use the 'tel' scheme" do
+    expect(@uri.scheme).to eq("tel")
+  end
+
+  it "should not be considered to be ip-based" do
+    expect(@uri).not_to be_ip_based
+  end
+
+  it "should not have an inferred_port" do
+    expect(@uri.inferred_port).to eq(nil)
+  end
+
+  it "should have a path of '+1-816-555-1212'" do
+    expect(@uri.path).to eq("+1-816-555-1212")
+  end
+
+  it "should not have a request URI" do
+    expect(@uri.request_uri).to eq(nil)
+  end
+
+  it "should be considered to be in normal form" do
+    expect(@uri.normalize).to be_eql(@uri)
+  end
+
+  it "should have a 'null' origin" do
+    expect(@uri.origin).to eq('null')
+  end
+end
+
+# Section 1.1.2 of RFC 3986
+describe Addressable::URI, "when parsed from " +
+    "'telnet://192.0.2.16:80/'" do
+  before do
+    @uri = Addressable::URI.parse("telnet://192.0.2.16:80/")
+  end
+
+  it "should use the 'telnet' scheme" do
+    expect(@uri.scheme).to eq("telnet")
+  end
+
+  it "should have a host of '192.0.2.16'" do
+    expect(@uri.host).to eq("192.0.2.16")
+  end
+
+  it "should have a port of 80" do
+    expect(@uri.port).to eq(80)
+  end
+
+  it "should have a inferred_port of 80" do
+    expect(@uri.inferred_port).to eq(80)
+  end
+
+  it "should have a default_port of 23" do
+    expect(@uri.default_port).to eq(23)
+  end
+
+  it "should be considered to be ip-based" do
+    expect(@uri).to be_ip_based
+  end
+
+  it "should have a path of '/'" do
+    expect(@uri.path).to eq("/")
+  end
+
+  it "should not have a request URI" do
+    expect(@uri.request_uri).to eq(nil)
+  end
+
+  it "should be considered to be in normal form" do
+    expect(@uri.normalize).to be_eql(@uri)
+  end
+
+  it "should have an origin of 'telnet://192.0.2.16:80'" do
+    expect(@uri.origin).to eq('telnet://192.0.2.16:80')
+  end
+end
+
+# Section 1.1.2 of RFC 3986
+describe Addressable::URI, "when parsed from " +
+    "'urn:oasis:names:specification:docbook:dtd:xml:4.1.2'" do
+  before do
+    @uri = Addressable::URI.parse(
+      "urn:oasis:names:specification:docbook:dtd:xml:4.1.2")
+  end
+
+  it "should use the 'urn' scheme" do
+    expect(@uri.scheme).to eq("urn")
+  end
+
+  it "should not have an inferred_port" do
+    expect(@uri.inferred_port).to eq(nil)
+  end
+
+  it "should not be considered to be ip-based" do
+    expect(@uri).not_to be_ip_based
+  end
+
+  it "should have a path of " +
+      "'oasis:names:specification:docbook:dtd:xml:4.1.2'" do
+    expect(@uri.path).to eq("oasis:names:specification:docbook:dtd:xml:4.1.2")
+  end
+
+  it "should not have a request URI" do
+    expect(@uri.request_uri).to eq(nil)
+  end
+
+  it "should be considered to be in normal form" do
+    expect(@uri.normalize).to be_eql(@uri)
+  end
+
+  it "should have a 'null' origin" do
+    expect(@uri.origin).to eq('null')
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when heuristically parsed from " +
+    "'192.0.2.16:8000/path'" do
+  before do
+    @uri = Addressable::URI.heuristic_parse("192.0.2.16:8000/path")
+  end
+
+  it "should use the 'http' scheme" do
+    expect(@uri.scheme).to eq("http")
+  end
+
+  it "should have a host of '192.0.2.16'" do
+    expect(@uri.host).to eq("192.0.2.16")
+  end
+
+  it "should have a port of '8000'" do
+    expect(@uri.port).to eq(8000)
+  end
+
+  it "should be considered to be ip-based" do
+    expect(@uri).to be_ip_based
+  end
+
+  it "should have a path of '/path'" do
+    expect(@uri.path).to eq("/path")
+  end
+
+  it "should be considered to be in normal form" do
+    expect(@uri.normalize).to be_eql(@uri)
+  end
+
+  it "should have an origin of 'http://192.0.2.16:8000'" do
+    expect(@uri.origin).to eq('http://192.0.2.16:8000')
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when parsed from " +
+    "'http://example.com'" do
+  before do
+    @uri = Addressable::URI.parse("http://example.com")
+  end
+
+  it "when inspected, should have the correct URI" do
+    expect(@uri.inspect).to include("http://example.com")
+  end
+
+  it "when inspected, should have the correct class name" do
+    expect(@uri.inspect).to include("Addressable::URI")
+  end
+
+  it "when inspected, should have the correct object id" do
+    expect(@uri.inspect).to include("%#0x" % @uri.object_id)
+  end
+
+  it "should use the 'http' scheme" do
+    expect(@uri.scheme).to eq("http")
+  end
+
+  it "should be considered to be ip-based" do
+    expect(@uri).to be_ip_based
+  end
+
+  it "should have an authority segment of 'example.com'" do
+    expect(@uri.authority).to eq("example.com")
+  end
+
+  it "should have a host of 'example.com'" do
+    expect(@uri.host).to eq("example.com")
+  end
+
+  it "should be considered ip-based" do
+    expect(@uri).to be_ip_based
+  end
+
+  it "should have no username" do
+    expect(@uri.user).to eq(nil)
+  end
+
+  it "should have no password" do
+    expect(@uri.password).to eq(nil)
+  end
+
+  it "should use port 80" do
+    expect(@uri.inferred_port).to eq(80)
+  end
+
+  it "should not have a specified port" do
+    expect(@uri.port).to eq(nil)
+  end
+
+  it "should have an empty path" do
+    expect(@uri.path).to eq("")
+  end
+
+  it "should have no query string" do
+    expect(@uri.query).to eq(nil)
+    expect(@uri.query_values).to eq(nil)
+  end
+
+  it "should have a request URI of '/'" do
+    expect(@uri.request_uri).to eq("/")
+  end
+
+  it "should have no fragment" do
+    expect(@uri.fragment).to eq(nil)
+  end
+
+  it "should be considered absolute" do
+    expect(@uri).to be_absolute
+  end
+
+  it "should not be considered relative" do
+    expect(@uri).not_to be_relative
+  end
+
+  it "should not be exactly equal to 42" do
+    expect(@uri.eql?(42)).to eq(false)
+  end
+
+  it "should not be equal to 42" do
+    expect(@uri == 42).to eq(false)
+  end
+
+  it "should not be roughly equal to 42" do
+    expect(@uri === 42).to eq(false)
+  end
+
+  it "should be exactly equal to http://example.com" do
+    expect(@uri.eql?(Addressable::URI.parse("http://example.com"))).to eq(true)
+  end
+
+  it "should be roughly equal to http://example.com/" do
+    expect(@uri === Addressable::URI.parse("http://example.com/")).to eq(true)
+  end
+
+  it "should be roughly equal to the string 'http://example.com/'" do
+    expect(@uri === "http://example.com/").to eq(true)
+  end
+
+  it "should not be roughly equal to the string " +
+      "'http://example.com:bogus/'" do
+    expect(lambda do
+      expect(@uri === "http://example.com:bogus/").to eq(false)
+    end).not_to raise_error
+  end
+
+  it "should result in itself when joined with itself" do
+    expect(@uri.join(@uri).to_s).to eq("http://example.com")
+    expect(@uri.join!(@uri).to_s).to eq("http://example.com")
+  end
+
+  it "should be equivalent to http://EXAMPLE.com" do
+    expect(@uri).to eq(Addressable::URI.parse("http://EXAMPLE.com"))
+  end
+
+  it "should be equivalent to http://EXAMPLE.com:80/" do
+    expect(@uri).to eq(Addressable::URI.parse("http://EXAMPLE.com:80/"))
+  end
+
+  it "should have the same hash as http://example.com" do
+    expect(@uri.hash).to eq(Addressable::URI.parse("http://example.com").hash)
+  end
+
+  it "should have the same hash as http://EXAMPLE.com after assignment" do
+    @uri.origin = "http://EXAMPLE.com"
+    expect(@uri.hash).to eq(Addressable::URI.parse("http://EXAMPLE.com").hash)
+  end
+
+  it "should have a different hash from http://EXAMPLE.com" do
+    expect(@uri.hash).not_to eq(Addressable::URI.parse("http://EXAMPLE.com").hash)
+  end
+
+  it "should not allow origin assignment without scheme" do
+    expect(lambda do
+      @uri.origin = "example.com"
+    end).to raise_error(Addressable::URI::InvalidURIError)
+  end
+
+  it "should not allow origin assignment without host" do
+    expect(lambda do
+      @uri.origin = "http://"
+    end).to raise_error(Addressable::URI::InvalidURIError)
+  end
+
+  it "should not allow origin assignment with bogus type" do
+    expect(lambda do
+      @uri.origin = :bogus
+    end).to raise_error(TypeError)
+  end
+
+  # Section 6.2.3 of RFC 3986
+  it "should be equivalent to http://example.com/" do
+    expect(@uri).to eq(Addressable::URI.parse("http://example.com/"))
+  end
+
+  # Section 6.2.3 of RFC 3986
+  it "should be equivalent to http://example.com:/" do
+    expect(@uri).to eq(Addressable::URI.parse("http://example.com:/"))
+  end
+
+  # Section 6.2.3 of RFC 3986
+  it "should be equivalent to http://example.com:80/" do
+    expect(@uri).to eq(Addressable::URI.parse("http://example.com:80/"))
+  end
+
+  # Section 6.2.2.1 of RFC 3986
+  it "should be equivalent to http://EXAMPLE.COM/" do
+    expect(@uri).to eq(Addressable::URI.parse("http://EXAMPLE.COM/"))
+  end
+
+  it "should have a route of '/path/' to 'http://example.com/path/'" do
+    expect(@uri.route_to("http://example.com/path/")).to eq(
+      Addressable::URI.parse("/path/")
+    )
+  end
+
+  it "should have a route of '..' from 'http://example.com/path/'" do
+    expect(@uri.route_from("http://example.com/path/")).to eq(
+      Addressable::URI.parse("..")
+    )
+  end
+
+  it "should have a route of '#' to 'http://example.com/'" do
+    expect(@uri.route_to("http://example.com/")).to eq(
+      Addressable::URI.parse("#")
+    )
+  end
+
+  it "should have a route of 'http://elsewhere.com/' to " +
+      "'http://elsewhere.com/'" do
+    expect(@uri.route_to("http://elsewhere.com/")).to eq(
+      Addressable::URI.parse("http://elsewhere.com/")
+    )
+  end
+
+  it "when joined with 'relative/path' should be " +
+      "'http://example.com/relative/path'" do
+    expect(@uri.join('relative/path')).to eq(
+      Addressable::URI.parse("http://example.com/relative/path")
+    )
+  end
+
+  it "when joined with a bogus object a TypeError should be raised" do
+    expect(lambda do
+      @uri.join(42)
+    end).to raise_error(TypeError)
+  end
+
+  it "should have the correct username after assignment" do
+    @uri.user = "newuser"
+    expect(@uri.user).to eq("newuser")
+    expect(@uri.password).to eq(nil)
+    expect(@uri.to_s).to eq("http://newuser@example.com")
+  end
+
+  it "should have the correct username after assignment" do
+    @uri.user = "user@123!"
+    expect(@uri.user).to eq("user@123!")
+    expect(@uri.normalized_user).to eq("user%40123%21")
+    expect(@uri.password).to eq(nil)
+    expect(@uri.normalize.to_s).to eq("http://user%40123%21@example.com/")
+  end
+
+  it "should have the correct password after assignment" do
+    @uri.password = "newpass"
+    expect(@uri.password).to eq("newpass")
+    expect(@uri.user).to eq("")
+    expect(@uri.to_s).to eq("http://:newpass@example.com")
+  end
+
+  it "should have the correct password after assignment" do
+    @uri.password = "#secret@123!"
+    expect(@uri.password).to eq("#secret@123!")
+    expect(@uri.normalized_password).to eq("%23secret%40123%21")
+    expect(@uri.user).to eq("")
+    expect(@uri.normalize.to_s).to eq("http://:%23secret%40123%21@example.com/")
+    expect(@uri.omit(:password).to_s).to eq("http://example.com")
+  end
+
+  it "should have the correct user/pass after repeated assignment" do
+    @uri.user = nil
+    expect(@uri.user).to eq(nil)
+    @uri.password = "newpass"
+    expect(@uri.password).to eq("newpass")
+    # Username cannot be nil if the password is set
+    expect(@uri.user).to eq("")
+    expect(@uri.to_s).to eq("http://:newpass@example.com")
+    @uri.user = "newuser"
+    expect(@uri.user).to eq("newuser")
+    @uri.password = nil
+    expect(@uri.password).to eq(nil)
+    expect(@uri.to_s).to eq("http://newuser@example.com")
+    @uri.user = "newuser"
+    expect(@uri.user).to eq("newuser")
+    @uri.password = ""
+    expect(@uri.password).to eq("")
+    expect(@uri.to_s).to eq("http://newuser:@example.com")
+    @uri.password = "newpass"
+    expect(@uri.password).to eq("newpass")
+    @uri.user = nil
+    # Username cannot be nil if the password is set
+    expect(@uri.user).to eq("")
+    expect(@uri.to_s).to eq("http://:newpass@example.com")
+  end
+
+  it "should have the correct user/pass after userinfo assignment" do
+    @uri.user = "newuser"
+    expect(@uri.user).to eq("newuser")
+    @uri.password = "newpass"
+    expect(@uri.password).to eq("newpass")
+    @uri.userinfo = nil
+    expect(@uri.userinfo).to eq(nil)
+    expect(@uri.user).to eq(nil)
+    expect(@uri.password).to eq(nil)
+  end
+
+  it "should correctly convert to a hash" do
+    expect(@uri.to_hash).to eq({
+      :scheme => "http",
+      :user => nil,
+      :password => nil,
+      :host => "example.com",
+      :port => nil,
+      :path => "",
+      :query => nil,
+      :fragment => nil
+    })
+  end
+
+  it "should be identical to its duplicate" do
+    expect(@uri).to eq(@uri.dup)
+  end
+
+  it "should have an origin of 'http://example.com'" do
+    expect(@uri.origin).to eq('http://example.com')
+  end
+end
+
+# Section 5.1.2 of RFC 2616
+describe Addressable::URI, "when parsed from " +
+    "'HTTP://www.w3.org/pub/WWW/TheProject.html'" do
+  before do
+    @uri = Addressable::URI.parse("HTTP://www.w3.org/pub/WWW/TheProject.html")
+  end
+
+  it "should have the correct request URI" do
+    expect(@uri.request_uri).to eq("/pub/WWW/TheProject.html")
+  end
+
+  it "should have the correct request URI after assignment" do
+    @uri.request_uri = "/some/where/else.html?query?string"
+    expect(@uri.request_uri).to eq("/some/where/else.html?query?string")
+    expect(@uri.path).to eq("/some/where/else.html")
+    expect(@uri.query).to eq("query?string")
+  end
+
+  it "should have the correct request URI after assignment" do
+    @uri.request_uri = "?x=y"
+    expect(@uri.request_uri).to eq("/?x=y")
+    expect(@uri.path).to eq("/")
+    expect(@uri.query).to eq("x=y")
+  end
+
+  it "should raise an error if the site value is set to something bogus" do
+    expect(lambda do
+      @uri.site = 42
+    end).to raise_error(TypeError)
+  end
+
+  it "should raise an error if the request URI is set to something bogus" do
+    expect(lambda do
+      @uri.request_uri = 42
+    end).to raise_error(TypeError)
+  end
+
+  it "should correctly convert to a hash" do
+    expect(@uri.to_hash).to eq({
+      :scheme => "HTTP",
+      :user => nil,
+      :password => nil,
+      :host => "www.w3.org",
+      :port => nil,
+      :path => "/pub/WWW/TheProject.html",
+      :query => nil,
+      :fragment => nil
+    })
+  end
+
+  it "should have an origin of 'http://www.w3.org'" do
+    expect(@uri.origin).to eq('http://www.w3.org')
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when parsing IPv6 addresses" do
+  it "should not raise an error for " +
+      "'http://[3ffe:1900:4545:3:200:f8ff:fe21:67cf]/'" do
+    Addressable::URI.parse("http://[3ffe:1900:4545:3:200:f8ff:fe21:67cf]/")
+  end
+
+  it "should not raise an error for " +
+      "'http://[fe80:0:0:0:200:f8ff:fe21:67cf]/'" do
+    Addressable::URI.parse("http://[fe80:0:0:0:200:f8ff:fe21:67cf]/")
+  end
+
+  it "should not raise an error for " +
+      "'http://[fe80::200:f8ff:fe21:67cf]/'" do
+    Addressable::URI.parse("http://[fe80::200:f8ff:fe21:67cf]/")
+  end
+
+  it "should not raise an error for " +
+      "'http://[::1]/'" do
+    Addressable::URI.parse("http://[::1]/")
+  end
+
+  it "should not raise an error for " +
+      "'http://[fe80::1]/'" do
+    Addressable::URI.parse("http://[fe80::1]/")
+  end
+
+  it "should raise an error for " +
+      "'http://[<invalid>]/'" do
+    expect(lambda do
+      Addressable::URI.parse("http://[<invalid>]/")
+    end).to raise_error(Addressable::URI::InvalidURIError)
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when parsing IPv6 address" do
+  subject { Addressable::URI.parse("http://[3ffe:1900:4545:3:200:f8ff:fe21:67cf]/") }
+  its(:host) { should == '[3ffe:1900:4545:3:200:f8ff:fe21:67cf]' }
+  its(:hostname) { should == '3ffe:1900:4545:3:200:f8ff:fe21:67cf' }
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when assigning IPv6 address" do
+  it "should allow to set bare IPv6 address as hostname" do
+    uri = Addressable::URI.parse("http://[::1]/")
+    uri.hostname = '3ffe:1900:4545:3:200:f8ff:fe21:67cf'
+    expect(uri.to_s).to eq('http://[3ffe:1900:4545:3:200:f8ff:fe21:67cf]/')
+  end
+
+  it "should allow to set bare IPv6 address as hostname with IPAddr object" do
+    uri = Addressable::URI.parse("http://[::1]/")
+    uri.hostname = IPAddr.new('3ffe:1900:4545:3:200:f8ff:fe21:67cf')
+    expect(uri.to_s).to eq('http://[3ffe:1900:4545:3:200:f8ff:fe21:67cf]/')
+  end
+
+  it "should not allow to set bare IPv6 address as host" do
+    uri = Addressable::URI.parse("http://[::1]/")
+    skip "not checked"
+    expect(lambda do
+      uri.host = '3ffe:1900:4545:3:200:f8ff:fe21:67cf'
+    end).to raise_error(Addressable::URI::InvalidURIError)
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when parsing IPvFuture addresses" do
+  it "should not raise an error for " +
+      "'http://[v9.3ffe:1900:4545:3:200:f8ff:fe21:67cf]/'" do
+    Addressable::URI.parse("http://[v9.3ffe:1900:4545:3:200:f8ff:fe21:67cf]/")
+  end
+
+  it "should not raise an error for " +
+      "'http://[vff.fe80:0:0:0:200:f8ff:fe21:67cf]/'" do
+    Addressable::URI.parse("http://[vff.fe80:0:0:0:200:f8ff:fe21:67cf]/")
+  end
+
+  it "should not raise an error for " +
+      "'http://[v12.fe80::200:f8ff:fe21:67cf]/'" do
+    Addressable::URI.parse("http://[v12.fe80::200:f8ff:fe21:67cf]/")
+  end
+
+  it "should not raise an error for " +
+      "'http://[va0.::1]/'" do
+    Addressable::URI.parse("http://[va0.::1]/")
+  end
+
+  it "should not raise an error for " +
+      "'http://[v255.fe80::1]/'" do
+    Addressable::URI.parse("http://[v255.fe80::1]/")
+  end
+
+  it "should raise an error for " +
+      "'http://[v0.<invalid>]/'" do
+    expect(lambda do
+      Addressable::URI.parse("http://[v0.<invalid>]/")
+    end).to raise_error(Addressable::URI::InvalidURIError)
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when parsed from " +
+    "'http://example.com/'" do
+  before do
+    @uri = Addressable::URI.parse("http://example.com/")
+  end
+
+  # Based on http://intertwingly.net/blog/2004/07/31/URI-Equivalence
+  it "should be equivalent to http://example.com" do
+    expect(@uri).to eq(Addressable::URI.parse("http://example.com"))
+  end
+
+  # Based on http://intertwingly.net/blog/2004/07/31/URI-Equivalence
+  it "should be equivalent to HTTP://example.com/" do
+    expect(@uri).to eq(Addressable::URI.parse("HTTP://example.com/"))
+  end
+
+  # Based on http://intertwingly.net/blog/2004/07/31/URI-Equivalence
+  it "should be equivalent to http://example.com:/" do
+    expect(@uri).to eq(Addressable::URI.parse("http://example.com:/"))
+  end
+
+  # Based on http://intertwingly.net/blog/2004/07/31/URI-Equivalence
+  it "should be equivalent to http://example.com:80/" do
+    expect(@uri).to eq(Addressable::URI.parse("http://example.com:80/"))
+  end
+
+  # Based on http://intertwingly.net/blog/2004/07/31/URI-Equivalence
+  it "should be equivalent to http://Example.com/" do
+    expect(@uri).to eq(Addressable::URI.parse("http://Example.com/"))
+  end
+
+  it "should have the correct username after assignment" do
+    @uri.user = nil
+    expect(@uri.user).to eq(nil)
+    expect(@uri.password).to eq(nil)
+    expect(@uri.to_s).to eq("http://example.com/")
+  end
+
+  it "should have the correct password after assignment" do
+    @uri.password = nil
+    expect(@uri.password).to eq(nil)
+    expect(@uri.user).to eq(nil)
+    expect(@uri.to_s).to eq("http://example.com/")
+  end
+
+  it "should have a request URI of '/'" do
+    expect(@uri.request_uri).to eq("/")
+  end
+
+  it "should correctly convert to a hash" do
+    expect(@uri.to_hash).to eq({
+      :scheme => "http",
+      :user => nil,
+      :password => nil,
+      :host => "example.com",
+      :port => nil,
+      :path => "/",
+      :query => nil,
+      :fragment => nil
+    })
+  end
+
+  it "should be identical to its duplicate" do
+    expect(@uri).to eq(@uri.dup)
+  end
+
+  it "should have the same hash as its duplicate" do
+    expect(@uri.hash).to eq(@uri.dup.hash)
+  end
+
+  it "should have a different hash from its equivalent String value" do
+    expect(@uri.hash).not_to eq(@uri.to_s.hash)
+  end
+
+  it "should have the same hash as an equal URI" do
+    expect(@uri.hash).to eq(Addressable::URI.parse("http://example.com/").hash)
+  end
+
+  it "should be equivalent to http://EXAMPLE.com" do
+    expect(@uri).to eq(Addressable::URI.parse("http://EXAMPLE.com"))
+  end
+
+  it "should be equivalent to http://EXAMPLE.com:80/" do
+    expect(@uri).to eq(Addressable::URI.parse("http://EXAMPLE.com:80/"))
+  end
+
+  it "should have the same hash as http://example.com/" do
+    expect(@uri.hash).to eq(Addressable::URI.parse("http://example.com/").hash)
+  end
+
+  it "should have the same hash as http://example.com after assignment" do
+    @uri.path = ""
+    expect(@uri.hash).to eq(Addressable::URI.parse("http://example.com").hash)
+  end
+
+  it "should have the same hash as http://example.com/? after assignment" do
+    @uri.query = ""
+    expect(@uri.hash).to eq(Addressable::URI.parse("http://example.com/?").hash)
+  end
+
+  it "should have the same hash as http://example.com/? after assignment" do
+    @uri.query_values = {}
+    expect(@uri.hash).to eq(Addressable::URI.parse("http://example.com/?").hash)
+  end
+
+  it "should have the same hash as http://example.com/# after assignment" do
+    @uri.fragment = ""
+    expect(@uri.hash).to eq(Addressable::URI.parse("http://example.com/#").hash)
+  end
+
+  it "should have a different hash from http://example.com" do
+    expect(@uri.hash).not_to eq(Addressable::URI.parse("http://example.com").hash)
+  end
+
+  it "should have an origin of 'http://example.com'" do
+    expect(@uri.origin).to eq('http://example.com')
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when parsed from " +
+    "'http://example.com?#'" do
+  before do
+    @uri = Addressable::URI.parse("http://example.com?#")
+  end
+
+  it "should correctly convert to a hash" do
+    expect(@uri.to_hash).to eq({
+      :scheme => "http",
+      :user => nil,
+      :password => nil,
+      :host => "example.com",
+      :port => nil,
+      :path => "",
+      :query => "",
+      :fragment => ""
+    })
+  end
+
+  it "should have a request URI of '/?'" do
+    expect(@uri.request_uri).to eq("/?")
+  end
+
+  it "should normalize to 'http://example.com/'" do
+    expect(@uri.normalize.to_s).to eq("http://example.com/")
+  end
+
+  it "should have an origin of 'http://example.com'" do
+    expect(@uri.origin).to eq("http://example.com")
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when parsed from " +
+    "'http://@example.com/'" do
+  before do
+    @uri = Addressable::URI.parse("http://@example.com/")
+  end
+
+  it "should be equivalent to http://example.com" do
+    expect(@uri).to eq(Addressable::URI.parse("http://example.com"))
+  end
+
+  it "should correctly convert to a hash" do
+    expect(@uri.to_hash).to eq({
+      :scheme => "http",
+      :user => "",
+      :password => nil,
+      :host => "example.com",
+      :port => nil,
+      :path => "/",
+      :query => nil,
+      :fragment => nil
+    })
+  end
+
+  it "should be identical to its duplicate" do
+    expect(@uri).to eq(@uri.dup)
+  end
+
+  it "should have an origin of 'http://example.com'" do
+    expect(@uri.origin).to eq('http://example.com')
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when parsed from " +
+    "'http://example.com./'" do
+  before do
+    @uri = Addressable::URI.parse("http://example.com./")
+  end
+
+  it "should be equivalent to http://example.com" do
+    expect(@uri).to eq(Addressable::URI.parse("http://example.com"))
+  end
+
+  it "should not be considered to be in normal form" do
+    expect(@uri.normalize).not_to be_eql(@uri)
+  end
+
+  it "should be identical to its duplicate" do
+    expect(@uri).to eq(@uri.dup)
+  end
+
+  it "should have an origin of 'http://example.com'" do
+    expect(@uri.origin).to eq('http://example.com')
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when parsed from " +
+    "'http://:@example.com/'" do
+  before do
+    @uri = Addressable::URI.parse("http://:@example.com/")
+  end
+
+  it "should be equivalent to http://example.com" do
+    expect(@uri).to eq(Addressable::URI.parse("http://example.com"))
+  end
+
+  it "should correctly convert to a hash" do
+    expect(@uri.to_hash).to eq({
+      :scheme => "http",
+      :user => "",
+      :password => "",
+      :host => "example.com",
+      :port => nil,
+      :path => "/",
+      :query => nil,
+      :fragment => nil
+    })
+  end
+
+  it "should be identical to its duplicate" do
+    expect(@uri).to eq(@uri.dup)
+  end
+
+  it "should have an origin of 'http://example.com'" do
+    expect(@uri.origin).to eq('http://example.com')
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when parsed from " +
+    "'HTTP://EXAMPLE.COM/'" do
+  before do
+    @uri = Addressable::URI.parse("HTTP://EXAMPLE.COM/")
+  end
+
+  it "should be equivalent to http://example.com" do
+    expect(@uri).to eq(Addressable::URI.parse("http://example.com"))
+  end
+
+  it "should correctly convert to a hash" do
+    expect(@uri.to_hash).to eq({
+      :scheme => "HTTP",
+      :user => nil,
+      :password => nil,
+      :host => "EXAMPLE.COM",
+      :port => nil,
+      :path => "/",
+      :query => nil,
+      :fragment => nil
+    })
+  end
+
+  it "should be identical to its duplicate" do
+    expect(@uri).to eq(@uri.dup)
+  end
+
+  it "should have an origin of 'http://example.com'" do
+    expect(@uri.origin).to eq('http://example.com')
+  end
+
+  it "should have a tld of 'com'" do
+    expect(@uri.tld).to eq('com')
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when parsed from " +
+    "'http://www.example.co.uk/'" do
+  before do
+    @uri = Addressable::URI.parse("http://www.example.co.uk/")
+  end
+
+  it "should have an origin of 'http://www.example.co.uk'" do
+    expect(@uri.origin).to eq('http://www.example.co.uk')
+  end
+
+  it "should have a tld of 'co.uk'" do
+    expect(@uri.tld).to eq('co.uk')
+  end
+
+  it "should have a domain of 'example.co.uk'" do
+    expect(@uri.domain).to eq('example.co.uk')
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when parsed from " +
+    "'http://sub_domain.blogspot.com/'" do
+  before do
+    @uri = Addressable::URI.parse("http://sub_domain.blogspot.com/")
+  end
+
+  it "should have an origin of 'http://sub_domain.blogspot.com'" do
+    expect(@uri.origin).to eq('http://sub_domain.blogspot.com')
+  end
+
+  it "should have a tld of 'com'" do
+    expect(@uri.tld).to eq('com')
+  end
+
+  it "should have a domain of 'blogspot.com'" do
+    expect(@uri.domain).to eq('blogspot.com')
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when parsed from " +
+    "'http://example.com/~smith/'" do
+  before do
+    @uri = Addressable::URI.parse("http://example.com/~smith/")
+  end
+
+  # Based on http://intertwingly.net/blog/2004/07/31/URI-Equivalence
+  it "should be equivalent to http://example.com/%7Esmith/" do
+    expect(@uri).to eq(Addressable::URI.parse("http://example.com/%7Esmith/"))
+  end
+
+  # Based on http://intertwingly.net/blog/2004/07/31/URI-Equivalence
+  it "should be equivalent to http://example.com/%7esmith/" do
+    expect(@uri).to eq(Addressable::URI.parse("http://example.com/%7esmith/"))
+  end
+
+  it "should be identical to its duplicate" do
+    expect(@uri).to eq(@uri.dup)
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when parsed from " +
+    "'http://example.com/%E8'" do
+  before do
+    @uri = Addressable::URI.parse("http://example.com/%E8")
+  end
+
+  it "should not raise an exception when normalized" do
+    expect(lambda do
+      @uri.normalize
+    end).not_to raise_error
+  end
+
+  it "should be considered to be in normal form" do
+    expect(@uri.normalize).to be_eql(@uri)
+  end
+
+  it "should not change if encoded with the normalizing algorithm" do
+    expect(Addressable::URI.normalized_encode(@uri).to_s).to eq(
+      "http://example.com/%E8"
+    )
+    expect(Addressable::URI.normalized_encode(@uri, Addressable::URI).to_s).to be ===
+      "http://example.com/%E8"
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when parsed from " +
+    "'http://example.com/path%2Fsegment/'" do
+  before do
+    @uri = Addressable::URI.parse("http://example.com/path%2Fsegment/")
+  end
+
+  it "should be considered to be in normal form" do
+    expect(@uri.normalize).to be_eql(@uri)
+  end
+
+  it "should be equal to 'http://example.com/path%2Fsegment/'" do
+    expect(@uri.normalize).to be_eql(
+      Addressable::URI.parse("http://example.com/path%2Fsegment/")
+    )
+  end
+
+  it "should not be equal to 'http://example.com/path/segment/'" do
+    expect(@uri).not_to eq(
+      Addressable::URI.parse("http://example.com/path/segment/")
+    )
+  end
+
+  it "should not be equal to 'http://example.com/path/segment/'" do
+    expect(@uri.normalize).not_to be_eql(
+      Addressable::URI.parse("http://example.com/path/segment/")
+    )
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when parsed from " +
+    "'http://example.com/?%F6'" do
+  before do
+    @uri = Addressable::URI.parse("http://example.com/?%F6")
+  end
+
+  it "should not raise an exception when normalized" do
+    expect(lambda do
+      @uri.normalize
+    end).not_to raise_error
+  end
+
+  it "should be considered to be in normal form" do
+    expect(@uri.normalize).to be_eql(@uri)
+  end
+
+  it "should not change if encoded with the normalizing algorithm" do
+    expect(Addressable::URI.normalized_encode(@uri).to_s).to eq(
+      "http://example.com/?%F6"
+    )
+    expect(Addressable::URI.normalized_encode(@uri, Addressable::URI).to_s).to be ===
+      "http://example.com/?%F6"
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when parsed from " +
+    "'http://example.com/#%F6'" do
+  before do
+    @uri = Addressable::URI.parse("http://example.com/#%F6")
+  end
+
+  it "should not raise an exception when normalized" do
+    expect(lambda do
+      @uri.normalize
+    end).not_to raise_error
+  end
+
+  it "should be considered to be in normal form" do
+    expect(@uri.normalize).to be_eql(@uri)
+  end
+
+  it "should not change if encoded with the normalizing algorithm" do
+    expect(Addressable::URI.normalized_encode(@uri).to_s).to eq(
+      "http://example.com/#%F6"
+    )
+    expect(Addressable::URI.normalized_encode(@uri, Addressable::URI).to_s).to be ===
+      "http://example.com/#%F6"
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when parsed from " +
+    "'http://example.com/%C3%87'" do
+  before do
+    @uri = Addressable::URI.parse("http://example.com/%C3%87")
+  end
+
+  # Based on http://intertwingly.net/blog/2004/07/31/URI-Equivalence
+  it "should be equivalent to 'http://example.com/C%CC%A7'" do
+    expect(@uri).to eq(Addressable::URI.parse("http://example.com/C%CC%A7"))
+  end
+
+  it "should not change if encoded with the normalizing algorithm" do
+    expect(Addressable::URI.normalized_encode(@uri).to_s).to eq(
+      "http://example.com/%C3%87"
+    )
+    expect(Addressable::URI.normalized_encode(@uri, Addressable::URI).to_s).to be ===
+      "http://example.com/%C3%87"
+  end
+
+  it "should raise an error if encoding with an unexpected return type" do
+    expect(lambda do
+      Addressable::URI.normalized_encode(@uri, Integer)
+    end).to raise_error(TypeError)
+  end
+
+  it "if percent encoded should be 'http://example.com/C%25CC%25A7'" do
+    expect(Addressable::URI.encode(@uri).to_s).to eq(
+      "http://example.com/%25C3%2587"
+    )
+  end
+
+  it "if percent encoded should be 'http://example.com/C%25CC%25A7'" do
+    expect(Addressable::URI.encode(@uri, Addressable::URI)).to eq(
+      Addressable::URI.parse("http://example.com/%25C3%2587")
+    )
+  end
+
+  it "should raise an error if encoding with an unexpected return type" do
+    expect(lambda do
+      Addressable::URI.encode(@uri, Integer)
+    end).to raise_error(TypeError)
+  end
+
+  it "should be identical to its duplicate" do
+    expect(@uri).to eq(@uri.dup)
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when parsed from " +
+    "'http://example.com/?q=string'" do
+  before do
+    @uri = Addressable::URI.parse("http://example.com/?q=string")
+  end
+
+  it "should use the 'http' scheme" do
+    expect(@uri.scheme).to eq("http")
+  end
+
+  it "should have an authority segment of 'example.com'" do
+    expect(@uri.authority).to eq("example.com")
+  end
+
+  it "should have a host of 'example.com'" do
+    expect(@uri.host).to eq("example.com")
+  end
+
+  it "should have no username" do
+    expect(@uri.user).to eq(nil)
+  end
+
+  it "should have no password" do
+    expect(@uri.password).to eq(nil)
+  end
+
+  it "should use port 80" do
+    expect(@uri.inferred_port).to eq(80)
+  end
+
+  it "should have a path of '/'" do
+    expect(@uri.path).to eq("/")
+  end
+
+  it "should have a query string of 'q=string'" do
+    expect(@uri.query).to eq("q=string")
+  end
+
+  it "should have no fragment" do
+    expect(@uri.fragment).to eq(nil)
+  end
+
+  it "should be considered absolute" do
+    expect(@uri).to be_absolute
+  end
+
+  it "should not be considered relative" do
+    expect(@uri).not_to be_relative
+  end
+
+  it "should be considered to be in normal form" do
+    expect(@uri.normalize).to be_eql(@uri)
+  end
+
+  it "should be identical to its duplicate" do
+    expect(@uri).to eq(@uri.dup)
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when parsed from " +
+    "'http://example.com:80/'" do
+  before do
+    @uri = Addressable::URI.parse("http://example.com:80/")
+  end
+
+  it "should use the 'http' scheme" do
+    expect(@uri.scheme).to eq("http")
+  end
+
+  it "should have an authority segment of 'example.com:80'" do
+    expect(@uri.authority).to eq("example.com:80")
+  end
+
+  it "should have a host of 'example.com'" do
+    expect(@uri.host).to eq("example.com")
+  end
+
+  it "should have no username" do
+    expect(@uri.user).to eq(nil)
+  end
+
+  it "should have no password" do
+    expect(@uri.password).to eq(nil)
+  end
+
+  it "should use port 80" do
+    expect(@uri.inferred_port).to eq(80)
+  end
+
+  it "should have explicit port 80" do
+    expect(@uri.port).to eq(80)
+  end
+
+  it "should have a path of '/'" do
+    expect(@uri.path).to eq("/")
+  end
+
+  it "should have no query string" do
+    expect(@uri.query).to eq(nil)
+  end
+
+  it "should have no fragment" do
+    expect(@uri.fragment).to eq(nil)
+  end
+
+  it "should be considered absolute" do
+    expect(@uri).to be_absolute
+  end
+
+  it "should not be considered relative" do
+    expect(@uri).not_to be_relative
+  end
+
+  it "should be exactly equal to http://example.com:80/" do
+    expect(@uri.eql?(Addressable::URI.parse("http://example.com:80/"))).to eq(true)
+  end
+
+  it "should be roughly equal to http://example.com/" do
+    expect(@uri === Addressable::URI.parse("http://example.com/")).to eq(true)
+  end
+
+  it "should be roughly equal to the string 'http://example.com/'" do
+    expect(@uri === "http://example.com/").to eq(true)
+  end
+
+  it "should not be roughly equal to the string " +
+      "'http://example.com:bogus/'" do
+    expect(lambda do
+      expect(@uri === "http://example.com:bogus/").to eq(false)
+    end).not_to raise_error
+  end
+
+  it "should result in itself when joined with itself" do
+    expect(@uri.join(@uri).to_s).to eq("http://example.com:80/")
+    expect(@uri.join!(@uri).to_s).to eq("http://example.com:80/")
+  end
+
+  # Section 6.2.3 of RFC 3986
+  it "should be equal to http://example.com/" do
+    expect(@uri).to eq(Addressable::URI.parse("http://example.com/"))
+  end
+
+  # Section 6.2.3 of RFC 3986
+  it "should be equal to http://example.com:/" do
+    expect(@uri).to eq(Addressable::URI.parse("http://example.com:/"))
+  end
+
+  # Section 6.2.3 of RFC 3986
+  it "should be equal to http://example.com:80/" do
+    expect(@uri).to eq(Addressable::URI.parse("http://example.com:80/"))
+  end
+
+  # Section 6.2.2.1 of RFC 3986
+  it "should be equal to http://EXAMPLE.COM/" do
+    expect(@uri).to eq(Addressable::URI.parse("http://EXAMPLE.COM/"))
+  end
+
+  it "should correctly convert to a hash" do
+    expect(@uri.to_hash).to eq({
+      :scheme => "http",
+      :user => nil,
+      :password => nil,
+      :host => "example.com",
+      :port => 80,
+      :path => "/",
+      :query => nil,
+      :fragment => nil
+    })
+  end
+
+  it "should be identical to its duplicate" do
+    expect(@uri).to eq(@uri.dup)
+  end
+
+  it "should have an origin of 'http://example.com'" do
+    expect(@uri.origin).to eq('http://example.com')
+  end
+
+  it "should not change if encoded with the normalizing algorithm" do
+    expect(Addressable::URI.normalized_encode(@uri).to_s).to eq(
+      "http://example.com:80/"
+    )
+    expect(Addressable::URI.normalized_encode(@uri, Addressable::URI).to_s).to be ===
+      "http://example.com:80/"
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when parsed from " +
+    "'http://example.com:8080/'" do
+  before do
+    @uri = Addressable::URI.parse("http://example.com:8080/")
+  end
+
+  it "should use the 'http' scheme" do
+    expect(@uri.scheme).to eq("http")
+  end
+
+  it "should have an authority segment of 'example.com:8080'" do
+    expect(@uri.authority).to eq("example.com:8080")
+  end
+
+  it "should have a host of 'example.com'" do
+    expect(@uri.host).to eq("example.com")
+  end
+
+  it "should have no username" do
+    expect(@uri.user).to eq(nil)
+  end
+
+  it "should have no password" do
+    expect(@uri.password).to eq(nil)
+  end
+
+  it "should use port 8080" do
+    expect(@uri.inferred_port).to eq(8080)
+  end
+
+  it "should have explicit port 8080" do
+    expect(@uri.port).to eq(8080)
+  end
+
+  it "should have default port 80" do
+    expect(@uri.default_port).to eq(80)
+  end
+
+  it "should have a path of '/'" do
+    expect(@uri.path).to eq("/")
+  end
+
+  it "should have no query string" do
+    expect(@uri.query).to eq(nil)
+  end
+
+  it "should have no fragment" do
+    expect(@uri.fragment).to eq(nil)
+  end
+
+  it "should be considered absolute" do
+    expect(@uri).to be_absolute
+  end
+
+  it "should not be considered relative" do
+    expect(@uri).not_to be_relative
+  end
+
+  it "should be exactly equal to http://example.com:8080/" do
+    expect(@uri.eql?(Addressable::URI.parse(
+      "http://example.com:8080/"))).to eq(true)
+  end
+
+  it "should have a route of 'http://example.com:8080/' from " +
+      "'http://example.com/path/to/'" do
+    expect(@uri.route_from("http://example.com/path/to/")).to eq(
+      Addressable::URI.parse("http://example.com:8080/")
+    )
+  end
+
+  it "should have a route of 'http://example.com:8080/' from " +
+      "'http://example.com:80/path/to/'" do
+    expect(@uri.route_from("http://example.com:80/path/to/")).to eq(
+      Addressable::URI.parse("http://example.com:8080/")
+    )
+  end
+
+  it "should have a route of '../../' from " +
+      "'http://example.com:8080/path/to/'" do
+    expect(@uri.route_from("http://example.com:8080/path/to/")).to eq(
+      Addressable::URI.parse("../../")
+    )
+  end
+
+  it "should have a route of 'http://example.com:8080/' from " +
+      "'http://user:pass@example.com/path/to/'" do
+    expect(@uri.route_from("http://user:pass@example.com/path/to/")).to eq(
+      Addressable::URI.parse("http://example.com:8080/")
+    )
+  end
+
+  it "should correctly convert to a hash" do
+    expect(@uri.to_hash).to eq({
+      :scheme => "http",
+      :user => nil,
+      :password => nil,
+      :host => "example.com",
+      :port => 8080,
+      :path => "/",
+      :query => nil,
+      :fragment => nil
+    })
+  end
+
+  it "should be identical to its duplicate" do
+    expect(@uri).to eq(@uri.dup)
+  end
+
+  it "should have an origin of 'http://example.com:8080'" do
+    expect(@uri.origin).to eq('http://example.com:8080')
+  end
+
+  it "should not change if encoded with the normalizing algorithm" do
+    expect(Addressable::URI.normalized_encode(@uri).to_s).to eq(
+      "http://example.com:8080/"
+    )
+    expect(Addressable::URI.normalized_encode(@uri, Addressable::URI).to_s).to be ===
+      "http://example.com:8080/"
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when parsed from " +
+    "'http://example.com:%38%30/'" do
+  before do
+    @uri = Addressable::URI.parse("http://example.com:%38%30/")
+  end
+
+  it "should have the correct port" do
+    expect(@uri.port).to eq(80)
+  end
+
+  it "should not be considered to be in normal form" do
+    expect(@uri.normalize).not_to be_eql(@uri)
+  end
+
+  it "should normalize to 'http://example.com/'" do
+    expect(@uri.normalize.to_s).to eq("http://example.com/")
+  end
+
+  it "should have an origin of 'http://example.com'" do
+    expect(@uri.origin).to eq('http://example.com')
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when parsed from " +
+    "'http://example.com/%2E/'" do
+  before do
+    @uri = Addressable::URI.parse("http://example.com/%2E/")
+  end
+
+  it "should be considered to be in normal form" do
+    skip(
+      'path segment normalization should happen before ' +
+      'percent escaping normalization'
+    )
+    @uri.normalize.should be_eql(@uri)
+  end
+
+  it "should normalize to 'http://example.com/%2E/'" do
+    skip(
+      'path segment normalization should happen before ' +
+      'percent escaping normalization'
+    )
+    expect(@uri.normalize).to eq("http://example.com/%2E/")
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when parsed from " +
+    "'http://example.com/..'" do
+  before do
+    @uri = Addressable::URI.parse("http://example.com/..")
+  end
+
+  it "should have the correct port" do
+    expect(@uri.inferred_port).to eq(80)
+  end
+
+  it "should not be considered to be in normal form" do
+    expect(@uri.normalize).not_to be_eql(@uri)
+  end
+
+  it "should normalize to 'http://example.com/'" do
+    expect(@uri.normalize.to_s).to eq("http://example.com/")
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when parsed from " +
+    "'http://example.com/../..'" do
+  before do
+    @uri = Addressable::URI.parse("http://example.com/../..")
+  end
+
+  it "should have the correct port" do
+    expect(@uri.inferred_port).to eq(80)
+  end
+
+  it "should not be considered to be in normal form" do
+    expect(@uri.normalize).not_to be_eql(@uri)
+  end
+
+  it "should normalize to 'http://example.com/'" do
+    expect(@uri.normalize.to_s).to eq("http://example.com/")
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when parsed from " +
+    "'http://example.com/path(/..'" do
+  before do
+    @uri = Addressable::URI.parse("http://example.com/path(/..")
+  end
+
+  it "should have the correct port" do
+    expect(@uri.inferred_port).to eq(80)
+  end
+
+  it "should not be considered to be in normal form" do
+    expect(@uri.normalize).not_to be_eql(@uri)
+  end
+
+  it "should normalize to 'http://example.com/'" do
+    expect(@uri.normalize.to_s).to eq("http://example.com/")
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when parsed from " +
+    "'http://example.com/(path)/..'" do
+  before do
+    @uri = Addressable::URI.parse("http://example.com/(path)/..")
+  end
+
+  it "should have the correct port" do
+    expect(@uri.inferred_port).to eq(80)
+  end
+
+  it "should not be considered to be in normal form" do
+    expect(@uri.normalize).not_to be_eql(@uri)
+  end
+
+  it "should normalize to 'http://example.com/'" do
+    expect(@uri.normalize.to_s).to eq("http://example.com/")
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when parsed from " +
+    "'http://example.com/path(/../'" do
+  before do
+    @uri = Addressable::URI.parse("http://example.com/path(/../")
+  end
+
+  it "should have the correct port" do
+    expect(@uri.inferred_port).to eq(80)
+  end
+
+  it "should not be considered to be in normal form" do
+    expect(@uri.normalize).not_to be_eql(@uri)
+  end
+
+  it "should normalize to 'http://example.com/'" do
+    expect(@uri.normalize.to_s).to eq("http://example.com/")
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when parsed from " +
+    "'http://example.com/(path)/../'" do
+  before do
+    @uri = Addressable::URI.parse("http://example.com/(path)/../")
+  end
+
+  it "should have the correct port" do
+    expect(@uri.inferred_port).to eq(80)
+  end
+
+  it "should not be considered to be in normal form" do
+    expect(@uri.normalize).not_to be_eql(@uri)
+  end
+
+  it "should normalize to 'http://example.com/'" do
+    expect(@uri.normalize.to_s).to eq("http://example.com/")
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when parsed from " +
+    "'/..//example.com'" do
+  before do
+    @uri = Addressable::URI.parse("/..//example.com")
+  end
+
+  it "should become invalid when normalized" do
+    expect(lambda do
+      @uri.normalize
+    end).to raise_error(Addressable::URI::InvalidURIError, /authority/)
+  end
+
+  it "should have a path of '/..//example.com'" do
+    expect(@uri.path).to eq("/..//example.com")
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when parsed from '/a/b/c/./../../g'" do
+  before do
+    @uri = Addressable::URI.parse("/a/b/c/./../../g")
+  end
+
+  it "should not be considered to be in normal form" do
+    expect(@uri.normalize).not_to be_eql(@uri)
+  end
+
+  # Section 5.2.4 of RFC 3986
+  it "should normalize to '/a/g'" do
+    expect(@uri.normalize.to_s).to eq("/a/g")
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when parsed from 'mid/content=5/../6'" do
+  before do
+    @uri = Addressable::URI.parse("mid/content=5/../6")
+  end
+
+  it "should not be considered to be in normal form" do
+    expect(@uri.normalize).not_to be_eql(@uri)
+  end
+
+  # Section 5.2.4 of RFC 3986
+  it "should normalize to 'mid/6'" do
+    expect(@uri.normalize.to_s).to eq("mid/6")
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when parsed from " +
+    "'http://www.example.com///../'" do
+  before do
+    @uri = Addressable::URI.parse('http://www.example.com///../')
+  end
+
+  it "should not be considered to be in normal form" do
+    expect(@uri.normalize).not_to be_eql(@uri)
+  end
+
+  it "should normalize to 'http://www.example.com//'" do
+    expect(@uri.normalize.to_s).to eq("http://www.example.com//")
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when parsed from " +
+    "'http://example.com/path/to/resource/'" do
+  before do
+    @uri = Addressable::URI.parse("http://example.com/path/to/resource/")
+  end
+
+  it "should use the 'http' scheme" do
+    expect(@uri.scheme).to eq("http")
+  end
+
+  it "should have an authority segment of 'example.com'" do
+    expect(@uri.authority).to eq("example.com")
+  end
+
+  it "should have a host of 'example.com'" do
+    expect(@uri.host).to eq("example.com")
+  end
+
+  it "should have no username" do
+    expect(@uri.user).to eq(nil)
+  end
+
+  it "should have no password" do
+    expect(@uri.password).to eq(nil)
+  end
+
+  it "should use port 80" do
+    expect(@uri.inferred_port).to eq(80)
+  end
+
+  it "should have a path of '/path/to/resource/'" do
+    expect(@uri.path).to eq("/path/to/resource/")
+  end
+
+  it "should have no query string" do
+    expect(@uri.query).to eq(nil)
+  end
+
+  it "should have no fragment" do
+    expect(@uri.fragment).to eq(nil)
+  end
+
+  it "should be considered absolute" do
+    expect(@uri).to be_absolute
+  end
+
+  it "should not be considered relative" do
+    expect(@uri).not_to be_relative
+  end
+
+  it "should be exactly equal to http://example.com:8080/" do
+    expect(@uri.eql?(Addressable::URI.parse(
+      "http://example.com/path/to/resource/"))).to eq(true)
+  end
+
+  it "should have a route of 'resource/' from " +
+      "'http://example.com/path/to/'" do
+    expect(@uri.route_from("http://example.com/path/to/")).to eq(
+      Addressable::URI.parse("resource/")
+    )
+  end
+
+  it "should have a route of '../' from " +
+    "'http://example.com/path/to/resource/sub'" do
+    expect(@uri.route_from("http://example.com/path/to/resource/sub")).to eq(
+      Addressable::URI.parse("../")
+    )
+  end
+
+
+  it "should have a route of 'resource/' from " +
+    "'http://example.com/path/to/another'" do
+    expect(@uri.route_from("http://example.com/path/to/another")).to eq(
+      Addressable::URI.parse("resource/")
+    )
+  end
+
+  it "should have a route of 'resource/' from " +
+      "'http://example.com/path/to/res'" do
+    expect(@uri.route_from("http://example.com/path/to/res")).to eq(
+      Addressable::URI.parse("resource/")
+    )
+  end
+
+  it "should have a route of 'resource/' from " +
+      "'http://example.com:80/path/to/'" do
+    expect(@uri.route_from("http://example.com:80/path/to/")).to eq(
+      Addressable::URI.parse("resource/")
+    )
+  end
+
+  it "should have a route of 'http://example.com/path/to/' from " +
+      "'http://example.com:8080/path/to/'" do
+    expect(@uri.route_from("http://example.com:8080/path/to/")).to eq(
+      Addressable::URI.parse("http://example.com/path/to/resource/")
+    )
+  end
+
+  it "should have a route of 'http://example.com/path/to/' from " +
+      "'http://user:pass@example.com/path/to/'" do
+    expect(@uri.route_from("http://user:pass@example.com/path/to/")).to eq(
+      Addressable::URI.parse("http://example.com/path/to/resource/")
+    )
+  end
+
+  it "should have a route of '../../path/to/resource/' from " +
+      "'http://example.com/to/resource/'" do
+    expect(@uri.route_from("http://example.com/to/resource/")).to eq(
+      Addressable::URI.parse("../../path/to/resource/")
+    )
+  end
+
+  it "should correctly convert to a hash" do
+    expect(@uri.to_hash).to eq({
+      :scheme => "http",
+      :user => nil,
+      :password => nil,
+      :host => "example.com",
+      :port => nil,
+      :path => "/path/to/resource/",
+      :query => nil,
+      :fragment => nil
+    })
+  end
+
+  it "should be identical to its duplicate" do
+    expect(@uri).to eq(@uri.dup)
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when parsed from " +
+    "'relative/path/to/resource'" do
+  before do
+    @uri = Addressable::URI.parse("relative/path/to/resource")
+  end
+
+  it "should not have a scheme" do
+    expect(@uri.scheme).to eq(nil)
+  end
+
+  it "should not be considered ip-based" do
+    expect(@uri).not_to be_ip_based
+  end
+
+  it "should not have an authority segment" do
+    expect(@uri.authority).to eq(nil)
+  end
+
+  it "should not have a host" do
+    expect(@uri.host).to eq(nil)
+  end
+
+  it "should have no username" do
+    expect(@uri.user).to eq(nil)
+  end
+
+  it "should have no password" do
+    expect(@uri.password).to eq(nil)
+  end
+
+  it "should not have a port" do
+    expect(@uri.port).to eq(nil)
+  end
+
+  it "should have a path of 'relative/path/to/resource'" do
+    expect(@uri.path).to eq("relative/path/to/resource")
+  end
+
+  it "should have no query string" do
+    expect(@uri.query).to eq(nil)
+  end
+
+  it "should have no fragment" do
+    expect(@uri.fragment).to eq(nil)
+  end
+
+  it "should not be considered absolute" do
+    expect(@uri).not_to be_absolute
+  end
+
+  it "should be considered relative" do
+    expect(@uri).to be_relative
+  end
+
+  it "should raise an error if routing is attempted" do
+    expect(lambda do
+      @uri.route_to("http://example.com/")
+    end).to raise_error(ArgumentError, /relative\/path\/to\/resource/)
+    expect(lambda do
+      @uri.route_from("http://example.com/")
+    end).to raise_error(ArgumentError, /relative\/path\/to\/resource/)
+  end
+
+  it "when joined with 'another/relative/path' should be " +
+      "'relative/path/to/another/relative/path'" do
+    expect(@uri.join('another/relative/path')).to eq(
+      Addressable::URI.parse("relative/path/to/another/relative/path")
+    )
+  end
+
+  it "should be identical to its duplicate" do
+    expect(@uri).to eq(@uri.dup)
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when parsed from " +
+    "'relative_path_with_no_slashes'" do
+  before do
+    @uri = Addressable::URI.parse("relative_path_with_no_slashes")
+  end
+
+  it "should not have a scheme" do
+    expect(@uri.scheme).to eq(nil)
+  end
+
+  it "should not be considered ip-based" do
+    expect(@uri).not_to be_ip_based
+  end
+
+  it "should not have an authority segment" do
+    expect(@uri.authority).to eq(nil)
+  end
+
+  it "should not have a host" do
+    expect(@uri.host).to eq(nil)
+  end
+
+  it "should have no username" do
+    expect(@uri.user).to eq(nil)
+  end
+
+  it "should have no password" do
+    expect(@uri.password).to eq(nil)
+  end
+
+  it "should not have a port" do
+    expect(@uri.port).to eq(nil)
+  end
+
+  it "should have a path of 'relative_path_with_no_slashes'" do
+    expect(@uri.path).to eq("relative_path_with_no_slashes")
+  end
+
+  it "should have no query string" do
+    expect(@uri.query).to eq(nil)
+  end
+
+  it "should have no fragment" do
+    expect(@uri.fragment).to eq(nil)
+  end
+
+  it "should not be considered absolute" do
+    expect(@uri).not_to be_absolute
+  end
+
+  it "should be considered relative" do
+    expect(@uri).to be_relative
+  end
+
+  it "when joined with 'another_relative_path' should be " +
+      "'another_relative_path'" do
+    expect(@uri.join('another_relative_path')).to eq(
+      Addressable::URI.parse("another_relative_path")
+    )
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when parsed from " +
+    "'http://example.com/file.txt'" do
+  before do
+    @uri = Addressable::URI.parse("http://example.com/file.txt")
+  end
+
+  it "should have a scheme of 'http'" do
+    expect(@uri.scheme).to eq("http")
+  end
+
+  it "should have an authority segment of 'example.com'" do
+    expect(@uri.authority).to eq("example.com")
+  end
+
+  it "should have a host of 'example.com'" do
+    expect(@uri.host).to eq("example.com")
+  end
+
+  it "should have no username" do
+    expect(@uri.user).to eq(nil)
+  end
+
+  it "should have no password" do
+    expect(@uri.password).to eq(nil)
+  end
+
+  it "should use port 80" do
+    expect(@uri.inferred_port).to eq(80)
+  end
+
+  it "should have a path of '/file.txt'" do
+    expect(@uri.path).to eq("/file.txt")
+  end
+
+  it "should have a basename of 'file.txt'" do
+    expect(@uri.basename).to eq("file.txt")
+  end
+
+  it "should have an extname of '.txt'" do
+    expect(@uri.extname).to eq(".txt")
+  end
+
+  it "should have no query string" do
+    expect(@uri.query).to eq(nil)
+  end
+
+  it "should have no fragment" do
+    expect(@uri.fragment).to eq(nil)
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when parsed from " +
+    "'http://example.com/file.txt;parameter'" do
+  before do
+    @uri = Addressable::URI.parse("http://example.com/file.txt;parameter")
+  end
+
+  it "should have a scheme of 'http'" do
+    expect(@uri.scheme).to eq("http")
+  end
+
+  it "should have an authority segment of 'example.com'" do
+    expect(@uri.authority).to eq("example.com")
+  end
+
+  it "should have a host of 'example.com'" do
+    expect(@uri.host).to eq("example.com")
+  end
+
+  it "should have no username" do
+    expect(@uri.user).to eq(nil)
+  end
+
+  it "should have no password" do
+    expect(@uri.password).to eq(nil)
+  end
+
+  it "should use port 80" do
+    expect(@uri.inferred_port).to eq(80)
+  end
+
+  it "should have a path of '/file.txt;parameter'" do
+    expect(@uri.path).to eq("/file.txt;parameter")
+  end
+
+  it "should have a basename of 'file.txt'" do
+    expect(@uri.basename).to eq("file.txt")
+  end
+
+  it "should have an extname of '.txt'" do
+    expect(@uri.extname).to eq(".txt")
+  end
+
+  it "should have no query string" do
+    expect(@uri.query).to eq(nil)
+  end
+
+  it "should have no fragment" do
+    expect(@uri.fragment).to eq(nil)
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when parsed from " +
+    "'http://example.com/file.txt;x=y'" do
+  before do
+    @uri = Addressable::URI.parse("http://example.com/file.txt;x=y")
+  end
+
+  it "should have a scheme of 'http'" do
+    expect(@uri.scheme).to eq("http")
+  end
+
+  it "should have a scheme of 'http'" do
+    expect(@uri.scheme).to eq("http")
+  end
+
+  it "should have an authority segment of 'example.com'" do
+    expect(@uri.authority).to eq("example.com")
+  end
+
+  it "should have a host of 'example.com'" do
+    expect(@uri.host).to eq("example.com")
+  end
+
+  it "should have no username" do
+    expect(@uri.user).to eq(nil)
+  end
+
+  it "should have no password" do
+    expect(@uri.password).to eq(nil)
+  end
+
+  it "should use port 80" do
+    expect(@uri.inferred_port).to eq(80)
+  end
+
+  it "should have a path of '/file.txt;x=y'" do
+    expect(@uri.path).to eq("/file.txt;x=y")
+  end
+
+  it "should have an extname of '.txt'" do
+    expect(@uri.extname).to eq(".txt")
+  end
+
+  it "should have no query string" do
+    expect(@uri.query).to eq(nil)
+  end
+
+  it "should have no fragment" do
+    expect(@uri.fragment).to eq(nil)
+  end
+
+  it "should be considered to be in normal form" do
+    expect(@uri.normalize).to be_eql(@uri)
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when parsed from " +
+    "'svn+ssh://developername@rubyforge.org/var/svn/project'" do
+  before do
+    @uri = Addressable::URI.parse(
+      "svn+ssh://developername@rubyforge.org/var/svn/project"
+    )
+  end
+
+  it "should have a scheme of 'svn+ssh'" do
+    expect(@uri.scheme).to eq("svn+ssh")
+  end
+
+  it "should be considered to be ip-based" do
+    expect(@uri).to be_ip_based
+  end
+
+  it "should have a path of '/var/svn/project'" do
+    expect(@uri.path).to eq("/var/svn/project")
+  end
+
+  it "should have a username of 'developername'" do
+    expect(@uri.user).to eq("developername")
+  end
+
+  it "should have no password" do
+    expect(@uri.password).to eq(nil)
+  end
+
+  it "should be considered to be in normal form" do
+    expect(@uri.normalize).to be_eql(@uri)
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when parsed from " +
+    "'ssh+svn://developername@RUBYFORGE.ORG/var/svn/project'" do
+  before do
+    @uri = Addressable::URI.parse(
+      "ssh+svn://developername@RUBYFORGE.ORG/var/svn/project"
+    )
+  end
+
+  it "should have a scheme of 'ssh+svn'" do
+    expect(@uri.scheme).to eq("ssh+svn")
+  end
+
+  it "should have a normalized scheme of 'svn+ssh'" do
+    expect(@uri.normalized_scheme).to eq("svn+ssh")
+  end
+
+  it "should have a normalized site of 'svn+ssh'" do
+    expect(@uri.normalized_site).to eq("svn+ssh://developername@rubyforge.org")
+  end
+
+  it "should not be considered to be ip-based" do
+    expect(@uri).not_to be_ip_based
+  end
+
+  it "should have a path of '/var/svn/project'" do
+    expect(@uri.path).to eq("/var/svn/project")
+  end
+
+  it "should have a username of 'developername'" do
+    expect(@uri.user).to eq("developername")
+  end
+
+  it "should have no password" do
+    expect(@uri.password).to eq(nil)
+  end
+
+  it "should not be considered to be in normal form" do
+    expect(@uri.normalize).not_to be_eql(@uri)
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when parsed from " +
+    "'mailto:user@example.com'" do
+  before do
+    @uri = Addressable::URI.parse("mailto:user@example.com")
+  end
+
+  it "should have a scheme of 'mailto'" do
+    expect(@uri.scheme).to eq("mailto")
+  end
+
+  it "should not be considered to be ip-based" do
+    expect(@uri).not_to be_ip_based
+  end
+
+  it "should have a path of 'user@example.com'" do
+    expect(@uri.path).to eq("user@example.com")
+  end
+
+  it "should have no user" do
+    expect(@uri.user).to eq(nil)
+  end
+
+  it "should be considered to be in normal form" do
+    expect(@uri.normalize).to be_eql(@uri)
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when parsed from " +
+    "'tag:example.com,2006-08-18:/path/to/something'" do
+  before do
+    @uri = Addressable::URI.parse(
+      "tag:example.com,2006-08-18:/path/to/something")
+  end
+
+  it "should have a scheme of 'tag'" do
+    expect(@uri.scheme).to eq("tag")
+  end
+
+  it "should be considered to be ip-based" do
+    expect(@uri).not_to be_ip_based
+  end
+
+  it "should have a path of " +
+      "'example.com,2006-08-18:/path/to/something'" do
+    expect(@uri.path).to eq("example.com,2006-08-18:/path/to/something")
+  end
+
+  it "should have no user" do
+    expect(@uri.user).to eq(nil)
+  end
+
+  it "should be considered to be in normal form" do
+    expect(@uri.normalize).to be_eql(@uri)
+  end
+
+  it "should have a 'null' origin" do
+    expect(@uri.origin).to eq('null')
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when parsed from " +
+    "'http://example.com/x;y/'" do
+  before do
+    @uri = Addressable::URI.parse("http://example.com/x;y/")
+  end
+
+  it "should be considered to be in normal form" do
+    expect(@uri.normalize).to be_eql(@uri)
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when parsed from " +
+    "'http://example.com/?x=1&y=2'" do
+  before do
+    @uri = Addressable::URI.parse("http://example.com/?x=1&y=2")
+  end
+
+  it "should be considered to be in normal form" do
+    expect(@uri.normalize).to be_eql(@uri)
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when parsed from " +
+    "'view-source:http://example.com/'" do
+  before do
+    @uri = Addressable::URI.parse("view-source:http://example.com/")
+  end
+
+  it "should have a scheme of 'view-source'" do
+    expect(@uri.scheme).to eq("view-source")
+  end
+
+  it "should have a path of 'http://example.com/'" do
+    expect(@uri.path).to eq("http://example.com/")
+  end
+
+  it "should be considered to be in normal form" do
+    expect(@uri.normalize).to be_eql(@uri)
+  end
+
+  it "should have a 'null' origin" do
+    expect(@uri.origin).to eq('null')
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when parsed from " +
+    "'http://user:pass@example.com/path/to/resource?query=x#fragment'" do
+  before do
+    @uri = Addressable::URI.parse(
+      "http://user:pass@example.com/path/to/resource?query=x#fragment")
+  end
+
+  it "should use the 'http' scheme" do
+    expect(@uri.scheme).to eq("http")
+  end
+
+  it "should have an authority segment of 'user:pass@example.com'" do
+    expect(@uri.authority).to eq("user:pass@example.com")
+  end
+
+  it "should have a username of 'user'" do
+    expect(@uri.user).to eq("user")
+  end
+
+  it "should have a password of 'pass'" do
+    expect(@uri.password).to eq("pass")
+  end
+
+  it "should have a host of 'example.com'" do
+    expect(@uri.host).to eq("example.com")
+  end
+
+  it "should use port 80" do
+    expect(@uri.inferred_port).to eq(80)
+  end
+
+  it "should have a path of '/path/to/resource'" do
+    expect(@uri.path).to eq("/path/to/resource")
+  end
+
+  it "should have a query string of 'query=x'" do
+    expect(@uri.query).to eq("query=x")
+  end
+
+  it "should have a fragment of 'fragment'" do
+    expect(@uri.fragment).to eq("fragment")
+  end
+
+  it "should be considered to be in normal form" do
+    expect(@uri.normalize).to be_eql(@uri)
+  end
+
+  it "should have a route of '../../' to " +
+      "'http://user:pass@example.com/path/'" do
+    expect(@uri.route_to("http://user:pass@example.com/path/")).to eq(
+      Addressable::URI.parse("../../")
+    )
+  end
+
+  it "should have a route of 'to/resource?query=x#fragment' " +
+      "from 'http://user:pass@example.com/path/'" do
+    expect(@uri.route_from("http://user:pass@example.com/path/")).to eq(
+      Addressable::URI.parse("to/resource?query=x#fragment")
+    )
+  end
+
+  it "should have a route of '?query=x#fragment' " +
+      "from 'http://user:pass@example.com/path/to/resource'" do
+    expect(@uri.route_from("http://user:pass@example.com/path/to/resource")).to eq(
+      Addressable::URI.parse("?query=x#fragment")
+    )
+  end
+
+  it "should have a route of '#fragment' " +
+      "from 'http://user:pass@example.com/path/to/resource?query=x'" do
+    expect(@uri.route_from(
+      "http://user:pass@example.com/path/to/resource?query=x")).to eq(
+        Addressable::URI.parse("#fragment")
+    )
+  end
+
+  it "should have a route of '#fragment' from " +
+      "'http://user:pass@example.com/path/to/resource?query=x#fragment'" do
+    expect(@uri.route_from(
+      "http://user:pass@example.com/path/to/resource?query=x#fragment"
+    )).to eq(Addressable::URI.parse("#fragment"))
+  end
+
+  it "should have a route of 'http://elsewhere.com/' to " +
+      "'http://elsewhere.com/'" do
+    expect(@uri.route_to("http://elsewhere.com/")).to eq(
+      Addressable::URI.parse("http://elsewhere.com/")
+    )
+  end
+
+  it "should have a route of " +
+      "'http://user:pass@example.com/path/to/resource?query=x#fragment' " +
+      "from 'http://example.com/path/to/'" do
+    expect(@uri.route_from("http://elsewhere.com/path/to/")).to eq(
+      Addressable::URI.parse(
+        "http://user:pass@example.com/path/to/resource?query=x#fragment")
+    )
+  end
+
+  it "should have the correct scheme after assignment" do
+    @uri.scheme = "ftp"
+    expect(@uri.scheme).to eq("ftp")
+    expect(@uri.to_s).to eq(
+      "ftp://user:pass@example.com/path/to/resource?query=x#fragment"
+    )
+    expect(@uri.to_str).to eq(
+      "ftp://user:pass@example.com/path/to/resource?query=x#fragment"
+    )
+  end
+
+  it "should have the correct site segment after assignment" do
+    @uri.site = "https://newuser:newpass@example.com:443"
+    expect(@uri.scheme).to eq("https")
+    expect(@uri.authority).to eq("newuser:newpass@example.com:443")
+    expect(@uri.user).to eq("newuser")
+    expect(@uri.password).to eq("newpass")
+    expect(@uri.userinfo).to eq("newuser:newpass")
+    expect(@uri.normalized_userinfo).to eq("newuser:newpass")
+    expect(@uri.host).to eq("example.com")
+    expect(@uri.port).to eq(443)
+    expect(@uri.inferred_port).to eq(443)
+    expect(@uri.to_s).to eq(
+      "https://newuser:newpass@example.com:443" +
+      "/path/to/resource?query=x#fragment"
+    )
+  end
+
+  it "should have the correct authority segment after assignment" do
+    @uri.authority = "newuser:newpass@example.com:80"
+    expect(@uri.authority).to eq("newuser:newpass@example.com:80")
+    expect(@uri.user).to eq("newuser")
+    expect(@uri.password).to eq("newpass")
+    expect(@uri.userinfo).to eq("newuser:newpass")
+    expect(@uri.normalized_userinfo).to eq("newuser:newpass")
+    expect(@uri.host).to eq("example.com")
+    expect(@uri.port).to eq(80)
+    expect(@uri.inferred_port).to eq(80)
+    expect(@uri.to_s).to eq(
+      "http://newuser:newpass@example.com:80" +
+      "/path/to/resource?query=x#fragment"
+    )
+  end
+
+  it "should have the correct userinfo segment after assignment" do
+    @uri.userinfo = "newuser:newpass"
+    expect(@uri.userinfo).to eq("newuser:newpass")
+    expect(@uri.authority).to eq("newuser:newpass@example.com")
+    expect(@uri.user).to eq("newuser")
+    expect(@uri.password).to eq("newpass")
+    expect(@uri.host).to eq("example.com")
+    expect(@uri.port).to eq(nil)
+    expect(@uri.inferred_port).to eq(80)
+    expect(@uri.to_s).to eq(
+      "http://newuser:newpass@example.com" +
+      "/path/to/resource?query=x#fragment"
+    )
+  end
+
+  it "should have the correct username after assignment" do
+    @uri.user = "newuser"
+    expect(@uri.user).to eq("newuser")
+    expect(@uri.authority).to eq("newuser:pass@example.com")
+  end
+
+  it "should have the correct password after assignment" do
+    @uri.password = "newpass"
+    expect(@uri.password).to eq("newpass")
+    expect(@uri.authority).to eq("user:newpass@example.com")
+  end
+
+  it "should have the correct host after assignment" do
+    @uri.host = "newexample.com"
+    expect(@uri.host).to eq("newexample.com")
+    expect(@uri.authority).to eq("user:pass@newexample.com")
+  end
+
+  it "should have the correct host after assignment" do
+    @uri.hostname = "newexample.com"
+    expect(@uri.host).to eq("newexample.com")
+    expect(@uri.hostname).to eq("newexample.com")
+    expect(@uri.authority).to eq("user:pass@newexample.com")
+  end
+
+  it "should raise an error if assigning a bogus object to the hostname" do
+    expect(lambda do
+      @uri.hostname = Object.new
+    end).to raise_error
+  end
+
+  it "should have the correct port after assignment" do
+    @uri.port = 8080
+    expect(@uri.port).to eq(8080)
+    expect(@uri.authority).to eq("user:pass@example.com:8080")
+  end
+
+  it "should have the correct origin after assignment" do
+    @uri.origin = "http://newexample.com"
+    expect(@uri.host).to eq("newexample.com")
+    expect(@uri.authority).to eq("newexample.com")
+  end
+
+  it "should have the correct path after assignment" do
+    @uri.path = "/newpath/to/resource"
+    expect(@uri.path).to eq("/newpath/to/resource")
+    expect(@uri.to_s).to eq(
+      "http://user:pass@example.com/newpath/to/resource?query=x#fragment"
+    )
+  end
+
+  it "should have the correct scheme and authority after nil assignment" do
+    @uri.site = nil
+    expect(@uri.scheme).to eq(nil)
+    expect(@uri.authority).to eq(nil)
+    expect(@uri.to_s).to eq("/path/to/resource?query=x#fragment")
+  end
+
+  it "should have the correct scheme and authority after assignment" do
+    @uri.site = "file://"
+    expect(@uri.scheme).to eq("file")
+    expect(@uri.authority).to eq("")
+    expect(@uri.to_s).to eq("file:///path/to/resource?query=x#fragment")
+  end
+
+  it "should have the correct path after nil assignment" do
+    @uri.path = nil
+    expect(@uri.path).to eq("")
+    expect(@uri.to_s).to eq(
+      "http://user:pass@example.com?query=x#fragment"
+    )
+  end
+
+  it "should have the correct query string after assignment" do
+    @uri.query = "newquery=x"
+    expect(@uri.query).to eq("newquery=x")
+    expect(@uri.to_s).to eq(
+      "http://user:pass@example.com/path/to/resource?newquery=x#fragment"
+    )
+    @uri.query = nil
+    expect(@uri.query).to eq(nil)
+    expect(@uri.to_s).to eq(
+      "http://user:pass@example.com/path/to/resource#fragment"
+    )
+  end
+
+  it "should have the correct query string after hash assignment" do
+    @uri.query_values = {"?uestion mark" => "=sign", "hello" => "g\xC3\xBCnther"}
+    expect(@uri.query.split("&")).to include("%3Fuestion%20mark=%3Dsign")
+    expect(@uri.query.split("&")).to include("hello=g%C3%BCnther")
+    expect(@uri.query_values).to eq({
+      "?uestion mark" => "=sign", "hello" => "g\xC3\xBCnther"
+    })
+  end
+
+  it "should have the correct query string after flag hash assignment" do
+    @uri.query_values = {'flag?1' => nil, 'fl=ag2' => nil, 'flag3' => nil}
+    expect(@uri.query.split("&")).to include("flag%3F1")
+    expect(@uri.query.split("&")).to include("fl%3Dag2")
+    expect(@uri.query.split("&")).to include("flag3")
+    expect(@uri.query_values(Array).sort).to eq([["fl=ag2"], ["flag3"], ["flag?1"]])
+    expect(@uri.query_values(Hash)).to eq({
+      'flag?1' => nil, 'fl=ag2' => nil, 'flag3' => nil
+    })
+  end
+
+  it "should raise an error if query values are set to a bogus type" do
+    expect(lambda do
+      @uri.query_values = "bogus"
+    end).to raise_error(TypeError)
+  end
+
+  it "should have the correct fragment after assignment" do
+    @uri.fragment = "newfragment"
+    expect(@uri.fragment).to eq("newfragment")
+    expect(@uri.to_s).to eq(
+      "http://user:pass@example.com/path/to/resource?query=x#newfragment"
+    )
+
+    @uri.fragment = nil
+    expect(@uri.fragment).to eq(nil)
+    expect(@uri.to_s).to eq(
+      "http://user:pass@example.com/path/to/resource?query=x"
+    )
+  end
+
+  it "should have the correct values after a merge" do
+    expect(@uri.merge(:fragment => "newfragment").to_s).to eq(
+      "http://user:pass@example.com/path/to/resource?query=x#newfragment"
+    )
+  end
+
+  it "should have the correct values after a merge" do
+    expect(@uri.merge(:fragment => nil).to_s).to eq(
+      "http://user:pass@example.com/path/to/resource?query=x"
+    )
+  end
+
+  it "should have the correct values after a merge" do
+    expect(@uri.merge(:userinfo => "newuser:newpass").to_s).to eq(
+      "http://newuser:newpass@example.com/path/to/resource?query=x#fragment"
+    )
+  end
+
+  it "should have the correct values after a merge" do
+    expect(@uri.merge(:userinfo => nil).to_s).to eq(
+      "http://example.com/path/to/resource?query=x#fragment"
+    )
+  end
+
+  it "should have the correct values after a merge" do
+    expect(@uri.merge(:path => "newpath").to_s).to eq(
+      "http://user:pass@example.com/newpath?query=x#fragment"
+    )
+  end
+
+  it "should have the correct values after a merge" do
+    expect(@uri.merge(:port => "42", :path => "newpath", :query => "").to_s).to eq(
+      "http://user:pass@example.com:42/newpath?#fragment"
+    )
+  end
+
+  it "should have the correct values after a merge" do
+    expect(@uri.merge(:authority => "foo:bar@baz:42").to_s).to eq(
+      "http://foo:bar@baz:42/path/to/resource?query=x#fragment"
+    )
+    # Ensure the operation was not destructive
+    expect(@uri.to_s).to eq(
+      "http://user:pass@example.com/path/to/resource?query=x#fragment"
+    )
+  end
+
+  it "should have the correct values after a destructive merge" do
+    @uri.merge!(:authority => "foo:bar@baz:42")
+    # Ensure the operation was destructive
+    expect(@uri.to_s).to eq(
+      "http://foo:bar@baz:42/path/to/resource?query=x#fragment"
+    )
+  end
+
+  it "should fail to merge with bogus values" do
+    expect(lambda do
+      @uri.merge(:port => "bogus")
+    end).to raise_error(Addressable::URI::InvalidURIError)
+  end
+
+  it "should fail to merge with bogus values" do
+    expect(lambda do
+      @uri.merge(:authority => "bar@baz:bogus")
+    end).to raise_error(Addressable::URI::InvalidURIError)
+  end
+
+  it "should fail to merge with bogus parameters" do
+    expect(lambda do
+      @uri.merge(42)
+    end).to raise_error(TypeError)
+  end
+
+  it "should fail to merge with bogus parameters" do
+    expect(lambda do
+      @uri.merge("http://example.com/")
+    end).to raise_error(TypeError)
+  end
+
+  it "should fail to merge with both authority and subcomponents" do
+    expect(lambda do
+      @uri.merge(:authority => "foo:bar@baz:42", :port => "42")
+    end).to raise_error(ArgumentError)
+  end
+
+  it "should fail to merge with both userinfo and subcomponents" do
+    expect(lambda do
+      @uri.merge(:userinfo => "foo:bar", :user => "foo")
+    end).to raise_error(ArgumentError)
+  end
+
+  it "should be identical to its duplicate" do
+    expect(@uri).to eq(@uri.dup)
+  end
+
+  it "should have an origin of 'http://example.com'" do
+    expect(@uri.origin).to eq('http://example.com')
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when parsed from " +
+  "'http://example.com/search?q=Q%26A'" do
+
+  before do
+    @uri = Addressable::URI.parse("http://example.com/search?q=Q%26A")
+  end
+
+  it "should have a query of 'q=Q%26A'" do
+    expect(@uri.query).to eq("q=Q%26A")
+  end
+
+  it "should have query_values of {'q' => 'Q&A'}" do
+    expect(@uri.query_values).to eq({ 'q' => 'Q&A' })
+  end
+
+  it "should normalize to the original uri " +
+      "(with the ampersand properly percent-encoded)" do
+    expect(@uri.normalize.to_s).to eq("http://example.com/search?q=Q%26A")
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when parsed from " +
+    "'http://example.com/?&x=b'" do
+  before do
+    @uri = Addressable::URI.parse("http://example.com/?&x=b")
+  end
+
+  it "should have a query of '&x=b'" do
+    expect(@uri.query).to eq("&x=b")
+  end
+
+  it "should have query_values of {'x' => 'b'}" do
+    expect(@uri.query_values).to eq({'x' => 'b'})
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when parsed from " +
+    "'http://example.com/?q='one;two'&x=1'" do
+  before do
+    @uri = Addressable::URI.parse("http://example.com/?q='one;two'&x=1")
+  end
+
+  it "should have a query of 'q='one;two'&x=1'" do
+    expect(@uri.query).to eq("q='one;two'&x=1")
+  end
+
+  it "should have query_values of {\"q\" => \"'one;two'\", \"x\" => \"1\"}" do
+    expect(@uri.query_values).to eq({"q" => "'one;two'", "x" => "1"})
+  end
+
+  it "should escape the ';' character when normalizing to avoid ambiguity " +
+      "with the W3C HTML 4.01 specification" do
+    # HTML 4.01 Section B.2.2
+    expect(@uri.normalize.query).to eq("q='one%3Btwo'&x=1")
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when parsed from " +
+    "'http://example.com/?&&x=b'" do
+  before do
+    @uri = Addressable::URI.parse("http://example.com/?&&x=b")
+  end
+
+  it "should have a query of '&&x=b'" do
+    expect(@uri.query).to eq("&&x=b")
+  end
+
+  it "should have query_values of {'x' => 'b'}" do
+    expect(@uri.query_values).to eq({'x' => 'b'})
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when parsed from " +
+    "'http://example.com/?q=a&&x=b'" do
+  before do
+    @uri = Addressable::URI.parse("http://example.com/?q=a&&x=b")
+  end
+
+  it "should have a query of 'q=a&&x=b'" do
+    expect(@uri.query).to eq("q=a&&x=b")
+  end
+
+  it "should have query_values of {'q' => 'a, 'x' => 'b'}" do
+    expect(@uri.query_values).to eq({'q' => 'a', 'x' => 'b'})
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when parsed from " +
+    "'http://example.com/?q&&x=b'" do
+  before do
+    @uri = Addressable::URI.parse("http://example.com/?q&&x=b")
+  end
+
+  it "should have a query of 'q&&x=b'" do
+    expect(@uri.query).to eq("q&&x=b")
+  end
+
+  it "should have query_values of {'q' => true, 'x' => 'b'}" do
+    expect(@uri.query_values).to eq({'q' => nil, 'x' => 'b'})
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when parsed from " +
+    "'http://example.com/?q=a+b'" do
+  before do
+    @uri = Addressable::URI.parse("http://example.com/?q=a+b")
+  end
+
+  it "should have a query of 'q=a+b'" do
+    expect(@uri.query).to eq("q=a+b")
+  end
+
+  it "should have query_values of {'q' => 'a b'}" do
+    expect(@uri.query_values).to eq({'q' => 'a b'})
+  end
+
+  it "should have a normalized query of 'q=a+b'" do
+    expect(@uri.normalized_query).to eq("q=a+b")
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when parsed from " +
+    "'http://example.com/?q=a%2bb'" do
+  before do
+    @uri = Addressable::URI.parse("http://example.com/?q=a%2bb")
+  end
+
+  it "should have a query of 'q=a+b'" do
+    expect(@uri.query).to eq("q=a%2bb")
+  end
+
+  it "should have query_values of {'q' => 'a+b'}" do
+    expect(@uri.query_values).to eq({'q' => 'a+b'})
+  end
+
+  it "should have a normalized query of 'q=a%2Bb'" do
+    expect(@uri.normalized_query).to eq("q=a%2Bb")
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when parsed from " +
+    "'http://example.com/?v=%7E&w=%&x=%25&y=%2B&z=C%CC%A7'" do
+  before do
+    @uri = Addressable::URI.parse("http://example.com/?v=%7E&w=%&x=%25&y=%2B&z=C%CC%A7")
+  end
+
+  it "should have a normalized query of 'v=~&w=%25&x=%25&y=%2B&z=%C3%87'" do
+    expect(@uri.normalized_query).to eq("v=~&w=%25&x=%25&y=%2B&z=%C3%87")
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when parsed from " +
+    "'http://example.com/?v=%7E&w=%&x=%25&y=+&z=C%CC%A7'" do
+  before do
+    @uri = Addressable::URI.parse("http://example.com/?v=%7E&w=%&x=%25&y=+&z=C%CC%A7")
+  end
+
+  it "should have a normalized query of 'v=~&w=%25&x=%25&y=+&z=%C3%87'" do
+    expect(@uri.normalized_query).to eq("v=~&w=%25&x=%25&y=+&z=%C3%87")
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when parsed from " +
+    "'http://example.com/sound%2bvision'" do
+  before do
+    @uri = Addressable::URI.parse("http://example.com/sound%2bvision")
+  end
+
+  it "should have a normalized path of '/sound+vision'" do
+    expect(@uri.normalized_path).to eq('/sound+vision')
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when parsed from " +
+    "'http://example.com/?q='" do
+  before do
+    @uri = Addressable::URI.parse("http://example.com/?q=")
+  end
+
+  it "should have a query of 'q='" do
+    expect(@uri.query).to eq("q=")
+  end
+
+  it "should have query_values of {'q' => ''}" do
+    expect(@uri.query_values).to eq({'q' => ''})
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when parsed from " +
+    "'http://user@example.com'" do
+  before do
+    @uri = Addressable::URI.parse("http://user@example.com")
+  end
+
+  it "should use the 'http' scheme" do
+    expect(@uri.scheme).to eq("http")
+  end
+
+  it "should have a username of 'user'" do
+    expect(@uri.user).to eq("user")
+  end
+
+  it "should have no password" do
+    expect(@uri.password).to eq(nil)
+  end
+
+  it "should have a userinfo of 'user'" do
+    expect(@uri.userinfo).to eq("user")
+  end
+
+  it "should have a normalized userinfo of 'user'" do
+    expect(@uri.normalized_userinfo).to eq("user")
+  end
+
+  it "should have a host of 'example.com'" do
+    expect(@uri.host).to eq("example.com")
+  end
+
+  it "should have default_port 80" do
+    expect(@uri.default_port).to eq(80)
+  end
+
+  it "should use port 80" do
+    expect(@uri.inferred_port).to eq(80)
+  end
+
+  it "should have the correct username after assignment" do
+    @uri.user = "newuser"
+    expect(@uri.user).to eq("newuser")
+    expect(@uri.password).to eq(nil)
+    expect(@uri.to_s).to eq("http://newuser@example.com")
+  end
+
+  it "should have the correct password after assignment" do
+    @uri.password = "newpass"
+    expect(@uri.password).to eq("newpass")
+    expect(@uri.to_s).to eq("http://user:newpass@example.com")
+  end
+
+  it "should have the correct userinfo segment after assignment" do
+    @uri.userinfo = "newuser:newpass"
+    expect(@uri.userinfo).to eq("newuser:newpass")
+    expect(@uri.user).to eq("newuser")
+    expect(@uri.password).to eq("newpass")
+    expect(@uri.host).to eq("example.com")
+    expect(@uri.port).to eq(nil)
+    expect(@uri.inferred_port).to eq(80)
+    expect(@uri.to_s).to eq("http://newuser:newpass@example.com")
+  end
+
+  it "should have the correct userinfo segment after nil assignment" do
+    @uri.userinfo = nil
+    expect(@uri.userinfo).to eq(nil)
+    expect(@uri.user).to eq(nil)
+    expect(@uri.password).to eq(nil)
+    expect(@uri.host).to eq("example.com")
+    expect(@uri.port).to eq(nil)
+    expect(@uri.inferred_port).to eq(80)
+    expect(@uri.to_s).to eq("http://example.com")
+  end
+
+  it "should have the correct authority segment after assignment" do
+    @uri.authority = "newuser@example.com"
+    expect(@uri.authority).to eq("newuser@example.com")
+    expect(@uri.user).to eq("newuser")
+    expect(@uri.password).to eq(nil)
+    expect(@uri.host).to eq("example.com")
+    expect(@uri.port).to eq(nil)
+    expect(@uri.inferred_port).to eq(80)
+    expect(@uri.to_s).to eq("http://newuser@example.com")
+  end
+
+  it "should raise an error after nil assignment of authority segment" do
+    expect(lambda do
+      # This would create an invalid URI
+      @uri.authority = nil
+    end).to raise_error
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when parsed from " +
+    "'http://user:@example.com'" do
+  before do
+    @uri = Addressable::URI.parse("http://user:@example.com")
+  end
+
+  it "should use the 'http' scheme" do
+    expect(@uri.scheme).to eq("http")
+  end
+
+  it "should have a username of 'user'" do
+    expect(@uri.user).to eq("user")
+  end
+
+  it "should have a password of ''" do
+    expect(@uri.password).to eq("")
+  end
+
+  it "should have a normalized userinfo of 'user:'" do
+    expect(@uri.normalized_userinfo).to eq("user:")
+  end
+
+  it "should have a host of 'example.com'" do
+    expect(@uri.host).to eq("example.com")
+  end
+
+  it "should use port 80" do
+    expect(@uri.inferred_port).to eq(80)
+  end
+
+  it "should have the correct username after assignment" do
+    @uri.user = "newuser"
+    expect(@uri.user).to eq("newuser")
+    expect(@uri.password).to eq("")
+    expect(@uri.to_s).to eq("http://newuser:@example.com")
+  end
+
+  it "should have the correct password after assignment" do
+    @uri.password = "newpass"
+    expect(@uri.password).to eq("newpass")
+    expect(@uri.to_s).to eq("http://user:newpass@example.com")
+  end
+
+  it "should have the correct authority segment after assignment" do
+    @uri.authority = "newuser:@example.com"
+    expect(@uri.authority).to eq("newuser:@example.com")
+    expect(@uri.user).to eq("newuser")
+    expect(@uri.password).to eq("")
+    expect(@uri.host).to eq("example.com")
+    expect(@uri.port).to eq(nil)
+    expect(@uri.inferred_port).to eq(80)
+    expect(@uri.to_s).to eq("http://newuser:@example.com")
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when parsed from " +
+    "'http://:pass@example.com'" do
+  before do
+    @uri = Addressable::URI.parse("http://:pass@example.com")
+  end
+
+  it "should use the 'http' scheme" do
+    expect(@uri.scheme).to eq("http")
+  end
+
+  it "should have a username of ''" do
+    expect(@uri.user).to eq("")
+  end
+
+  it "should have a password of 'pass'" do
+    expect(@uri.password).to eq("pass")
+  end
+
+  it "should have a userinfo of ':pass'" do
+    expect(@uri.userinfo).to eq(":pass")
+  end
+
+  it "should have a normalized userinfo of ':pass'" do
+    expect(@uri.normalized_userinfo).to eq(":pass")
+  end
+
+  it "should have a host of 'example.com'" do
+    expect(@uri.host).to eq("example.com")
+  end
+
+  it "should use port 80" do
+    expect(@uri.inferred_port).to eq(80)
+  end
+
+  it "should have the correct username after assignment" do
+    @uri.user = "newuser"
+    expect(@uri.user).to eq("newuser")
+    expect(@uri.password).to eq("pass")
+    expect(@uri.to_s).to eq("http://newuser:pass@example.com")
+  end
+
+  it "should have the correct password after assignment" do
+    @uri.password = "newpass"
+    expect(@uri.password).to eq("newpass")
+    expect(@uri.user).to eq("")
+    expect(@uri.to_s).to eq("http://:newpass@example.com")
+  end
+
+  it "should have the correct authority segment after assignment" do
+    @uri.authority = ":newpass@example.com"
+    expect(@uri.authority).to eq(":newpass@example.com")
+    expect(@uri.user).to eq("")
+    expect(@uri.password).to eq("newpass")
+    expect(@uri.host).to eq("example.com")
+    expect(@uri.port).to eq(nil)
+    expect(@uri.inferred_port).to eq(80)
+    expect(@uri.to_s).to eq("http://:newpass@example.com")
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when parsed from " +
+    "'http://:@example.com'" do
+  before do
+    @uri = Addressable::URI.parse("http://:@example.com")
+  end
+
+  it "should use the 'http' scheme" do
+    expect(@uri.scheme).to eq("http")
+  end
+
+  it "should have a username of ''" do
+    expect(@uri.user).to eq("")
+  end
+
+  it "should have a password of ''" do
+    expect(@uri.password).to eq("")
+  end
+
+  it "should have a normalized userinfo of nil" do
+    expect(@uri.normalized_userinfo).to eq(nil)
+  end
+
+  it "should have a host of 'example.com'" do
+    expect(@uri.host).to eq("example.com")
+  end
+
+  it "should use port 80" do
+    expect(@uri.inferred_port).to eq(80)
+  end
+
+  it "should have the correct username after assignment" do
+    @uri.user = "newuser"
+    expect(@uri.user).to eq("newuser")
+    expect(@uri.password).to eq("")
+    expect(@uri.to_s).to eq("http://newuser:@example.com")
+  end
+
+  it "should have the correct password after assignment" do
+    @uri.password = "newpass"
+    expect(@uri.password).to eq("newpass")
+    expect(@uri.user).to eq("")
+    expect(@uri.to_s).to eq("http://:newpass@example.com")
+  end
+
+  it "should have the correct authority segment after assignment" do
+    @uri.authority = ":@newexample.com"
+    expect(@uri.authority).to eq(":@newexample.com")
+    expect(@uri.user).to eq("")
+    expect(@uri.password).to eq("")
+    expect(@uri.host).to eq("newexample.com")
+    expect(@uri.port).to eq(nil)
+    expect(@uri.inferred_port).to eq(80)
+    expect(@uri.to_s).to eq("http://:@newexample.com")
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when parsed from " +
+    "'#example'" do
+  before do
+    @uri = Addressable::URI.parse("#example")
+  end
+
+  it "should be considered relative" do
+    expect(@uri).to be_relative
+  end
+
+  it "should have a host of nil" do
+    expect(@uri.host).to eq(nil)
+  end
+
+  it "should have a site of nil" do
+    expect(@uri.site).to eq(nil)
+  end
+
+  it "should have a normalized_site of nil" do
+    expect(@uri.normalized_site).to eq(nil)
+  end
+
+  it "should have a path of ''" do
+    expect(@uri.path).to eq("")
+  end
+
+  it "should have a query string of nil" do
+    expect(@uri.query).to eq(nil)
+  end
+
+  it "should have a fragment of 'example'" do
+    expect(@uri.fragment).to eq("example")
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when parsed from " +
+    "the network-path reference '//example.com/'" do
+  before do
+    @uri = Addressable::URI.parse("//example.com/")
+  end
+
+  it "should be considered relative" do
+    expect(@uri).to be_relative
+  end
+
+  it "should have a host of 'example.com'" do
+    expect(@uri.host).to eq("example.com")
+  end
+
+  it "should have a path of '/'" do
+    expect(@uri.path).to eq("/")
+  end
+
+  it "should raise an error if routing is attempted" do
+    expect(lambda do
+      @uri.route_to("http://example.com/")
+    end).to raise_error(ArgumentError, /\/\/example.com\//)
+    expect(lambda do
+      @uri.route_from("http://example.com/")
+    end).to raise_error(ArgumentError, /\/\/example.com\//)
+  end
+
+  it "should have a 'null' origin" do
+    expect(@uri.origin).to eq('null')
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when parsed from " +
+    "'feed://http://example.com/'" do
+  before do
+    @uri = Addressable::URI.parse("feed://http://example.com/")
+  end
+
+  it "should have a host of 'http'" do
+    expect(@uri.host).to eq("http")
+  end
+
+  it "should have a path of '//example.com/'" do
+    expect(@uri.path).to eq("//example.com/")
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when parsed from " +
+    "'feed:http://example.com/'" do
+  before do
+    @uri = Addressable::URI.parse("feed:http://example.com/")
+  end
+
+  it "should have a path of 'http://example.com/'" do
+    expect(@uri.path).to eq("http://example.com/")
+  end
+
+  it "should normalize to 'http://example.com/'" do
+    expect(@uri.normalize.to_s).to eq("http://example.com/")
+    expect(@uri.normalize!.to_s).to eq("http://example.com/")
+  end
+
+  it "should have a 'null' origin" do
+    expect(@uri.origin).to eq('null')
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when parsed from " +
+    "'example://a/b/c/%7Bfoo%7D'" do
+  before do
+    @uri = Addressable::URI.parse("example://a/b/c/%7Bfoo%7D")
+  end
+
+  # Section 6.2.2 of RFC 3986
+  it "should be equivalent to eXAMPLE://a/./b/../b/%63/%7bfoo%7d" do
+    expect(@uri).to eq(
+      Addressable::URI.parse("eXAMPLE://a/./b/../b/%63/%7bfoo%7d")
+    )
+  end
+
+  it "should have an origin of 'example://a'" do
+    expect(@uri.origin).to eq('example://a')
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when parsed from " +
+    "'http://example.com/indirect/path/./to/../resource/'" do
+  before do
+    @uri = Addressable::URI.parse(
+      "http://example.com/indirect/path/./to/../resource/")
+  end
+
+  it "should use the 'http' scheme" do
+    expect(@uri.scheme).to eq("http")
+  end
+
+  it "should have a host of 'example.com'" do
+    expect(@uri.host).to eq("example.com")
+  end
+
+  it "should use port 80" do
+    expect(@uri.inferred_port).to eq(80)
+  end
+
+  it "should have a path of '/indirect/path/./to/../resource/'" do
+    expect(@uri.path).to eq("/indirect/path/./to/../resource/")
+  end
+
+  # Section 6.2.2.3 of RFC 3986
+  it "should have a normalized path of '/indirect/path/resource/'" do
+    expect(@uri.normalize.path).to eq("/indirect/path/resource/")
+    expect(@uri.normalize!.path).to eq("/indirect/path/resource/")
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when parsed from " +
+    "'http://under_score.example.com/'" do
+  it "should not cause an error" do
+    expect(lambda do
+      Addressable::URI.parse("http://under_score.example.com/")
+    end).not_to raise_error
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when parsed from " +
+    "'./this:that'" do
+  before do
+    @uri = Addressable::URI.parse("./this:that")
+  end
+
+  it "should be considered relative" do
+    expect(@uri).to be_relative
+  end
+
+  it "should have no scheme" do
+    expect(@uri.scheme).to eq(nil)
+  end
+
+  it "should have a 'null' origin" do
+    expect(@uri.origin).to eq('null')
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when parsed from " +
+    "'this:that'" do
+  before do
+    @uri = Addressable::URI.parse("this:that")
+  end
+
+  it "should be considered absolute" do
+    expect(@uri).to be_absolute
+  end
+
+  it "should have a scheme of 'this'" do
+    expect(@uri.scheme).to eq("this")
+  end
+
+  it "should have a 'null' origin" do
+    expect(@uri.origin).to eq('null')
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when parsed from '?'" do
+  before do
+    @uri = Addressable::URI.parse("?")
+  end
+
+  it "should normalize to ''" do
+    expect(@uri.normalize.to_s).to eq("")
+  end
+
+  it "should have the correct return type" do
+    expect(@uri.query_values).to eq({})
+    expect(@uri.query_values(Hash)).to eq({})
+    expect(@uri.query_values(Array)).to eq([])
+  end
+
+  it "should have a 'null' origin" do
+    expect(@uri.origin).to eq('null')
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when parsed from '?one=1&two=2&three=3'" do
+  before do
+    @uri = Addressable::URI.parse("?one=1&two=2&three=3")
+  end
+
+  it "should have the correct query values" do
+    expect(@uri.query_values).to eq({"one" => "1", "two" => "2", "three" => "3"})
+  end
+
+  it "should raise an error for invalid return type values" do
+    expect(lambda do
+      @uri.query_values(Fixnum)
+    end).to raise_error(ArgumentError)
+  end
+
+  it "should have the correct array query values" do
+    expect(@uri.query_values(Array)).to eq([
+      ["one", "1"], ["two", "2"], ["three", "3"]
+    ])
+  end
+
+  it "should have a 'null' origin" do
+    expect(@uri.origin).to eq('null')
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when parsed from '?one=1=uno&two=2=dos'" do
+  before do
+    @uri = Addressable::URI.parse("?one=1=uno&two=2=dos")
+  end
+
+  it "should have the correct query values" do
+    expect(@uri.query_values).to eq({"one" => "1=uno", "two" => "2=dos"})
+  end
+
+  it "should have the correct array query values" do
+    expect(@uri.query_values(Array)).to eq([
+      ["one", "1=uno"], ["two", "2=dos"]
+    ])
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when parsed from '?one[two][three]=four'" do
+  before do
+    @uri = Addressable::URI.parse("?one[two][three]=four")
+  end
+
+  it "should have the correct query values" do
+    expect(@uri.query_values).to eq({"one[two][three]" => "four"})
+  end
+
+  it "should have the correct array query values" do
+    expect(@uri.query_values(Array)).to eq([
+      ["one[two][three]", "four"]
+    ])
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when parsed from '?one.two.three=four'" do
+  before do
+    @uri = Addressable::URI.parse("?one.two.three=four")
+  end
+
+  it "should have the correct query values" do
+    expect(@uri.query_values).to eq({
+      "one.two.three" => "four"
+    })
+  end
+
+  it "should have the correct array query values" do
+    expect(@uri.query_values(Array)).to eq([
+      ["one.two.three", "four"]
+    ])
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when parsed from " +
+    "'?one[two][three]=four&one[two][five]=six'" do
+  before do
+    @uri = Addressable::URI.parse("?one[two][three]=four&one[two][five]=six")
+  end
+
+  it "should have the correct query values" do
+    expect(@uri.query_values).to eq({
+      "one[two][three]" => "four", "one[two][five]" => "six"
+    })
+  end
+
+  it "should have the correct array query values" do
+    expect(@uri.query_values(Array)).to eq([
+      ["one[two][three]", "four"], ["one[two][five]", "six"]
+    ])
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when parsed from " +
+    "'?one.two.three=four&one.two.five=six'" do
+  before do
+    @uri = Addressable::URI.parse("?one.two.three=four&one.two.five=six")
+  end
+
+  it "should have the correct query values" do
+    expect(@uri.query_values).to eq({
+      "one.two.three" => "four", "one.two.five" => "six"
+    })
+  end
+
+  it "should have the correct array query values" do
+    expect(@uri.query_values(Array)).to eq([
+      ["one.two.three", "four"], ["one.two.five", "six"]
+    ])
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when parsed from " +
+    "'?one=two&one=three'" do
+  before do
+    @uri = Addressable::URI.parse(
+      "?one=two&one=three&one=four"
+    )
+  end
+
+  it "should have correct array query values" do
+    expect(@uri.query_values(Array)).to eq(
+      [['one', 'two'], ['one', 'three'], ['one', 'four']]
+    )
+  end
+
+  it "should have correct hash query values" do
+    skip("This is probably more desirable behavior.")
+    expect(@uri.query_values(Hash)).to eq(
+      {'one' => ['two', 'three', 'four']}
+      )
+  end
+
+  it "should handle assignment with keys of mixed type" do
+    @uri.query_values = @uri.query_values(Hash).merge({:one => 'three'})
+    expect(@uri.query_values(Hash)).to eq({'one' => 'three'})
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when parsed from " +
+    "'?one[two][three][]=four&one[two][three][]=five'" do
+  before do
+    @uri = Addressable::URI.parse(
+      "?one[two][three][]=four&one[two][three][]=five"
+    )
+  end
+
+  it "should have correct query values" do
+    expect(@uri.query_values(Hash)).to eq({"one[two][three][]" => "five"})
+  end
+
+  it "should have correct array query values" do
+    expect(@uri.query_values(Array)).to eq([
+      ["one[two][three][]", "four"], ["one[two][three][]", "five"]
+    ])
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when parsed from " +
+    "'?one[two][three][0]=four&one[two][three][1]=five'" do
+  before do
+    @uri = Addressable::URI.parse(
+      "?one[two][three][0]=four&one[two][three][1]=five"
+    )
+  end
+
+  it "should have the correct query values" do
+    expect(@uri.query_values).to eq({
+      "one[two][three][0]" => "four", "one[two][three][1]" => "five"
+    })
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when parsed from " +
+    "'?one[two][three][1]=four&one[two][three][0]=five'" do
+  before do
+    @uri = Addressable::URI.parse(
+      "?one[two][three][1]=four&one[two][three][0]=five"
+    )
+  end
+
+  it "should have the correct query values" do
+    expect(@uri.query_values).to eq({
+      "one[two][three][1]" => "four", "one[two][three][0]" => "five"
+    })
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when parsed from " +
+    "'?one[two][three][2]=four&one[two][three][1]=five'" do
+  before do
+    @uri = Addressable::URI.parse(
+      "?one[two][three][2]=four&one[two][three][1]=five"
+    )
+  end
+
+  it "should have the correct query values" do
+    expect(@uri.query_values).to eq({
+      "one[two][three][2]" => "four", "one[two][three][1]" => "five"
+    })
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when parsed from " +
+    "'http://www.詹姆斯.com/'" do
+  before do
+    @uri = Addressable::URI.parse("http://www.詹姆斯.com/")
+  end
+
+  it "should be equivalent to 'http://www.xn--8ws00zhy3a.com/'" do
+    expect(@uri).to eq(
+      Addressable::URI.parse("http://www.xn--8ws00zhy3a.com/")
+    )
+  end
+
+  it "should not have domain name encoded during normalization" do
+    expect(Addressable::URI.normalized_encode(@uri.to_s)).to eq(
+      "http://www.詹姆斯.com/"
+    )
+  end
+
+  it "should have an origin of 'http://www.xn--8ws00zhy3a.com'" do
+    expect(@uri.origin).to eq('http://www.xn--8ws00zhy3a.com')
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when parsed from " +
+    "'http://www.詹姆斯.com/ some spaces /'" do
+  before do
+    @uri = Addressable::URI.parse("http://www.詹姆斯.com/ some spaces /")
+  end
+
+  it "should be equivalent to " +
+      "'http://www.xn--8ws00zhy3a.com/%20some%20spaces%20/'" do
+    expect(@uri).to eq(
+      Addressable::URI.parse(
+        "http://www.xn--8ws00zhy3a.com/%20some%20spaces%20/")
+    )
+  end
+
+  it "should not have domain name encoded during normalization" do
+    expect(Addressable::URI.normalized_encode(@uri.to_s)).to eq(
+      "http://www.詹姆斯.com/%20some%20spaces%20/"
+    )
+  end
+
+  it "should have an origin of 'http://www.xn--8ws00zhy3a.com'" do
+    expect(@uri.origin).to eq('http://www.xn--8ws00zhy3a.com')
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when parsed from " +
+    "'http://www.xn--8ws00zhy3a.com/'" do
+  before do
+    @uri = Addressable::URI.parse("http://www.xn--8ws00zhy3a.com/")
+  end
+
+  it "should be displayed as http://www.詹姆斯.com/" do
+    expect(@uri.display_uri.to_s).to eq("http://www.詹姆斯.com/")
+  end
+
+  it "should properly force the encoding" do
+    display_string = @uri.display_uri.to_str
+    expect(display_string).to eq("http://www.詹姆斯.com/")
+    if display_string.respond_to?(:encoding)
+      expect(display_string.encoding.to_s).to eq(Encoding::UTF_8.to_s)
+    end
+  end
+
+  it "should have an origin of 'http://www.xn--8ws00zhy3a.com'" do
+    expect(@uri.origin).to eq('http://www.xn--8ws00zhy3a.com')
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when parsed from " +
+    "'http://www.詹姆斯.com/atomtests/iri/詹.html'" do
+  before do
+    @uri = Addressable::URI.parse("http://www.詹姆斯.com/atomtests/iri/詹.html")
+  end
+
+  it "should normalize to " +
+      "http://www.xn--8ws00zhy3a.com/atomtests/iri/%E8%A9%B9.html" do
+    expect(@uri.normalize.to_s).to eq(
+      "http://www.xn--8ws00zhy3a.com/atomtests/iri/%E8%A9%B9.html"
+    )
+    expect(@uri.normalize!.to_s).to eq(
+      "http://www.xn--8ws00zhy3a.com/atomtests/iri/%E8%A9%B9.html"
+    )
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when parsed from a percent-encoded IRI" do
+  before do
+    @uri = Addressable::URI.parse(
+      "http://www.%E3%81%BB%E3%82%93%E3%81%A8%E3%81%86%E3%81%AB%E3%81%AA" +
+      "%E3%81%8C%E3%81%84%E3%82%8F%E3%81%91%E3%81%AE%E3%82%8F%E3%81%8B%E3" +
+      "%82%89%E3%81%AA%E3%81%84%E3%81%A9%E3%82%81%E3%81%84%E3%82%93%E3%82" +
+      "%81%E3%81%84%E3%81%AE%E3%82%89%E3%81%B9%E3%82%8B%E3%81%BE%E3%81%A0" +
+      "%E3%81%AA%E3%81%8C%E3%81%8F%E3%81%97%E3%81%AA%E3%81%84%E3%81%A8%E3" +
+      "%81%9F%E3%82%8A%E3%81%AA%E3%81%84.w3.mag.keio.ac.jp"
+    )
+  end
+
+  it "should normalize to something sane" do
+    expect(@uri.normalize.to_s).to eq(
+      "http://www.xn--n8jaaaaai5bhf7as8fsfk3jnknefdde3f" +
+      "g11amb5gzdb4wi9bya3kc6lra.w3.mag.keio.ac.jp/"
+    )
+    expect(@uri.normalize!.to_s).to eq(
+      "http://www.xn--n8jaaaaai5bhf7as8fsfk3jnknefdde3f" +
+      "g11amb5gzdb4wi9bya3kc6lra.w3.mag.keio.ac.jp/"
+    )
+  end
+
+  it "should have the correct origin" do
+    expect(@uri.origin).to eq(
+      "http://www.xn--n8jaaaaai5bhf7as8fsfk3jnknefdde3f" +
+      "g11amb5gzdb4wi9bya3kc6lra.w3.mag.keio.ac.jp"
+    )
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "with a base uri of 'http://a/b/c/d;p?q'" do
+  before do
+    @uri = Addressable::URI.parse("http://a/b/c/d;p?q")
+  end
+
+  # Section 5.4.1 of RFC 3986
+  it "when joined with 'g:h' should resolve to g:h" do
+    expect((@uri + "g:h").to_s).to eq("g:h")
+    expect(Addressable::URI.join(@uri, "g:h").to_s).to eq("g:h")
+  end
+
+  # Section 5.4.1 of RFC 3986
+  it "when joined with 'g' should resolve to http://a/b/c/g" do
+    expect((@uri + "g").to_s).to eq("http://a/b/c/g")
+    expect(Addressable::URI.join(@uri.to_s, "g").to_s).to eq("http://a/b/c/g")
+  end
+
+  # Section 5.4.1 of RFC 3986
+  it "when joined with './g' should resolve to http://a/b/c/g" do
+    expect((@uri + "./g").to_s).to eq("http://a/b/c/g")
+    expect(Addressable::URI.join(@uri.to_s, "./g").to_s).to eq("http://a/b/c/g")
+  end
+
+  # Section 5.4.1 of RFC 3986
+  it "when joined with 'g/' should resolve to http://a/b/c/g/" do
+    expect((@uri + "g/").to_s).to eq("http://a/b/c/g/")
+    expect(Addressable::URI.join(@uri.to_s, "g/").to_s).to eq("http://a/b/c/g/")
+  end
+
+  # Section 5.4.1 of RFC 3986
+  it "when joined with '/g' should resolve to http://a/g" do
+    expect((@uri + "/g").to_s).to eq("http://a/g")
+    expect(Addressable::URI.join(@uri.to_s, "/g").to_s).to eq("http://a/g")
+  end
+
+  # Section 5.4.1 of RFC 3986
+  it "when joined with '//g' should resolve to http://g" do
+    expect((@uri + "//g").to_s).to eq("http://g")
+    expect(Addressable::URI.join(@uri.to_s, "//g").to_s).to eq("http://g")
+  end
+
+  # Section 5.4.1 of RFC 3986
+  it "when joined with '?y' should resolve to http://a/b/c/d;p?y" do
+    expect((@uri + "?y").to_s).to eq("http://a/b/c/d;p?y")
+    expect(Addressable::URI.join(@uri.to_s, "?y").to_s).to eq("http://a/b/c/d;p?y")
+  end
+
+  # Section 5.4.1 of RFC 3986
+  it "when joined with 'g?y' should resolve to http://a/b/c/g?y" do
+    expect((@uri + "g?y").to_s).to eq("http://a/b/c/g?y")
+    expect(Addressable::URI.join(@uri.to_s, "g?y").to_s).to eq("http://a/b/c/g?y")
+  end
+
+  # Section 5.4.1 of RFC 3986
+  it "when joined with '#s' should resolve to http://a/b/c/d;p?q#s" do
+    expect((@uri + "#s").to_s).to eq("http://a/b/c/d;p?q#s")
+    expect(Addressable::URI.join(@uri.to_s, "#s").to_s).to eq(
+      "http://a/b/c/d;p?q#s"
+    )
+  end
+
+  # Section 5.4.1 of RFC 3986
+  it "when joined with 'g#s' should resolve to http://a/b/c/g#s" do
+    expect((@uri + "g#s").to_s).to eq("http://a/b/c/g#s")
+    expect(Addressable::URI.join(@uri.to_s, "g#s").to_s).to eq("http://a/b/c/g#s")
+  end
+
+  # Section 5.4.1 of RFC 3986
+  it "when joined with 'g?y#s' should resolve to http://a/b/c/g?y#s" do
+    expect((@uri + "g?y#s").to_s).to eq("http://a/b/c/g?y#s")
+    expect(Addressable::URI.join(
+      @uri.to_s, "g?y#s").to_s).to eq("http://a/b/c/g?y#s")
+  end
+
+  # Section 5.4.1 of RFC 3986
+  it "when joined with ';x' should resolve to http://a/b/c/;x" do
+    expect((@uri + ";x").to_s).to eq("http://a/b/c/;x")
+    expect(Addressable::URI.join(@uri.to_s, ";x").to_s).to eq("http://a/b/c/;x")
+  end
+
+  # Section 5.4.1 of RFC 3986
+  it "when joined with 'g;x' should resolve to http://a/b/c/g;x" do
+    expect((@uri + "g;x").to_s).to eq("http://a/b/c/g;x")
+    expect(Addressable::URI.join(@uri.to_s, "g;x").to_s).to eq("http://a/b/c/g;x")
+  end
+
+  # Section 5.4.1 of RFC 3986
+  it "when joined with 'g;x?y#s' should resolve to http://a/b/c/g;x?y#s" do
+    expect((@uri + "g;x?y#s").to_s).to eq("http://a/b/c/g;x?y#s")
+    expect(Addressable::URI.join(
+      @uri.to_s, "g;x?y#s").to_s).to eq("http://a/b/c/g;x?y#s")
+  end
+
+  # Section 5.4.1 of RFC 3986
+  it "when joined with '' should resolve to http://a/b/c/d;p?q" do
+    expect((@uri + "").to_s).to eq("http://a/b/c/d;p?q")
+    expect(Addressable::URI.join(@uri.to_s, "").to_s).to eq("http://a/b/c/d;p?q")
+  end
+
+  # Section 5.4.1 of RFC 3986
+  it "when joined with '.' should resolve to http://a/b/c/" do
+    expect((@uri + ".").to_s).to eq("http://a/b/c/")
+    expect(Addressable::URI.join(@uri.to_s, ".").to_s).to eq("http://a/b/c/")
+  end
+
+  # Section 5.4.1 of RFC 3986
+  it "when joined with './' should resolve to http://a/b/c/" do
+    expect((@uri + "./").to_s).to eq("http://a/b/c/")
+    expect(Addressable::URI.join(@uri.to_s, "./").to_s).to eq("http://a/b/c/")
+  end
+
+  # Section 5.4.1 of RFC 3986
+  it "when joined with '..' should resolve to http://a/b/" do
+    expect((@uri + "..").to_s).to eq("http://a/b/")
+    expect(Addressable::URI.join(@uri.to_s, "..").to_s).to eq("http://a/b/")
+  end
+
+  # Section 5.4.1 of RFC 3986
+  it "when joined with '../' should resolve to http://a/b/" do
+    expect((@uri + "../").to_s).to eq("http://a/b/")
+    expect(Addressable::URI.join(@uri.to_s, "../").to_s).to eq("http://a/b/")
+  end
+
+  # Section 5.4.1 of RFC 3986
+  it "when joined with '../g' should resolve to http://a/b/g" do
+    expect((@uri + "../g").to_s).to eq("http://a/b/g")
+    expect(Addressable::URI.join(@uri.to_s, "../g").to_s).to eq("http://a/b/g")
+  end
+
+  # Section 5.4.1 of RFC 3986
+  it "when joined with '../..' should resolve to http://a/" do
+    expect((@uri + "../..").to_s).to eq("http://a/")
+    expect(Addressable::URI.join(@uri.to_s, "../..").to_s).to eq("http://a/")
+  end
+
+  # Section 5.4.1 of RFC 3986
+  it "when joined with '../../' should resolve to http://a/" do
+    expect((@uri + "../../").to_s).to eq("http://a/")
+    expect(Addressable::URI.join(@uri.to_s, "../../").to_s).to eq("http://a/")
+  end
+
+  # Section 5.4.1 of RFC 3986
+  it "when joined with '../../g' should resolve to http://a/g" do
+    expect((@uri + "../../g").to_s).to eq("http://a/g")
+    expect(Addressable::URI.join(@uri.to_s, "../../g").to_s).to eq("http://a/g")
+  end
+
+  # Section 5.4.2 of RFC 3986
+  it "when joined with '../../../g' should resolve to http://a/g" do
+    expect((@uri + "../../../g").to_s).to eq("http://a/g")
+    expect(Addressable::URI.join(@uri.to_s, "../../../g").to_s).to eq("http://a/g")
+  end
+
+  it "when joined with '../.././../g' should resolve to http://a/g" do
+    expect((@uri + "../.././../g").to_s).to eq("http://a/g")
+    expect(Addressable::URI.join(@uri.to_s, "../.././../g").to_s).to eq(
+      "http://a/g"
+    )
+  end
+
+  # Section 5.4.2 of RFC 3986
+  it "when joined with '../../../../g' should resolve to http://a/g" do
+    expect((@uri + "../../../../g").to_s).to eq("http://a/g")
+    expect(Addressable::URI.join(
+      @uri.to_s, "../../../../g").to_s).to eq("http://a/g")
+  end
+
+  # Section 5.4.2 of RFC 3986
+  it "when joined with '/./g' should resolve to http://a/g" do
+    expect((@uri + "/./g").to_s).to eq("http://a/g")
+    expect(Addressable::URI.join(@uri.to_s, "/./g").to_s).to eq("http://a/g")
+  end
+
+  # Section 5.4.2 of RFC 3986
+  it "when joined with '/../g' should resolve to http://a/g" do
+    expect((@uri + "/../g").to_s).to eq("http://a/g")
+    expect(Addressable::URI.join(@uri.to_s, "/../g").to_s).to eq("http://a/g")
+  end
+
+  # Section 5.4.2 of RFC 3986
+  it "when joined with 'g.' should resolve to http://a/b/c/g." do
+    expect((@uri + "g.").to_s).to eq("http://a/b/c/g.")
+    expect(Addressable::URI.join(@uri.to_s, "g.").to_s).to eq("http://a/b/c/g.")
+  end
+
+  # Section 5.4.2 of RFC 3986
+  it "when joined with '.g' should resolve to http://a/b/c/.g" do
+    expect((@uri + ".g").to_s).to eq("http://a/b/c/.g")
+    expect(Addressable::URI.join(@uri.to_s, ".g").to_s).to eq("http://a/b/c/.g")
+  end
+
+  # Section 5.4.2 of RFC 3986
+  it "when joined with 'g..' should resolve to http://a/b/c/g.." do
+    expect((@uri + "g..").to_s).to eq("http://a/b/c/g..")
+    expect(Addressable::URI.join(@uri.to_s, "g..").to_s).to eq("http://a/b/c/g..")
+  end
+
+  # Section 5.4.2 of RFC 3986
+  it "when joined with '..g' should resolve to http://a/b/c/..g" do
+    expect((@uri + "..g").to_s).to eq("http://a/b/c/..g")
+    expect(Addressable::URI.join(@uri.to_s, "..g").to_s).to eq("http://a/b/c/..g")
+  end
+
+  # Section 5.4.2 of RFC 3986
+  it "when joined with './../g' should resolve to http://a/b/g" do
+    expect((@uri + "./../g").to_s).to eq("http://a/b/g")
+    expect(Addressable::URI.join(@uri.to_s, "./../g").to_s).to eq("http://a/b/g")
+  end
+
+  # Section 5.4.2 of RFC 3986
+  it "when joined with './g/.' should resolve to http://a/b/c/g/" do
+    expect((@uri + "./g/.").to_s).to eq("http://a/b/c/g/")
+    expect(Addressable::URI.join(@uri.to_s, "./g/.").to_s).to eq("http://a/b/c/g/")
+  end
+
+  # Section 5.4.2 of RFC 3986
+  it "when joined with 'g/./h' should resolve to http://a/b/c/g/h" do
+    expect((@uri + "g/./h").to_s).to eq("http://a/b/c/g/h")
+    expect(Addressable::URI.join(@uri.to_s, "g/./h").to_s).to eq("http://a/b/c/g/h")
+  end
+
+  # Section 5.4.2 of RFC 3986
+  it "when joined with 'g/../h' should resolve to http://a/b/c/h" do
+    expect((@uri + "g/../h").to_s).to eq("http://a/b/c/h")
+    expect(Addressable::URI.join(@uri.to_s, "g/../h").to_s).to eq("http://a/b/c/h")
+  end
+
+  # Section 5.4.2 of RFC 3986
+  it "when joined with 'g;x=1/./y' " +
+      "should resolve to http://a/b/c/g;x=1/y" do
+    expect((@uri + "g;x=1/./y").to_s).to eq("http://a/b/c/g;x=1/y")
+    expect(Addressable::URI.join(
+      @uri.to_s, "g;x=1/./y").to_s).to eq("http://a/b/c/g;x=1/y")
+  end
+
+  # Section 5.4.2 of RFC 3986
+  it "when joined with 'g;x=1/../y' should resolve to http://a/b/c/y" do
+    expect((@uri + "g;x=1/../y").to_s).to eq("http://a/b/c/y")
+    expect(Addressable::URI.join(
+      @uri.to_s, "g;x=1/../y").to_s).to eq("http://a/b/c/y")
+  end
+
+  # Section 5.4.2 of RFC 3986
+  it "when joined with 'g?y/./x' " +
+      "should resolve to http://a/b/c/g?y/./x" do
+    expect((@uri + "g?y/./x").to_s).to eq("http://a/b/c/g?y/./x")
+    expect(Addressable::URI.join(
+      @uri.to_s, "g?y/./x").to_s).to eq("http://a/b/c/g?y/./x")
+  end
+
+  # Section 5.4.2 of RFC 3986
+  it "when joined with 'g?y/../x' " +
+      "should resolve to http://a/b/c/g?y/../x" do
+    expect((@uri + "g?y/../x").to_s).to eq("http://a/b/c/g?y/../x")
+    expect(Addressable::URI.join(
+      @uri.to_s, "g?y/../x").to_s).to eq("http://a/b/c/g?y/../x")
+  end
+
+  # Section 5.4.2 of RFC 3986
+  it "when joined with 'g#s/./x' " +
+      "should resolve to http://a/b/c/g#s/./x" do
+    expect((@uri + "g#s/./x").to_s).to eq("http://a/b/c/g#s/./x")
+    expect(Addressable::URI.join(
+      @uri.to_s, "g#s/./x").to_s).to eq("http://a/b/c/g#s/./x")
+  end
+
+  # Section 5.4.2 of RFC 3986
+  it "when joined with 'g#s/../x' " +
+      "should resolve to http://a/b/c/g#s/../x" do
+    expect((@uri + "g#s/../x").to_s).to eq("http://a/b/c/g#s/../x")
+    expect(Addressable::URI.join(
+      @uri.to_s, "g#s/../x").to_s).to eq("http://a/b/c/g#s/../x")
+  end
+
+  # Section 5.4.2 of RFC 3986
+  it "when joined with 'http:g' should resolve to http:g" do
+    expect((@uri + "http:g").to_s).to eq("http:g")
+    expect(Addressable::URI.join(@uri.to_s, "http:g").to_s).to eq("http:g")
+  end
+
+  # Edge case to be sure
+  it "when joined with '//example.com/' should " +
+      "resolve to http://example.com/" do
+    expect((@uri + "//example.com/").to_s).to eq("http://example.com/")
+    expect(Addressable::URI.join(
+      @uri.to_s, "//example.com/").to_s).to eq("http://example.com/")
+  end
+
+  it "when joined with a bogus object a TypeError should be raised" do
+    expect(lambda do
+      Addressable::URI.join(@uri, 42)
+    end).to raise_error(TypeError)
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when converting the path " +
+    "'relative/path/to/something'" do
+  before do
+    @path = 'relative/path/to/something'
+  end
+
+  it "should convert to " +
+      "\'relative/path/to/something\'" do
+    @uri = Addressable::URI.convert_path(@path)
+    expect(@uri.to_str).to eq("relative/path/to/something")
+  end
+
+  it "should join with an absolute file path correctly" do
+    @base = Addressable::URI.convert_path("/absolute/path/")
+    @uri = Addressable::URI.convert_path(@path)
+    expect((@base + @uri).to_str).to eq(
+      "file:///absolute/path/relative/path/to/something"
+    )
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when converting a bogus path" do
+  it "should raise a TypeError" do
+    expect(lambda do
+      Addressable::URI.convert_path(42)
+    end).to raise_error(TypeError)
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when given a UNIX root directory" do
+  before do
+    @path = "/"
+  end
+
+  it "should convert to \'file:///\'" do
+    @uri = Addressable::URI.convert_path(@path)
+    expect(@uri.to_str).to eq("file:///")
+  end
+
+  it "should have an origin of 'file://'" do
+    @uri = Addressable::URI.convert_path(@path)
+    expect(@uri.origin).to eq('file://')
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when given a Windows root directory" do
+  before do
+    @path = "C:\\"
+  end
+
+  it "should convert to \'file:///c:/\'" do
+    @uri = Addressable::URI.convert_path(@path)
+    expect(@uri.to_str).to eq("file:///c:/")
+  end
+
+  it "should have an origin of 'file://'" do
+    @uri = Addressable::URI.convert_path(@path)
+    expect(@uri.origin).to eq('file://')
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when given the path '/one/two/'" do
+  before do
+    @path = '/one/two/'
+  end
+
+  it "should convert to " +
+      "\'file:///one/two/\'" do
+    @uri = Addressable::URI.convert_path(@path)
+    expect(@uri.to_str).to eq("file:///one/two/")
+  end
+
+  it "should have an origin of 'file://'" do
+    @uri = Addressable::URI.convert_path(@path)
+    expect(@uri.origin).to eq('file://')
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when given the path " +
+    "'c:\\windows\\My Documents 100%20\\foo.txt'" do
+  before do
+    @path = "c:\\windows\\My Documents 100%20\\foo.txt"
+  end
+
+  it "should convert to " +
+      "\'file:///c:/windows/My%20Documents%20100%20/foo.txt\'" do
+    @uri = Addressable::URI.convert_path(@path)
+    expect(@uri.to_str).to eq("file:///c:/windows/My%20Documents%20100%20/foo.txt")
+  end
+
+  it "should have an origin of 'file://'" do
+    @uri = Addressable::URI.convert_path(@path)
+    expect(@uri.origin).to eq('file://')
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when given the path " +
+    "'file://c:\\windows\\My Documents 100%20\\foo.txt'" do
+  before do
+    @path = "file://c:\\windows\\My Documents 100%20\\foo.txt"
+  end
+
+  it "should convert to " +
+      "\'file:///c:/windows/My%20Documents%20100%20/foo.txt\'" do
+    @uri = Addressable::URI.convert_path(@path)
+    expect(@uri.to_str).to eq("file:///c:/windows/My%20Documents%20100%20/foo.txt")
+  end
+
+  it "should have an origin of 'file://'" do
+    @uri = Addressable::URI.convert_path(@path)
+    expect(@uri.origin).to eq('file://')
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when given the path " +
+    "'file:c:\\windows\\My Documents 100%20\\foo.txt'" do
+  before do
+    @path = "file:c:\\windows\\My Documents 100%20\\foo.txt"
+  end
+
+  it "should convert to " +
+      "\'file:///c:/windows/My%20Documents%20100%20/foo.txt\'" do
+    @uri = Addressable::URI.convert_path(@path)
+    expect(@uri.to_str).to eq("file:///c:/windows/My%20Documents%20100%20/foo.txt")
+  end
+
+  it "should have an origin of 'file://'" do
+    @uri = Addressable::URI.convert_path(@path)
+    expect(@uri.origin).to eq('file://')
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when given the path " +
+    "'file:/c:\\windows\\My Documents 100%20\\foo.txt'" do
+  before do
+    @path = "file:/c:\\windows\\My Documents 100%20\\foo.txt"
+  end
+
+  it "should convert to " +
+      "\'file:///c:/windows/My%20Documents%20100%20/foo.txt\'" do
+    @uri = Addressable::URI.convert_path(@path)
+    expect(@uri.to_str).to eq("file:///c:/windows/My%20Documents%20100%20/foo.txt")
+  end
+
+  it "should have an origin of 'file://'" do
+    @uri = Addressable::URI.convert_path(@path)
+    expect(@uri.origin).to eq('file://')
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when given the path " +
+    "'file:///c|/windows/My%20Documents%20100%20/foo.txt'" do
+  before do
+    @path = "file:///c|/windows/My%20Documents%20100%20/foo.txt"
+  end
+
+  it "should convert to " +
+      "\'file:///c:/windows/My%20Documents%20100%20/foo.txt\'" do
+    @uri = Addressable::URI.convert_path(@path)
+    expect(@uri.to_str).to eq("file:///c:/windows/My%20Documents%20100%20/foo.txt")
+  end
+
+  it "should have an origin of 'file://'" do
+    @uri = Addressable::URI.convert_path(@path)
+    expect(@uri.origin).to eq('file://')
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when given an http protocol URI" do
+  before do
+    @path = "http://example.com/"
+  end
+
+  it "should not do any conversion at all" do
+    @uri = Addressable::URI.convert_path(@path)
+    expect(@uri.to_str).to eq("http://example.com/")
+  end
+end
+
+class SuperString
+  def initialize(string)
+    @string = string.to_s
+  end
+
+  def to_str
+    return @string
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when parsing a non-String object" do
+  it "should correctly parse anything with a 'to_str' method" do
+    Addressable::URI.parse(SuperString.new(42))
+  end
+
+  it "should raise a TypeError for objects than cannot be converted" do
+    expect(lambda do
+      Addressable::URI.parse(42)
+    end).to raise_error(TypeError)
+  end
+
+  it "should correctly parse heuristically anything with a 'to_str' method" do
+    Addressable::URI.heuristic_parse(SuperString.new(42))
+  end
+
+  it "should raise a TypeError for objects than cannot be converted" do
+    expect(lambda do
+      Addressable::URI.heuristic_parse(42)
+    end).to raise_error(TypeError)
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when form encoding a hash" do
+  it "should result in correct percent encoded sequence" do
+    expect(Addressable::URI.form_encode(
+      [["&one", "/1"], ["=two", "?2"], [":three", "#3"]]
+    )).to eq("%26one=%2F1&%3Dtwo=%3F2&%3Athree=%233")
+  end
+
+  it "should result in correct percent encoded sequence" do
+    expect(Addressable::URI.form_encode(
+      {"q" => "one two three"}
+    )).to eq("q=one+two+three")
+  end
+
+  it "should result in correct percent encoded sequence" do
+    expect(Addressable::URI.form_encode(
+      {"key" => nil}
+    )).to eq("key=")
+  end
+
+  it "should result in correct percent encoded sequence" do
+    expect(Addressable::URI.form_encode(
+      {"q" => ["one", "two", "three"]}
+    )).to eq("q=one&q=two&q=three")
+  end
+
+  it "should result in correctly encoded newlines" do
+    expect(Addressable::URI.form_encode(
+      {"text" => "one\ntwo\rthree\r\nfour\n\r"}
+    )).to eq("text=one%0D%0Atwo%0D%0Athree%0D%0Afour%0D%0A%0D%0A")
+  end
+
+  it "should result in a sorted percent encoded sequence" do
+    expect(Addressable::URI.form_encode(
+      [["a", "1"], ["dup", "3"], ["dup", "2"]], true
+    )).to eq("a=1&dup=2&dup=3")
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when form encoding a non-Array object" do
+  it "should raise a TypeError for objects than cannot be converted" do
+    expect(lambda do
+      Addressable::URI.form_encode(42)
+    end).to raise_error(TypeError)
+  end
+end
+
+# See https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6749#appendix-B
+describe Addressable::URI, "when form encoding the example value from OAuth 2" do
+  it "should result in correct values" do
+    expect(Addressable::URI.form_encode(
+      {"value" => " %&+£€"}
+    )).to eq("value=+%25%26%2B%C2%A3%E2%82%AC")
+  end
+end
+
+# See https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6749#appendix-B
+describe Addressable::URI, "when form unencoding the example value from OAuth 2" do
+  it "should result in correct values" do
+    expect(Addressable::URI.form_unencode(
+      "value=+%25%26%2B%C2%A3%E2%82%AC"
+    )).to eq([["value", " %&+£€"]])
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when form unencoding a string" do
+  it "should result in correct values" do
+    expect(Addressable::URI.form_unencode(
+      "%26one=%2F1&%3Dtwo=%3F2&%3Athree=%233"
+    )).to eq([["&one", "/1"], ["=two", "?2"], [":three", "#3"]])
+  end
+
+  it "should result in correct values" do
+    expect(Addressable::URI.form_unencode(
+      "q=one+two+three"
+    )).to eq([["q", "one two three"]])
+  end
+
+  it "should result in correct values" do
+    expect(Addressable::URI.form_unencode(
+      "text=one%0D%0Atwo%0D%0Athree%0D%0Afour%0D%0A%0D%0A"
+    )).to eq([["text", "one\ntwo\nthree\nfour\n\n"]])
+  end
+
+  it "should result in correct values" do
+    expect(Addressable::URI.form_unencode(
+      "a=1&dup=2&dup=3"
+    )).to eq([["a", "1"], ["dup", "2"], ["dup", "3"]])
+  end
+
+  it "should result in correct values" do
+    expect(Addressable::URI.form_unencode(
+      "key"
+    )).to eq([["key", nil]])
+  end
+
+  it "should result in correct values" do
+    expect(Addressable::URI.form_unencode("GivenName=Ren%C3%A9")).to eq(
+      [["GivenName", "René"]]
+    )
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when form unencoding a non-String object" do
+  it "should correctly parse anything with a 'to_str' method" do
+    Addressable::URI.form_unencode(SuperString.new(42))
+  end
+
+  it "should raise a TypeError for objects than cannot be converted" do
+    expect(lambda do
+      Addressable::URI.form_unencode(42)
+    end).to raise_error(TypeError)
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when normalizing a non-String object" do
+  it "should correctly parse anything with a 'to_str' method" do
+    Addressable::URI.normalize_component(SuperString.new(42))
+  end
+
+  it "should raise a TypeError for objects than cannot be converted" do
+    expect(lambda do
+      Addressable::URI.normalize_component(42)
+    end).to raise_error(TypeError)
+  end
+
+  it "should raise a TypeError for objects than cannot be converted" do
+    expect(lambda do
+      Addressable::URI.normalize_component("component", 42)
+    end).to raise_error(TypeError)
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when normalizing a path with an encoded slash" do
+  it "should result in correct percent encoded sequence" do
+    expect(Addressable::URI.parse("/path%2Fsegment/").normalize.path).to eq(
+      "/path%2Fsegment/"
+    )
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when normalizing a partially encoded string" do
+  it "should result in correct percent encoded sequence" do
+    expect(Addressable::URI.normalize_component(
+      "partially % encoded%21"
+    )).to eq("partially%20%25%20encoded!")
+  end
+
+  it "should result in correct percent encoded sequence" do
+    expect(Addressable::URI.normalize_component(
+      "partially %25 encoded!"
+    )).to eq("partially%20%25%20encoded!")
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when normalizing a unicode sequence" do
+  it "should result in correct percent encoded sequence" do
+    expect(Addressable::URI.normalize_component(
+      "/C%CC%A7"
+    )).to eq("/%C3%87")
+  end
+
+  it "should result in correct percent encoded sequence" do
+    expect(Addressable::URI.normalize_component(
+      "/%C3%87"
+    )).to eq("/%C3%87")
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when normalizing a multibyte string" do
+  it "should result in correct percent encoded sequence" do
+    expect(Addressable::URI.normalize_component("günther")).to eq(
+      "g%C3%BCnther"
+    )
+  end
+
+  it "should result in correct percent encoded sequence" do
+    expect(Addressable::URI.normalize_component("g%C3%BCnther")).to eq(
+      "g%C3%BCnther"
+    )
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when normalizing a string but leaving some characters encoded" do
+  it "should result in correct percent encoded sequence" do
+    expect(Addressable::URI.normalize_component("%58X%59Y%5AZ", "0-9a-zXY", "Y")).to eq(
+      "XX%59Y%5A%5A"
+    )
+  end
+
+  it "should not modify the character class" do
+    character_class = "0-9a-zXY"
+
+    character_class_copy = character_class.dup
+
+    Addressable::URI.normalize_component("%58X%59Y%5AZ", character_class, "Y")
+
+    expect(character_class).to eq(character_class_copy)
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when encoding a string with existing encodings to upcase" do
+  it "should result in correct percent encoded sequence" do
+    expect(Addressable::URI.encode_component("JK%4c", "0-9A-IKM-Za-z%", "L")).to eq("%4AK%4C")
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when encoding a multibyte string" do
+  it "should result in correct percent encoded sequence" do
+    expect(Addressable::URI.encode_component("günther")).to eq("g%C3%BCnther")
+  end
+
+  it "should result in correct percent encoded sequence" do
+    expect(Addressable::URI.encode_component(
+      "günther", /[^a-zA-Z0-9\:\/\?\#\[\]\@\!\$\&\'\(\)\*\+\,\;\=\-\.\_\~]/
+    )).to eq("g%C3%BCnther")
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when form encoding a multibyte string" do
+  it "should result in correct percent encoded sequence" do
+    expect(Addressable::URI.form_encode({"GivenName" => "René"})).to eq(
+      "GivenName=Ren%C3%A9"
+    )
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when encoding a string with ASCII chars 0-15" do
+  it "should result in correct percent encoded sequence" do
+    expect(Addressable::URI.encode_component("one\ntwo")).to eq("one%0Atwo")
+  end
+
+  it "should result in correct percent encoded sequence" do
+    expect(Addressable::URI.encode_component(
+      "one\ntwo", /[^a-zA-Z0-9\:\/\?\#\[\]\@\!\$\&\'\(\)\*\+\,\;\=\-\.\_\~]/
+    )).to eq("one%0Atwo")
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when unencoding a multibyte string" do
+  it "should result in correct percent encoded sequence" do
+    expect(Addressable::URI.unencode_component("g%C3%BCnther")).to eq("günther")
+  end
+
+  it "should consistently use UTF-8 internally" do
+    expect(Addressable::URI.unencode_component("ski=%BA%DAɫ")).to eq("ski=\xBA\xDAɫ")
+  end
+
+  it "should result in correct percent encoded sequence as a URI" do
+    expect(Addressable::URI.unencode(
+      "/path?g%C3%BCnther", ::Addressable::URI
+    )).to eq(Addressable::URI.new(
+      :path => "/path", :query => "günther"
+    ))
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when partially unencoding a string" do
+  it "should unencode all characters by default" do
+    expect(Addressable::URI.unencode('%%25~%7e+%2b', String)).to eq('%%~~++')
+  end
+
+  it "should unencode characters not in leave_encoded" do
+    expect(Addressable::URI.unencode('%%25~%7e+%2b', String, '~')).to eq('%%~%7e++')
+  end
+
+  it "should leave characters in leave_encoded alone" do
+    expect(Addressable::URI.unencode('%%25~%7e+%2b', String, '%~+')).to eq('%%25~%7e+%2b')
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when unencoding a bogus object" do
+  it "should raise a TypeError" do
+    expect(lambda do
+      Addressable::URI.unencode_component(42)
+    end).to raise_error(TypeError)
+  end
+
+  it "should raise a TypeError" do
+    expect(lambda do
+      Addressable::URI.unencode("/path?g%C3%BCnther", Integer)
+    end).to raise_error(TypeError)
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when encoding a bogus object" do
+  it "should raise a TypeError" do
+    expect(lambda do
+      Addressable::URI.encode(Object.new)
+    end).to raise_error(TypeError)
+  end
+
+  it "should raise a TypeError" do
+    expect(lambda do
+      Addressable::URI.normalized_encode(Object.new)
+    end).to raise_error(TypeError)
+  end
+
+  it "should raise a TypeError" do
+    expect(lambda do
+      Addressable::URI.encode_component("günther", Object.new)
+    end).to raise_error(TypeError)
+  end
+
+  it "should raise a TypeError" do
+    expect(lambda do
+      Addressable::URI.encode_component(Object.new)
+    end).to raise_error(TypeError)
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when given the input " +
+    "'http://example.com/'" do
+  before do
+    @input = "http://example.com/"
+  end
+
+  it "should heuristically parse to 'http://example.com/'" do
+    @uri = Addressable::URI.heuristic_parse(@input)
+    expect(@uri.to_s).to eq("http://example.com/")
+  end
+
+  it "should not raise error when frozen" do
+    expect(lambda do
+      Addressable::URI.heuristic_parse(@input).freeze.to_s
+    end).not_to raise_error
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when given the input " +
+    "'https://example.com/'" do
+  before do
+    @input = "https://example.com/"
+  end
+
+  it "should heuristically parse to 'https://example.com/'" do
+    @uri = Addressable::URI.heuristic_parse(@input)
+    expect(@uri.to_s).to eq("https://example.com/")
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when given the input " +
+    "'http:example.com/'" do
+  before do
+    @input = "http:example.com/"
+  end
+
+  it "should heuristically parse to 'http://example.com/'" do
+    @uri = Addressable::URI.heuristic_parse(@input)
+    expect(@uri.to_s).to eq("http://example.com/")
+  end
+
+  it "should heuristically parse to 'http://example.com/' " +
+      "even with a scheme hint of 'ftp'" do
+    @uri = Addressable::URI.heuristic_parse(@input, {:scheme => 'ftp'})
+    expect(@uri.to_s).to eq("http://example.com/")
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when given the input " +
+    "'https:example.com/'" do
+  before do
+    @input = "https:example.com/"
+  end
+
+  it "should heuristically parse to 'https://example.com/'" do
+    @uri = Addressable::URI.heuristic_parse(@input)
+    expect(@uri.to_s).to eq("https://example.com/")
+  end
+
+  it "should heuristically parse to 'https://example.com/' " +
+      "even with a scheme hint of 'ftp'" do
+    @uri = Addressable::URI.heuristic_parse(@input, {:scheme => 'ftp'})
+    expect(@uri.to_s).to eq("https://example.com/")
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when given the input " +
+    "'http://example.com/example.com/'" do
+  before do
+    @input = "http://example.com/example.com/"
+  end
+
+  it "should heuristically parse to 'http://example.com/example.com/'" do
+    @uri = Addressable::URI.heuristic_parse(@input)
+    expect(@uri.to_s).to eq("http://example.com/example.com/")
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when given the input " +
+    "'http://prefix\\.example.com/'" do
+  before do
+    @input = "http://prefix\\.example.com/"
+  end
+
+  it "should heuristically parse to 'http://prefix/.example.com/'" do
+    @uri = Addressable::URI.heuristic_parse(@input)
+    expect(@uri.authority).to eq("prefix")
+    expect(@uri.to_s).to eq("http://prefix/.example.com/")
+  end
+
+  it "should heuristically parse to 'http://prefix/.example.com/' " +
+      "even with a scheme hint of 'ftp'" do
+    @uri = Addressable::URI.heuristic_parse(@input, {:scheme => 'ftp'})
+    expect(@uri.to_s).to eq("http://prefix/.example.com/")
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when given the input " +
+    "'http://p:\\/'" do
+  before do
+    @input = "http://p:\\/"
+  end
+
+  it "should heuristically parse to 'http://p//'" do
+    @uri = Addressable::URI.heuristic_parse(@input)
+    expect(@uri.authority).to eq("p")
+    expect(@uri.to_s).to eq("http://p//")
+  end
+
+  it "should heuristically parse to 'http://p//' " +
+      "even with a scheme hint of 'ftp'" do
+    @uri = Addressable::URI.heuristic_parse(@input, {:scheme => 'ftp'})
+    expect(@uri.to_s).to eq("http://p//")
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when given the input " +
+    "'http://p://'" do
+  before do
+    @input = "http://p://"
+  end
+
+  it "should heuristically parse to 'http://p//'" do
+    @uri = Addressable::URI.heuristic_parse(@input)
+    expect(@uri.authority).to eq("p")
+    expect(@uri.to_s).to eq("http://p//")
+  end
+
+  it "should heuristically parse to 'http://p//' " +
+      "even with a scheme hint of 'ftp'" do
+    @uri = Addressable::URI.heuristic_parse(@input, {:scheme => 'ftp'})
+    expect(@uri.to_s).to eq("http://p//")
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when given the input " +
+    "'http://p://p'" do
+  before do
+    @input = "http://p://p"
+  end
+
+  it "should heuristically parse to 'http://p//p'" do
+    @uri = Addressable::URI.heuristic_parse(@input)
+    expect(@uri.authority).to eq("p")
+    expect(@uri.to_s).to eq("http://p//p")
+  end
+
+  it "should heuristically parse to 'http://p//p' " +
+      "even with a scheme hint of 'ftp'" do
+    @uri = Addressable::URI.heuristic_parse(@input, {:scheme => 'ftp'})
+    expect(@uri.to_s).to eq("http://p//p")
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when given the input " +
+    "'http://prefix .example.com/'" do
+  before do
+    @input = "http://prefix .example.com/"
+  end
+
+  # Justification here being that no browser actually tries to resolve this.
+  # They all treat this as a web search.
+  it "should heuristically parse to 'http://prefix%20.example.com/'" do
+    @uri = Addressable::URI.heuristic_parse(@input)
+    expect(@uri.authority).to eq("prefix%20.example.com")
+    expect(@uri.to_s).to eq("http://prefix%20.example.com/")
+  end
+
+  it "should heuristically parse to 'http://prefix%20.example.com/' " +
+      "even with a scheme hint of 'ftp'" do
+    @uri = Addressable::URI.heuristic_parse(@input, {:scheme => 'ftp'})
+    expect(@uri.to_s).to eq("http://prefix%20.example.com/")
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when given the input " +
+    "'  http://www.example.com/  '" do
+  before do
+    @input = "  http://www.example.com/  "
+  end
+
+  it "should heuristically parse to 'http://prefix%20.example.com/'" do
+    @uri = Addressable::URI.heuristic_parse(@input)
+    expect(@uri.scheme).to eq("http")
+    expect(@uri.path).to eq("/")
+    expect(@uri.to_s).to eq("http://www.example.com/")
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when given the input " +
+    "'http://prefix%2F.example.com/'" do
+  before do
+    @input = "http://prefix%2F.example.com/"
+  end
+
+  it "should heuristically parse to 'http://prefix%2F.example.com/'" do
+    @uri = Addressable::URI.heuristic_parse(@input)
+    expect(@uri.authority).to eq("prefix%2F.example.com")
+    expect(@uri.to_s).to eq("http://prefix%2F.example.com/")
+  end
+
+  it "should heuristically parse to 'http://prefix%2F.example.com/' " +
+      "even with a scheme hint of 'ftp'" do
+    @uri = Addressable::URI.heuristic_parse(@input, {:scheme => 'ftp'})
+    expect(@uri.to_s).to eq("http://prefix%2F.example.com/")
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when given the input " +
+    "'/path/to/resource'" do
+  before do
+    @input = "/path/to/resource"
+  end
+
+  it "should heuristically parse to '/path/to/resource'" do
+    @uri = Addressable::URI.heuristic_parse(@input)
+    expect(@uri.to_s).to eq("/path/to/resource")
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when given the input " +
+    "'relative/path/to/resource'" do
+  before do
+    @input = "relative/path/to/resource"
+  end
+
+  it "should heuristically parse to 'relative/path/to/resource'" do
+    @uri = Addressable::URI.heuristic_parse(@input)
+    expect(@uri.to_s).to eq("relative/path/to/resource")
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when given the input " +
+    "'example.com'" do
+  before do
+    @input = "example.com"
+  end
+
+  it "should heuristically parse to 'http://example.com'" do
+    @uri = Addressable::URI.heuristic_parse(@input)
+    expect(@uri.to_s).to eq("http://example.com")
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when given the input " +
+    "'example.com' and a scheme hint of 'ftp'" do
+  before do
+    @input = "example.com"
+    @hints = {:scheme => 'ftp'}
+  end
+
+  it "should heuristically parse to 'http://example.com'" do
+    @uri = Addressable::URI.heuristic_parse(@input, @hints)
+    expect(@uri.to_s).to eq("ftp://example.com")
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when given the input " +
+    "'example.com:21' and a scheme hint of 'ftp'" do
+  before do
+    @input = "example.com:21"
+    @hints = {:scheme => 'ftp'}
+  end
+
+  it "should heuristically parse to 'http://example.com:21'" do
+    @uri = Addressable::URI.heuristic_parse(@input, @hints)
+    expect(@uri.to_s).to eq("ftp://example.com:21")
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when given the input " +
+    "'example.com/path/to/resource'" do
+  before do
+    @input = "example.com/path/to/resource"
+  end
+
+  it "should heuristically parse to 'http://example.com/path/to/resource'" do
+    @uri = Addressable::URI.heuristic_parse(@input)
+    expect(@uri.to_s).to eq("http://example.com/path/to/resource")
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when given the input " +
+    "'http:///example.com'" do
+  before do
+    @input = "http:///example.com"
+  end
+
+  it "should heuristically parse to 'http://example.com'" do
+    @uri = Addressable::URI.heuristic_parse(@input)
+    expect(@uri.to_s).to eq("http://example.com")
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when given the input " +
+    "'feed:///example.com'" do
+  before do
+    @input = "feed:///example.com"
+  end
+
+  it "should heuristically parse to 'feed://example.com'" do
+    @uri = Addressable::URI.heuristic_parse(@input)
+    expect(@uri.to_s).to eq("feed://example.com")
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when given the input " +
+    "'file://path/to/resource/'" do
+  before do
+    @input = "file://path/to/resource/"
+  end
+
+  it "should heuristically parse to 'file:///path/to/resource/'" do
+    @uri = Addressable::URI.heuristic_parse(@input)
+    expect(@uri.to_s).to eq("file:///path/to/resource/")
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when given the input " +
+    "'feed://http://example.com'" do
+  before do
+    @input = "feed://http://example.com"
+  end
+
+  it "should heuristically parse to 'feed:http://example.com'" do
+    @uri = Addressable::URI.heuristic_parse(@input)
+    expect(@uri.to_s).to eq("feed:http://example.com")
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when given the input " +
+    "::URI.parse('http://example.com')" do
+  before do
+    @input = ::URI.parse('http://example.com')
+  end
+
+  it "should heuristically parse to 'http://example.com'" do
+    @uri = Addressable::URI.heuristic_parse(@input)
+    expect(@uri.to_s).to eq("http://example.com")
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when assigning query values" do
+  before do
+    @uri = Addressable::URI.new
+  end
+
+  it "should correctly assign {:a => 'a', :b => ['c', 'd', 'e']}" do
+    @uri.query_values = {:a => "a", :b => ["c", "d", "e"]}
+    expect(@uri.query).to eq("a=a&b=c&b=d&b=e")
+  end
+
+  it "should raise an error attempting to assign {'a' => {'b' => ['c']}}" do
+    expect(lambda do
+      @uri.query_values = { 'a' => {'b' => ['c'] } }
+    end).to raise_error(TypeError)
+  end
+
+  it "should raise an error attempting to assign " +
+      "{:b => '2', :a => {:c => '1'}}" do
+    expect(lambda do
+      @uri.query_values = {:b => '2', :a => {:c => '1'}}
+    end).to raise_error(TypeError)
+  end
+
+  it "should raise an error attempting to assign " +
+      "{:a => 'a', :b => [{:c => 'c', :d => 'd'}, " +
+      "{:e => 'e', :f => 'f'}]}" do
+    expect(lambda do
+      @uri.query_values = {
+        :a => "a", :b => [{:c => "c", :d => "d"}, {:e => "e", :f => "f"}]
+      }
+    end).to raise_error(TypeError)
+  end
+
+  it "should raise an error attempting to assign " +
+      "{:a => 'a', :b => [{:c => true, :d => 'd'}, " +
+      "{:e => 'e', :f => 'f'}]}" do
+    expect(lambda do
+      @uri.query_values = {
+        :a => 'a', :b => [{:c => true, :d => 'd'}, {:e => 'e', :f => 'f'}]
+      }
+    end).to raise_error(TypeError)
+  end
+
+  it "should raise an error attempting to assign " +
+      "{:a => 'a', :b => {:c => true, :d => 'd'}}" do
+    expect(lambda do
+      @uri.query_values = {
+        :a => 'a', :b => {:c => true, :d => 'd'}
+      }
+    end).to raise_error(TypeError)
+  end
+
+  it "should raise an error attempting to assign " +
+      "{:a => 'a', :b => {:c => true, :d => 'd'}}" do
+    expect(lambda do
+      @uri.query_values = {
+        :a => 'a', :b => {:c => true, :d => 'd'}
+      }
+    end).to raise_error(TypeError)
+  end
+
+  it "should correctly assign {:a => 1, :b => 1.5}" do
+    @uri.query_values = { :a => 1, :b => 1.5 }
+    expect(@uri.query).to eq("a=1&b=1.5")
+  end
+
+  it "should raise an error attempting to assign " +
+      "{:z => 1, :f => [2, {999.1 => [3,'4']}, ['h', 'i']], " +
+      ":a => {:b => ['c', 'd'], :e => true, :y => 0.5}}" do
+    expect(lambda do
+      @uri.query_values = {
+        :z => 1,
+        :f => [ 2, {999.1 => [3,'4']}, ['h', 'i'] ],
+        :a => { :b => ['c', 'd'], :e => true, :y => 0.5 }
+      }
+    end).to raise_error(TypeError)
+  end
+
+  it "should correctly assign {}" do
+    @uri.query_values = {}
+    expect(@uri.query).to eq('')
+  end
+
+  it "should correctly assign nil" do
+    @uri.query_values = nil
+    expect(@uri.query).to eq(nil)
+  end
+
+  it "should correctly sort {'ab' => 'c', :ab => 'a', :a => 'x'}" do
+    @uri.query_values = {'ab' => 'c', :ab => 'a', :a => 'x'}
+    expect(@uri.query).to eq("a=x&ab=a&ab=c")
+  end
+
+  it "should correctly assign " +
+      "[['b', 'c'], ['b', 'a'], ['a', 'a']]" do
+    # Order can be guaranteed in this format, so preserve it.
+    @uri.query_values = [['b', 'c'], ['b', 'a'], ['a', 'a']]
+    expect(@uri.query).to eq("b=c&b=a&a=a")
+  end
+
+  it "should preserve query string order" do
+    query_string = (('a'..'z').to_a.reverse.map { |e| "#{e}=#{e}" }).join("&")
+    @uri.query = query_string
+    original_uri = @uri.to_s
+    @uri.query_values = @uri.query_values(Array)
+    expect(@uri.to_s).to eq(original_uri)
+  end
+
+  describe 'when a hash with mixed types is assigned to query_values' do
+    it 'should not raise an error' do
+      skip 'Issue #94'
+      expect { subject.query_values = { "page" => "1", :page => 2 } }.to_not raise_error
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when assigning path values" do
+  before do
+    @uri = Addressable::URI.new
+  end
+
+  it "should correctly assign paths containing colons" do
+    @uri.path = "acct:bob@sporkmonger.com"
+    expect(@uri.path).to eq("acct:bob@sporkmonger.com")
+    expect(@uri.normalize.to_str).to eq("acct%2Fbob@sporkmonger.com")
+    expect(lambda { @uri.to_s }).to raise_error(
+      Addressable::URI::InvalidURIError
+    )
+  end
+
+  it "should correctly assign paths containing colons" do
+    @uri.path = "/acct:bob@sporkmonger.com"
+    @uri.authority = "example.com"
+    expect(@uri.normalize.to_str).to eq("//example.com/acct:bob@sporkmonger.com")
+  end
+
+  it "should correctly assign paths containing colons" do
+    @uri.path = "acct:bob@sporkmonger.com"
+    @uri.scheme = "something"
+    expect(@uri.normalize.to_str).to eq("something:acct:bob@sporkmonger.com")
+  end
+
+  it "should not allow relative paths to be assigned on absolute URIs" do
+    expect(lambda do
+      @uri.scheme = "http"
+      @uri.host = "example.com"
+      @uri.path = "acct:bob@sporkmonger.com"
+    end).to raise_error(Addressable::URI::InvalidURIError)
+  end
+
+  it "should not allow relative paths to be assigned on absolute URIs" do
+    expect(lambda do
+      @uri.path = "acct:bob@sporkmonger.com"
+      @uri.scheme = "http"
+      @uri.host = "example.com"
+    end).to raise_error(Addressable::URI::InvalidURIError)
+  end
+
+  it "should not allow relative paths to be assigned on absolute URIs" do
+    expect(lambda do
+      @uri.path = "uuid:0b3ecf60-3f93-11df-a9c3-001f5bfffe12"
+      @uri.scheme = "urn"
+    end).not_to raise_error
+  end
+end
+
+describe Addressable::URI, "when initializing a subclass of Addressable::URI" do
+  before do
+    @uri = Class.new(Addressable::URI).new
+  end
+
+  it "should have the same class after being parsed" do
+    expect(@uri.class).to eq(Addressable::URI.parse(@uri).class)
+  end
+
+  it "should have the same class as its duplicate" do
+    expect(@uri.class).to eq(@uri.dup.class)
+  end
+
+  it "should have the same class after being normalized" do
+    expect(@uri.class).to eq(@uri.normalize.class)
+  end
+
+  it "should have the same class after being merged" do
+    expect(@uri.class).to eq(@uri.merge(:path => 'path').class)
+  end
+
+  it "should have the same class after being joined" do
+    expect(@uri.class).to eq(@uri.join('path').class)
+  end
+end
diff --git a/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/addressable-2.5.2/spec/spec_helper.rb b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/addressable-2.5.2/spec/spec_helper.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0b538298eca6aa2a440f16eb9997bc0115d46fd3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/addressable-2.5.2/spec/spec_helper.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+require 'bundler/setup'
+require 'rspec/its'
+
+begin
+  require 'coveralls'
+  Coveralls.wear! do
+    add_filter "spec/"
+    add_filter "vendor/"
+  end
+rescue LoadError
+  warn "warning: coveralls gem not found; skipping Coveralls"
+  require 'simplecov'
+  SimpleCov.start do
+    add_filter "spec/"
+    add_filter "vendor/"
+  end
+end
+
+RSpec.configure do |config|
+  config.warnings = true
+end
diff --git a/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/addressable-2.5.2/tasks/clobber.rake b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/addressable-2.5.2/tasks/clobber.rake
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..093ce817b932b24c6f29340272c786f9c614f4d7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/addressable-2.5.2/tasks/clobber.rake
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+desc "Remove all build products"
+task "clobber"
diff --git a/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/addressable-2.5.2/tasks/gem.rake b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/addressable-2.5.2/tasks/gem.rake
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b4052c04f7a4e50a1a342c9987fb643abc18c630
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/addressable-2.5.2/tasks/gem.rake
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+require "rubygems/package_task"
+
+namespace :gem do
+  GEM_SPEC = Gem::Specification.new do |s|
+    s.name = PKG_NAME
+    s.version = PKG_VERSION
+    s.summary = PKG_SUMMARY
+    s.description = PKG_DESCRIPTION
+
+    s.files = PKG_FILES.to_a
+
+    s.has_rdoc = true
+    s.extra_rdoc_files = %w( README.md )
+    s.rdoc_options.concat ["--main",  "README.md"]
+
+    if !s.respond_to?(:add_development_dependency)
+      puts "Cannot build Gem with this version of RubyGems."
+      exit(1)
+    end
+
+    s.required_ruby_version = '>= 2.0'
+
+    s.add_runtime_dependency 'public_suffix', '>= 2.0.2', '< 4.0'
+    s.add_development_dependency 'bundler', '~> 1.0'
+
+    s.require_path = "lib"
+
+    s.author = "Bob Aman"
+    s.email = "bob@sporkmonger.com"
+    s.homepage = "https://github.com/sporkmonger/addressable"
+    s.license = "Apache-2.0"
+  end
+
+  Gem::PackageTask.new(GEM_SPEC) do |p|
+    p.gem_spec = GEM_SPEC
+    p.need_tar = true
+    p.need_zip = true
+  end
+
+  desc "Generates .gemspec file"
+  task :gemspec do
+    spec_string = GEM_SPEC.to_ruby
+    File.open("#{GEM_SPEC.name}.gemspec", 'w') do |file|
+      file.write spec_string
+    end
+  end
+
+  desc "Show information about the gem"
+  task :debug do
+    puts GEM_SPEC.to_ruby
+  end
+
+  desc "Install the gem"
+  task :install => ["clobber", "gem:package"] do
+    sh "#{SUDO} gem install --local pkg/#{GEM_SPEC.full_name}"
+  end
+
+  desc "Uninstall the gem"
+  task :uninstall do
+    installed_list = Gem.source_index.find_name(PKG_NAME)
+    if installed_list &&
+        (installed_list.collect { |s| s.version.to_s}.include?(PKG_VERSION))
+      sh(
+        "#{SUDO} gem uninstall --version '#{PKG_VERSION}' " +
+        "--ignore-dependencies --executables #{PKG_NAME}"
+      )
+    end
+  end
+
+  desc "Reinstall the gem"
+  task :reinstall => [:uninstall, :install]
+
+  desc 'Package for release'
+  task :release => ["gem:package", "gem:gemspec"] do |t|
+    v = ENV['VERSION'] or abort 'Must supply VERSION=x.y.z'
+    abort "Versions don't match #{v} vs #{PROJ.version}" if v != PKG_VERSION
+    pkg = "pkg/#{GEM_SPEC.full_name}"
+
+    changelog = File.open("CHANGELOG.md") { |file| file.read }
+
+    puts "Releasing #{PKG_NAME} v. #{PKG_VERSION}"
+    Rake::Task["git:tag:create"].invoke
+  end
+end
+
+desc "Alias to gem:package"
+task "gem" => "gem:package"
+
+task "gem:release" => "gem:gemspec"
+
+task "clobber" => ["gem:clobber_package"]
diff --git a/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/addressable-2.5.2/tasks/git.rake b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/addressable-2.5.2/tasks/git.rake
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..74ec2fd2fbd1947d920e1b9d03d5e506feba73c1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/addressable-2.5.2/tasks/git.rake
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+namespace :git do
+  namespace :tag do
+    desc "List tags from the Git repository"
+    task :list do
+      tags = `git tag -l`
+      tags.gsub!("\r", "")
+      tags = tags.split("\n").sort {|a, b| b <=> a }
+      puts tags.join("\n")
+    end
+
+    desc "Create a new tag in the Git repository"
+    task :create do
+      changelog = File.open("CHANGELOG.md", "r") { |file| file.read }
+      puts "-" * 80
+      puts changelog
+      puts "-" * 80
+      puts
+
+      v = ENV["VERSION"] or abort "Must supply VERSION=x.y.z"
+      abort "Versions don't match #{v} vs #{PKG_VERSION}" if v != PKG_VERSION
+
+      git_status = `git status`
+      if git_status !~ /^nothing to commit/
+        abort "Working directory isn't clean."
+      end
+
+      tag = "#{PKG_NAME}-#{PKG_VERSION}"
+      msg = "Release #{PKG_NAME}-#{PKG_VERSION}"
+
+      existing_tags = `git tag -l #{PKG_NAME}-*`.split('\n')
+      if existing_tags.include?(tag)
+        warn("Tag already exists, deleting...")
+        unless system "git tag -d #{tag}"
+          abort "Tag deletion failed."
+        end
+      end
+      puts "Creating git tag '#{tag}'..."
+      unless system "git tag -a -m \"#{msg}\" #{tag}"
+        abort "Tag creation failed."
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+task "gem:release" => "git:tag:create"
diff --git a/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/addressable-2.5.2/tasks/metrics.rake b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/addressable-2.5.2/tasks/metrics.rake
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..41fc5c2b98ed8b99d3eb191e813d6686ae292629
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/addressable-2.5.2/tasks/metrics.rake
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+namespace :metrics do
+  task :lines do
+    lines, codelines, total_lines, total_codelines = 0, 0, 0, 0
+    for file_name in FileList["lib/**/*.rb"]
+      f = File.open(file_name)
+      while line = f.gets
+        lines += 1
+        next if line =~ /^\s*$/
+        next if line =~ /^\s*#/
+        codelines += 1
+      end
+      puts "L: #{sprintf("%4d", lines)}, " +
+        "LOC #{sprintf("%4d", codelines)} | #{file_name}"
+      total_lines     += lines
+      total_codelines += codelines
+
+      lines, codelines = 0, 0
+    end
+
+    puts "Total: Lines #{total_lines}, LOC #{total_codelines}"
+  end
+end
diff --git a/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/addressable-2.5.2/tasks/rspec.rake b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/addressable-2.5.2/tasks/rspec.rake
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e74a6c8d4182906dad590771544de00c8fd7f7a5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/addressable-2.5.2/tasks/rspec.rake
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+require "rspec/core/rake_task"
+
+namespace :spec do
+  RSpec::Core::RakeTask.new(:simplecov) do |t|
+    t.pattern = FileList['spec/**/*_spec.rb']
+    t.rspec_opts = ['--color', '--format', 'documentation']
+  end
+
+  namespace :simplecov do
+    desc "Browse the code coverage report."
+    task :browse => "spec:simplecov" do
+      require "launchy"
+      Launchy.open("coverage/index.html")
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+desc "Alias to spec:simplecov"
+task "spec" => "spec:simplecov"
+
+task "clobber" => ["spec:clobber_simplecov"]
diff --git a/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/addressable-2.5.2/tasks/yard.rake b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/addressable-2.5.2/tasks/yard.rake
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..68e449100c763347e8adc0d20cbf92be52c26386
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/addressable-2.5.2/tasks/yard.rake
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+require "rake"
+
+begin
+  require "yard"
+  require "yard/rake/yardoc_task"
+
+  namespace :doc do
+    desc "Generate Yardoc documentation"
+    YARD::Rake::YardocTask.new do |yardoc|
+      yardoc.name = "yard"
+      yardoc.options = ["--verbose", "--markup", "markdown"]
+      yardoc.files = FileList[
+        "lib/**/*.rb", "ext/**/*.c",
+        "README.md", "CHANGELOG.md", "LICENSE.txt"
+      ].exclude(/idna/)
+    end
+  end
+
+  task "clobber" => ["doc:clobber_yard"]
+
+  desc "Alias to doc:yard"
+  task "doc" => "doc:yard"
+rescue LoadError
+  # If yard isn't available, it's not the end of the world
+  desc "Alias to doc:rdoc"
+  task "doc" => "doc:rdoc"
+end
diff --git a/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/colorator-1.1.0/Gemfile b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/colorator-1.1.0/Gemfile
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..044fba3b070651d888fa06f9e39388a9b6f4d64f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/colorator-1.1.0/Gemfile
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+source "https://rubygems.org"
+gemspec
+
+gem "rake"
+group :development do
+  gem "rspec-helpers", :require => false
+  gem "luna-rspec-formatters", :require => false
+  gem "pry", :require => false unless ENV[
+    "CI"
+  ]
+end
diff --git a/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/colorator-1.1.0/History.markdown b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/colorator-1.1.0/History.markdown
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..bac427043da7a16d2c8da6f18e032662aa848d17
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/colorator-1.1.0/History.markdown
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+## 1.1.0 / 2016-06-28
+
+### Minor Enhancements
+
+* Support jruby (#8)
+
+## 1.0.0 / 2016-04-28
+
+### Major enhancements
+
+- Merge Simple::ANSI and Colorator. (#7)
+
+### Minor Enhancements
+
+- Delete unnecessary `Symbol#to_sym` (#2)
+- Change argument name of `Enumerator#each` for better code legibility (#3)
+
+### Development Fixes
+
+- Convert to new RSpec expectation syntax (#1)
+- Fix `String#blue` result in README (#4)
+
+## 0.1 / 2013-04-13
+
+Birthday!
diff --git a/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/colorator-1.1.0/LICENSE b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/colorator-1.1.0/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b3b6be9ae11cc54788f127527527fb0d05549f93
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/colorator-1.1.0/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+The MIT License
+
+Copyright (c) Parker Moore
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+THE SOFTWARE.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/colorator-1.1.0/README.markdown b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/colorator-1.1.0/README.markdown
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9cf886dee40445a8db8154fd6621f4dfda0d0ce5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/colorator-1.1.0/README.markdown
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+# colorator
+
+Colorize your text for the terminal
+
+[![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/octopress/colorator.png?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/octopress/colorator)
+
+## Example
+
+```ruby
+"this string".red
+# => \e[31mthis string\e[0m
+"my string".blue
+# => \e[34mmy string\e[0m
+# etc...
+```
+
+## Supported Colors
+
+- `red`
+- `black`
+- `green`
+- `yellow`
+- `magenta`
+- `white`
+- `blue`
+- `cyan`
+- `bold`
+
+## Other supported Ansi methods
+
+- `clear_line`
+- `has_ansi?`, `has_color?`
+- `strip_ansi`, `strip_color`
+- `reset_ansi`, `reset_color`
+- `clear_screen`
+- `ansi_jump`
+
+## Why
+
+There are a bunch of gems that provide functionality like this, but none have
+as simple an API as this. Just call `"string".color` and your text will be
+colorized.
+
+## License
+
+MIT. Written as a single Ruby file by Brandon Mathis, converted into a gem by
+Parker Moore.
diff --git a/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/colorator-1.1.0/Rakefile b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/colorator-1.1.0/Rakefile
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b7e9ed549be37412bd2f7e90f0b33165e3052ceb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/colorator-1.1.0/Rakefile
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+require "bundler/gem_tasks"
+require "rspec/core/rake_task"
+
+RSpec::Core::RakeTask.new(:spec)
+
+task :default => :spec
diff --git a/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/colorator-1.1.0/colorator.gemspec b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/colorator-1.1.0/colorator.gemspec
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a4bd0cd04160af082121a7608663695709d2bb2d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/colorator-1.1.0/colorator.gemspec
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+# coding: utf-8
+
+require File.expand_path('lib/colorator.rb', __dir__)
+
+Gem::Specification.new do |spec|
+  spec.name        = "colorator"
+  spec.summary     = "Colorize your text in the terminal."
+  spec.version     = Colorator::VERSION
+  spec.authors     = ["Parker Moore", "Brandon Mathis"]
+  spec.email       = ["parkrmoore@gmail.com", "brandon@imathis.com"]
+  spec.homepage    = "https://github.com/octopress/colorator"
+  spec.licenses    = ["MIT"]
+
+  all                = `git ls-files -z`.split("\x0").reject { |f| f.start_with?(".") }
+  spec.files         = all.select { |f| File.basename(f) == f || f =~ %r{^(bin|lib)/} }
+  spec.executables   = spec.files.grep(%r{^bin/}) { |f| File.basename(f) }
+  spec.require_paths = ["lib"]
+
+  spec.extra_rdoc_files = ["README.markdown", "LICENSE"]
+  spec.rdoc_options     = ["--charset=UTF-8"]
+
+  spec.add_development_dependency "rspec", "~> 3.1"
+end
diff --git a/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/colorator-1.1.0/lib/colorator.rb b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/colorator-1.1.0/lib/colorator.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..107f6e3a7d499dbb3f08b0b07ab0b86cc2052a25
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/colorator-1.1.0/lib/colorator.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+$:.unshift File.dirname(__FILE__)
+
+module Colorator
+  module_function
+  VERSION = "1.1.0"
+
+  # --------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+  ANSI_MATCHR = /\x1b.*?[jkmsuABGKH]/
+  ANSI_COLORS = {
+    :black   => 30,
+    :red     => 31,
+    :green   => 32,
+    :yellow  => 33,
+    :blue    => 34,
+    :magenta => 35,
+    :cyan    => 36,
+    :white   => 37,
+    :bold    => 1
+  }
+
+  # --------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  # Allows you to check if a string currently has ansi.
+  # --------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+  def has_ansi?(str)
+    str.match(ANSI_MATCHR).is_a?(
+      MatchData
+    )
+  end
+
+  # --------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  # Jump the cursor, moving it up and then back down to it's spot, allowing
+  # you to do fancy things like multiple output (downloads) the way that Docker
+  # does them in an async way without breaking term.
+  # --------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+  def ansi_jump(str, num)
+    "\x1b[#{num}A#{clear_line(str)}\x1b[#{
+      num
+    }B"
+  end
+
+  # --------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+  def reset_ansi(str = "")
+    "\x1b[0m#{
+      str
+    }"
+  end
+
+  # --------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+  def clear_line(str = "")
+    "\x1b[2K\r#{
+      str
+    }"
+  end
+
+  # --------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  # Strip ANSI from the current string, making it just a normal string.
+  # --------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+  def strip_ansi(str)
+    str.gsub(
+      ANSI_MATCHR, ""
+    )
+  end
+
+  # --------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  # Clear the screen's current view, so the user gets a clean output.
+  # --------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+  def clear_screen(str = "")
+    "\x1b[H\x1b[2J#{
+      str
+    }"
+  end
+
+  # --------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+  def colorize(str = "", color)
+    "\x1b[#{color}m#{str}\x1b[0m"
+  end
+
+  # --------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+  Colorator::ANSI_COLORS.each do |color, code|
+    define_singleton_method color do |str|
+      colorize(
+        str, code
+      )
+    end
+  end
+
+  # --------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+  class << self
+    alias reset_color reset_ansi
+    alias strip_color strip_ansi
+    alias has_color? has_ansi?
+  end
+
+  # --------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+  CORE_METHODS = (
+    public_methods - Object.methods
+  )
+end
+
+require "colorator/core_ext"
diff --git a/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/colorator-1.1.0/lib/colorator/core_ext.rb b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/colorator-1.1.0/lib/colorator/core_ext.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f2e0bf0d9411c664c9bf075664879f70690ac282
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/colorator-1.1.0/lib/colorator/core_ext.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+class String
+  Colorator::CORE_METHODS.each do |method|
+    define_method method do |*args|
+      Colorator.public_send(method,
+        self, *args
+      )
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/.gitignore b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8a552812ad399e58f71bba5b29c684aead91e0b4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+doc/
+bin/
+.yardoc
+*.orig
+nbproject/private
+pkg
+*.orig
+*.rej
+*.patch
+*.diff
+build
+*.so
+*.[oa]
+core
+lib/ffi/types.conf
+lib/ffi_c.bundle
+lib/ffi_c.so
+vendor
+.bundle
+Gemfile.lock
+types_log
+*.gem
diff --git a/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/.gitmodules b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/.gitmodules
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..fd11f34a2e13131a17e318800740fbf740eccacd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/.gitmodules
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+[submodule "ext/ffi_c/libffi"]
+	path = ext/ffi_c/libffi
+	url = https://github.com/libffi/libffi.git
diff --git a/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/.travis.yml b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/.travis.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f2537efb7a9fc8bd4c48eb058922aaea72bc7c0e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/.travis.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+dist: trusty
+sudo: false
+group: beta
+language: ruby
+before_install:
+  - gem install bundler
+script:
+  - bundle exec rake compile || bundle exec rake compile
+  - bundle exec rake test
+os:
+  - linux
+  - osx
+rvm:
+  - 1.9.3
+  - 2.0.0
+  - 2.1
+  - 2.2.8
+  - 2.3.5
+  - 2.4.3
+  - 2.5.0
+  - ruby-head
+  - rbx
+  - system
+env:
+  - CC=gcc
+  - CC=clang
+matrix:
+  allow_failures:
+    - rvm: system
+    - os: osx
+      rvm: 2.0.0
+    - os: osx
+      rvm: ruby-head
+    - rvm: rbx
+    - rvm: rbx-head
+    - rvm: 1.9.3
+  exclude: # ruby 2.4.2 needs build with xcode9 or later on osx
+    - os: osx
+      rvm: 2.4.2
+  include:
+    - os: osx
+      osx_image: xcode9.1
+      rvm: 2.4.2
+      env:
+      - CC=gcc
+    - os: osx
+      osx_image: xcode9.1
+      rvm: 2.4.2
+      env:
+      - CC=clang
+after_failure:
+  - "find build -name mkmf.log | xargs cat"
diff --git a/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/.yardopts b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/.yardopts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8ef32b9f34e36ab0bd6569595d1d9ec4f675c2cb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/.yardopts
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+--title "Ruby FFI"
+--charset UTF-8
+--private
+lib/**/*.rb
+ext/**/*.c
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/CHANGELOG.md b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/CHANGELOG.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1fabe5a28557f2fdc2122fad584867c7007b4ab8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+1.9.25 / 2018-06-03
+-------------------
+
+Changed:
+* Revert closures via libffi.
+  This re-adds ClosurePool and fixes compat with SELinux enabled systems. #621
+
+
+1.9.24 / 2018-06-02
+-------------------
+
+Added:
+* Added a CHANGELOG file
+* Add mips64(eb) support, and mips r6 support. (#601)
+
+Changed:
+* Update libffi to latest changes on master.
+* Don't search in hardcoded /usr paths on Windows.
+* Don't treat Symbol args different to Strings in ffi_lib.
+* Make sure size_t is defined in Thread.c. Fixes #609
+
+
+1.9.23 / 2018-02-25
+-------------------
+
+Changed:
+* Fix unnecessary rebuild of configure in darwin multi arch. Fixes #605
+
+
+1.9.22 / 2018-02-22
+-------------------
+
+Changed:
+* Update libffi to latest changes on master.
+* Update detection of system libffi to match new requirements. Fixes #617
+* Prefer bundled libffi over system libffi on Mac OS.
+* Do closures via libffi. This removes ClosurePool and fixes compat with PaX. #540
+* Use a more deterministic gem packaging.
+* Fix unnecessary update of autoconf files at gem install.
+
+
+1.9.21 / 2018-02-06
+-------------------
+
+Added:
+* Ruby-2.5 support by Windows binary gems. Fixes #598
+* Add missing win64 types.
+* Added support for Bitmask. (#573)
+* Add support for MSYS2 (#572) and Sparc64 Linux. (#574)
+
+Changed:
+* Fix read_string to not throw an error on length 0.
+* Don't use absolute paths for sh and env. Fixes usage on Adroid #528
+* Use Ruby implementation for `which` for better compat with Windows. Fixes #315
+* Fix compatibility with PPC64LE platform. (#577)
+* Normalize sparc64 to sparcv9. (#575)
+
+Removed:
+* Drop Ruby 1.8.7 support (#480)
+
+
+1.9.18 / 2017-03-03
+-------------------
+
+Added:
+* Add compatibility with Ruby-2.4.
+
+Changed:
+* Add missing shlwapi.h include to fix Windows build.
+* Avoid undefined behaviour of LoadLibrary() on Windows. #553
+
+
+1.9.17 / 2017-01-13
+-------------------
diff --git a/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/COPYING b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/COPYING
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..76223189f706c66b14382ac0c8d237b0572198b5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/COPYING
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+Copyright (c) 2008-2013, Ruby FFI project contributors
+All rights reserved.
+
+Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+    * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+      notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+    * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+      notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+      documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+    * Neither the name of the Ruby FFI project nor the
+      names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products
+      derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
+
+THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND
+ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
+WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
+DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL <COPYRIGHT HOLDER> BE LIABLE FOR ANY
+DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
+(INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
+LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND
+ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+(INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
+SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+libffi, used by this project, is licensed under the MIT license:
+
+libffi - Copyright (c) 1996-2011  Anthony Green, Red Hat, Inc and others.
+See source files for details.
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+``Software''), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED ``AS IS'', WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
+IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY
+CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT,
+TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE
+SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+
diff --git a/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/Gemfile b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/Gemfile
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..bb6c30abc36ed0fd6f707aa860cb36751289e68d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/Gemfile
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+source 'https://rubygems.org'
+
+group :development do
+  gem 'rake', '~> 10.1'
+  gem 'rake-compiler', '~> 1.0.3'
+  gem 'rake-compiler-dock', '~> 0.6.2'
+  gem 'rspec', '~> 3.0'
+  gem 'rubygems-tasks', '~> 0.2.4', :require => 'rubygems/tasks'
+  gem "rubysl", "~> 2.0", :platforms => 'rbx'
+end
+
+group :doc do
+  gem 'kramdown'
+  gem 'yard', '~> 0.9'
+end
diff --git a/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/LICENSE b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..20185fd4f5d90efeedc7aa99cc72c5b019b01a85
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+Copyright (c) 2008-2016, Ruby FFI project contributors
+All rights reserved.
+
+Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+    * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+      notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+    * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+      notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+      documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+    * Neither the name of the Ruby FFI project nor the
+      names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products
+      derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
+
+THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND
+ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
+WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
+DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL <COPYRIGHT HOLDER> BE LIABLE FOR ANY
+DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
+(INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
+LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND
+ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+(INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
+SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
diff --git a/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/LICENSE.SPECS b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/LICENSE.SPECS
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5c9ffcee31b6b6fa8ed69c529df9cd815ae48a08
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/LICENSE.SPECS
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+Copyright (c) 2008-2012 Ruby-FFI contributors
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person
+obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation
+files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without
+restriction, including without limitation the rights to use,
+copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the
+Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following
+conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES
+OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
+NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT
+HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY,
+WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
+FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR
+OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/README.md b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..be3053c7e83226627b8cb43c3530652f6bdb6008
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+# ruby-ffi https://wiki.github.com/ffi/ffi [![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/ffi/ffi.png?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/ffi/ffi) [![Build status Windows](https://ci.appveyor.com/api/projects/status/r8wxn1sd4s794gg1/branch/master?svg=true)](https://ci.appveyor.com/project/larskanis/ffi-aofqa/branch/master)
+
+## Description
+
+Ruby-FFI is a ruby extension for programmatically loading dynamic
+libraries, binding functions within them, and calling those functions
+from Ruby code. Moreover, a Ruby-FFI extension works without changes
+on Ruby and JRuby. [Discover why you should write your next extension
+using Ruby-FFI](https://wiki.github.com/ffi/ffi/why-use-ffi).
+
+## Features/problems
+
+* Intuitive DSL
+* Supports all C native types
+* C structs (also nested), enums and global variables
+* Callbacks from C to ruby
+* Automatic garbage collection of native memory
+
+## Synopsis
+
+```ruby
+require 'ffi'
+
+module MyLib
+  extend FFI::Library
+  ffi_lib 'c'
+  attach_function :puts, [ :string ], :int
+end
+
+MyLib.puts 'Hello, World using libc!'
+```
+
+For less minimalistic and more sane examples you may look at:
+
+* the samples/ folder
+* the examples on the [wiki](https://wiki.github.com/ffi/ffi)
+* the projects using FFI listed on this page (https://wiki.github.com/ffi/ffi/projects-using-ffi)
+
+## Requirements
+
+You need a sane building environment in order to compile the extension.
+At a minimum, you will need:
+* A C compiler (e.g. Xcode on OSX, gcc on everything else)
+* libffi development library - this is commonly in the libffi-dev or libffi-devel
+
+On Linux systems running with [PaX](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PaX) (Gentoo, Alpine, etc.) FFI may trigger `mprotect` errors. You may need to disable [mprotect](https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Grsecurity/Appendix/Grsecurity_and_PaX_Configuration_Options#Restrict_mprotect.28.29) for ruby (`paxctl -m [/path/to/ruby]`) for the time being until a solution is found.
+
+## Installation
+
+From rubygems:
+
+    [sudo] gem install ffi
+
+or from the git repository on github:
+
+    git clone git://github.com/ffi/ffi.git
+    git submodule update --init --recursive
+    cd ffi
+    rake install
+
+## License
+
+The ffi library is covered by the BSD license, also see the LICENSE file.
+The specs are shared with Rubyspec and are licensed by the same license
+as Rubyspec, see the LICENSE.SPECS file.
+
+## Credits
+
+The following people have submitted code, bug reports, or otherwise contributed to the success of this project:
+
+* Alban Peignier <alban.peignier@free.fr>
+* Aman Gupta <aman@tmm1.net>
+* Andrea Fazzi <andrea.fazzi@alcacoop.it>
+* Andreas Niederl <rico32@gmx.net>
+* Andrew Cholakian <andrew@andrewvc.com>
+* Antonio Terceiro <terceiro@softwarelivre.org>
+* Brian Candler <B.Candler@pobox.com>
+* Brian D. Burns <burns180@gmail.com>
+* Bryan Kearney <bkearney@redhat.com>
+* Charlie Savage <cfis@zerista.com>
+* Chikanaga Tomoyuki <nagachika00@gmail.com>
+* Hongli Lai <hongli@phusion.nl>
+* Ian MacLeod <ian@nevir.net>
+* Jake Douglas <jake@shiftedlabs.com>
+* Jean-Dominique Morani <jdmorani@mac.com>
+* Jeremy Hinegardner <jeremy@hinegardner.org>
+* Jesús García Sáez <blaxter@gmail.com>
+* Joe Khoobyar <joe@ankhcraft.com>
+* Jurij Smakov <jurij@wooyd.org>
+* KISHIMOTO, Makoto <ksmakoto@dd.iij4u.or.jp>
+* Kim Burgestrand <kim@burgestrand.se>
+* Lars Kanis <kanis@comcard.de>
+* Luc Heinrich <luc@honk-honk.com>
+* Luis Lavena <luislavena@gmail.com>
+* Matijs van Zuijlen <matijs@matijs.net>
+* Matthew King <automatthew@gmail.com>
+* Mike Dalessio <mike.dalessio@gmail.com>
+* NARUSE, Yui <naruse@airemix.jp>
+* Park Heesob <phasis@gmail.com>
+* Shin Yee <shinyee@speedgocomputing.com>
+* Stephen Bannasch <stephen.bannasch@gmail.com>
+* Suraj N. Kurapati <sunaku@gmail.com>
+* Sylvain Daubert <sylvain.daubert@laposte.net>
+* Victor Costan
+* beoran@gmail.com
+* ctide <christide@christide.com>
+* emboss <Martin.Bosslet@googlemail.com>
+* hobophobe <unusualtears@gmail.com>
+* meh <meh@paranoici.org>
+* postmodern <postmodern.mod3@gmail.com>
+* wycats@gmail.com <wycats@gmail.com>
+* Wayne Meissner <wmeissner@gmail.com>
diff --git a/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/Rakefile b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/Rakefile
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4f7c07486b322c7612f079129986eb9600f825f9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/Rakefile
@@ -0,0 +1,268 @@
+require 'rubygems/tasks'
+require 'rbconfig'
+require 'rake/clean'
+require File.expand_path("./lib/ffi/version")
+
+USE_RAKE_COMPILER = (RUBY_PLATFORM =~ /java/) ? false : true
+if USE_RAKE_COMPILER
+  require 'rake/extensiontask'
+end
+
+require 'date'
+require 'fileutils'
+require 'rbconfig'
+require 'rspec/core/rake_task'
+require 'rubygems/package_task'
+
+LIBEXT = case RbConfig::CONFIG['host_os'].downcase
+  when /darwin/
+    "dylib"
+  when /mswin|mingw/
+    "dll"
+  else
+    RbConfig::CONFIG['DLEXT']
+  end
+
+CPU = case RbConfig::CONFIG['host_cpu'].downcase
+  when /i[3456]86/
+    # Darwin always reports i686, even when running in 64bit mode
+    if RbConfig::CONFIG['host_os'] =~ /darwin/ && 0xfee1deadbeef.is_a?(Fixnum)
+      "x86_64"
+    else
+      "i386"
+    end
+
+  when /amd64|x86_64/
+    "x86_64"
+
+  when /ppc64|powerpc64/
+    "powerpc64"
+
+  when /ppc|powerpc/
+    "powerpc"
+
+  when /^arm/
+    "arm"
+
+  else
+    RbConfig::CONFIG['host_cpu']
+  end
+
+OS = case RbConfig::CONFIG['host_os'].downcase
+  when /linux/
+    "linux"
+  when /darwin/
+    "darwin"
+  when /freebsd/
+    "freebsd"
+  when /openbsd/
+    "openbsd"
+  when /sunos|solaris/
+    "solaris"
+  when /mswin|mingw/
+    "win32"
+  else
+    RbConfig::CONFIG['host_os'].downcase
+  end
+
+def which(name)
+  exts = ENV['PATHEXT'] ? ENV['PATHEXT'].split(';') : ['']
+  ENV['PATH'].split(File::PATH_SEPARATOR).each do |path|
+    exts.each do |ext|
+      app = File.join(path, name+ext)
+      return app if File.executable? app
+    end
+  end
+  nil
+end
+
+GMAKE = which('gmake').nil? ? 'make' : 'gmake'
+
+LIBTEST = "build/libtest.#{LIBEXT}"
+BUILD_DIR = "build"
+BUILD_EXT_DIR = File.join(BUILD_DIR, "#{RbConfig::CONFIG['arch']}", 'ffi_c', RUBY_VERSION)
+
+def gem_spec
+  @gem_spec ||= Gem::Specification.load('ffi.gemspec')
+end
+
+TEST_DEPS = [ LIBTEST ]
+if RUBY_PLATFORM == "java"
+  RSpec::Core::RakeTask.new(:spec) do |config|
+    config.rspec_opts = YAML.load_file 'spec/spec.opts'
+  end
+else
+  RSpec::Core::RakeTask.new(:spec => :compile) do |config|
+    config.rspec_opts = YAML.load_file 'spec/spec.opts'
+  end
+
+  TEST_DEPS.unshift :compile
+end
+
+desc "Build all packages"
+task :package => %w[ gem:java gem:windows ]
+
+CLOBBER.include 'lib/ffi/types.conf'
+CLOBBER.include 'pkg'
+CLOBBER.include 'log'
+
+CLEAN.include 'build'
+CLEAN.include 'conftest.dSYM'
+CLEAN.include 'spec/ffi/fixtures/libtest.{dylib,so,dll}'
+CLEAN.include 'spec/ffi/fixtures/*.o'
+CLEAN.include "pkg/ffi-*-{mingw32,java}"
+CLEAN.include 'lib/1.*'
+CLEAN.include 'lib/2.*'
+CLEAN.include 'bin'
+
+task :distclean => :clobber
+
+desc "Build the native test lib"
+file "build/libtest.#{LIBEXT}" => FileList['libtest/**/*.[ch]'] do
+  sh %{#{GMAKE} -f libtest/GNUmakefile CPU=#{CPU} OS=#{OS} }
+end
+
+
+desc "Build test helper lib"
+task :libtest => "build/libtest.#{LIBEXT}"
+
+desc "Test the extension"
+task :test => [ :spec ]
+
+
+namespace :bench do
+  ITER = ENV['ITER'] ? ENV['ITER'].to_i : 100000
+  bench_libs = "-Ilib -I#{BUILD_DIR}" unless RUBY_PLATFORM == "java"
+  bench_files = Dir["bench/bench_*.rb"].reject { |f| f == "bench_helper.rb" }
+  bench_files.each do |bench|
+    task File.basename(bench, ".rb")[6..-1] => TEST_DEPS do
+      sh %{#{Gem.ruby} #{bench_libs} #{bench} #{ITER}}
+    end
+  end
+  task :all => TEST_DEPS do
+    bench_files.each do |bench|
+      sh %{#{Gem.ruby} #{bench_libs} #{bench}}
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+task 'spec:run' => TEST_DEPS
+task 'spec:specdoc' => TEST_DEPS
+
+task :default => :spec
+
+namespace 'java' do
+
+  java_gem_spec = Gem::Specification.new do |s|
+    s.name = gem_spec.name
+    s.version = gem_spec.version
+    s.author = gem_spec.author
+    s.email = gem_spec.email
+    s.homepage = gem_spec.homepage
+    s.summary = gem_spec.summary
+    s.description = gem_spec.description
+    s.files = %w(LICENSE COPYING README.md CHANGELOG.md Rakefile)
+    s.has_rdoc = false
+    s.license = gem_spec.license
+    s.platform = 'java'
+  end
+
+  Gem::PackageTask.new(java_gem_spec) do |pkg|
+    pkg.need_zip = true
+    pkg.need_tar = true
+    pkg.package_dir = 'pkg'
+  end
+end
+
+task 'gem:java' => 'java:gem'
+
+
+if USE_RAKE_COMPILER
+  Rake::ExtensionTask.new('ffi_c', gem_spec) do |ext|
+    ext.name = 'ffi_c'                                        # indicate the name of the extension.
+    # ext.lib_dir = BUILD_DIR                                 # put binaries into this folder.
+    ext.tmp_dir = BUILD_DIR                                   # temporary folder used during compilation.
+    ext.cross_compile = true                                  # enable cross compilation (requires cross compile toolchain)
+    ext.cross_platform = %w[i386-mingw32 x64-mingw32]                     # forces the Windows platform instead of the default one
+    ext.cross_compiling do |spec|
+      spec.files.reject! { |path| File.fnmatch?('ext/*', path) }
+    end
+  end
+
+  # To reduce the gem file size strip mingw32 dlls before packaging
+  ENV['RUBY_CC_VERSION'].to_s.split(':').each do |ruby_version|
+    task "build/i386-mingw32/stage/lib/#{ruby_version[/^\d+\.\d+/]}/ffi_c.so" do |t|
+      sh "i686-w64-mingw32-strip -S build/i386-mingw32/stage/lib/#{ruby_version[/^\d+\.\d+/]}/ffi_c.so"
+    end
+
+    task "build/x64-mingw32/stage/lib/#{ruby_version[/^\d+\.\d+/]}/ffi_c.so" do |t|
+      sh "x86_64-w64-mingw32-strip -S build/x64-mingw32/stage/lib/#{ruby_version[/^\d+\.\d+/]}/ffi_c.so"
+    end
+  end
+
+  desc "build a windows gem without all the ceremony."
+  task "gem:windows" do
+    require "rake_compiler_dock"
+    RakeCompilerDock.sh "sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install -y libltdl-dev && bundle && rake cross native gem MAKE='nice make -j`nproc`'"
+  end
+end
+
+directory "ext/ffi_c/libffi"
+file "ext/ffi_c/libffi/autogen.sh" => "ext/ffi_c/libffi" do
+  warn "Downloading libffi ..."
+  sh "git submodule update --init --recursive"
+end
+
+LIBFFI_GIT_FILES = `git --git-dir ext/ffi_c/libffi/.git ls-files -z`.split("\x0")
+
+# Generate files in gemspec but not in libffi's git repo by running autogen.sh
+gem_spec.files.select do |f|
+  f =~ /ext\/ffi_c\/libffi\/(.*)/ && !LIBFFI_GIT_FILES.include?($1)
+end.each do |f|
+  file f => "ext/ffi_c/libffi/autogen.sh" do
+    chdir "ext/ffi_c/libffi" do
+      sh "sh ./autogen.sh"
+    end
+    touch f
+    if gem_spec.files != Gem::Specification.load('./ffi.gemspec').files
+      warn "gemspec files have changed -> Please restart rake!"
+      exit 1
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+$LOAD_PATH.unshift File.join(File.dirname(__FILE__), 'lib')
+require 'ffi/platform'
+types_conf = File.expand_path(File.join(FFI::Platform::CONF_DIR, 'types.conf'))
+logfile = File.join(File.dirname(__FILE__), 'types_log')
+
+file types_conf => File.join("lib", "ffi", "version.rb") do |task|
+  require 'fileutils'
+  require 'ffi/tools/types_generator'
+  options = {}
+  FileUtils.mkdir_p(File.dirname(task.name), { :mode => 0755 })
+  File.open(task.name, File::CREAT|File::TRUNC|File::RDWR, 0644) do |f|
+    f.puts FFI::TypesGenerator.generate(options)
+  end
+  File.open(logfile, 'w') do |log|
+    log.puts(types_conf)
+  end
+end
+
+task :types_conf => types_conf do
+end
+
+Gem::Tasks.new do |t|
+  t.scm.tag.format = '%s'
+end
+
+begin
+  require 'yard'
+
+  namespace :doc do
+    YARD::Rake::YardocTask.new do |yard|
+    end
+  end
+rescue LoadError
+  warn "[warn] YARD unavailable"
+end
diff --git a/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/appveyor.yml b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/appveyor.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e5ab1533087a7a088c91620bad382d53a3f76e18
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/appveyor.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+install:
+  - SET PATH=C:\Ruby%RUBYVER%\bin;%PATH%
+  - SET RAKEOPT=-rdevkit
+  - ps: |
+      if ($env:RUBYVER -like "*head*") {
+        $(new-object net.webclient).DownloadFile("https://github.com/oneclick/rubyinstaller2/releases/download/rubyinstaller-head/rubyinstaller-$env:RUBYVER.exe", "$pwd/ruby-setup.exe")
+        cmd /c ruby-setup.exe /verysilent /dir=C:/Ruby$env:RUBYVER
+      }
+  - ridk version
+  - gem --version
+  - gem install bundler --quiet --no-ri --no-rdoc
+  - bundle install
+build: off
+build_script:
+  - bundle exec rake compile || bundle exec rake compile
+test_script:
+  - bundle exec rake test
+environment:
+  matrix:
+    - RUBYVER: "head-x64"
+    - RUBYVER: 24
+    - RUBYVER: 25-x64
diff --git a/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/.RUBYARCHDIR.time b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/.RUBYARCHDIR.time
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e69de29bb2d1d6434b8b29ae775ad8c2e48c5391
diff --git a/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/AbstractMemory.c b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/AbstractMemory.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..684907bb6ffc66f4851bbb1c036a5e2dd0d66429
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/AbstractMemory.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1109 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2008, 2009, Wayne Meissner
+ * Copyright (C) 2009 Jake Douglas <jake@shiftedlabs.com>
+ * Copyright (C) 2008 Luc Heinrich <luc@honk-honk.com>
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2008-2013, Ruby FFI project contributors
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+ *     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ *     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *       documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ *     * Neither the name of the Ruby FFI project nor the
+ *       names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products
+ *       derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND
+ * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
+ * WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
+ * DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL <COPYRIGHT HOLDER> BE LIABLE FOR ANY
+ * DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
+ * (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
+ * LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND
+ * ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+ * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
+ * SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#ifndef _MSC_VER
+# include <sys/param.h>
+# include <stdint.h>
+# include <stdbool.h>
+#else
+# include "win32/stdbool.h"
+# include "win32/stdint.h"
+#endif
+
+#include <limits.h>
+#include <ruby.h>
+
+#include "rbffi.h"
+#include "compat.h"
+#include "AbstractMemory.h"
+#include "Pointer.h"
+#include "Function.h"
+#include "LongDouble.h"
+
+#ifdef PRIsVALUE
+# define RB_OBJ_CLASSNAME(obj) rb_obj_class(obj)
+# define RB_OBJ_STRING(obj) (obj)
+#else
+# define PRIsVALUE "s"
+# define RB_OBJ_CLASSNAME(obj) rb_obj_classname(obj)
+# define RB_OBJ_STRING(obj) StringValueCStr(obj)
+#endif
+
+static inline char* memory_address(VALUE self);
+VALUE rbffi_AbstractMemoryClass = Qnil;
+static VALUE NullPointerErrorClass = Qnil;
+static ID id_to_ptr = 0, id_plus = 0, id_call = 0;
+
+static VALUE
+memory_allocate(VALUE klass)
+{
+    AbstractMemory* memory;
+    VALUE obj;
+    obj = Data_Make_Struct(klass, AbstractMemory, NULL, -1, memory);
+    memory->flags = MEM_RD | MEM_WR;
+
+    return obj;
+}
+#define VAL(x, swap) (unlikely(((memory->flags & MEM_SWAP) != 0)) ? swap((x)) : (x))
+
+#define NUM_OP(name, type, toNative, fromNative, swap) \
+static void memory_op_put_##name(AbstractMemory* memory, long off, VALUE value); \
+static void \
+memory_op_put_##name(AbstractMemory* memory, long off, VALUE value) \
+{ \
+    type tmp = (type) VAL(toNative(value), swap); \
+    checkWrite(memory); \
+    checkBounds(memory, off, sizeof(type)); \
+    memcpy(memory->address + off, &tmp, sizeof(tmp)); \
+} \
+static VALUE memory_put_##name(VALUE self, VALUE offset, VALUE value); \
+static VALUE \
+memory_put_##name(VALUE self, VALUE offset, VALUE value) \
+{ \
+    AbstractMemory* memory; \
+    Data_Get_Struct(self, AbstractMemory, memory); \
+    memory_op_put_##name(memory, NUM2LONG(offset), value); \
+    return self; \
+} \
+static VALUE memory_write_##name(VALUE self, VALUE value); \
+static VALUE \
+memory_write_##name(VALUE self, VALUE value) \
+{ \
+    AbstractMemory* memory; \
+    Data_Get_Struct(self, AbstractMemory, memory); \
+    memory_op_put_##name(memory, 0, value); \
+    return self; \
+} \
+static VALUE memory_op_get_##name(AbstractMemory* memory, long off); \
+static VALUE \
+memory_op_get_##name(AbstractMemory* memory, long off) \
+{ \
+    type tmp; \
+    checkRead(memory); \
+    checkBounds(memory, off, sizeof(type)); \
+    memcpy(&tmp, memory->address + off, sizeof(tmp)); \
+    return fromNative(VAL(tmp, swap)); \
+} \
+static VALUE memory_get_##name(VALUE self, VALUE offset); \
+static VALUE \
+memory_get_##name(VALUE self, VALUE offset) \
+{ \
+    AbstractMemory* memory; \
+    Data_Get_Struct(self, AbstractMemory, memory); \
+    return memory_op_get_##name(memory, NUM2LONG(offset)); \
+} \
+static VALUE memory_read_##name(VALUE self); \
+static VALUE \
+memory_read_##name(VALUE self) \
+{ \
+    AbstractMemory* memory; \
+    Data_Get_Struct(self, AbstractMemory, memory); \
+    return memory_op_get_##name(memory, 0); \
+} \
+static MemoryOp memory_op_##name = { memory_op_get_##name, memory_op_put_##name }; \
+\
+static VALUE memory_put_array_of_##name(VALUE self, VALUE offset, VALUE ary); \
+static VALUE \
+memory_put_array_of_##name(VALUE self, VALUE offset, VALUE ary) \
+{ \
+    long count = RARRAY_LEN(ary); \
+    long off = NUM2LONG(offset); \
+    AbstractMemory* memory = MEMORY(self); \
+    long i; \
+    checkWrite(memory); \
+    checkBounds(memory, off, count * sizeof(type)); \
+    for (i = 0; i < count; i++) { \
+        type tmp = (type) VAL(toNative(RARRAY_PTR(ary)[i]), swap); \
+        memcpy(memory->address + off + (i * sizeof(type)), &tmp, sizeof(tmp)); \
+    } \
+    return self; \
+} \
+static VALUE memory_write_array_of_##name(VALUE self, VALUE ary); \
+static VALUE \
+memory_write_array_of_##name(VALUE self, VALUE ary) \
+{ \
+    return memory_put_array_of_##name(self, INT2FIX(0), ary); \
+} \
+static VALUE memory_get_array_of_##name(VALUE self, VALUE offset, VALUE length); \
+static VALUE \
+memory_get_array_of_##name(VALUE self, VALUE offset, VALUE length) \
+{ \
+    long count = NUM2LONG(length); \
+    long off = NUM2LONG(offset); \
+    AbstractMemory* memory = MEMORY(self); \
+    VALUE retVal = rb_ary_new2(count); \
+    long i; \
+    checkRead(memory); \
+    checkBounds(memory, off, count * sizeof(type)); \
+    for (i = 0; i < count; ++i) { \
+        type tmp; \
+        memcpy(&tmp, memory->address + off + (i * sizeof(type)), sizeof(tmp)); \
+        rb_ary_push(retVal, fromNative(VAL(tmp, swap))); \
+    } \
+    return retVal; \
+} \
+static VALUE memory_read_array_of_##name(VALUE self, VALUE length); \
+static VALUE \
+memory_read_array_of_##name(VALUE self, VALUE length) \
+{ \
+    return memory_get_array_of_##name(self, INT2FIX(0), length); \
+}
+
+#define NOSWAP(x) (x)
+#define bswap16(x) (((x) >> 8) & 0xff) | (((x) << 8) & 0xff00);
+static inline int16_t
+SWAPS16(int16_t x)
+{
+    return bswap16(x);
+}
+
+static inline uint16_t
+SWAPU16(uint16_t x)
+{
+    return bswap16(x);
+}
+
+#if !defined(__GNUC__) || (__GNUC__ < 4) || (__GNUC__ == 4 && __GNUC_MINOR__ < 3)
+#define bswap32(x) \
+       (((x << 24) & 0xff000000) | \
+        ((x <<  8) & 0x00ff0000) | \
+        ((x >>  8) & 0x0000ff00) | \
+        ((x >> 24) & 0x000000ff))
+
+#define bswap64(x) \
+       (((x << 56) & 0xff00000000000000ULL) | \
+        ((x << 40) & 0x00ff000000000000ULL) | \
+        ((x << 24) & 0x0000ff0000000000ULL) | \
+        ((x <<  8) & 0x000000ff00000000ULL) | \
+        ((x >>  8) & 0x00000000ff000000ULL) | \
+        ((x >> 24) & 0x0000000000ff0000ULL) | \
+        ((x >> 40) & 0x000000000000ff00ULL) | \
+        ((x >> 56) & 0x00000000000000ffULL))
+
+static inline int32_t 
+SWAPS32(int32_t x)
+{
+    return bswap32(x);
+}
+
+static inline uint32_t 
+SWAPU32(uint32_t x)
+{
+    return bswap32(x);
+}
+
+static inline int64_t
+SWAPS64(int64_t x)
+{
+    return bswap64(x);
+}
+
+static inline uint64_t
+SWAPU64(uint64_t x)
+{
+    return bswap64(x);
+}
+
+#else
+# define SWAPS32(x) ((int32_t) __builtin_bswap32(x))
+# define SWAPU32(x) ((uint32_t) __builtin_bswap32(x))
+# define SWAPS64(x) ((int64_t) __builtin_bswap64(x))
+# define SWAPU64(x) ((uint64_t) __builtin_bswap64(x))
+#endif
+
+#if LONG_MAX > INT_MAX
+# define SWAPSLONG SWAPS64
+# define SWAPULONG SWAPU64
+#else
+# define SWAPSLONG SWAPS32
+# define SWAPULONG SWAPU32
+#endif
+
+NUM_OP(int8, int8_t, NUM2INT, INT2NUM, NOSWAP);
+NUM_OP(uint8, uint8_t, NUM2UINT, UINT2NUM, NOSWAP);
+NUM_OP(int16, int16_t, NUM2INT, INT2NUM, SWAPS16);
+NUM_OP(uint16, uint16_t, NUM2UINT, UINT2NUM, SWAPU16);
+NUM_OP(int32, int32_t, NUM2INT, INT2NUM, SWAPS32);
+NUM_OP(uint32, uint32_t, NUM2UINT, UINT2NUM, SWAPU32);
+NUM_OP(int64, int64_t, NUM2LL, LL2NUM, SWAPS64);
+NUM_OP(uint64, uint64_t, NUM2ULL, ULL2NUM, SWAPU64);
+NUM_OP(long, long, NUM2LONG, LONG2NUM, SWAPSLONG);
+NUM_OP(ulong, unsigned long, NUM2ULONG, ULONG2NUM, SWAPULONG);
+NUM_OP(float32, float, NUM2DBL, rb_float_new, NOSWAP);
+NUM_OP(float64, double, NUM2DBL, rb_float_new, NOSWAP);
+NUM_OP(longdouble, long double, rbffi_num2longdouble, rbffi_longdouble_new, NOSWAP);
+
+static inline void*
+get_pointer_value(VALUE value)
+{
+    const int type = TYPE(value);
+    if (type == T_DATA && rb_obj_is_kind_of(value, rbffi_PointerClass)) {
+        return memory_address(value);
+    } else if (type == T_NIL) {
+        return NULL;
+    } else if (type == T_FIXNUM) {
+        return (void *) (uintptr_t) FIX2ULONG(value);
+    } else if (type == T_BIGNUM) {
+        return (void *) (uintptr_t) NUM2ULL(value);
+    } else if (rb_respond_to(value, id_to_ptr)) {
+        return MEMORY_PTR(rb_funcall2(value, id_to_ptr, 0, NULL));
+    } else {
+        rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "value is not a pointer");
+        return NULL;
+    }
+}
+
+NUM_OP(pointer, void *, get_pointer_value, rbffi_Pointer_NewInstance, NOSWAP);
+
+static inline uint8_t
+rbffi_bool_value(VALUE value)
+{
+    return RTEST(value);
+}
+
+static inline VALUE
+rbffi_bool_new(uint8_t value)
+{
+    return (value & 1) != 0 ? Qtrue : Qfalse;
+}
+
+NUM_OP(bool, unsigned char, rbffi_bool_value, rbffi_bool_new, NOSWAP);
+
+
+/*
+ * call-seq: memory.clear
+ * Set the memory to all-zero.
+ * @return [self]
+ */
+static VALUE
+memory_clear(VALUE self)
+{
+    AbstractMemory* ptr = MEMORY(self);
+    memset(ptr->address, 0, ptr->size);
+    return self;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq: memory.size
+ * Return memory size in bytes (alias: #total)
+ * @return [Numeric]
+ */
+static VALUE
+memory_size(VALUE self)
+{
+    AbstractMemory* ptr;
+
+    Data_Get_Struct(self, AbstractMemory, ptr);
+
+    return LONG2NUM(ptr->size);
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq: memory.get(type, offset)
+ * Return data of given type contained in memory.
+ * @param [Symbol, Type] type_name type of data to get
+ * @param [Numeric] offset point in buffer to start from
+ * @return [Object]
+ * @raise {ArgumentError} if type is not supported
+ */
+static VALUE
+memory_get(VALUE self, VALUE type_name, VALUE offset)
+{
+    AbstractMemory* ptr;
+    VALUE nType;
+    Type *type;
+
+    nType = rbffi_Type_Lookup(type_name);
+    if(NIL_P(nType)) goto undefined_type;
+
+    Data_Get_Struct(self, AbstractMemory, ptr);
+    Data_Get_Struct(nType, Type, type);
+
+    MemoryOp *op = get_memory_op(type);
+    if(op == NULL) goto undefined_type;
+
+    return op->get(ptr, NUM2LONG(offset));
+
+undefined_type: {
+    VALUE msg = rb_sprintf("undefined type '%" PRIsVALUE "'", type_name);
+    rb_exc_raise(rb_exc_new3(rb_eArgError, msg));
+    return Qnil;
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq: memory.put(type, offset, value)
+ * @param [Symbol, Type] type_name type of data to put
+ * @param [Numeric] offset point in buffer to start from
+ * @return [nil]
+ * @raise {ArgumentError} if type is not supported
+ */
+static VALUE
+memory_put(VALUE self, VALUE type_name, VALUE offset, VALUE value)
+{
+    AbstractMemory* ptr;
+    VALUE nType;
+    Type *type;
+
+    nType = rbffi_Type_Lookup(type_name);
+    if(NIL_P(nType)) goto undefined_type;
+
+    Data_Get_Struct(self, AbstractMemory, ptr);
+    Data_Get_Struct(nType, Type, type);
+
+    MemoryOp *op = get_memory_op(type);
+    if(op == NULL) goto undefined_type;
+
+    op->put(ptr, NUM2LONG(offset), value);
+    return Qnil;
+
+undefined_type: {
+    VALUE msg = rb_sprintf("unsupported type '%" PRIsVALUE "'", type_name);
+    rb_exc_raise(rb_exc_new3(rb_eArgError, msg));
+    return Qnil;
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq: memory.get_string(offset, length=nil)
+ * Return string contained in memory.
+ * @param [Numeric] offset point in buffer to start from
+ * @param [Numeric] length string's length in bytes. If nil, a (memory size - offset) length string is returned).
+ * @return [String]
+ * @raise {IndexError} if +length+ is too great
+ * @raise {NullPointerError} if memory not initialized
+ */
+static VALUE
+memory_get_string(int argc, VALUE* argv, VALUE self)
+{
+    VALUE length = Qnil, offset = Qnil;
+    AbstractMemory* ptr = MEMORY(self);
+    long off, len;
+    char* end;
+    int nargs = rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "11", &offset, &length);
+
+    off = NUM2LONG(offset);
+    len = nargs > 1 && length != Qnil ? NUM2LONG(length) : (ptr->size - off);
+    checkRead(ptr);
+    checkBounds(ptr, off, len);
+
+    end = memchr(ptr->address + off, 0, len);
+    return rb_tainted_str_new((char *) ptr->address + off,
+            (end != NULL ? end - ptr->address - off : len));
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq: memory.get_array_of_string(offset, count=nil)
+ * Return an array of strings contained in memory.
+ * @param [Numeric] offset point in memory to start from
+ * @param [Numeric] count number of strings to get. If nil, return all strings
+ * @return [Array<String>]
+ * @raise {IndexError} if +offset+ is too great
+ * @raise {NullPointerError} if memory not initialized
+ */
+static VALUE
+memory_get_array_of_string(int argc, VALUE* argv, VALUE self)
+{
+    VALUE offset = Qnil, countnum = Qnil, retVal = Qnil;
+    AbstractMemory* ptr;
+    long off;
+    int count;
+
+    rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "11", &offset, &countnum);
+    off = NUM2LONG(offset);
+    count = (countnum == Qnil ? 0 : NUM2INT(countnum));
+    retVal = rb_ary_new2(count);
+
+    Data_Get_Struct(self, AbstractMemory, ptr);
+    checkRead(ptr);
+
+    if (countnum != Qnil) {
+        int i;
+
+        checkBounds(ptr, off, count * sizeof (char*));
+        
+        for (i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+            const char* strptr = *((const char**) (ptr->address + off) + i);
+            rb_ary_push(retVal, (strptr == NULL ? Qnil : rb_tainted_str_new2(strptr)));
+        }
+
+    } else {
+        checkBounds(ptr, off, sizeof (char*));
+        for ( ; off < ptr->size - (long) sizeof (void *); off += (long) sizeof (void *)) {
+            const char* strptr = *(const char**) (ptr->address + off);
+            if (strptr == NULL) {
+                break;
+            }
+            rb_ary_push(retVal, rb_tainted_str_new2(strptr));
+        }
+    }
+
+    return retVal;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq: memory.read_array_of_string(count=nil)
+ * Return an array of strings contained in memory. Same as:
+ *  memory.get_array_of_string(0, count)
+ * @param [Numeric] count number of strings to get. If nil, return all strings
+ * @return [Array<String>]
+ */
+static VALUE 
+memory_read_array_of_string(int argc, VALUE* argv, VALUE self)
+{
+    VALUE* rargv = ALLOCA_N(VALUE, argc + 1);
+    int i;
+
+    rargv[0] = INT2FIX(0);
+    for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
+        rargv[i + 1] = argv[i];
+    }
+
+    return memory_get_array_of_string(argc + 1, rargv, self);
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * call-seq: memory.put_string(offset, str)
+ * @param [Numeric] offset
+ * @param [String] str
+ * @return [self]
+ * @raise {SecurityError} when writing unsafe string to memory
+ * @raise {IndexError} if +offset+ is too great
+ * @raise {NullPointerError} if memory not initialized
+ * Put a string in memory.
+ */
+static VALUE
+memory_put_string(VALUE self, VALUE offset, VALUE str)
+{
+    AbstractMemory* ptr = MEMORY(self);
+    long off, len;
+
+    Check_Type(str, T_STRING);
+    off = NUM2LONG(offset);
+    len = RSTRING_LEN(str);
+
+    checkWrite(ptr);
+    checkBounds(ptr, off, len + 1);
+
+    memcpy(ptr->address + off, RSTRING_PTR(str), len);
+    *((char *) ptr->address + off + len) = '\0';
+
+    return self;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq: memory.get_bytes(offset, length)
+ * Return string contained in memory.
+ * @param [Numeric] offset point in buffer to start from
+ * @param [Numeric] length string's length in bytes.
+ * @return [String]
+ * @raise {IndexError} if +length+ is too great
+ * @raise {NullPointerError} if memory not initialized
+ */
+static VALUE
+memory_get_bytes(VALUE self, VALUE offset, VALUE length)
+{
+    AbstractMemory* ptr = MEMORY(self);
+    long off, len;
+    
+    off = NUM2LONG(offset);
+    len = NUM2LONG(length);
+
+    checkRead(ptr);
+    checkBounds(ptr, off, len);
+    
+    return rb_tainted_str_new((char *) ptr->address + off, len);
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq: memory.put_bytes(offset, str, index=0, length=nil)
+ * Put a string in memory.
+ * @param [Numeric] offset point in buffer to start from
+ * @param [String] str string to put to memory
+ * @param [Numeric] index
+ * @param [Numeric] length string's length in bytes. If nil, a (memory size - offset) length string is returned).
+ * @return [self]
+ * @raise {IndexError} if +length+ is too great
+ * @raise {NullPointerError} if memory not initialized
+ * @raise {RangeError} if +index+ is negative, or if index+length is greater than size of string
+ * @raise {SecurityError} when writing unsafe string to memory
+ */
+static VALUE
+memory_put_bytes(int argc, VALUE* argv, VALUE self)
+{
+    AbstractMemory* ptr = MEMORY(self);
+    VALUE offset = Qnil, str = Qnil, rbIndex = Qnil, rbLength = Qnil;
+    long off, len, idx;
+    int nargs = rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "22", &offset, &str, &rbIndex, &rbLength);
+
+    Check_Type(str, T_STRING);
+
+    off = NUM2LONG(offset);
+    idx = nargs > 2 ? NUM2LONG(rbIndex) : 0;
+    if (idx < 0) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eRangeError, "index cannot be less than zero");
+        return Qnil;
+    }
+    len = nargs > 3 ? NUM2LONG(rbLength) : (RSTRING_LEN(str) - idx);
+    if ((idx + len) > RSTRING_LEN(str)) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eRangeError, "index+length is greater than size of string");
+        return Qnil;
+    }
+
+    checkWrite(ptr);
+    checkBounds(ptr, off, len);
+
+    if (rb_safe_level() >= 1 && OBJ_TAINTED(str)) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eSecurityError, "Writing unsafe string to memory");
+        return Qnil;
+    }
+    memcpy(ptr->address + off, RSTRING_PTR(str) + idx, len);
+
+    return self;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq: memory.read_bytes(length)
+ * @param [Numeric] length of string to return
+ * @return [String]
+ * equivalent to :
+ *  memory.get_bytes(0, length)
+ */
+static VALUE 
+memory_read_bytes(VALUE self, VALUE length)
+{
+    return memory_get_bytes(self, INT2FIX(0), length);
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq: memory.write_bytes(str, index=0, length=nil)
+ * @param [String] str string to put to memory
+ * @param [Numeric] index
+ * @param [Numeric] length string's length in bytes. If nil, a (memory size - offset) length string is returned).
+ * @return [self]
+ * equivalent to :
+ *  memory.put_bytes(0, str, index, length)
+ */
+static VALUE 
+memory_write_bytes(int argc, VALUE* argv, VALUE self)
+{
+    VALUE* wargv = ALLOCA_N(VALUE, argc + 1);
+    int i;
+
+    wargv[0] = INT2FIX(0);
+    for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
+        wargv[i + 1] = argv[i];
+    }
+
+    return memory_put_bytes(argc + 1, wargv, self);
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq: memory.type_size
+ * @return [Numeric] type size in bytes
+ * Get the memory's type size.
+ */
+static VALUE
+memory_type_size(VALUE self)
+{
+    AbstractMemory* ptr;
+
+    Data_Get_Struct(self, AbstractMemory, ptr);
+
+    return INT2NUM(ptr->typeSize);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Document-method: []
+ * call-seq: memory[idx]
+ * @param [Numeric] idx index to access in memory
+ * @return 
+ * Memory read accessor.
+ */
+static VALUE
+memory_aref(VALUE self, VALUE idx)
+{
+    AbstractMemory* ptr;
+    VALUE rbOffset = Qnil;
+
+    Data_Get_Struct(self, AbstractMemory, ptr);
+
+    rbOffset = ULONG2NUM(NUM2ULONG(idx) * ptr->typeSize);
+
+    return rb_funcall2(self, id_plus, 1, &rbOffset);
+}
+
+static inline char*
+memory_address(VALUE obj)
+{
+    return ((AbstractMemory *) DATA_PTR(obj))->address;
+}
+
+static VALUE
+memory_copy_from(VALUE self, VALUE rbsrc, VALUE rblen)
+{
+    AbstractMemory* dst;
+
+    Data_Get_Struct(self, AbstractMemory, dst);
+
+    memcpy(dst->address, rbffi_AbstractMemory_Cast(rbsrc, rbffi_AbstractMemoryClass)->address, NUM2INT(rblen));
+
+    return self;
+}
+
+AbstractMemory*
+rbffi_AbstractMemory_Cast(VALUE obj, VALUE klass)
+{
+    if (rb_obj_is_kind_of(obj, klass)) {
+        AbstractMemory* memory;
+        Data_Get_Struct(obj, AbstractMemory, memory);
+        return memory;
+    }
+
+    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "Invalid Memory object");
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+void
+rbffi_AbstractMemory_Error(AbstractMemory *mem, int op)
+{
+    VALUE rbErrorClass = mem->address == NULL ? NullPointerErrorClass : rb_eRuntimeError;
+    if (op == MEM_RD) {
+        rb_raise(rbErrorClass, "invalid memory read at address=%p", mem->address);
+    } else if (op == MEM_WR) {
+        rb_raise(rbErrorClass, "invalid memory write at address=%p", mem->address);
+    } else {
+        rb_raise(rbErrorClass, "invalid memory access at address=%p", mem->address);
+    }
+}
+
+static VALUE
+memory_op_get_strptr(AbstractMemory* ptr, long offset)
+{
+    void* tmp = NULL;
+
+    if (ptr != NULL && ptr->address != NULL) {
+        checkRead(ptr);
+        checkBounds(ptr, offset, sizeof(tmp));
+        memcpy(&tmp, ptr->address + offset, sizeof(tmp));
+    }
+
+    return tmp != NULL ? rb_tainted_str_new2(tmp) : Qnil;
+}
+
+static void
+memory_op_put_strptr(AbstractMemory* ptr, long offset, VALUE value)
+{
+    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "Cannot set :string fields");
+}
+
+static MemoryOp memory_op_strptr = { memory_op_get_strptr, memory_op_put_strptr };
+
+
+MemoryOps rbffi_AbstractMemoryOps = {
+    &memory_op_int8, /*.int8 */
+    &memory_op_uint8, /* .uint8 */
+    &memory_op_int16, /* .int16 */
+    &memory_op_uint16, /* .uint16 */
+    &memory_op_int32, /* .int32 */
+    &memory_op_uint32, /* .uint32 */
+    &memory_op_int64, /* .int64 */
+    &memory_op_uint64, /* .uint64 */
+    &memory_op_long, /* .slong */
+    &memory_op_ulong, /* .uslong */
+    &memory_op_float32, /* .float32 */
+    &memory_op_float64, /* .float64 */
+    &memory_op_longdouble, /* .longdouble */
+    &memory_op_pointer, /* .pointer */
+    &memory_op_strptr, /* .strptr */
+    &memory_op_bool /* .boolOp */
+};
+
+void
+rbffi_AbstractMemory_Init(VALUE moduleFFI)
+{
+    /* 
+     * Document-class: FFI::AbstractMemory
+     * 
+     * {AbstractMemory} is the base class for many memory management classes such as {Buffer}.
+     *
+     * This class has a lot of methods to work with integers :
+     * * put_int<i>size</i>(offset, value)
+     * * get_int<i>size</i>(offset)
+     * * put_uint<i>size</i>(offset, value)
+     * * get_uint<i>size</i>(offset)
+     * * writeuint<i>size</i>(value)
+     * * read_int<i>size</i>
+     * * write_uint<i>size</i>(value)
+     * * read_uint<i>size</i>
+     * * put_array_of_int<i>size</i>(offset, ary)
+     * * get_array_of_int<i>size</i>(offset, length)
+     * * put_array_of_uint<i>size</i>(offset, ary)
+     * * get_array_of_uint<i>size</i>(offset, length)
+     * * write_array_of_int<i>size</i>(ary)
+     * * read_array_of_int<i>size</i>(length)
+     * * write_array_of_uint<i>size</i>(ary)
+     * * read_array_of_uint<i>size</i>(length)
+     * where _size_ is 8, 16, 32 or 64. Same methods exist for long type.
+     *
+     * Aliases exist : _char_ for _int8_, _short_ for _int16_, _int_ for _int32_ and <i>long_long</i> for _int64_.
+     *
+     * Others methods are listed below.
+     */
+    VALUE classMemory = rb_define_class_under(moduleFFI, "AbstractMemory", rb_cObject);
+    rbffi_AbstractMemoryClass = classMemory;
+    /* 
+     * Document-variable: FFI::AbstractMemory 
+     */
+    rb_global_variable(&rbffi_AbstractMemoryClass);
+    rb_define_alloc_func(classMemory, memory_allocate);
+
+    NullPointerErrorClass = rb_define_class_under(moduleFFI, "NullPointerError", rb_eRuntimeError);
+    /* Document-variable: NullPointerError */
+    rb_global_variable(&NullPointerErrorClass);
+
+
+#undef INT
+#define INT(type) \
+    rb_define_method(classMemory, "put_" #type, memory_put_##type, 2); \
+    rb_define_method(classMemory, "get_" #type, memory_get_##type, 1); \
+    rb_define_method(classMemory, "put_u" #type, memory_put_u##type, 2); \
+    rb_define_method(classMemory, "get_u" #type, memory_get_u##type, 1); \
+    rb_define_method(classMemory, "write_" #type, memory_write_##type, 1); \
+    rb_define_method(classMemory, "read_" #type, memory_read_##type, 0); \
+    rb_define_method(classMemory, "write_u" #type, memory_write_u##type, 1); \
+    rb_define_method(classMemory, "read_u" #type, memory_read_u##type, 0); \
+    rb_define_method(classMemory, "put_array_of_" #type, memory_put_array_of_##type, 2); \
+    rb_define_method(classMemory, "get_array_of_" #type, memory_get_array_of_##type, 2); \
+    rb_define_method(classMemory, "put_array_of_u" #type, memory_put_array_of_u##type, 2); \
+    rb_define_method(classMemory, "get_array_of_u" #type, memory_get_array_of_u##type, 2); \
+    rb_define_method(classMemory, "write_array_of_" #type, memory_write_array_of_##type, 1); \
+    rb_define_method(classMemory, "read_array_of_" #type, memory_read_array_of_##type, 1); \
+    rb_define_method(classMemory, "write_array_of_u" #type, memory_write_array_of_u##type, 1); \
+    rb_define_method(classMemory, "read_array_of_u" #type, memory_read_array_of_u##type, 1);
+    
+    INT(int8);
+    INT(int16);
+    INT(int32);
+    INT(int64);
+    INT(long);
+    
+#define ALIAS(name, old) \
+    rb_define_alias(classMemory, "put_" #name, "put_" #old); \
+    rb_define_alias(classMemory, "get_" #name, "get_" #old); \
+    rb_define_alias(classMemory, "put_u" #name, "put_u" #old); \
+    rb_define_alias(classMemory, "get_u" #name, "get_u" #old); \
+    rb_define_alias(classMemory, "write_" #name, "write_" #old); \
+    rb_define_alias(classMemory, "read_" #name, "read_" #old); \
+    rb_define_alias(classMemory, "write_u" #name, "write_u" #old); \
+    rb_define_alias(classMemory, "read_u" #name, "read_u" #old); \
+    rb_define_alias(classMemory, "put_array_of_" #name, "put_array_of_" #old); \
+    rb_define_alias(classMemory, "get_array_of_" #name, "get_array_of_" #old); \
+    rb_define_alias(classMemory, "put_array_of_u" #name, "put_array_of_u" #old); \
+    rb_define_alias(classMemory, "get_array_of_u" #name, "get_array_of_u" #old); \
+    rb_define_alias(classMemory, "write_array_of_" #name, "write_array_of_" #old); \
+    rb_define_alias(classMemory, "read_array_of_" #name, "read_array_of_" #old); \
+    rb_define_alias(classMemory, "write_array_of_u" #name, "write_array_of_u" #old); \
+    rb_define_alias(classMemory, "read_array_of_u" #name, "read_array_of_u" #old);
+    
+    ALIAS(char, int8);
+    ALIAS(short, int16);
+    ALIAS(int, int32);
+    ALIAS(long_long, int64);
+    
+    /*
+     * Document-method: put_float32
+     * call-seq: memory.put_float32offset, value)
+     * @param [Numeric] offset
+     * @param [Numeric] value
+     * @return [self]
+     * Put +value+ as a 32-bit float in memory at offset +offset+ (alias: #put_float).
+     */
+    rb_define_method(classMemory, "put_float32", memory_put_float32, 2);
+    /*
+     * Document-method: get_float32
+     * call-seq: memory.get_float32(offset)
+     * @param [Numeric] offset
+     * @return [Float]
+     * Get a 32-bit float from memory at offset +offset+ (alias: #get_float).
+     */
+    rb_define_method(classMemory, "get_float32", memory_get_float32, 1);
+    rb_define_alias(classMemory, "put_float", "put_float32");
+    rb_define_alias(classMemory, "get_float", "get_float32");
+    /*
+     * Document-method: write_float
+     * call-seq: memory.write_float(value)
+     * @param [Numeric] value
+     * @return [self]
+     * Write +value+ as a 32-bit float in memory.
+     *
+     * Same as:
+     *  memory.put_float(0, value)
+     */
+    rb_define_method(classMemory, "write_float", memory_write_float32, 1);
+    /*
+     * Document-method: read_float
+     * call-seq: memory.read_float
+     * @return [Float]
+     * Read a 32-bit float from memory.
+     *
+     * Same as:
+     *  memory.get_float(0)
+     */
+    rb_define_method(classMemory, "read_float", memory_read_float32, 0);
+    /*
+     * Document-method: put_array_of_float32
+     * call-seq: memory.put_array_of_float32(offset, ary)
+     * @param [Numeric] offset
+     * @param [Array<Numeric>] ary
+     * @return [self]
+     * Put values from +ary+ as 32-bit floats in memory from offset +offset+ (alias: #put_array_of_float).
+     */
+    rb_define_method(classMemory, "put_array_of_float32", memory_put_array_of_float32, 2);
+    /*
+     * Document-method: get_array_of_float32
+     * call-seq: memory.get_array_of_float32(offset, length)
+     * @param [Numeric] offset
+     * @param [Numeric] length number of Float to get
+     * @return [Array<Float>]
+     * Get 32-bit floats in memory from offset +offset+ (alias: #get_array_of_float).
+     */
+    rb_define_method(classMemory, "get_array_of_float32", memory_get_array_of_float32, 2);
+    /*
+     * Document-method: write_array_of_float
+     * call-seq: memory.write_array_of_float(ary)
+     * @param [Array<Numeric>] ary
+     * @return [self]
+     * Write values from +ary+ as 32-bit floats in memory.
+     *
+     * Same as:
+     *  memory.put_array_of_float(0, ary)
+     */
+    rb_define_method(classMemory, "write_array_of_float", memory_write_array_of_float32, 1);
+    /*
+     * Document-method: read_array_of_float
+     * call-seq: memory.read_array_of_float(length)
+     * @param [Numeric] length number of Float to read
+     * @return [Array<Float>]
+     * Read 32-bit floats from memory.
+     *
+     * Same as:
+     *  memory.get_array_of_float(0, ary)
+     */
+    rb_define_method(classMemory, "read_array_of_float", memory_read_array_of_float32, 1);
+    rb_define_alias(classMemory, "put_array_of_float", "put_array_of_float32");
+    rb_define_alias(classMemory, "get_array_of_float", "get_array_of_float32");
+    /*
+     * Document-method: put_float64
+     * call-seq: memory.put_float64(offset, value)
+     * @param [Numeric] offset
+     * @param [Numeric] value
+     * @return [self]
+     * Put +value+ as a 64-bit float (double) in memory at offset +offset+ (alias: #put_double).
+     */
+    rb_define_method(classMemory, "put_float64", memory_put_float64, 2);
+    /*
+     * Document-method: get_float64
+     * call-seq: memory.get_float64(offset)
+     * @param [Numeric] offset
+     * @return [Float]
+     * Get a 64-bit float (double) from memory at offset +offset+ (alias: #get_double).
+     */
+    rb_define_method(classMemory, "get_float64", memory_get_float64, 1);
+    rb_define_alias(classMemory, "put_double", "put_float64");
+    rb_define_alias(classMemory, "get_double", "get_float64");
+    /*
+     * Document-method: write_double
+     * call-seq: memory.write_double(value)
+     * @param [Numeric] value
+     * @return [self]
+     * Write +value+ as a 64-bit float (double) in memory.
+     *
+     * Same as:
+     *  memory.put_double(0, value)
+     */
+    rb_define_method(classMemory, "write_double", memory_write_float64, 1);
+    /*
+     * Document-method: read_double
+     * call-seq: memory.read_double
+     * @return [Float]
+     * Read a 64-bit float (double) from memory.
+     *
+     * Same as:
+     *  memory.get_double(0)
+     */
+    rb_define_method(classMemory, "read_double", memory_read_float64, 0);
+    /*
+     * Document-method: put_array_of_float64
+     * call-seq: memory.put_array_of_float64(offset, ary)
+     * @param [Numeric] offset
+     * @param [Array<Numeric>] ary
+     * @return [self]
+     * Put values from +ary+ as 64-bit floats (doubles) in memory from offset +offset+ (alias: #put_array_of_double).
+     */
+    rb_define_method(classMemory, "put_array_of_float64", memory_put_array_of_float64, 2);
+    /*
+     * Document-method: get_array_of_float64
+     * call-seq: memory.get_array_of_float64(offset, length)
+     * @param [Numeric] offset
+     * @param [Numeric] length number of Float to get
+     * @return [Array<Float>]
+     * Get 64-bit floats (doubles) in memory from offset +offset+ (alias: #get_array_of_double).
+     */
+    rb_define_method(classMemory, "get_array_of_float64", memory_get_array_of_float64, 2);
+    /*
+     * Document-method: write_array_of_double
+     * call-seq: memory.write_array_of_double(ary)
+     * @param [Array<Numeric>] ary
+     * @return [self]
+     * Write values from +ary+ as 64-bit floats (doubles) in memory.
+     *
+     * Same as:
+     *  memory.put_array_of_double(0, ary)
+     */
+    rb_define_method(classMemory, "write_array_of_double", memory_write_array_of_float64, 1);
+    /*
+     * Document-method: read_array_of_double
+     * call-seq: memory.read_array_of_double(length)
+     * @param [Numeric] length number of Float to read
+     * @return [Array<Float>]
+     * Read 64-bit floats (doubles) from memory.
+     *
+     * Same as:
+     *  memory.get_array_of_double(0, ary)
+     */
+    rb_define_method(classMemory, "read_array_of_double", memory_read_array_of_float64, 1);
+    rb_define_alias(classMemory, "put_array_of_double", "put_array_of_float64");
+    rb_define_alias(classMemory, "get_array_of_double", "get_array_of_float64");
+    /*
+     * Document-method: put_pointer
+     * call-seq: memory.put_pointer(offset, value)
+     * @param [Numeric] offset
+     * @param [nil,Pointer, Integer, #to_ptr] value
+     * @return [self]
+     * Put +value+ in memory from +offset+..
+     */
+    rb_define_method(classMemory, "put_pointer", memory_put_pointer, 2);
+    /*
+     * Document-method: get_pointer
+     * call-seq: memory.get_pointer(offset)
+     * @param [Numeric] offset
+     * @return [Pointer]
+     * Get a {Pointer} to the memory from +offset+.
+     */
+    rb_define_method(classMemory, "get_pointer", memory_get_pointer, 1);
+    /*
+     * Document-method: write_pointer
+     * call-seq: memory.write_pointer(value)
+     * @param [nil,Pointer, Integer, #to_ptr] value
+     * @return [self]
+     * Write +value+ in memory.
+     *
+     * Equivalent to:
+     *  memory.put_pointer(0, value)
+     */
+    rb_define_method(classMemory, "write_pointer", memory_write_pointer, 1);
+    /*
+     * Document-method: read_pointer
+     * call-seq: memory.read_pointer
+     * @return [Pointer]
+     * Get a {Pointer} to the memory from base address.
+     *
+     * Equivalent to:
+     *  memory.get_pointer(0)
+     */
+    rb_define_method(classMemory, "read_pointer", memory_read_pointer, 0);
+    /*
+     * Document-method: put_array_of_pointer
+     * call-seq: memory.put_array_of_pointer(offset, ary)
+     * @param [Numeric] offset
+     * @param [Array<#to_ptr>] ary
+     * @return [self]
+     * Put an array of {Pointer} into memory from +offset+.
+     */
+    rb_define_method(classMemory, "put_array_of_pointer", memory_put_array_of_pointer, 2);
+    /*
+     * Document-method: get_array_of_pointer
+     * call-seq: memory.get_array_of_pointer(offset, length)
+     * @param [Numeric] offset
+     * @param [Numeric] length
+     * @return [Array<Pointer>]
+     * Get an array of {Pointer} of length +length+ from +offset+.
+     */
+    rb_define_method(classMemory, "get_array_of_pointer", memory_get_array_of_pointer, 2);
+    /*
+     * Document-method: write_array_of_pointer
+     * call-seq: memory.write_array_of_pointer(ary)
+     * @param [Array<#to_ptr>] ary
+     * @return [self]
+     * Write an array of {Pointer} into memory from +offset+.
+     *
+     * Same as :
+     *  memory.put_array_of_pointer(0, ary)
+     */
+    rb_define_method(classMemory, "write_array_of_pointer", memory_write_array_of_pointer, 1);
+    /*
+     * Document-method: read_array_of_pointer
+     * call-seq: memory.read_array_of_pointer(length)
+     * @param [Numeric] length
+     * @return [Array<Pointer>]
+     * Read an array of {Pointer} of length +length+.
+     *
+     * Same as:
+     *  memory.get_array_of_pointer(0, length)
+     */
+    rb_define_method(classMemory, "read_array_of_pointer", memory_read_array_of_pointer, 1);
+
+    rb_define_method(classMemory, "get_string", memory_get_string, -1);
+    rb_define_method(classMemory, "put_string", memory_put_string, 2);
+    rb_define_method(classMemory, "get_bytes", memory_get_bytes, 2);
+    rb_define_method(classMemory, "put_bytes", memory_put_bytes, -1);
+    rb_define_method(classMemory, "read_bytes", memory_read_bytes, 1);
+    rb_define_method(classMemory, "write_bytes", memory_write_bytes, -1);
+    rb_define_method(classMemory, "get_array_of_string", memory_get_array_of_string, -1);
+
+    rb_define_method(classMemory, "get", memory_get, 2);
+    rb_define_method(classMemory, "put", memory_put, 3);
+
+    rb_define_method(classMemory, "clear", memory_clear, 0);
+    rb_define_method(classMemory, "total", memory_size, 0);
+    rb_define_alias(classMemory, "size", "total");
+    rb_define_method(classMemory, "type_size", memory_type_size, 0);
+    rb_define_method(classMemory, "[]", memory_aref, 1);
+    rb_define_method(classMemory, "__copy_from__", memory_copy_from, 2);
+
+    id_to_ptr = rb_intern("to_ptr");
+    id_call = rb_intern("call");
+    id_plus = rb_intern("+");
+}
+
diff --git a/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/AbstractMemory.h b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/AbstractMemory.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..11192885ac5a53e849d6f63494ba78d6888676b5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/AbstractMemory.h
@@ -0,0 +1,175 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2008, 2009, Wayne Meissner
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2008-2013, Ruby FFI project contributors
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+ *     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ *     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *       documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ *     * Neither the name of the Ruby FFI project nor the
+ *       names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products
+ *       derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND
+ * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
+ * WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
+ * DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL <COPYRIGHT HOLDER> BE LIABLE FOR ANY
+ * DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
+ * (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
+ * LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND
+ * ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+ * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
+ * SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+#ifndef RBFFI_ABSTRACTMEMORY_H
+#define	RBFFI_ABSTRACTMEMORY_H
+
+#ifndef _MSC_VER
+#include <sys/param.h>
+#endif
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#ifndef _MSC_VER
+#include <stdint.h>
+#endif
+
+#include "compat.h"
+#include "Types.h"
+
+#ifdef	__cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+
+#define MEM_RD   0x01
+#define MEM_WR   0x02
+#define MEM_CODE 0x04
+#define MEM_SWAP 0x08
+#define MEM_EMBED 0x10
+
+typedef struct AbstractMemory_ AbstractMemory;
+
+typedef struct {
+    VALUE (*get)(AbstractMemory* ptr, long offset);
+    void (*put)(AbstractMemory* ptr, long offset, VALUE value);
+} MemoryOp;
+
+typedef struct {
+    MemoryOp* int8;
+    MemoryOp* uint8;
+    MemoryOp* int16;
+    MemoryOp* uint16;
+    MemoryOp* int32;
+    MemoryOp* uint32;
+    MemoryOp* int64;
+    MemoryOp* uint64;
+    MemoryOp* slong;
+    MemoryOp* uslong;
+    MemoryOp* float32;
+    MemoryOp* float64;
+    MemoryOp* longdouble;
+    MemoryOp* pointer;
+    MemoryOp* strptr;
+    MemoryOp* boolOp;
+} MemoryOps;
+
+struct AbstractMemory_ {
+    char* address; /* Use char* instead of void* to ensure adding to it works correctly */
+    long size;
+    int flags;
+    int typeSize;
+};
+
+
+extern VALUE rbffi_AbstractMemoryClass;
+extern MemoryOps rbffi_AbstractMemoryOps;
+
+extern void rbffi_AbstractMemory_Init(VALUE ffiModule);
+
+extern AbstractMemory* rbffi_AbstractMemory_Cast(VALUE obj, VALUE klass);
+
+extern void rbffi_AbstractMemory_Error(AbstractMemory *, int op);
+
+static inline void
+checkBounds(AbstractMemory* mem, long off, long len)
+{
+    if (unlikely((off | len | (off + len) | (mem->size - (off + len))) < 0)) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eIndexError, "Memory access offset=%ld size=%ld is out of bounds",
+                off, len);
+    }
+}
+
+static inline void
+checkRead(AbstractMemory* mem)
+{
+    if (unlikely((mem->flags & MEM_RD) == 0)) {
+        rbffi_AbstractMemory_Error(mem, MEM_RD);
+    }
+}
+
+static inline void
+checkWrite(AbstractMemory* mem)
+{
+    if (unlikely((mem->flags & MEM_WR) == 0)) {
+        rbffi_AbstractMemory_Error(mem, MEM_WR);
+    }
+}
+
+static inline MemoryOp*
+get_memory_op(Type* type)
+{
+    switch (type->nativeType) {
+        case NATIVE_INT8:
+            return rbffi_AbstractMemoryOps.int8;
+        case NATIVE_UINT8:
+            return rbffi_AbstractMemoryOps.uint8;
+        case NATIVE_INT16:
+            return rbffi_AbstractMemoryOps.int16;
+        case NATIVE_UINT16:
+            return rbffi_AbstractMemoryOps.uint16;
+        case NATIVE_INT32:
+            return rbffi_AbstractMemoryOps.int32;
+        case NATIVE_UINT32:
+            return rbffi_AbstractMemoryOps.uint32;
+        case NATIVE_INT64:
+            return rbffi_AbstractMemoryOps.int64;
+        case NATIVE_UINT64:
+            return rbffi_AbstractMemoryOps.uint64;
+        case NATIVE_LONG:
+            return rbffi_AbstractMemoryOps.slong;
+        case NATIVE_ULONG:
+            return rbffi_AbstractMemoryOps.uslong;
+        case NATIVE_FLOAT32:
+            return rbffi_AbstractMemoryOps.float32;
+        case NATIVE_FLOAT64:
+            return rbffi_AbstractMemoryOps.float64;
+        case NATIVE_LONGDOUBLE:
+            return rbffi_AbstractMemoryOps.longdouble;
+        case NATIVE_POINTER:
+            return rbffi_AbstractMemoryOps.pointer;
+        case NATIVE_STRING:
+            return rbffi_AbstractMemoryOps.strptr;
+        case NATIVE_BOOL:
+            return rbffi_AbstractMemoryOps.boolOp;
+        default:
+            return NULL;
+    }
+}
+
+#define MEMORY(obj) rbffi_AbstractMemory_Cast((obj), rbffi_AbstractMemoryClass)
+#define MEMORY_PTR(obj) MEMORY((obj))->address
+#define MEMORY_LEN(obj) MEMORY((obj))->size
+
+
+
+#ifdef	__cplusplus
+}
+#endif
+
+#endif	/* RBFFI_ABSTRACTMEMORY_H */
+
diff --git a/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/ArrayType.c b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/ArrayType.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..bfd666a7e6772bb2c1191dba3e90435b721ed1a9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/ArrayType.c
@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2009, Wayne Meissner
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2008-2013, Ruby FFI project contributors
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+ *     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ *     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *       documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ *     * Neither the name of the Ruby FFI project nor the
+ *       names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products
+ *       derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND
+ * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
+ * WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
+ * DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL <COPYRIGHT HOLDER> BE LIABLE FOR ANY
+ * DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
+ * (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
+ * LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND
+ * ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+ * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
+ * SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+#include <ruby.h>
+#include <ffi.h>
+#include "ArrayType.h"
+
+static VALUE array_type_s_allocate(VALUE klass);
+static VALUE array_type_initialize(VALUE self, VALUE rbComponentType, VALUE rbLength);
+static void array_type_mark(ArrayType *);
+static void array_type_free(ArrayType *);
+
+VALUE rbffi_ArrayTypeClass = Qnil;
+
+static VALUE
+array_type_s_allocate(VALUE klass)
+{
+    ArrayType* array;
+    VALUE obj;
+
+    obj = Data_Make_Struct(klass, ArrayType, array_type_mark, array_type_free, array);
+
+    array->base.nativeType = NATIVE_ARRAY;
+    array->base.ffiType = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*array->base.ffiType));
+    array->base.ffiType->type = FFI_TYPE_STRUCT;
+    array->base.ffiType->size = 0;
+    array->base.ffiType->alignment = 0;
+    array->rbComponentType = Qnil;
+
+    return obj;
+}
+
+static void
+array_type_mark(ArrayType *array)
+{
+    rb_gc_mark(array->rbComponentType);
+}
+
+static void
+array_type_free(ArrayType *array)
+{
+    xfree(array->base.ffiType);
+    xfree(array->ffiTypes);
+    xfree(array);
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * call-seq: initialize(component_type, length)
+ * @param [Type] component_type
+ * @param [Numeric] length
+ * @return [self]
+ * A new instance of ArrayType.
+ */
+static VALUE
+array_type_initialize(VALUE self, VALUE rbComponentType, VALUE rbLength)
+{
+    ArrayType* array;
+    int i;
+
+    Data_Get_Struct(self, ArrayType, array);
+
+    array->length = NUM2UINT(rbLength);
+    array->rbComponentType = rbComponentType;
+    Data_Get_Struct(rbComponentType, Type, array->componentType);
+    
+    array->ffiTypes = xcalloc(array->length + 1, sizeof(*array->ffiTypes));
+    array->base.ffiType->elements = array->ffiTypes;
+    array->base.ffiType->size = array->componentType->ffiType->size * array->length;
+    array->base.ffiType->alignment = array->componentType->ffiType->alignment;
+
+    for (i = 0; i < array->length; ++i) {
+        array->ffiTypes[i] = array->componentType->ffiType;
+    }
+
+    return self;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq: length
+ * @return [Numeric]
+ * Get array's length
+ */
+static VALUE
+array_type_length(VALUE self)
+{
+    ArrayType* array;
+
+    Data_Get_Struct(self, ArrayType, array);
+
+    return UINT2NUM(array->length);
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq: element_type
+ * @return [Type]
+ * Get element type.
+ */
+static VALUE
+array_type_element_type(VALUE self)
+{
+    ArrayType* array;
+
+    Data_Get_Struct(self, ArrayType, array);
+
+    return array->rbComponentType;
+}
+
+void
+rbffi_ArrayType_Init(VALUE moduleFFI)
+{
+    VALUE ffi_Type;
+
+    ffi_Type = rbffi_TypeClass;
+
+    /*
+     * Document-class: FFI::ArrayType < FFI::Type
+     *
+     * This is a typed array. The type is a {NativeType native type}.
+     */
+    rbffi_ArrayTypeClass = rb_define_class_under(moduleFFI, "ArrayType", ffi_Type);
+    /*
+     * Document-variable: FFI::ArrayType
+     */
+    rb_global_variable(&rbffi_ArrayTypeClass);
+    /*
+     * Document-constant: FFI::Type::Array
+     */
+    rb_define_const(ffi_Type, "Array", rbffi_ArrayTypeClass);
+
+    rb_define_alloc_func(rbffi_ArrayTypeClass, array_type_s_allocate);
+    rb_define_method(rbffi_ArrayTypeClass, "initialize", array_type_initialize, 2);
+    rb_define_method(rbffi_ArrayTypeClass, "length", array_type_length, 0);
+    rb_define_method(rbffi_ArrayTypeClass, "elem_type", array_type_element_type, 0);
+}
+
diff --git a/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/ArrayType.h b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/ArrayType.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..356ffb1c28261c09444c9e6f6594a819a97b575e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/ArrayType.h
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2009, Wayne Meissner
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2008-2013, Ruby FFI project contributors
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+ *     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ *     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *       documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ *     * Neither the name of the Ruby FFI project nor the
+ *       names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products
+ *       derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND
+ * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
+ * WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
+ * DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL <COPYRIGHT HOLDER> BE LIABLE FOR ANY
+ * DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
+ * (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
+ * LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND
+ * ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+ * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
+ * SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+#ifndef RBFFI_ARRAYTYPE_H
+#define	RBFFI_ARRAYTYPE_H
+
+#include <ruby.h>
+#include <ffi.h>
+#include "Type.h"
+
+#ifdef	__cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+
+typedef struct ArrayType_ {
+    Type base;
+    int length;
+    ffi_type** ffiTypes;
+    Type* componentType;
+    VALUE rbComponentType;
+} ArrayType;
+
+extern void rbffi_ArrayType_Init(VALUE moduleFFI);
+extern VALUE rbffi_ArrayTypeClass;
+
+
+#ifdef	__cplusplus
+}
+#endif
+
+#endif	/* RBFFI_ARRAYTYPE_H */
+
diff --git a/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/Buffer.c b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/Buffer.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..faf4834d028a7fe7b7a9f963e93222f6b84cee04
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/Buffer.c
@@ -0,0 +1,365 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2008-2010 Wayne Meissner
+ * Copyright (C) 2009 Aman Gupta <aman@tmm1.net>
+ * 
+ * Copyright (c) 2008-2013, Ruby FFI project contributors
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+ *     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ *     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *       documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ *     * Neither the name of the Ruby FFI project nor the
+ *       names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products
+ *       derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND
+ * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
+ * WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
+ * DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL <COPYRIGHT HOLDER> BE LIABLE FOR ANY
+ * DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
+ * (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
+ * LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND
+ * ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+ * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
+ * SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+#ifndef _MSC_VER
+# include <stdint.h>
+# include <stdbool.h>
+#else
+# include "win32/stdbool.h"
+# include "win32/stdint.h"
+#endif
+#include <limits.h>
+#include <ruby.h>
+#include "rbffi.h"
+#include "rbffi_endian.h"
+#include "AbstractMemory.h"
+
+#define BUFFER_EMBED_MAXLEN (8)
+typedef struct Buffer {
+    AbstractMemory memory;
+    
+    union {
+        VALUE rbParent; /* link to parent buffer */
+        char* storage; /* start of malloc area */
+        long embed[BUFFER_EMBED_MAXLEN / sizeof(long)]; /* storage for tiny allocations */
+    } data;
+} Buffer;
+
+static VALUE buffer_allocate(VALUE klass);
+static VALUE buffer_initialize(int argc, VALUE* argv, VALUE self);
+static void buffer_release(Buffer* ptr);
+static void buffer_mark(Buffer* ptr);
+static VALUE buffer_free(VALUE self);
+
+static VALUE BufferClass = Qnil;
+
+static VALUE
+buffer_allocate(VALUE klass)
+{
+    Buffer* buffer;
+    VALUE obj;
+
+    obj = Data_Make_Struct(klass, Buffer, NULL, buffer_release, buffer);
+    buffer->data.rbParent = Qnil;
+    buffer->memory.flags = MEM_RD | MEM_WR;
+
+    return obj;
+}
+
+static void
+buffer_release(Buffer* ptr)
+{
+    if ((ptr->memory.flags & MEM_EMBED) == 0 && ptr->data.storage != NULL) {
+        xfree(ptr->data.storage);
+        ptr->data.storage = NULL;
+    }
+    
+    xfree(ptr);
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq: initialize(size, count=1, clear=false)
+ * @param [Integer, Symbol, #size] Type or size in bytes of a buffer cell
+ * @param [Fixnum] count number of cell in the Buffer
+ * @param [Boolean] clear if true, set the buffer to all-zero
+ * @return [self]
+ * @raise {NoMemoryError} if failed to allocate memory for Buffer
+ * A new instance of Buffer.
+ */
+static VALUE
+buffer_initialize(int argc, VALUE* argv, VALUE self)
+{
+    VALUE rbSize = Qnil, rbCount = Qnil, rbClear = Qnil;
+    Buffer* p;
+    int nargs;
+
+    Data_Get_Struct(self, Buffer, p);
+
+    nargs = rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "12", &rbSize, &rbCount, &rbClear);
+    p->memory.typeSize = rbffi_type_size(rbSize);
+    p->memory.size = p->memory.typeSize * (nargs > 1 ? NUM2LONG(rbCount) : 1);
+
+    if (p->memory.size > BUFFER_EMBED_MAXLEN) {
+        p->data.storage = xmalloc(p->memory.size + 7);
+        if (p->data.storage == NULL) {
+            rb_raise(rb_eNoMemError, "Failed to allocate memory size=%lu bytes", p->memory.size);
+            return Qnil;
+        }
+
+        /* ensure the memory is aligned on at least a 8 byte boundary */
+        p->memory.address = (void *) (((uintptr_t) p->data.storage + 0x7) & (uintptr_t) ~0x7UL);
+    
+        if (p->memory.size > 0 && (nargs < 3 || RTEST(rbClear))) {
+            memset(p->memory.address, 0, p->memory.size);
+        }
+    
+    } else {
+        p->memory.flags |= MEM_EMBED;
+        p->memory.address = (void *) &p->data.embed[0];
+    }
+
+    if (rb_block_given_p()) {
+        return rb_ensure(rb_yield, self, buffer_free, self);
+    }
+
+    return self;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq: initialize_copy(other)
+ * @return [self]
+ * DO NOT CALL THIS METHOD.
+ */
+static VALUE
+buffer_initialize_copy(VALUE self, VALUE other)
+{
+    AbstractMemory* src;
+    Buffer* dst;
+    
+    Data_Get_Struct(self, Buffer, dst);
+    src = rbffi_AbstractMemory_Cast(other, BufferClass);
+    if ((dst->memory.flags & MEM_EMBED) == 0 && dst->data.storage != NULL) {
+        xfree(dst->data.storage);
+    }
+    dst->data.storage = xmalloc(src->size + 7);
+    if (dst->data.storage == NULL) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eNoMemError, "failed to allocate memory size=%lu bytes", src->size);
+        return Qnil;
+    }
+    
+    dst->memory.address = (void *) (((uintptr_t) dst->data.storage + 0x7) & (uintptr_t) ~0x7UL);
+    dst->memory.size = src->size;
+    dst->memory.typeSize = src->typeSize;
+    
+    /* finally, copy the actual buffer contents */
+    memcpy(dst->memory.address, src->address, src->size);
+
+    return self;
+}
+
+static VALUE
+buffer_alloc_inout(int argc, VALUE* argv, VALUE klass)
+{
+    return buffer_initialize(argc, argv, buffer_allocate(klass));
+}
+
+static VALUE
+slice(VALUE self, long offset, long len)
+{
+    Buffer* ptr;
+    Buffer* result;
+    VALUE obj = Qnil;
+    
+    Data_Get_Struct(self, Buffer, ptr);
+    checkBounds(&ptr->memory, offset, len);
+
+    obj = Data_Make_Struct(BufferClass, Buffer, buffer_mark, -1, result);
+    result->memory.address = ptr->memory.address + offset;
+    result->memory.size = len;
+    result->memory.flags = ptr->memory.flags;
+    result->memory.typeSize = ptr->memory.typeSize;
+    result->data.rbParent = self;
+
+    return obj;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq: + offset
+ * @param [Numeric] offset
+ * @return [Buffer] a new instance of Buffer pointing from offset until end of previous buffer.
+ * Add a Buffer with an offset
+ */
+static VALUE
+buffer_plus(VALUE self, VALUE rbOffset)
+{
+    Buffer* ptr;
+    long offset = NUM2LONG(rbOffset);
+
+    Data_Get_Struct(self, Buffer, ptr);
+
+    return slice(self, offset, ptr->memory.size - offset);
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq: slice(offset, length)
+ * @param [Numeric] offset
+ * @param [Numeric] length
+ * @return [Buffer] a new instance of Buffer
+ * Slice an existing Buffer.
+ */
+static VALUE
+buffer_slice(VALUE self, VALUE rbOffset, VALUE rbLength)
+{
+    return slice(self, NUM2LONG(rbOffset), NUM2LONG(rbLength));
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq: inspect
+ * @return [String]
+ * Inspect a Buffer.
+ */
+static VALUE
+buffer_inspect(VALUE self)
+{
+    char tmp[100];
+    Buffer* ptr;
+
+    Data_Get_Struct(self, Buffer, ptr);
+
+    snprintf(tmp, sizeof(tmp), "#<FFI:Buffer:%p address=%p size=%ld>", ptr, ptr->memory.address, ptr->memory.size);
+    
+    return rb_str_new2(tmp);
+}
+
+
+#if BYTE_ORDER == LITTLE_ENDIAN
+# define SWAPPED_ORDER BIG_ENDIAN
+#else
+# define SWAPPED_ORDER LITTLE_ENDIAN
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * Set or get endianness of Buffer.
+ * @overload order
+ *  @return [:big, :little]
+ *  Get endianness of Buffer.
+ * @overload order(order)
+ *  @param [:big, :little, :network] order
+ *  @return [self]
+ *  Set endianness of Buffer (+:network+ is an alias for +:big+).
+ */
+static VALUE
+buffer_order(int argc, VALUE* argv, VALUE self)
+{
+    Buffer* ptr;
+
+    Data_Get_Struct(self, Buffer, ptr);
+    if (argc == 0) {
+        int order = (ptr->memory.flags & MEM_SWAP) == 0 ? BYTE_ORDER : SWAPPED_ORDER;
+        return order == BIG_ENDIAN ? ID2SYM(rb_intern("big")) : ID2SYM(rb_intern("little"));
+    } else {
+        VALUE rbOrder = Qnil;
+        int order = BYTE_ORDER;
+
+        if (rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "1", &rbOrder) < 1) {
+            rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "need byte order");
+        }
+        if (SYMBOL_P(rbOrder)) {
+            ID id = SYM2ID(rbOrder);
+            if (id == rb_intern("little")) {
+                order = LITTLE_ENDIAN;
+
+            } else if (id == rb_intern("big") || id == rb_intern("network")) {
+                order = BIG_ENDIAN;
+            }
+        }
+        if (order != BYTE_ORDER) {
+            Buffer* p2;
+            VALUE retval = slice(self, 0, ptr->memory.size);
+
+            Data_Get_Struct(retval, Buffer, p2);
+            p2->memory.flags |= MEM_SWAP;
+            return retval;
+        }
+
+        return self;
+    }
+}
+
+/* Only used to free the buffer if the yield in the initializer throws an exception */
+static VALUE
+buffer_free(VALUE self)
+{
+    Buffer* ptr;
+
+    Data_Get_Struct(self, Buffer, ptr);
+    if ((ptr->memory.flags & MEM_EMBED) == 0 && ptr->data.storage != NULL) {
+        xfree(ptr->data.storage);
+        ptr->data.storage = NULL;
+    }
+
+    return self;
+}
+
+static void
+buffer_mark(Buffer* ptr)
+{
+    rb_gc_mark(ptr->data.rbParent);
+}
+
+void
+rbffi_Buffer_Init(VALUE moduleFFI)
+{
+    VALUE ffi_AbstractMemory =  rbffi_AbstractMemoryClass;
+
+    /*
+     * Document-class: FFI::Buffer < FFI::AbstractMemory
+     *
+     * A Buffer is a function argument type. It should be use with functions playing with C arrays.
+     */
+    BufferClass = rb_define_class_under(moduleFFI, "Buffer", ffi_AbstractMemory);
+
+    /*
+     * Document-variable: FFI::Buffer
+     */
+    rb_global_variable(&BufferClass);
+    rb_define_alloc_func(BufferClass, buffer_allocate);
+
+    /*
+     * Document-method: alloc_inout
+     * call-seq: alloc_inout(*args)
+     * Create a new Buffer for in and out arguments (alias : <i>new_inout</i>).
+     */
+    rb_define_singleton_method(BufferClass, "alloc_inout", buffer_alloc_inout, -1);
+    /*
+     * Document-method: alloc_out
+     * call-seq: alloc_out(*args)
+     * Create a new Buffer for out arguments (alias : <i>new_out</i>).
+     */
+    rb_define_singleton_method(BufferClass, "alloc_out", buffer_alloc_inout, -1);
+    /*
+     * Document-method: alloc_in
+     * call-seq: alloc_in(*args)
+     * Create a new Buffer for in arguments (alias : <i>new_in</i>).
+     */
+    rb_define_singleton_method(BufferClass, "alloc_in", buffer_alloc_inout, -1);
+    rb_define_alias(rb_singleton_class(BufferClass), "new_in", "alloc_in");
+    rb_define_alias(rb_singleton_class(BufferClass), "new_out", "alloc_out");
+    rb_define_alias(rb_singleton_class(BufferClass), "new_inout", "alloc_inout");
+    
+    rb_define_method(BufferClass, "initialize", buffer_initialize, -1);
+    rb_define_method(BufferClass, "initialize_copy", buffer_initialize_copy, 1);
+    rb_define_method(BufferClass, "order", buffer_order, -1);
+    rb_define_method(BufferClass, "inspect", buffer_inspect, 0);
+    rb_define_alias(BufferClass, "length", "total");
+    rb_define_method(BufferClass, "+", buffer_plus, 1);
+    rb_define_method(BufferClass, "slice", buffer_slice, 2);
+}
+
diff --git a/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/Call.c b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/Call.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0b9aceb87268a27f99e95f72e5a2faf12e2ee85d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/Call.c
@@ -0,0 +1,520 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2009, Wayne Meissner
+ * Copyright (c) 2009, Luc Heinrich <luc@honk-honk.com>
+ * Copyright (c) 2009, Mike Dalessio <mike.dalessio@gmail.com>
+ * Copyright (c) 2009, Aman Gupta.
+ * Copyright (c) 2008-2013, Ruby FFI project contributors
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+ *     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ *     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *       documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ *     * Neither the name of the Ruby FFI project nor the
+ *       names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products
+ *       derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND
+ * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
+ * WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
+ * DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL <COPYRIGHT HOLDER> BE LIABLE FOR ANY
+ * DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
+ * (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
+ * LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND
+ * ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+ * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
+ * SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+#ifndef _MSC_VER
+#include <sys/param.h>
+#endif
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#ifndef _MSC_VER
+# include <stdint.h>
+# include <stdbool.h>
+#else
+# include "win32/stdbool.h"
+# include "win32/stdint.h"
+#endif
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <ruby.h>
+#if defined(HAVE_RUBY_THREAD_H)
+#include <ruby/thread.h>
+#endif
+#if defined(HAVE_NATIVETHREAD) && (defined(HAVE_RB_THREAD_BLOCKING_REGION) || defined(HAVE_RB_THREAD_CALL_WITHOUT_GVL)) && !defined(_WIN32)
+#  include <signal.h>
+#  include <pthread.h>
+#endif
+#include <ffi.h>
+#include "extconf.h"
+#include "rbffi.h"
+#include "compat.h"
+#include "AbstractMemory.h"
+#include "Pointer.h"
+#include "Struct.h"
+#include "Function.h"
+#include "Type.h"
+#include "LastError.h"
+#include "Call.h"
+#include "MappedType.h"
+#include "Thread.h"
+#include "LongDouble.h"
+
+#ifdef USE_RAW
+#  ifndef __i386__
+#    error "RAW argument packing only supported on i386"
+#  endif
+
+#define INT8_ADJ (4)
+#define INT16_ADJ (4)
+#define INT32_ADJ (4)
+#define INT64_ADJ (8)
+#define LONG_ADJ (sizeof(long))
+#define FLOAT32_ADJ (4)
+#define FLOAT64_ADJ (8)
+#define ADDRESS_ADJ (sizeof(void *))
+#define LONGDOUBLE_ADJ (ffi_type_longdouble.alignment)
+
+#endif /* USE_RAW */
+
+#ifdef USE_RAW
+#  define ADJ(p, a) ((p) = (FFIStorage*) (((char *) p) + a##_ADJ))
+#else
+#  define ADJ(p, a) (++(p))
+#endif
+
+static void* callback_param(VALUE proc, VALUE cbinfo);
+static inline void* getPointer(VALUE value, int type);
+
+static ID id_to_ptr, id_map_symbol, id_to_native;
+
+void
+rbffi_SetupCallParams(int argc, VALUE* argv, int paramCount, Type** paramTypes,
+        FFIStorage* paramStorage, void** ffiValues,
+        VALUE* callbackParameters, int callbackCount, VALUE enums)
+{
+    VALUE callbackProc = Qnil;
+    FFIStorage* param = &paramStorage[0];
+    int i, argidx, cbidx, argCount;
+
+    if (unlikely(paramCount != -1 && paramCount != argc)) {
+        if (argc == (paramCount - 1) && callbackCount == 1 && rb_block_given_p()) {
+            callbackProc = rb_block_proc();
+        } else {
+            rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "wrong number of arguments (%d for %d)", argc, paramCount);
+        }
+    }
+
+    argCount = paramCount != -1 ? paramCount : argc;
+
+    for (i = 0, argidx = 0, cbidx = 0; i < argCount; ++i) {
+        Type* paramType = paramTypes[i];
+        int type;
+
+        
+        if (unlikely(paramType->nativeType == NATIVE_MAPPED)) {
+            VALUE values[] = { argv[argidx], Qnil };
+            argv[argidx] = rb_funcall2(((MappedType *) paramType)->rbConverter, id_to_native, 2, values);
+            paramType = ((MappedType *) paramType)->type;
+        }
+
+        type = argidx < argc ? TYPE(argv[argidx]) : T_NONE;
+        ffiValues[i] = param;
+
+        switch (paramType->nativeType) {
+
+            case NATIVE_INT8:
+                if (unlikely(type == T_SYMBOL && enums != Qnil)) {
+                    VALUE value = rb_funcall(enums, id_map_symbol, 1, argv[argidx]);
+                    param->s8 = NUM2INT(value);
+                } else {
+                    param->s8 = NUM2INT(argv[argidx]);
+                }
+
+                ++argidx;
+                ADJ(param, INT8);
+                break;
+
+            case NATIVE_INT16:
+                if (unlikely(type == T_SYMBOL && enums != Qnil)) {
+                    VALUE value = rb_funcall(enums, id_map_symbol, 1, argv[argidx]);
+                    param->s16 = NUM2INT(value);
+
+                } else {
+                    param->s16 = NUM2INT(argv[argidx]);
+                }
+
+                ++argidx;
+                ADJ(param, INT16);
+                break;
+
+            case NATIVE_INT32:
+                if (unlikely(type == T_SYMBOL && enums != Qnil)) {
+                    VALUE value = rb_funcall(enums, id_map_symbol, 1, argv[argidx]);
+                    param->s32 = NUM2INT(value);
+
+                } else {
+                    param->s32 = NUM2INT(argv[argidx]);
+                }
+
+                ++argidx;
+                ADJ(param, INT32);
+                break;
+
+            case NATIVE_BOOL:
+                if (type != T_TRUE && type != T_FALSE) {
+                    rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "wrong argument type  (expected a boolean parameter)");
+                }
+                param->s8 = argv[argidx++] == Qtrue;
+                ADJ(param, INT8);
+                break;
+
+            case NATIVE_UINT8:
+                if (unlikely(type == T_SYMBOL && enums != Qnil)) {
+                    VALUE value = rb_funcall(enums, id_map_symbol, 1, argv[argidx]);
+                    param->u8 = NUM2UINT(value);
+                } else {
+                    param->u8 = NUM2UINT(argv[argidx]);
+                }
+
+                ADJ(param, INT8);
+                ++argidx;
+                break;
+
+            case NATIVE_UINT16:
+                if (unlikely(type == T_SYMBOL && enums != Qnil)) {
+                    VALUE value = rb_funcall(enums, id_map_symbol, 1, argv[argidx]);
+                    param->u16 = NUM2UINT(value);
+                } else {
+                    param->u16 = NUM2UINT(argv[argidx]);
+                }
+
+                ADJ(param, INT16);
+                ++argidx;
+                break;
+
+            case NATIVE_UINT32:
+                if (unlikely(type == T_SYMBOL && enums != Qnil)) {
+                    VALUE value = rb_funcall(enums, id_map_symbol, 1, argv[argidx]);
+                    param->u32 = NUM2UINT(value);
+                } else {
+                    param->u32 = NUM2UINT(argv[argidx]);
+                }
+
+                ADJ(param, INT32);
+                ++argidx;
+                break;
+
+            case NATIVE_INT64:
+                if (unlikely(type == T_SYMBOL && enums != Qnil)) {
+                    VALUE value = rb_funcall(enums, id_map_symbol, 1, argv[argidx]);
+                    param->i64 = NUM2LL(value);
+                } else {
+                    param->i64 = NUM2LL(argv[argidx]);
+                }
+
+                ADJ(param, INT64);
+                ++argidx;
+                break;
+
+            case NATIVE_UINT64:
+                if (unlikely(type == T_SYMBOL && enums != Qnil)) {
+                    VALUE value = rb_funcall(enums, id_map_symbol, 1, argv[argidx]);
+                    param->u64 = NUM2ULL(value);
+                } else {
+                    param->u64 = NUM2ULL(argv[argidx]);
+                }
+
+                ADJ(param, INT64);
+                ++argidx;
+                break;
+
+            case NATIVE_LONG:
+                if (unlikely(type == T_SYMBOL && enums != Qnil)) {
+                    VALUE value = rb_funcall(enums, id_map_symbol, 1, argv[argidx]);
+                    *(ffi_sarg *) param = NUM2LONG(value);
+                } else {
+                    *(ffi_sarg *) param = NUM2LONG(argv[argidx]);
+                }
+
+                ADJ(param, LONG);
+                ++argidx;
+                break;
+
+            case NATIVE_ULONG:
+                if (unlikely(type == T_SYMBOL && enums != Qnil)) {
+                    VALUE value = rb_funcall(enums, id_map_symbol, 1, argv[argidx]);
+                    *(ffi_arg *) param = NUM2ULONG(value);
+                } else {
+                    *(ffi_arg *) param = NUM2ULONG(argv[argidx]);
+                }
+
+                ADJ(param, LONG);
+                ++argidx;
+                break;
+
+            case NATIVE_FLOAT32:
+                if (unlikely(type == T_SYMBOL && enums != Qnil)) {
+                    VALUE value = rb_funcall(enums, id_map_symbol, 1, argv[argidx]);
+                    param->f32 = (float) NUM2DBL(value);
+                } else {
+                    param->f32 = (float) NUM2DBL(argv[argidx]);
+                }
+
+                ADJ(param, FLOAT32);
+                ++argidx;
+                break;
+
+            case NATIVE_FLOAT64:
+                if (unlikely(type == T_SYMBOL && enums != Qnil)) {
+                    VALUE value = rb_funcall(enums, id_map_symbol, 1, argv[argidx]);
+                    param->f64 = NUM2DBL(value);
+                } else {
+                    param->f64 = NUM2DBL(argv[argidx]);
+                }
+
+                ADJ(param, FLOAT64);
+                ++argidx;
+                break;
+
+            case NATIVE_LONGDOUBLE:
+                if (unlikely(type == T_SYMBOL && enums != Qnil)) {
+                    VALUE value = rb_funcall(enums, id_map_symbol, 1, argv[argidx]);
+                    param->ld = rbffi_num2longdouble(value);
+                } else {
+                    param->ld = rbffi_num2longdouble(argv[argidx]);
+                }
+
+                ADJ(param, LONGDOUBLE);
+                ++argidx;
+                break;
+
+
+            case NATIVE_STRING:
+                if (type == T_NIL) {
+                    param->ptr = NULL; 
+                
+                } else {
+                    if (rb_safe_level() >= 1 && OBJ_TAINTED(argv[argidx])) {
+                        rb_raise(rb_eSecurityError, "Unsafe string parameter");
+                    }
+
+                    param->ptr = StringValueCStr(argv[argidx]);
+                }
+
+                ADJ(param, ADDRESS);
+                ++argidx;
+                break;
+
+            case NATIVE_POINTER:
+            case NATIVE_BUFFER_IN:
+            case NATIVE_BUFFER_OUT:
+            case NATIVE_BUFFER_INOUT:
+                param->ptr = getPointer(argv[argidx++], type);
+                ADJ(param, ADDRESS);
+                break;
+
+
+            case NATIVE_FUNCTION:
+            case NATIVE_CALLBACK:
+                if (callbackProc != Qnil) {
+                    param->ptr = callback_param(callbackProc, callbackParameters[cbidx++]);
+                } else {
+                    param->ptr = callback_param(argv[argidx], callbackParameters[cbidx++]);
+                    ++argidx;
+                }
+                ADJ(param, ADDRESS);
+                break;
+
+            case NATIVE_STRUCT:
+                ffiValues[i] = getPointer(argv[argidx++], type);
+                break;
+
+            default:
+                rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "Invalid parameter type: %d", paramType->nativeType);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+static void *
+call_blocking_function(void* data)
+{
+    rbffi_blocking_call_t* b = (rbffi_blocking_call_t *) data;
+    b->frame->has_gvl = false;
+    ffi_call(&b->cif, FFI_FN(b->function), b->retval, b->ffiValues);
+    b->frame->has_gvl = true;
+
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+VALUE
+rbffi_do_blocking_call(void *data)
+{
+    rbffi_thread_blocking_region(call_blocking_function, data, (void *) -1, NULL);
+
+    return Qnil;
+}
+
+VALUE
+rbffi_save_frame_exception(void *data, VALUE exc)
+{
+    rbffi_frame_t* frame = (rbffi_frame_t *) data;
+    frame->exc = exc;
+    return Qnil;
+}
+
+VALUE
+rbffi_CallFunction(int argc, VALUE* argv, void* function, FunctionType* fnInfo)
+{
+    void* retval;
+    void** ffiValues;
+    FFIStorage* params;
+    VALUE rbReturnValue;
+    rbffi_frame_t frame = { 0 };
+    
+    retval = alloca(MAX(fnInfo->ffi_cif.rtype->size, FFI_SIZEOF_ARG));
+    
+    if (unlikely(fnInfo->blocking)) {
+        rbffi_blocking_call_t* bc;
+
+        /*
+         * due to the way thread switching works on older ruby variants, we
+         * cannot allocate anything passed to the blocking function on the stack
+         */
+#if defined(HAVE_RB_THREAD_BLOCKING_REGION) || defined(HAVE_RB_THREAD_CALL_WITHOUT_GVL)
+        ffiValues = ALLOCA_N(void *, fnInfo->parameterCount);
+        params = ALLOCA_N(FFIStorage, fnInfo->parameterCount);
+        bc = ALLOCA_N(rbffi_blocking_call_t, 1);
+        bc->retval = retval;
+#else
+        ffiValues = ALLOC_N(void *, fnInfo->parameterCount);
+        params = ALLOC_N(FFIStorage, fnInfo->parameterCount);
+        bc = ALLOC_N(rbffi_blocking_call_t, 1);
+        bc->retval = xmalloc(MAX(fnInfo->ffi_cif.rtype->size, FFI_SIZEOF_ARG));
+        bc->stkretval = retval;
+#endif
+        bc->cif = fnInfo->ffi_cif;
+        bc->function = function;
+        bc->ffiValues = ffiValues;
+        bc->params = params;
+        bc->frame = &frame;
+
+        rbffi_SetupCallParams(argc, argv,
+            fnInfo->parameterCount, fnInfo->parameterTypes, params, ffiValues,
+            fnInfo->callbackParameters, fnInfo->callbackCount, fnInfo->rbEnums);
+
+        rbffi_frame_push(&frame); 
+        rb_rescue2(rbffi_do_blocking_call, (VALUE) bc, rbffi_save_frame_exception, (VALUE) &frame, rb_eException, (VALUE) 0);
+        rbffi_frame_pop(&frame);
+
+#if !(defined(HAVE_RB_THREAD_BLOCKING_REGION) || defined(HAVE_RB_THREAD_CALL_WITHOUT_GVL))
+        memcpy(bc->stkretval, bc->retval, MAX(bc->cif.rtype->size, FFI_SIZEOF_ARG));
+        xfree(bc->params);
+        xfree(bc->ffiValues);
+        xfree(bc->retval);
+        xfree(bc);
+#endif
+    
+    } else {
+
+        ffiValues = ALLOCA_N(void *, fnInfo->parameterCount);
+        params = ALLOCA_N(FFIStorage, fnInfo->parameterCount);
+
+        rbffi_SetupCallParams(argc, argv,
+            fnInfo->parameterCount, fnInfo->parameterTypes, params, ffiValues,
+            fnInfo->callbackParameters, fnInfo->callbackCount, fnInfo->rbEnums);
+
+        rbffi_frame_push(&frame);
+        ffi_call(&fnInfo->ffi_cif, FFI_FN(function), retval, ffiValues);
+        rbffi_frame_pop(&frame);
+    }
+
+    if (unlikely(!fnInfo->ignoreErrno)) {
+        rbffi_save_errno();
+    }    
+
+    if (RTEST(frame.exc) && frame.exc != Qnil) {
+        rb_exc_raise(frame.exc);
+    }
+
+    RB_GC_GUARD(rbReturnValue) = rbffi_NativeValue_ToRuby(fnInfo->returnType, fnInfo->rbReturnType, retval);
+    RB_GC_GUARD(fnInfo->rbReturnType);
+    
+    return rbReturnValue;
+}
+
+static inline void*
+getPointer(VALUE value, int type)
+{
+    if (likely(type == T_DATA && rb_obj_is_kind_of(value, rbffi_AbstractMemoryClass))) {
+
+        return ((AbstractMemory *) DATA_PTR(value))->address;
+
+    } else if (type == T_DATA && rb_obj_is_kind_of(value, rbffi_StructClass)) {
+
+        AbstractMemory* memory = ((Struct *) DATA_PTR(value))->pointer;
+        return memory != NULL ? memory->address : NULL;
+
+    } else if (type == T_STRING) {
+        
+        return StringValuePtr(value);
+
+    } else if (type == T_NIL) {
+
+        return NULL;
+
+    } else if (rb_respond_to(value, id_to_ptr)) {
+
+        VALUE ptr = rb_funcall2(value, id_to_ptr, 0, NULL);
+        if (rb_obj_is_kind_of(ptr, rbffi_AbstractMemoryClass) && TYPE(ptr) == T_DATA) {
+            return ((AbstractMemory *) DATA_PTR(ptr))->address;
+        }
+        rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "to_ptr returned an invalid pointer");
+    }
+
+    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, ":pointer argument is not a valid pointer");
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+Invoker
+rbffi_GetInvoker(FunctionType *fnInfo)
+{
+    return rbffi_CallFunction;
+}
+
+
+static void*
+callback_param(VALUE proc, VALUE cbInfo)
+{
+    VALUE callback ;
+    if (unlikely(proc == Qnil)) {
+        return NULL ;
+    }
+
+    /* Handle Function pointers here */
+    if (rb_obj_is_kind_of(proc, rbffi_FunctionClass)) {
+        AbstractMemory* ptr;
+        Data_Get_Struct(proc, AbstractMemory, ptr);
+        return ptr->address;
+    }
+
+    callback = rbffi_Function_ForProc(cbInfo, proc);
+    RB_GC_GUARD(callback);
+
+    return ((AbstractMemory *) DATA_PTR(callback))->address;
+}
+
+
+void
+rbffi_Call_Init(VALUE moduleFFI)
+{
+    id_to_ptr = rb_intern("to_ptr");
+    id_to_native = rb_intern("to_native");
+    id_map_symbol = rb_intern("__map_symbol");
+}
+
diff --git a/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/Call.h b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/Call.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..56bdd61a6f20c9e61380e809fd5f484526d9c163
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/Call.h
@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2009, Wayne Meissner
+ * Copyright (c) 2009, Luc Heinrich <luc@honk-honk.com>
+ * Copyright (c) 2009, Mike Dalessio <mike.dalessio@gmail.com>
+ * Copyright (c) 2009, Aman Gupta.
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2008-2013, Ruby FFI project contributors
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+ *     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ *     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *       documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ *     * Neither the name of the Ruby FFI project nor the
+ *       names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products
+ *       derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND
+ * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
+ * WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
+ * DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL <COPYRIGHT HOLDER> BE LIABLE FOR ANY
+ * DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
+ * (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
+ * LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND
+ * ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+ * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
+ * SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+#ifndef RBFFI_CALL_H
+#define	RBFFI_CALL_H
+
+#include "Thread.h"
+
+#ifdef	__cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+#if defined(__i386__) && \
+  (defined(HAVE_RAW_API) || defined(USE_INTERNAL_LIBFFI)) && \
+  !defined(_WIN32) && !defined(__WIN32__)
+#  define USE_RAW
+#endif
+
+#if (defined(__i386__) || defined(__x86_64__)) && !(defined(_WIN32) || defined(__WIN32__))
+#  define BYPASS_FFI 1
+#endif
+    
+typedef union {
+#ifdef USE_RAW
+    signed int s8, s16, s32;
+    unsigned int u8, u16, u32;
+#else
+    signed char s8;
+    unsigned char u8;
+    signed short s16;
+    unsigned short u16;
+    signed int s32;
+    unsigned int u32;
+#endif
+    signed long long i64;
+    unsigned long long u64;
+    signed long sl;
+    unsigned long ul;
+    void* ptr;
+    float f32;
+    double f64;
+    long double ld;
+} FFIStorage;
+ 
+extern void rbffi_Call_Init(VALUE moduleFFI);
+
+extern void rbffi_SetupCallParams(int argc, VALUE* argv, int paramCount, Type** paramTypes,
+        FFIStorage* paramStorage, void** ffiValues,
+        VALUE* callbackParameters, int callbackCount, VALUE enums);
+
+struct FunctionType_;
+extern VALUE rbffi_CallFunction(int argc, VALUE* argv, void* function, struct FunctionType_* fnInfo);
+
+typedef VALUE (*Invoker)(int argc, VALUE* argv, void* function, struct FunctionType_* fnInfo);
+
+Invoker rbffi_GetInvoker(struct FunctionType_* fnInfo);
+
+extern VALUE rbffi_GetEnumValue(VALUE enums, VALUE value);
+extern int rbffi_GetSignedIntValue(VALUE value, int type, int minValue, int maxValue, const char* typeName, VALUE enums);
+
+typedef struct rbffi_blocking_call {
+    rbffi_frame_t* frame;
+    void* function;
+    ffi_cif cif;
+    void **ffiValues;
+    void* retval;
+    void* params;
+#if !(defined(HAVE_RB_THREAD_BLOCKING_REGION) || defined(HAVE_RB_THREAD_CALL_WITHOUT_GVL))
+    void* stkretval;
+#endif
+} rbffi_blocking_call_t;
+
+VALUE rbffi_do_blocking_call(void* data);
+VALUE rbffi_save_frame_exception(void *data, VALUE exc);
+
+#ifdef	__cplusplus
+}
+#endif
+
+#endif	/* RBFFI_CALL_H */
+
diff --git a/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/ClosurePool.c b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/ClosurePool.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5499b40d454344c63c8edebf21c5bcf9c6f7303f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/ClosurePool.c
@@ -0,0 +1,283 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2009, 2010 Wayne Meissner
+ * Copyright (c) 2008-2013, Ruby FFI project contributors
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+ *     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ *     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *       documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ *     * Neither the name of the Ruby FFI project nor the
+ *       names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products
+ *       derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND
+ * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
+ * WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
+ * DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL <COPYRIGHT HOLDER> BE LIABLE FOR ANY
+ * DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
+ * (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
+ * LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND
+ * ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+ * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
+ * SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+#ifndef _MSC_VER
+#include <sys/param.h>
+#endif
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#if defined(__CYGWIN__) || !defined(_WIN32)
+#  include <sys/mman.h>
+#endif
+#include <stdio.h>
+#ifndef _MSC_VER
+# include <stdint.h>
+# include <stdbool.h>
+#else
+# include "win32/stdbool.h"
+# include "win32/stdint.h"
+#endif
+#if defined(__CYGWIN__) || !defined(_WIN32)
+#  include <unistd.h>
+#else
+#  include <winsock2.h>
+#  define _WINSOCKAPI_
+#  include <windows.h>
+#endif
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <ruby.h>
+
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) && !defined(INT8_MIN)
+#  include "win32/stdint.h"
+#endif
+#include <ffi.h>
+#include "rbffi.h"
+#include "compat.h"
+
+#include "Function.h"
+#include "Types.h"
+#include "Type.h"
+#include "LastError.h"
+#include "Call.h"
+
+#include "ClosurePool.h"
+
+
+#ifndef roundup
+#  define roundup(x, y)   ((((x)+((y)-1))/(y))*(y))
+#endif
+#ifdef _WIN32
+  typedef char* caddr_t;
+#endif
+
+typedef struct Memory {
+    void* code;
+    void* data;
+    struct Memory* next;
+} Memory;
+
+struct ClosurePool_ {
+    void* ctx;
+    int closureSize;
+    bool (*prep)(void* ctx, void *code, Closure* closure, char* errbuf, size_t errbufsize);
+    struct Memory* blocks; /* Keeps track of all the allocated memory for this pool */
+    Closure* list;
+    long refcnt;
+};
+
+static long pageSize;
+
+static void* allocatePage(void);
+static bool freePage(void *);
+static bool protectPage(void *);
+
+ClosurePool*
+rbffi_ClosurePool_New(int closureSize, 
+        bool (*prep)(void* ctx, void *code, Closure* closure, char* errbuf, size_t errbufsize),
+        void* ctx)
+{
+    ClosurePool* pool;
+
+    pool = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*pool));
+    pool->closureSize = closureSize;
+    pool->ctx = ctx;
+    pool->prep = prep;
+    pool->refcnt = 1;
+    
+    return pool;
+}
+
+void
+cleanup_closure_pool(ClosurePool* pool)
+{
+    Memory* memory;
+    
+    for (memory = pool->blocks; memory != NULL; ) {
+        Memory* next = memory->next;
+        freePage(memory->code);
+        free(memory->data);
+        free(memory);
+        memory = next;
+    }
+    xfree(pool);
+}
+
+void
+rbffi_ClosurePool_Free(ClosurePool* pool)
+{
+    if (pool != NULL) {
+        long refcnt = --(pool->refcnt);
+        if (refcnt == 0) {
+            cleanup_closure_pool(pool);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+Closure*
+rbffi_Closure_Alloc(ClosurePool* pool)
+{
+    Closure *list = NULL;
+    Memory* block = NULL;
+    caddr_t code = NULL;
+    char errmsg[256];
+    int nclosures;
+    long trampolineSize;
+    int i;
+
+    if (pool->list != NULL) {
+        Closure* closure = pool->list;
+        pool->list = pool->list->next;
+        pool->refcnt++;
+    
+        return closure;
+    }
+
+    trampolineSize = roundup(pool->closureSize, 8);
+    nclosures = (int) (pageSize / trampolineSize);
+    block = calloc(1, sizeof(*block));
+    list = calloc(nclosures, sizeof(*list));
+    code = allocatePage();
+    
+    if (block == NULL || list == NULL || code == NULL) {
+        snprintf(errmsg, sizeof(errmsg), "failed to allocate a page. errno=%d (%s)", errno, strerror(errno));
+        goto error;
+    }
+    
+    for (i = 0; i < nclosures; ++i) {
+        Closure* closure = &list[i];
+        closure->next = &list[i + 1];
+        closure->pool = pool;
+        closure->code = (code + (i * trampolineSize));
+
+        if (!(*pool->prep)(pool->ctx, closure->code, closure, errmsg, sizeof(errmsg))) {
+            goto error;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (!protectPage(code)) {
+        goto error;
+    }
+
+    /* Track the allocated page + Closure memory area */
+    block->data = list;
+    block->code = code;
+    block->next = pool->blocks;
+    pool->blocks = block;
+
+    /* Thread the new block onto the free list, apart from the first one. */
+    list[nclosures - 1].next = pool->list;
+    pool->list = list->next;
+    pool->refcnt++;
+
+    /* Use the first one as the new handle */
+    return list;
+
+error:
+    free(block);
+    free(list);
+    if (code != NULL) {
+        freePage(code);
+    }
+    
+
+    rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "%s", errmsg);
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+void
+rbffi_Closure_Free(Closure* closure)
+{
+    if (closure != NULL) {
+        ClosurePool* pool = closure->pool;
+        long refcnt;
+        /* Just push it on the front of the free list */
+        closure->next = pool->list;
+        pool->list = closure;
+        refcnt = --(pool->refcnt);
+        if (refcnt == 0) {
+            cleanup_closure_pool(pool);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void*
+rbffi_Closure_CodeAddress(Closure* handle)
+{
+    return handle->code;
+}
+
+
+static long
+getPageSize()
+{
+#if !defined(__CYGWIN__) && (defined(_WIN32) || defined(__WIN32__))
+    SYSTEM_INFO si;
+    GetSystemInfo(&si);
+    return si.dwPageSize;
+#else
+    return sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE);
+#endif
+}
+
+static void*
+allocatePage(void)
+{
+#if !defined(__CYGWIN__) && (defined(_WIN32) || defined(__WIN32__))
+    return VirtualAlloc(NULL, pageSize, MEM_COMMIT | MEM_RESERVE, PAGE_READWRITE);
+#else
+    caddr_t page = mmap(NULL, pageSize, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, MAP_ANON | MAP_PRIVATE, -1, 0);
+    return (page != (caddr_t) -1) ? page : NULL;
+#endif
+}
+
+static bool
+freePage(void *addr)
+{
+#if !defined(__CYGWIN__) && (defined(_WIN32) || defined(__WIN32__))
+    return VirtualFree(addr, 0, MEM_RELEASE);
+#else
+    return munmap(addr, pageSize) == 0;
+#endif
+}
+
+static bool
+protectPage(void* page)
+{
+#if !defined(__CYGWIN__) && (defined(_WIN32) || defined(__WIN32__))
+    DWORD oldProtect;
+    return VirtualProtect(page, pageSize, PAGE_EXECUTE_READ, &oldProtect);
+#else
+    return mprotect(page, pageSize, PROT_READ | PROT_EXEC) == 0;
+#endif
+}
+
+void
+rbffi_ClosurePool_Init(VALUE module)
+{
+    pageSize = getPageSize();
+}
+
diff --git a/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/ClosurePool.h b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/ClosurePool.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b842375ae9e8f7ec2eedf40142062afb2779b7f3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/ClosurePool.h
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2009, 2010 Wayne Meissner
+ * Copyright (c) 2008-2013, Ruby FFI project contributors
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+ *     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ *     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *       documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ *     * Neither the name of the Ruby FFI project nor the
+ *       names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products
+ *       derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND
+ * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
+ * WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
+ * DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL <COPYRIGHT HOLDER> BE LIABLE FOR ANY
+ * DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
+ * (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
+ * LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND
+ * ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+ * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
+ * SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+#ifndef RUBYFFI_CLOSUREPOOL_H
+#define RUBYFFI_CLOSUREPOOL_H
+
+typedef struct ClosurePool_ ClosurePool;
+typedef struct Closure_ Closure;
+
+struct Closure_ {
+    void* info;      /* opaque handle for storing closure-instance specific data */
+    void* function;  /* closure-instance specific function, called by custom trampoline */
+    void* code;      /* The native trampoline code location */
+    struct ClosurePool_* pool;
+    Closure* next;
+};
+
+void rbffi_ClosurePool_Init(VALUE module);
+
+ClosurePool* rbffi_ClosurePool_New(int closureSize, 
+        bool (*prep)(void* ctx, void *code, Closure* closure, char* errbuf, size_t errbufsize),
+        void* ctx);
+
+void rbffi_ClosurePool_Free(ClosurePool *);
+
+Closure* rbffi_Closure_Alloc(ClosurePool *);
+void rbffi_Closure_Free(Closure *);
+
+void* rbffi_Closure_GetCodeAddress(Closure *);
+
+#endif /* RUBYFFI_CLOSUREPOOL_H */
+
diff --git a/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/DataConverter.c b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/DataConverter.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2d5b827438cfcca2cc387c10c8c1cf7dff787251
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/DataConverter.c
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+
+#include <ruby.h>
+
+#include <ffi.h>
+#include "rbffi.h"
+
+#include "Type.h"
+#include "MappedType.h"
+
+
+VALUE rbffi_DataConverterClass = Qnil;
+static ID id_native_type_ivar;
+
+/*
+ * Get native type.
+ * @overload native_type(type)
+ *  @param [String, Symbol, Type] type
+ *  @return [Type]
+ *  Get native type from +type+.
+ * @overload native_type
+ *  @raise {NotImplementedError} This method must be overriden.
+ */
+static VALUE
+conv_native_type(int argc, VALUE* argv, VALUE self)
+{
+    if (argc == 0) {
+        if (!rb_ivar_defined(self, id_native_type_ivar)) {
+            rb_raise(rb_eNotImpError, "native_type method not overridden and no native_type set");
+        }
+
+        return rb_ivar_get(self, id_native_type_ivar);
+
+    } else if (argc == 1) {
+        VALUE type = rbffi_Type_Find(argv[0]);
+
+        rb_ivar_set(self, id_native_type_ivar, type);
+
+        return type;
+
+    } else {
+        rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "incorrect arguments");
+    }
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq: to_native(value, ctx)
+ * @param value
+ * @param ctx
+ * @return [value]
+ * Convert to a native type.
+ */
+static VALUE
+conv_to_native(VALUE self, VALUE value, VALUE ctx)
+{
+    return value;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq: from_native(value, ctx)
+ * @param value
+ * @param ctx
+ * @return [value]
+ * Convert from a native type.
+ */
+static VALUE
+conv_from_native(VALUE self, VALUE value, VALUE ctx)
+{
+    return value;
+}
+
+
+
+void
+rbffi_DataConverter_Init(VALUE moduleFFI)
+{
+    /*
+     * Document-module: FFI::DataConverter
+     * This module is used to extend somes classes and give then a common API.
+     *
+     * Most of methods defined here must be overriden.
+     */
+    rbffi_DataConverterClass = rb_define_module_under(moduleFFI, "DataConverter");
+
+    rb_define_method(rbffi_DataConverterClass, "native_type", conv_native_type, -1);
+    rb_define_method(rbffi_DataConverterClass, "to_native", conv_to_native, 2);
+    rb_define_method(rbffi_DataConverterClass, "from_native", conv_from_native, 2);
+
+    id_native_type_ivar = rb_intern("@native_type");
+}
+
+
diff --git a/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/DynamicLibrary.c b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/DynamicLibrary.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4a2ea386d5a357c67398ebc734f87fe22ad26734
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/DynamicLibrary.c
@@ -0,0 +1,339 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2008-2010 Wayne Meissner
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2008-2013, Ruby FFI project contributors
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+ *     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ *     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *       documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ *     * Neither the name of the Ruby FFI project nor the
+ *       names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products
+ *       derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND
+ * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
+ * WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
+ * DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL <COPYRIGHT HOLDER> BE LIABLE FOR ANY
+ * DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
+ * (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
+ * LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND
+ * ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+ * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
+ * SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#ifndef _MSC_VER
+#  include <stdint.h>
+#endif
+#if (defined(_WIN32) || defined(__WIN32__)) && !defined(__CYGWIN__)
+# include <winsock2.h>
+# define _WINSOCKAPI_
+# include <windows.h>
+# include <shlwapi.h>
+#else
+# include <dlfcn.h>
+#endif
+#include <ruby.h>
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) && !defined(INT8_MIN)
+#  include "win32/stdint.h"
+#endif
+
+#include <ffi.h>
+
+#include "rbffi.h"
+#include "compat.h"
+#include "AbstractMemory.h"
+#include "Pointer.h"
+#include "DynamicLibrary.h"
+
+typedef struct LibrarySymbol_ {
+    Pointer base;
+    VALUE library;
+    VALUE name;
+} LibrarySymbol;
+
+static VALUE library_initialize(VALUE self, VALUE libname, VALUE libflags);
+static void library_free(Library* lib);
+
+
+static VALUE symbol_allocate(VALUE klass);
+static VALUE symbol_new(VALUE library, void* address, VALUE name);
+static void symbol_mark(LibrarySymbol* sym);
+
+static VALUE LibraryClass = Qnil, SymbolClass = Qnil;
+
+#if (defined(_WIN32) || defined(__WIN32__)) && !defined(__CYGWIN__)
+static void* dl_open(const char* name, int flags);
+static void dl_error(char* buf, int size);
+#define dl_sym(handle, name) GetProcAddress(handle, name)
+#define dl_close(handle) FreeLibrary(handle)
+#else
+# define dl_open(name, flags) dlopen(name, flags != 0 ? flags : RTLD_LAZY)
+# define dl_error(buf, size) do { snprintf(buf, size, "%s", dlerror()); } while(0)
+# define dl_sym(handle, name) dlsym(handle, name)
+# define dl_close(handle) dlclose(handle)
+#endif
+
+static VALUE
+library_allocate(VALUE klass)
+{
+    Library* library;
+    return Data_Make_Struct(klass, Library, NULL, library_free, library);
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq: DynamicLibrary.open(libname, libflags)
+ * @param libname (see #initialize)
+ * @param libflags (see #initialize)
+ * @return [FFI::DynamicLibrary]
+ * @raise {LoadError} if +libname+ cannot be opened
+ * Open a library.
+ */
+static VALUE
+library_open(VALUE klass, VALUE libname, VALUE libflags)
+{
+    return library_initialize(library_allocate(klass), libname, libflags);
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq: initialize(libname, libflags)
+ * @param [String] libname name of library to open
+ * @param [Fixnum] libflags flags for library to open
+ * @return [FFI::DynamicLibrary]
+ * @raise {LoadError} if +libname+ cannot be opened
+ * A new DynamicLibrary instance.
+ */
+static VALUE
+library_initialize(VALUE self, VALUE libname, VALUE libflags)
+{
+    Library* library;
+    int flags;
+
+    Check_Type(libflags, T_FIXNUM);
+
+    Data_Get_Struct(self, Library, library);
+    flags = libflags != Qnil ? NUM2UINT(libflags) : 0;
+    
+    library->handle = dl_open(libname != Qnil ? StringValueCStr(libname) : NULL, flags);
+    if (library->handle == NULL) {
+        char errmsg[1024];
+        dl_error(errmsg, sizeof(errmsg));
+        rb_raise(rb_eLoadError, "Could not open library '%s': %s",
+                libname != Qnil ? StringValueCStr(libname) : "[current process]",
+                errmsg);
+    }
+#ifdef __CYGWIN__
+    // On Cygwin 1.7.17 "dlsym(dlopen(0,0), 'getpid')" fails. (dlerror: "No such process")
+    // As a workaround we can use "dlsym(RTLD_DEFAULT, 'getpid')" instead.
+    // Since 0 == RTLD_DEFAULT we won't call dl_close later.
+    if (libname == Qnil) {
+        dl_close(library->handle);
+        library->handle = RTLD_DEFAULT;
+    }
+#endif
+    rb_iv_set(self, "@name", libname != Qnil ? libname : rb_str_new2("[current process]"));
+    return self;
+}
+
+static VALUE
+library_dlsym(VALUE self, VALUE name)
+{
+    Library* library;
+    void* address = NULL;
+    Check_Type(name, T_STRING);
+
+    Data_Get_Struct(self, Library, library);
+    address = dl_sym(library->handle, StringValueCStr(name));
+    
+    return address != NULL ? symbol_new(self, address, name) : Qnil;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq: last_error
+ * @return [String] library's last error string
+ */
+static VALUE
+library_dlerror(VALUE self)
+{
+    char errmsg[1024];
+    dl_error(errmsg, sizeof(errmsg));
+    return rb_tainted_str_new2(errmsg);
+}
+
+static void
+library_free(Library* library)
+{
+    /* dlclose() on MacOS tends to segfault - avoid it */
+#ifndef __APPLE__
+    if (library->handle != NULL) {
+        dl_close(library->handle);
+    }
+#endif
+    xfree(library);
+}
+
+#if (defined(_WIN32) || defined(__WIN32__)) && !defined(__CYGWIN__)
+static void*
+dl_open(const char* name, int flags)
+{
+    if (name == NULL) {
+        return GetModuleHandle(NULL);
+    } else {
+        DWORD dwFlags = PathIsRelativeA(name) ? 0 : LOAD_WITH_ALTERED_SEARCH_PATH;
+        return LoadLibraryExA(name, NULL, dwFlags);
+    }
+}
+
+static void
+dl_error(char* buf, int size)
+{
+    FormatMessageA(FORMAT_MESSAGE_FROM_SYSTEM, NULL, GetLastError(),
+            0, buf, size, NULL);
+}
+#endif
+
+static VALUE
+symbol_allocate(VALUE klass)
+{
+    LibrarySymbol* sym;
+    VALUE obj = Data_Make_Struct(klass, LibrarySymbol, NULL, -1, sym);
+    sym->name = Qnil;
+    sym->library = Qnil;
+    sym->base.rbParent = Qnil;
+
+    return obj;
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * call-seq: initialize_copy(other)
+ * @param [Object] other
+ * @return [nil]
+ * DO NOT CALL THIS METHOD
+ */
+static VALUE
+symbol_initialize_copy(VALUE self, VALUE other)
+{
+    rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "cannot duplicate symbol");
+    return Qnil;
+}
+
+static VALUE
+symbol_new(VALUE library, void* address, VALUE name)
+{
+    LibrarySymbol* sym;
+    VALUE obj = Data_Make_Struct(SymbolClass, LibrarySymbol, symbol_mark, -1, sym);
+
+    sym->base.memory.address = address;
+    sym->base.memory.size = LONG_MAX;
+    sym->base.memory.typeSize = 1;
+    sym->base.memory.flags = MEM_RD | MEM_WR;
+    sym->library = library;
+    sym->name = name;
+
+    return obj;
+}
+
+static void
+symbol_mark(LibrarySymbol* sym)
+{
+    rb_gc_mark(sym->library);
+    rb_gc_mark(sym->name);
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq: inspect
+ * @return [String]
+ * Inspect.
+ */
+static VALUE
+symbol_inspect(VALUE self)
+{
+    LibrarySymbol* sym;
+    char buf[256];
+
+    Data_Get_Struct(self, LibrarySymbol, sym);
+    snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "#<FFI::Library::Symbol name=%s address=%p>",
+             StringValueCStr(sym->name), sym->base.memory.address);
+    return rb_str_new2(buf);
+}
+
+void
+rbffi_DynamicLibrary_Init(VALUE moduleFFI)
+{
+    /*
+     * Document-class: FFI::DynamicLibrary
+     */
+    LibraryClass = rb_define_class_under(moduleFFI, "DynamicLibrary", rb_cObject);
+    rb_global_variable(&LibraryClass);
+    /*
+     * Document-class: FFI::DynamicLibrary::Symbol < FFI::Pointer
+     *
+     * An instance of this class represents a library symbol. It may be a {Pointer pointer} to
+     * a function or to a variable.
+     */
+    SymbolClass = rb_define_class_under(LibraryClass, "Symbol", rbffi_PointerClass);
+    rb_global_variable(&SymbolClass);
+
+    /*
+     * Document-const: FFI::NativeLibrary
+     * Backward compatibility for FFI::DynamicLibrary
+     */
+    rb_define_const(moduleFFI, "NativeLibrary", LibraryClass); /* backwards compat library */
+    rb_define_alloc_func(LibraryClass, library_allocate);
+    rb_define_singleton_method(LibraryClass, "open", library_open, 2);
+    rb_define_singleton_method(LibraryClass, "last_error", library_dlerror, 0);
+    rb_define_method(LibraryClass, "initialize", library_initialize, 2);
+    /*
+     * Document-method: find_symbol
+     * call-seq: find_symbol(name)
+     * @param [String] name library symbol's name
+     * @return [FFI::DynamicLibrary::Symbol] library symbol
+     */
+    rb_define_method(LibraryClass, "find_symbol", library_dlsym, 1);
+    /*
+     * Document-method: find_function
+     * call-seq: find_function(name)
+     * @param [String] name library function's name
+     * @return [FFI::DynamicLibrary::Symbol] library function symbol
+     */
+    rb_define_method(LibraryClass, "find_function", library_dlsym, 1);
+    /*
+     * Document-method: find_variable
+     * call-seq: find_variable(name)
+     * @param [String] name library variable's name
+     * @return [FFI::DynamicLibrary::Symbol] library variable symbol
+     */
+    rb_define_method(LibraryClass, "find_variable", library_dlsym, 1);
+    rb_define_method(LibraryClass, "last_error", library_dlerror, 0);
+    rb_define_attr(LibraryClass, "name", 1, 0);
+
+    rb_define_alloc_func(SymbolClass, symbol_allocate);
+    rb_undef_method(SymbolClass, "new");
+    rb_define_method(SymbolClass, "inspect", symbol_inspect, 0);
+    rb_define_method(SymbolClass, "initialize_copy", symbol_initialize_copy, 1);
+
+#define DEF(x) rb_define_const(LibraryClass, "RTLD_" #x, UINT2NUM(RTLD_##x))
+    DEF(LAZY);
+    DEF(NOW);
+    DEF(GLOBAL);
+    DEF(LOCAL);
+    DEF(NOLOAD);
+    DEF(NODELETE);
+    DEF(FIRST);
+    DEF(DEEPBIND);
+    DEF(MEMBER);
+    DEF(BINDING_MASK);
+    DEF(LOCATION_MASK);
+    DEF(ALL_MASK);
+#undef DEF
+
+}
+
diff --git a/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/DynamicLibrary.h b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/DynamicLibrary.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..97bf7bce6813f614e1ef8cd9af46adced649a1ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/DynamicLibrary.h
@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2008-2010 Wayne Meissner
+ * Copyright (c) 2008-2013, Ruby FFI project contributors
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+ *     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ *     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *       documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ *     * Neither the name of the Ruby FFI project nor the
+ *       names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products
+ *       derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND
+ * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
+ * WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
+ * DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL <COPYRIGHT HOLDER> BE LIABLE FOR ANY
+ * DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
+ * (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
+ * LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND
+ * ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+ * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
+ * SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+#ifndef _LIBRARY_H
+#define	_LIBRARY_H
+
+#ifdef	__cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+/* if these aren't defined (eg. windows), we need sensible defaults */
+#ifndef RTLD_LAZY
+#define RTLD_LAZY 1
+#endif
+
+#ifndef RTLD_NOW
+#define RTLD_NOW 2
+#endif
+
+#ifndef RTLD_LOCAL
+#define RTLD_LOCAL 4
+#endif
+
+#ifndef RTLD_GLOBAL
+#define RTLD_GLOBAL 8
+#endif
+
+/* If these aren't defined, they're not supported so define as 0 */
+#ifndef RTLD_NOLOAD
+#define RTLD_NOLOAD 0
+#endif
+
+#ifndef RTLD_NODELETE
+#define RTLD_NODELETE 0
+#endif
+
+#ifndef RTLD_FIRST
+#define RTLD_FIRST 0
+#endif
+
+#ifndef RTLD_DEEPBIND
+#define RTLD_DEEPBIND 0
+#endif
+
+#ifndef RTLD_MEMBER
+#define RTLD_MEMBER 0
+#endif
+
+/* convenience */
+#ifndef RTLD_BINDING_MASK
+#define RTLD_BINDING_MASK (RTLD_LAZY | RTLD_NOW)
+#endif
+
+#ifndef RTLD_LOCATION_MASK
+#define RTLD_LOCATION_MASK (RTLD_LOCAL | RTLD_GLOBAL)
+#endif
+
+#ifndef RTLD_ALL_MASK
+#define RTLD_ALL_MASK (RTLD_BINDING_MASK | RTLD_LOCATION_MASK | RTLD_NOLOAD | RTLD_NODELETE | RTLD_FIRST | RTLD_DEEPBIND | RTLD_MEMBER)
+#endif
+
+typedef struct Library {
+    void* handle;
+} Library;
+
+extern void rbffi_DynamicLibrary_Init(VALUE ffiModule);
+
+#ifdef	__cplusplus
+}
+#endif
+
+#endif	/* _LIBRARY_H */
+
diff --git a/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/Function.c b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/Function.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9e861ff9e67022eef4253af684e8d6098c910b98
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/Function.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1001 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2009-2011 Wayne Meissner
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2008-2013, Ruby FFI project contributors
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+ *     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ *     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *       documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ *     * Neither the name of the Ruby FFI project nor the
+ *       names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products
+ *       derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND
+ * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
+ * WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
+ * DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL <COPYRIGHT HOLDER> BE LIABLE FOR ANY
+ * DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
+ * (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
+ * LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND
+ * ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+ * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
+ * SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+#ifndef _MSC_VER
+#include <sys/param.h>
+#endif
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#ifndef _WIN32
+# include <sys/mman.h>
+# include <unistd.h>
+#endif
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#ifndef _MSC_VER
+# include <stdint.h>
+# include <stdbool.h>
+#else
+# include "win32/stdbool.h"
+# if !defined(INT8_MIN)
+#  include "win32/stdint.h"
+# endif
+#endif
+#include <ruby.h>
+#if defined(HAVE_RUBY_THREAD_H)
+#include <ruby/thread.h>
+#endif
+
+#include <ffi.h>
+#if defined(HAVE_NATIVETHREAD) && !defined(_WIN32)
+#include <pthread.h>
+#endif
+#include <fcntl.h>
+
+#include "rbffi.h"
+#include "compat.h"
+
+#include "AbstractMemory.h"
+#include "Pointer.h"
+#include "Struct.h"
+#include "Platform.h"
+#include "Type.h"
+#include "LastError.h"
+#include "Call.h"
+#include "ClosurePool.h"
+#include "MappedType.h"
+#include "Thread.h"
+#include "LongDouble.h"
+#include "MethodHandle.h"
+#include "Function.h"
+
+typedef struct Function_ {
+    Pointer base;
+    FunctionType* info;
+    MethodHandle* methodHandle;
+    bool autorelease;
+    Closure* closure;
+    VALUE rbProc;
+    VALUE rbFunctionInfo;
+} Function;
+
+static void function_mark(Function *);
+static void function_free(Function *);
+static VALUE function_init(VALUE self, VALUE rbFunctionInfo, VALUE rbProc);
+static void callback_invoke(ffi_cif* cif, void* retval, void** parameters, void* user_data);
+static bool callback_prep(void* ctx, void* code, Closure* closure, char* errmsg, size_t errmsgsize);
+static void* callback_with_gvl(void* data);
+static VALUE invoke_callback(void* data);
+static VALUE save_callback_exception(void* data, VALUE exc);
+
+#define DEFER_ASYNC_CALLBACK 1
+
+
+#if defined(DEFER_ASYNC_CALLBACK)
+static VALUE async_cb_event(void *);
+static VALUE async_cb_call(void *);
+#endif
+
+#ifdef HAVE_RB_THREAD_CALL_WITH_GVL
+extern void *rb_thread_call_with_gvl(void *(*func)(void *), void *data1);
+#endif
+
+VALUE rbffi_FunctionClass = Qnil;
+
+#if defined(DEFER_ASYNC_CALLBACK)
+static VALUE async_cb_thread = Qnil;
+#endif
+
+static ID id_call = 0, id_to_native = 0, id_from_native = 0, id_cbtable = 0, id_cb_ref = 0;
+
+struct gvl_callback {
+    Closure* closure;
+    void*    retval;
+    void**   parameters;
+    bool done;
+    rbffi_frame_t *frame;
+#if defined(DEFER_ASYNC_CALLBACK)
+    struct gvl_callback* next;
+# ifndef _WIN32
+    pthread_cond_t async_cond;
+    pthread_mutex_t async_mutex;
+# else
+    HANDLE async_event;
+# endif
+#endif
+};
+
+
+#if defined(DEFER_ASYNC_CALLBACK)
+static struct gvl_callback* async_cb_list = NULL;
+# ifndef _WIN32
+    static pthread_mutex_t async_cb_mutex = PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER;
+    static pthread_cond_t async_cb_cond = PTHREAD_COND_INITIALIZER;
+#  if !(defined(HAVE_RB_THREAD_BLOCKING_REGION) || defined(HAVE_RB_THREAD_CALL_WITHOUT_GVL))
+    static int async_cb_pipe[2];
+#  endif
+# else
+    static HANDLE async_cb_cond;
+    static CRITICAL_SECTION async_cb_lock;
+#  if !(defined(HAVE_RB_THREAD_BLOCKING_REGION) || defined(HAVE_RB_THREAD_CALL_WITHOUT_GVL))
+    static int async_cb_pipe[2];
+#  endif
+# endif
+#endif
+
+
+static VALUE
+function_allocate(VALUE klass)
+{
+    Function *fn;
+    VALUE obj;
+
+    obj = Data_Make_Struct(klass, Function, function_mark, function_free, fn);
+
+    fn->base.memory.flags = MEM_RD;
+    fn->base.rbParent = Qnil;
+    fn->rbProc = Qnil;
+    fn->rbFunctionInfo = Qnil;
+    fn->autorelease = true;
+
+    return obj;
+}
+
+static void
+function_mark(Function *fn)
+{
+    rb_gc_mark(fn->base.rbParent);
+    rb_gc_mark(fn->rbProc);
+    rb_gc_mark(fn->rbFunctionInfo);
+}
+
+static void
+function_free(Function *fn)
+{
+    if (fn->methodHandle != NULL) {
+        rbffi_MethodHandle_Free(fn->methodHandle);
+    }
+
+    if (fn->closure != NULL && fn->autorelease) {
+        rbffi_Closure_Free(fn->closure);
+    }
+
+    xfree(fn);
+}
+
+/*
+ * @param [Type, Symbol] return_type return type for the function
+ * @param [Array<Type, Symbol>] param_types array of parameters types
+ * @param [Hash] options see {FFI::FunctionType} for available options
+ * @return [self]
+ * A new Function instance.
+ *
+ * Define a function from a Proc or a block.
+ *
+ * @overload initialize(return_type, param_types, options = {}) { |i| ... }
+ *  @yieldparam i parameters for the function
+ * @overload initialize(return_type, param_types, proc, options = {})
+ *  @param [Proc] proc
+ */
+static VALUE
+function_initialize(int argc, VALUE* argv, VALUE self)
+{
+
+    VALUE rbReturnType = Qnil, rbParamTypes = Qnil, rbProc = Qnil, rbOptions = Qnil;
+    VALUE rbFunctionInfo = Qnil;
+    VALUE infoArgv[3];
+    int nargs;
+
+    nargs = rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "22", &rbReturnType, &rbParamTypes, &rbProc, &rbOptions);
+
+    /*
+     * Callback with block,
+     * e.g. Function.new(:int, [ :int ]) { |i| blah }
+     * or   Function.new(:int, [ :int ], { :convention => :stdcall }) { |i| blah }
+     */
+    if (rb_block_given_p()) {
+        if (nargs > 3) {
+            rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "cannot create function with both proc/address and block");
+        }
+        rbOptions = rbProc;
+        rbProc = rb_block_proc();
+    } else {
+        /* Callback with proc, or Function with address
+         * e.g. Function.new(:int, [ :int ], Proc.new { |i| })
+         *      Function.new(:int, [ :int ], Proc.new { |i| }, { :convention => :stdcall })
+         *      Function.new(:int, [ :int ], addr)
+         *      Function.new(:int, [ :int ], addr, { :convention => :stdcall })
+         */
+    }
+
+    infoArgv[0] = rbReturnType;
+    infoArgv[1] = rbParamTypes;
+    infoArgv[2] = rbOptions;
+    rbFunctionInfo = rb_class_new_instance(rbOptions != Qnil ? 3 : 2, infoArgv, rbffi_FunctionTypeClass);
+
+    function_init(self, rbFunctionInfo, rbProc);
+
+    return self;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq: initialize_copy(other)
+ * @return [nil]
+ * DO NOT CALL THIS METHOD
+ */
+static VALUE
+function_initialize_copy(VALUE self, VALUE other)
+{
+    rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "cannot duplicate function instances");
+    return Qnil;
+}
+
+VALUE
+rbffi_Function_NewInstance(VALUE rbFunctionInfo, VALUE rbProc)
+{
+    return function_init(function_allocate(rbffi_FunctionClass), rbFunctionInfo, rbProc);
+}
+
+VALUE
+rbffi_Function_ForProc(VALUE rbFunctionInfo, VALUE proc)
+{
+    VALUE callback, cbref, cbTable;
+    Function* fp;
+
+    cbref = RTEST(rb_ivar_defined(proc, id_cb_ref)) ? rb_ivar_get(proc, id_cb_ref) : Qnil;
+    /* If the first callback reference has the same function function signature, use it */
+    if (cbref != Qnil && CLASS_OF(cbref) == rbffi_FunctionClass) {
+        Data_Get_Struct(cbref, Function, fp);
+        if (fp->rbFunctionInfo == rbFunctionInfo) {
+            return cbref;
+        }
+    }
+
+    cbTable = RTEST(rb_ivar_defined(proc, id_cbtable)) ? rb_ivar_get(proc, id_cbtable) : Qnil;
+    if (cbTable != Qnil && (callback = rb_hash_aref(cbTable, rbFunctionInfo)) != Qnil) {
+        return callback;
+    }
+
+    /* No existing function for the proc with that signature, create a new one and cache it */
+    callback = rbffi_Function_NewInstance(rbFunctionInfo, proc);
+    if (cbref == Qnil) {
+        /* If there is no other cb already cached for this proc, we can use the ivar slot */
+        rb_ivar_set(proc, id_cb_ref, callback);
+    } else {
+        /* The proc instance has been used as more than one type of callback, store extras in a hash */
+        cbTable = rb_hash_new();
+        rb_ivar_set(proc, id_cbtable, cbTable);
+        rb_hash_aset(cbTable, rbFunctionInfo, callback);
+    }
+
+    return callback;
+}
+
+static VALUE
+function_init(VALUE self, VALUE rbFunctionInfo, VALUE rbProc)
+{
+    Function* fn = NULL;
+
+    Data_Get_Struct(self, Function, fn);
+
+    fn->rbFunctionInfo = rbFunctionInfo;
+
+    Data_Get_Struct(fn->rbFunctionInfo, FunctionType, fn->info);
+
+    if (rb_obj_is_kind_of(rbProc, rbffi_PointerClass)) {
+        Pointer* orig;
+        Data_Get_Struct(rbProc, Pointer, orig);
+        fn->base.memory = orig->memory;
+        fn->base.rbParent = rbProc;
+
+    } else if (rb_obj_is_kind_of(rbProc, rb_cProc) || rb_respond_to(rbProc, id_call)) {
+        if (fn->info->closurePool == NULL) {
+            fn->info->closurePool = rbffi_ClosurePool_New(sizeof(ffi_closure), callback_prep, fn->info);
+            if (fn->info->closurePool == NULL) {
+                rb_raise(rb_eNoMemError, "failed to create closure pool");
+            }
+        }
+
+#if defined(DEFER_ASYNC_CALLBACK)
+        if (async_cb_thread == Qnil) {
+#if !(defined(HAVE_RB_THREAD_BLOCKING_REGION) || defined(HAVE_RB_THREAD_CALL_WITHOUT_GVL)) && defined(_WIN32)
+            _pipe(async_cb_pipe, 1024, O_BINARY);
+#elif !(defined(HAVE_RB_THREAD_BLOCKING_REGION) || defined(HAVE_RB_THREAD_CALL_WITHOUT_GVL))
+            pipe(async_cb_pipe);
+            fcntl(async_cb_pipe[0], F_SETFL, fcntl(async_cb_pipe[0], F_GETFL) | O_NONBLOCK);
+            fcntl(async_cb_pipe[1], F_SETFL, fcntl(async_cb_pipe[1], F_GETFL) | O_NONBLOCK);
+#endif
+            async_cb_thread = rb_thread_create(async_cb_event, NULL);
+        }
+
+#endif
+
+        fn->closure = rbffi_Closure_Alloc(fn->info->closurePool);
+        fn->closure->info = fn;
+        fn->base.memory.address = fn->closure->code;
+        fn->base.memory.size = sizeof(*fn->closure);
+        fn->autorelease = true;
+
+    } else {
+        rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "wrong argument type %s, expected pointer or proc",
+                rb_obj_classname(rbProc));
+    }
+
+    fn->rbProc = rbProc;
+
+    return self;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq: call(*args)
+ * @param [Array] args function arguments
+ * @return [FFI::Type]
+ * Call the function
+ */
+static VALUE
+function_call(int argc, VALUE* argv, VALUE self)
+{
+    Function* fn;
+
+    Data_Get_Struct(self, Function, fn);
+
+    return (*fn->info->invoke)(argc, argv, fn->base.memory.address, fn->info);
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq: attach(m, name)
+ * @param [Module] m
+ * @param [String] name
+ * @return [self]
+ * Attach a Function to the Module +m+ as +name+.
+ */
+static VALUE
+function_attach(VALUE self, VALUE module, VALUE name)
+{
+    Function* fn;
+    char var[1024];
+
+    Data_Get_Struct(self, Function, fn);
+
+    if (fn->info->parameterCount == -1) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "cannot attach variadic functions");
+        return Qnil;
+    }
+
+    if (!rb_obj_is_kind_of(module, rb_cModule)) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "trying to attach function to non-module");
+        return Qnil;
+    }
+
+    if (fn->methodHandle == NULL) {
+        fn->methodHandle = rbffi_MethodHandle_Alloc(fn->info, fn->base.memory.address);
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Stash the Function in a module variable so it does not get garbage collected
+     */
+    snprintf(var, sizeof(var), "@@%s", StringValueCStr(name));
+    rb_cv_set(module, var, self);
+
+    rb_define_singleton_method(module, StringValueCStr(name),
+            rbffi_MethodHandle_CodeAddress(fn->methodHandle), -1);
+
+
+    rb_define_method(module, StringValueCStr(name),
+            rbffi_MethodHandle_CodeAddress(fn->methodHandle), -1);
+
+    return self;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq: autorelease = autorelease
+ * @param [Boolean] autorelease
+ * @return [self]
+ * Set +autorelease+ attribute (See {Pointer}).
+ */
+static VALUE
+function_set_autorelease(VALUE self, VALUE autorelease)
+{
+    Function* fn;
+
+    Data_Get_Struct(self, Function, fn);
+
+    fn->autorelease = RTEST(autorelease);
+
+    return self;
+}
+
+static VALUE
+function_autorelease_p(VALUE self)
+{
+    Function* fn;
+
+    Data_Get_Struct(self, Function, fn);
+
+    return fn->autorelease ? Qtrue : Qfalse;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq: free
+ * @return [self]
+ * Free memory allocated by Function.
+ */
+static VALUE
+function_release(VALUE self)
+{
+    Function* fn;
+
+    Data_Get_Struct(self, Function, fn);
+
+    if (fn->closure == NULL) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "cannot free function which was not allocated");
+    }
+
+    rbffi_Closure_Free(fn->closure);
+    fn->closure = NULL;
+
+    return self;
+}
+
+static void
+callback_invoke(ffi_cif* cif, void* retval, void** parameters, void* user_data)
+{
+    struct gvl_callback cb = { 0 };
+
+    cb.closure = (Closure *) user_data;
+    cb.retval = retval;
+    cb.parameters = parameters;
+    cb.done = false;
+    cb.frame = rbffi_frame_current();
+
+    if (cb.frame != NULL) cb.frame->exc = Qnil;
+    if (cb.frame != NULL && cb.frame->has_gvl) {
+        callback_with_gvl(&cb);
+
+#if defined(HAVE_RB_THREAD_CALL_WITH_GVL)
+    } else if (cb.frame != NULL) {
+        rb_thread_call_with_gvl(callback_with_gvl, &cb);
+#endif
+#if defined(DEFER_ASYNC_CALLBACK) && !defined(_WIN32)
+    } else {
+        bool empty = false;
+
+        pthread_mutex_init(&cb.async_mutex, NULL);
+        pthread_cond_init(&cb.async_cond, NULL);
+
+        /* Now signal the async callback thread */
+        pthread_mutex_lock(&async_cb_mutex);
+        empty = async_cb_list == NULL;
+        cb.next = async_cb_list;
+        async_cb_list = &cb;
+
+#if !(defined(HAVE_RB_THREAD_BLOCKING_REGION) || defined(HAVE_RB_THREAD_CALL_WITHOUT_GVL))
+        pthread_mutex_unlock(&async_cb_mutex);
+        /* Only signal if the list was empty */
+        if (empty) {
+            char c;
+            write(async_cb_pipe[1], &c, 1);
+        }
+#else
+        pthread_cond_signal(&async_cb_cond);
+        pthread_mutex_unlock(&async_cb_mutex);
+#endif
+
+        /* Wait for the thread executing the ruby callback to signal it is done */
+        pthread_mutex_lock(&cb.async_mutex);
+        while (!cb.done) {
+            pthread_cond_wait(&cb.async_cond, &cb.async_mutex);
+        }
+        pthread_mutex_unlock(&cb.async_mutex);
+        pthread_cond_destroy(&cb.async_cond);
+        pthread_mutex_destroy(&cb.async_mutex);
+
+#elif defined(DEFER_ASYNC_CALLBACK) && defined(_WIN32)
+    } else {
+        bool empty = false;
+
+        cb.async_event = CreateEvent(NULL, FALSE, FALSE, NULL);
+
+        /* Now signal the async callback thread */
+        EnterCriticalSection(&async_cb_lock);
+        empty = async_cb_list == NULL;
+        cb.next = async_cb_list;
+        async_cb_list = &cb;
+        LeaveCriticalSection(&async_cb_lock);
+
+#if !(defined(HAVE_RB_THREAD_BLOCKING_REGION) || defined(HAVE_RB_THREAD_CALL_WITHOUT_GVL))
+        /* Only signal if the list was empty */
+        if (empty) {
+            char c;
+            write(async_cb_pipe[1], &c, 1);
+        }
+#else
+        SetEvent(async_cb_cond);
+#endif
+
+        /* Wait for the thread executing the ruby callback to signal it is done */
+        WaitForSingleObject(cb.async_event, INFINITE);
+        CloseHandle(cb.async_event);
+#endif
+    }
+}
+
+#if defined(DEFER_ASYNC_CALLBACK)
+struct async_wait {
+    void* cb;
+    bool stop;
+};
+
+static void * async_cb_wait(void *);
+static void async_cb_stop(void *);
+
+#if defined(HAVE_RB_THREAD_BLOCKING_REGION) || defined(HAVE_RB_THREAD_CALL_WITHOUT_GVL)
+static VALUE
+async_cb_event(void* unused)
+{
+    struct async_wait w = { 0 };
+
+    w.stop = false;
+    while (!w.stop) {
+#if defined(HAVE_RB_THREAD_CALL_WITHOUT_GVL)
+        rb_thread_call_without_gvl(async_cb_wait, &w, async_cb_stop, &w);
+#else
+        rb_thread_blocking_region(async_cb_wait, &w, async_cb_stop, &w);
+#endif
+        if (w.cb != NULL) {
+            /* Start up a new ruby thread to run the ruby callback */
+            rb_thread_create(async_cb_call, w.cb);
+        }
+    }
+
+    return Qnil;
+}
+
+#elif defined(_WIN32)
+static VALUE
+async_cb_event(void* unused)
+{
+    while (true) {
+        struct gvl_callback* cb;
+        char buf[64];
+        fd_set rfds;
+
+        FD_ZERO(&rfds);
+        FD_SET(async_cb_pipe[0], &rfds);
+        rb_thread_select(async_cb_pipe[0] + 1, &rfds, NULL, NULL, NULL);
+        read(async_cb_pipe[0], buf, sizeof(buf));
+
+        EnterCriticalSection(&async_cb_lock);
+        cb = async_cb_list;
+        async_cb_list = NULL;
+        LeaveCriticalSection(&async_cb_lock);
+
+        while (cb != NULL) {
+            struct gvl_callback* next = cb->next;
+            /* Start up a new ruby thread to run the ruby callback */
+            rb_thread_create(async_cb_call, cb);
+            cb = next;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return Qnil;
+}
+#else
+static VALUE
+async_cb_event(void* unused)
+{
+    while (true) {
+        struct gvl_callback* cb;
+        char buf[64];
+
+        if (read(async_cb_pipe[0], buf, sizeof(buf)) < 0) {
+            rb_thread_wait_fd(async_cb_pipe[0]);
+            while (read(async_cb_pipe[0], buf, sizeof (buf)) < 0) {
+                if (rb_io_wait_readable(async_cb_pipe[0]) != Qtrue) {
+                    return Qfalse;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        pthread_mutex_lock(&async_cb_mutex);
+        cb = async_cb_list;
+        async_cb_list = NULL;
+        pthread_mutex_unlock(&async_cb_mutex);
+
+        while (cb != NULL) {
+            struct gvl_callback* next = cb->next;
+            /* Start up a new ruby thread to run the ruby callback */
+            rb_thread_create(async_cb_call, cb);
+            cb = next;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return Qnil;
+}
+#endif
+
+#ifdef _WIN32
+static void *
+async_cb_wait(void *data)
+{
+    struct async_wait* w = (struct async_wait *) data;
+
+    w->cb = NULL;
+
+    EnterCriticalSection(&async_cb_lock);
+
+    while (!w->stop && async_cb_list == NULL) {
+        LeaveCriticalSection(&async_cb_lock);
+        WaitForSingleObject(async_cb_cond, INFINITE);
+        EnterCriticalSection(&async_cb_lock);
+    }
+
+    if (async_cb_list != NULL) {
+        w->cb = async_cb_list;
+        async_cb_list = async_cb_list->next;
+    }
+
+    LeaveCriticalSection(&async_cb_lock);
+
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+static void
+async_cb_stop(void *data)
+{
+    struct async_wait* w = (struct async_wait *) data;
+
+    EnterCriticalSection(&async_cb_lock);
+    w->stop = true;
+    LeaveCriticalSection(&async_cb_lock);
+    SetEvent(async_cb_cond);
+}
+
+#else
+static void *
+async_cb_wait(void *data)
+{
+    struct async_wait* w = (struct async_wait *) data;
+
+    w->cb = NULL;
+
+    pthread_mutex_lock(&async_cb_mutex);
+
+    while (!w->stop && async_cb_list == NULL) {
+        pthread_cond_wait(&async_cb_cond, &async_cb_mutex);
+    }
+
+    if (async_cb_list != NULL) {
+        w->cb = async_cb_list;
+        async_cb_list = async_cb_list->next;
+    }
+
+    pthread_mutex_unlock(&async_cb_mutex);
+
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+static void
+async_cb_stop(void *data)
+{
+    struct async_wait* w = (struct async_wait *) data;
+
+    pthread_mutex_lock(&async_cb_mutex);
+    w->stop = true;
+    pthread_cond_signal(&async_cb_cond);
+    pthread_mutex_unlock(&async_cb_mutex);
+}
+#endif
+
+static VALUE
+async_cb_call(void *data)
+{
+    struct gvl_callback* cb = (struct gvl_callback *) data;
+
+    callback_with_gvl(data);
+
+    /* Signal the original native thread that the ruby code has completed */
+#ifdef _WIN32
+    SetEvent(cb->async_event);
+#else
+    pthread_mutex_lock(&cb->async_mutex);
+    cb->done = true;
+    pthread_cond_signal(&cb->async_cond);
+    pthread_mutex_unlock(&cb->async_mutex);
+#endif
+
+    return Qnil;
+}
+
+#endif
+
+static void *
+callback_with_gvl(void* data)
+{
+    rb_rescue2(invoke_callback, (VALUE) data, save_callback_exception, (VALUE) data, rb_eException, (VALUE) 0);
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+static VALUE
+invoke_callback(void* data)
+{
+    struct gvl_callback* cb = (struct gvl_callback *) data;
+
+    Function* fn = (Function *) cb->closure->info;
+    FunctionType *cbInfo = fn->info;
+    Type* returnType = cbInfo->returnType;
+    void* retval = cb->retval;
+    void** parameters = cb->parameters;
+    VALUE* rbParams;
+    VALUE rbReturnType = cbInfo->rbReturnType;
+    VALUE rbReturnValue;
+    int i;
+
+    rbParams = ALLOCA_N(VALUE, cbInfo->parameterCount);
+    for (i = 0; i < cbInfo->parameterCount; ++i) {
+        VALUE param;
+        Type* paramType = cbInfo->parameterTypes[i];
+        VALUE rbParamType = rb_ary_entry(cbInfo->rbParameterTypes, i);
+
+        if (unlikely(paramType->nativeType == NATIVE_MAPPED)) {
+            rbParamType = ((MappedType *) paramType)->rbType;
+            paramType = ((MappedType *) paramType)->type;
+        }
+
+        switch (paramType->nativeType) {
+            case NATIVE_INT8:
+                param = INT2NUM(*(int8_t *) parameters[i]);
+                break;
+            case NATIVE_UINT8:
+                param = UINT2NUM(*(uint8_t *) parameters[i]);
+                break;
+            case NATIVE_INT16:
+                param = INT2NUM(*(int16_t *) parameters[i]);
+                break;
+            case NATIVE_UINT16:
+                param = UINT2NUM(*(uint16_t *) parameters[i]);
+                break;
+            case NATIVE_INT32:
+                param = INT2NUM(*(int32_t *) parameters[i]);
+                break;
+            case NATIVE_UINT32:
+                param = UINT2NUM(*(uint32_t *) parameters[i]);
+                break;
+            case NATIVE_INT64:
+                param = LL2NUM(*(int64_t *) parameters[i]);
+                break;
+            case NATIVE_UINT64:
+                param = ULL2NUM(*(uint64_t *) parameters[i]);
+                break;
+            case NATIVE_LONG:
+                param = LONG2NUM(*(long *) parameters[i]);
+                break;
+            case NATIVE_ULONG:
+                param = ULONG2NUM(*(unsigned long *) parameters[i]);
+                break;
+            case NATIVE_FLOAT32:
+                param = rb_float_new(*(float *) parameters[i]);
+                break;
+            case NATIVE_FLOAT64:
+                param = rb_float_new(*(double *) parameters[i]);
+                break;
+            case NATIVE_LONGDOUBLE:
+	      param = rbffi_longdouble_new(*(long double *) parameters[i]);
+                break;
+            case NATIVE_STRING:
+                param = (*(void **) parameters[i] != NULL) ? rb_tainted_str_new2(*(char **) parameters[i]) : Qnil;
+                break;
+            case NATIVE_POINTER:
+                param = rbffi_Pointer_NewInstance(*(void **) parameters[i]);
+                break;
+            case NATIVE_BOOL:
+                param = (*(uint8_t *) parameters[i]) ? Qtrue : Qfalse;
+                break;
+
+            case NATIVE_FUNCTION:
+            case NATIVE_CALLBACK:
+            case NATIVE_STRUCT:
+                param = rbffi_NativeValue_ToRuby(paramType, rbParamType, parameters[i]);
+                break;
+
+            default:
+                param = Qnil;
+                break;
+        }
+
+        /* Convert the native value into a custom ruby value */
+        if (unlikely(cbInfo->parameterTypes[i]->nativeType == NATIVE_MAPPED)) {
+            VALUE values[] = { param, Qnil };
+            param = rb_funcall2(((MappedType *) cbInfo->parameterTypes[i])->rbConverter, id_from_native, 2, values);
+        }
+
+        rbParams[i] = param;
+    }
+
+    rbReturnValue = rb_funcall2(fn->rbProc, id_call, cbInfo->parameterCount, rbParams);
+
+    if (unlikely(returnType->nativeType == NATIVE_MAPPED)) {
+        VALUE values[] = { rbReturnValue, Qnil };
+        rbReturnValue = rb_funcall2(((MappedType *) returnType)->rbConverter, id_to_native, 2, values);
+        rbReturnType = ((MappedType *) returnType)->rbType;
+        returnType = ((MappedType* ) returnType)->type;
+    }
+
+    if (rbReturnValue == Qnil || TYPE(rbReturnValue) == T_NIL) {
+        memset(retval, 0, returnType->ffiType->size);
+    } else switch (returnType->nativeType) {
+        case NATIVE_INT8:
+        case NATIVE_INT16:
+        case NATIVE_INT32:
+            *((ffi_sarg *) retval) = NUM2INT(rbReturnValue);
+            break;
+        case NATIVE_UINT8:
+        case NATIVE_UINT16:
+        case NATIVE_UINT32:
+            *((ffi_arg *) retval) = NUM2UINT(rbReturnValue);
+            break;
+        case NATIVE_INT64:
+            *((int64_t *) retval) = NUM2LL(rbReturnValue);
+            break;
+        case NATIVE_UINT64:
+            *((uint64_t *) retval) = NUM2ULL(rbReturnValue);
+            break;
+        case NATIVE_LONG:
+            *((ffi_sarg *) retval) = NUM2LONG(rbReturnValue);
+            break;
+        case NATIVE_ULONG:
+            *((ffi_arg *) retval) = NUM2ULONG(rbReturnValue);
+            break;
+        case NATIVE_FLOAT32:
+            *((float *) retval) = (float) NUM2DBL(rbReturnValue);
+            break;
+        case NATIVE_FLOAT64:
+            *((double *) retval) = NUM2DBL(rbReturnValue);
+            break;
+        case NATIVE_POINTER:
+            if (TYPE(rbReturnValue) == T_DATA && rb_obj_is_kind_of(rbReturnValue, rbffi_PointerClass)) {
+                *((void **) retval) = ((AbstractMemory *) DATA_PTR(rbReturnValue))->address;
+            } else {
+                /* Default to returning NULL if not a value pointer object.  handles nil case as well */
+                *((void **) retval) = NULL;
+            }
+            break;
+
+        case NATIVE_BOOL:
+            *((ffi_arg *) retval) = rbReturnValue == Qtrue;
+            break;
+
+        case NATIVE_FUNCTION:
+        case NATIVE_CALLBACK:
+            if (TYPE(rbReturnValue) == T_DATA && rb_obj_is_kind_of(rbReturnValue, rbffi_PointerClass)) {
+
+                *((void **) retval) = ((AbstractMemory *) DATA_PTR(rbReturnValue))->address;
+
+            } else if (rb_obj_is_kind_of(rbReturnValue, rb_cProc) || rb_respond_to(rbReturnValue, id_call)) {
+                VALUE function;
+
+                function = rbffi_Function_ForProc(rbReturnType, rbReturnValue);
+
+                *((void **) retval) = ((AbstractMemory *) DATA_PTR(function))->address;
+            } else {
+                *((void **) retval) = NULL;
+            }
+            break;
+
+        case NATIVE_STRUCT:
+            if (TYPE(rbReturnValue) == T_DATA && rb_obj_is_kind_of(rbReturnValue, rbffi_StructClass)) {
+                AbstractMemory* memory = ((Struct *) DATA_PTR(rbReturnValue))->pointer;
+
+                if (memory->address != NULL) {
+                    memcpy(retval, memory->address, returnType->ffiType->size);
+
+                } else {
+                    memset(retval, 0, returnType->ffiType->size);
+                }
+
+            } else {
+                memset(retval, 0, returnType->ffiType->size);
+            }
+            break;
+
+        default:
+            *((ffi_arg *) retval) = 0;
+            break;
+    }
+
+    return Qnil;
+}
+
+static VALUE
+save_callback_exception(void* data, VALUE exc)
+{
+    struct gvl_callback* cb = (struct gvl_callback *) data;
+
+    memset(cb->retval, 0, ((Function *) cb->closure->info)->info->returnType->ffiType->size);
+    if (cb->frame != NULL) cb->frame->exc = exc;
+
+    return Qnil;
+}
+
+static bool
+callback_prep(void* ctx, void* code, Closure* closure, char* errmsg, size_t errmsgsize)
+{
+    FunctionType* fnInfo = (FunctionType *) ctx;
+    ffi_status ffiStatus;
+
+    ffiStatus = ffi_prep_closure(code, &fnInfo->ffi_cif, callback_invoke, closure);
+    if (ffiStatus != FFI_OK) {
+        snprintf(errmsg, errmsgsize, "ffi_prep_closure failed.  status=%#x", ffiStatus);
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+void
+rbffi_Function_Init(VALUE moduleFFI)
+{
+    rbffi_FunctionInfo_Init(moduleFFI);
+    /*
+     * Document-class: FFI::Function < FFI::Pointer
+     */
+    rbffi_FunctionClass = rb_define_class_under(moduleFFI, "Function", rbffi_PointerClass);
+
+    rb_global_variable(&rbffi_FunctionClass);
+    rb_define_alloc_func(rbffi_FunctionClass, function_allocate);
+
+    rb_define_method(rbffi_FunctionClass, "initialize", function_initialize, -1);
+    rb_define_method(rbffi_FunctionClass, "initialize_copy", function_initialize_copy, 1);
+    rb_define_method(rbffi_FunctionClass, "call", function_call, -1);
+    rb_define_method(rbffi_FunctionClass, "attach", function_attach, 2);
+    rb_define_method(rbffi_FunctionClass, "free", function_release, 0);
+    rb_define_method(rbffi_FunctionClass, "autorelease=", function_set_autorelease, 1);
+    /*
+     * call-seq: autorelease
+     * @return [Boolean]
+     * Get +autorelease+ attribute.
+     * Synonymous for {#autorelease?}.
+     */
+    rb_define_method(rbffi_FunctionClass, "autorelease", function_autorelease_p, 0);
+    /*
+     * call-seq: autorelease?
+     * @return [Boolean] +autorelease+ attribute
+     * Get +autorelease+ attribute.
+     */
+    rb_define_method(rbffi_FunctionClass, "autorelease?", function_autorelease_p, 0);
+
+    id_call = rb_intern("call");
+    id_cbtable = rb_intern("@__ffi_callback_table__");
+    id_cb_ref = rb_intern("@__ffi_callback__");
+    id_to_native = rb_intern("to_native");
+    id_from_native = rb_intern("from_native");
+#if defined(_WIN32)
+    InitializeCriticalSection(&async_cb_lock);
+    async_cb_cond = CreateEvent(NULL, FALSE, FALSE, NULL);
+#endif
+}
diff --git a/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/Function.h b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/Function.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..052aaf6a28142806acde84e3aa70f6343c90abbc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/Function.h
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2009, Wayne Meissner
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2008-2013, Ruby FFI project contributors
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+ *     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ *     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *       documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ *     * Neither the name of the Ruby FFI project nor the
+ *       names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products
+ *       derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND
+ * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
+ * WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
+ * DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL <COPYRIGHT HOLDER> BE LIABLE FOR ANY
+ * DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
+ * (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
+ * LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND
+ * ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+ * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
+ * SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+#ifndef RBFFI_FUNCTION_H
+#define	RBFFI_FUNCTION_H
+
+#ifdef	__cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+#ifndef _MSC_VER
+# include <stdbool.h>
+#else
+# include "win32/stdbool.h"
+#endif
+
+#include <ffi.h>
+
+typedef struct FunctionType_ FunctionType;
+
+#include "Type.h"
+#include "Call.h"
+#include "ClosurePool.h"
+
+struct FunctionType_ {
+    Type type; /* The native type of a FunctionInfo object */
+    VALUE rbReturnType;
+    VALUE rbParameterTypes;
+
+    Type* returnType;
+    Type** parameterTypes;
+    NativeType* nativeParameterTypes;
+    ffi_type* ffiReturnType;
+    ffi_type** ffiParameterTypes;
+    ffi_cif ffi_cif;
+    Invoker invoke;
+    ClosurePool* closurePool;
+    int parameterCount;
+    int flags;
+    ffi_abi abi;
+    int callbackCount;
+    VALUE* callbackParameters;
+    VALUE rbEnums;
+    bool ignoreErrno;
+    bool blocking;
+    bool hasStruct;
+};
+
+extern VALUE rbffi_FunctionTypeClass, rbffi_FunctionClass;
+
+void rbffi_Function_Init(VALUE moduleFFI);
+VALUE rbffi_Function_NewInstance(VALUE functionInfo, VALUE proc);
+VALUE rbffi_Function_ForProc(VALUE cbInfo, VALUE proc);
+void rbffi_FunctionInfo_Init(VALUE moduleFFI);
+
+#ifdef	__cplusplus
+}
+#endif
+
+#endif	/* RBFFI_FUNCTION_H */
+
diff --git a/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/FunctionInfo.c b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/FunctionInfo.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8085c870eb8727510ea390257cf465000416d1c0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/FunctionInfo.c
@@ -0,0 +1,271 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2009, Wayne Meissner
+ * Copyright (C) 2009 Andrea Fazzi <andrea.fazzi@alcacoop.it>
+ * Copyright (c) 2008-2013, Ruby FFI project contributors
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+ *     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ *     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *       documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ *     * Neither the name of the Ruby FFI project nor the
+ *       names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products
+ *       derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND
+ * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
+ * WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
+ * DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL <COPYRIGHT HOLDER> BE LIABLE FOR ANY
+ * DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
+ * (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
+ * LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND
+ * ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+ * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
+ * SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+#ifndef _MSC_VER
+# include <sys/param.h>
+#endif
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+#ifndef _MSC_VER
+# include <stdint.h>
+# include <stdbool.h>
+#else
+# include "win32/stdbool.h"
+#endif
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <ruby.h>
+
+#include <ffi.h>
+#include "rbffi.h"
+#include "compat.h"
+
+#include "AbstractMemory.h"
+#include "Types.h"
+#include "Type.h"
+#include "StructByValue.h"
+#include "Function.h"
+
+static VALUE fntype_allocate(VALUE klass);
+static VALUE fntype_initialize(int argc, VALUE* argv, VALUE self);
+static void fntype_mark(FunctionType*);
+static void fntype_free(FunctionType *);
+
+VALUE rbffi_FunctionTypeClass = Qnil;
+
+static VALUE
+fntype_allocate(VALUE klass)
+{
+    FunctionType* fnInfo;
+    VALUE obj = Data_Make_Struct(klass, FunctionType, fntype_mark, fntype_free, fnInfo);
+
+    fnInfo->type.ffiType = &ffi_type_pointer;
+    fnInfo->type.nativeType = NATIVE_FUNCTION;
+    fnInfo->rbReturnType = Qnil;
+    fnInfo->rbParameterTypes = Qnil;
+    fnInfo->rbEnums = Qnil;
+    fnInfo->invoke = rbffi_CallFunction;
+    fnInfo->closurePool = NULL;
+
+    return obj;
+}
+
+static void
+fntype_mark(FunctionType* fnInfo)
+{
+    rb_gc_mark(fnInfo->rbReturnType);
+    rb_gc_mark(fnInfo->rbParameterTypes);
+    rb_gc_mark(fnInfo->rbEnums);
+    if (fnInfo->callbackCount > 0 && fnInfo->callbackParameters != NULL) {
+        rb_gc_mark_locations(&fnInfo->callbackParameters[0], &fnInfo->callbackParameters[fnInfo->callbackCount]);
+    }
+}
+
+static void
+fntype_free(FunctionType* fnInfo)
+{
+    xfree(fnInfo->parameterTypes);
+    xfree(fnInfo->ffiParameterTypes);
+    xfree(fnInfo->nativeParameterTypes);
+    xfree(fnInfo->callbackParameters);
+    if (fnInfo->closurePool != NULL) {
+        rbffi_ClosurePool_Free(fnInfo->closurePool);
+    }
+    xfree(fnInfo);
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq: initialize(return_type, param_types, options={})
+ * @param [Type, Symbol] return_type return type for the function
+ * @param [Array<Type, Symbol>] param_types array of parameters types
+ * @param [Hash] options
+ * @option options [Boolean] :blocking set to true if the C function is a blocking call
+ * @option options [Symbol] :convention calling convention see {FFI::Library#calling_convention}
+ * @option options [FFI::Enums] :enums
+ * @return [self]
+ * A new FunctionType instance.
+ */
+static VALUE
+fntype_initialize(int argc, VALUE* argv, VALUE self)
+{
+    FunctionType *fnInfo;
+    ffi_status status;
+    VALUE rbReturnType = Qnil, rbParamTypes = Qnil, rbOptions = Qnil;
+    VALUE rbEnums = Qnil, rbConvention = Qnil, rbBlocking = Qnil;
+#if defined(X86_WIN32)
+    VALUE rbConventionStr;
+#endif
+    int i, nargs;
+
+    nargs = rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "21", &rbReturnType, &rbParamTypes, &rbOptions);
+    if (nargs >= 3 && rbOptions != Qnil) {
+        rbConvention = rb_hash_aref(rbOptions, ID2SYM(rb_intern("convention")));
+        rbEnums = rb_hash_aref(rbOptions, ID2SYM(rb_intern("enums")));
+        rbBlocking = rb_hash_aref(rbOptions, ID2SYM(rb_intern("blocking")));
+    }
+
+    Check_Type(rbParamTypes, T_ARRAY);
+
+    Data_Get_Struct(self, FunctionType, fnInfo);
+    fnInfo->parameterCount = (int) RARRAY_LEN(rbParamTypes);
+    fnInfo->parameterTypes = xcalloc(fnInfo->parameterCount, sizeof(*fnInfo->parameterTypes));
+    fnInfo->ffiParameterTypes = xcalloc(fnInfo->parameterCount, sizeof(ffi_type *));
+    fnInfo->nativeParameterTypes = xcalloc(fnInfo->parameterCount, sizeof(*fnInfo->nativeParameterTypes));
+    fnInfo->rbParameterTypes = rb_ary_new2(fnInfo->parameterCount);
+    fnInfo->rbEnums = rbEnums;
+    fnInfo->blocking = RTEST(rbBlocking);
+    fnInfo->hasStruct = false;
+
+    for (i = 0; i < fnInfo->parameterCount; ++i) {
+        VALUE entry = rb_ary_entry(rbParamTypes, i);
+        VALUE type = rbffi_Type_Lookup(entry);
+
+        if (!RTEST(type)) {
+            VALUE typeName = rb_funcall2(entry, rb_intern("inspect"), 0, NULL);
+            rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "Invalid parameter type (%s)", RSTRING_PTR(typeName));
+        }
+
+        if (rb_obj_is_kind_of(type, rbffi_FunctionTypeClass)) {
+            REALLOC_N(fnInfo->callbackParameters, VALUE, fnInfo->callbackCount + 1);
+            fnInfo->callbackParameters[fnInfo->callbackCount++] = type;
+        }
+
+        if (rb_obj_is_kind_of(type, rbffi_StructByValueClass)) {
+            fnInfo->hasStruct = true;
+        }
+
+        rb_ary_push(fnInfo->rbParameterTypes, type);
+        Data_Get_Struct(type, Type, fnInfo->parameterTypes[i]);
+        fnInfo->ffiParameterTypes[i] = fnInfo->parameterTypes[i]->ffiType;
+        fnInfo->nativeParameterTypes[i] = fnInfo->parameterTypes[i]->nativeType;
+    }
+
+    fnInfo->rbReturnType = rbffi_Type_Lookup(rbReturnType);
+    if (!RTEST(fnInfo->rbReturnType)) {
+        VALUE typeName = rb_funcall2(rbReturnType, rb_intern("inspect"), 0, NULL);
+        rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "Invalid return type (%s)", RSTRING_PTR(typeName));
+    }
+    
+    if (rb_obj_is_kind_of(fnInfo->rbReturnType, rbffi_StructByValueClass)) {
+        fnInfo->hasStruct = true;
+    }
+
+    Data_Get_Struct(fnInfo->rbReturnType, Type, fnInfo->returnType);
+    fnInfo->ffiReturnType = fnInfo->returnType->ffiType;
+
+
+#if defined(X86_WIN32)
+    rbConventionStr = (rbConvention != Qnil) ? rb_funcall2(rbConvention, rb_intern("to_s"), 0, NULL) : Qnil;
+    fnInfo->abi = (rbConventionStr != Qnil && strcmp(StringValueCStr(rbConventionStr), "stdcall") == 0)
+            ? FFI_STDCALL : FFI_DEFAULT_ABI;
+#else
+    fnInfo->abi = FFI_DEFAULT_ABI;
+#endif
+
+    status = ffi_prep_cif(&fnInfo->ffi_cif, fnInfo->abi, fnInfo->parameterCount,
+            fnInfo->ffiReturnType, fnInfo->ffiParameterTypes);
+    switch (status) {
+        case FFI_BAD_ABI:
+            rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "Invalid ABI specified");
+        case FFI_BAD_TYPEDEF:
+            rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "Invalid argument type specified");
+        case FFI_OK:
+            break;
+        default:
+            rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "Unknown FFI error");
+    }
+
+    fnInfo->invoke = rbffi_GetInvoker(fnInfo);
+
+    return self;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq: result_type
+ * @return [Type]
+ * Get the return type of the function type
+ */
+static VALUE
+fntype_result_type(VALUE self)
+{
+    FunctionType* ft;
+
+    Data_Get_Struct(self, FunctionType, ft);
+
+    return ft->rbReturnType;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq: param_types
+ * @return [Array<Type>]
+ * Get parameters types.
+ */
+static VALUE
+fntype_param_types(VALUE self)
+{
+    FunctionType* ft;
+
+    Data_Get_Struct(self, FunctionType, ft);
+
+    return rb_ary_dup(ft->rbParameterTypes);
+}
+
+void
+rbffi_FunctionInfo_Init(VALUE moduleFFI)
+{
+    VALUE ffi_Type;
+
+    ffi_Type = rbffi_TypeClass;
+
+    /*
+     * Document-class: FFI::FunctionType < FFI::Type
+     */
+    rbffi_FunctionTypeClass = rb_define_class_under(moduleFFI, "FunctionType",ffi_Type);
+    rb_global_variable(&rbffi_FunctionTypeClass);
+    /*
+     * Document-const: FFI::CallbackInfo = FFI::FunctionType
+     */
+    rb_define_const(moduleFFI, "CallbackInfo", rbffi_FunctionTypeClass);
+    /*
+     * Document-const: FFI::FunctionInfo = FFI::FunctionType
+     */
+    rb_define_const(moduleFFI, "FunctionInfo", rbffi_FunctionTypeClass);
+    /*
+     * Document-const: FFI::Type::Function = FFI::FunctionType
+     */
+    rb_define_const(ffi_Type, "Function", rbffi_FunctionTypeClass);
+
+    rb_define_alloc_func(rbffi_FunctionTypeClass, fntype_allocate);
+    rb_define_method(rbffi_FunctionTypeClass, "initialize", fntype_initialize, -1);
+    rb_define_method(rbffi_FunctionTypeClass, "result_type", fntype_result_type, 0);
+    rb_define_method(rbffi_FunctionTypeClass, "param_types", fntype_param_types, 0);
+
+}
+
diff --git a/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/LastError.c b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/LastError.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..795a42e5594340eda7c0420bfe1daaffbc6c12f2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/LastError.c
@@ -0,0 +1,184 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2008, 2009, Wayne Meissner
+ * Copyright (C) 2009 Aman Gupta <aman@tmm1.net>
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2008-2013, Ruby FFI project contributors
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+ *     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ *     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *       documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ *     * Neither the name of the Ruby FFI project nor the
+ *       names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products
+ *       derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND
+ * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
+ * WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
+ * DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL <COPYRIGHT HOLDER> BE LIABLE FOR ANY
+ * DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
+ * (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
+ * LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND
+ * ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+ * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
+ * SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+#ifndef _MSC_VER
+# include <sys/param.h>
+#endif
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#ifndef _MSC_VER
+# include <stdint.h>
+# include <stdbool.h>
+#else
+# include "win32/stdbool.h"
+#endif
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <ruby.h>
+
+#include "LastError.h"
+
+#if defined(HAVE_NATIVETHREAD) && !defined(_WIN32) && !defined(__WIN32__)
+# include <pthread.h>
+# define USE_PTHREAD_LOCAL
+#endif
+
+typedef struct ThreadData {
+    int td_errno;
+} ThreadData;
+
+#if defined(USE_PTHREAD_LOCAL)
+static pthread_key_t threadDataKey;
+#endif
+
+static inline ThreadData* thread_data_get(void);
+
+#if defined(USE_PTHREAD_LOCAL)
+
+static ThreadData*
+thread_data_init(void)
+{
+    ThreadData* td = xcalloc(1, sizeof(ThreadData));
+
+    pthread_setspecific(threadDataKey, td);
+
+    return td;
+}
+
+
+static inline ThreadData*
+thread_data_get(void)
+{
+    ThreadData* td = pthread_getspecific(threadDataKey);
+    return td != NULL ? td : thread_data_init();
+}
+
+static void
+thread_data_free(void *ptr)
+{
+    xfree(ptr);
+}
+
+#else
+static ID id_thread_data;
+
+static ThreadData*
+thread_data_init(void)
+{
+    ThreadData* td;
+    VALUE obj;
+
+    obj = Data_Make_Struct(rb_cObject, ThreadData, NULL, -1, td);
+    rb_thread_local_aset(rb_thread_current(), id_thread_data, obj);
+
+    return td;
+}
+
+static inline ThreadData*
+thread_data_get()
+{
+    VALUE obj = rb_thread_local_aref(rb_thread_current(), id_thread_data);
+
+    if (obj != Qnil && TYPE(obj) == T_DATA) {
+        return (ThreadData *) DATA_PTR(obj);
+    }
+
+    return thread_data_init();
+}
+
+#endif
+
+
+/*
+ * call-seq: error
+ * @return [Numeric]
+ * Get +errno+ value.
+ */
+static VALUE
+get_last_error(VALUE self)
+{
+    return INT2NUM(thread_data_get()->td_errno);
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * call-seq: error(error)
+ * @param [Numeric] error
+ * @return [nil]
+ * Set +errno+ value.
+ */
+static VALUE
+set_last_error(VALUE self, VALUE error)
+{
+
+#ifdef _WIN32
+    SetLastError(NUM2INT(error));
+#else
+    errno = NUM2INT(error);
+#endif
+
+    return Qnil;
+}
+
+
+void
+rbffi_save_errno(void)
+{
+    int error = 0;
+
+#ifdef _WIN32
+    error = GetLastError();
+#else
+    error = errno;
+#endif
+
+    thread_data_get()->td_errno = error;
+}
+
+
+void
+rbffi_LastError_Init(VALUE moduleFFI)
+{
+    /*
+     * Document-module: FFI::LastError
+     * This module defines a couple of method to set and get +errno+
+     * for current thread.
+     */
+    VALUE moduleError = rb_define_module_under(moduleFFI, "LastError");
+
+    rb_define_module_function(moduleError, "error", get_last_error, 0);
+    rb_define_module_function(moduleError, "error=", set_last_error, 1);
+
+#if defined(USE_PTHREAD_LOCAL)
+    pthread_key_create(&threadDataKey, thread_data_free);
+#else
+    id_thread_data = rb_intern("ffi_thread_local_data");
+#endif /* USE_PTHREAD_LOCAL */
+}
+
diff --git a/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/LastError.h b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/LastError.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ee1dfbb2d9a41787f702670663e34dbdb7b4e551
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/LastError.h
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2008, 2009, Wayne Meissner
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2008-2013, Ruby FFI project contributors
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+ *     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ *     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *       documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ *     * Neither the name of the Ruby FFI project nor the
+ *       names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products
+ *       derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND
+ * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
+ * WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
+ * DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL <COPYRIGHT HOLDER> BE LIABLE FOR ANY
+ * DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
+ * (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
+ * LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND
+ * ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+ * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
+ * SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+#ifndef RBFFI_LASTERROR_H
+#define	RBFFI_LASTERROR_H
+
+#ifdef	__cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+
+void rbffi_LastError_Init(VALUE moduleFFI);
+
+void rbffi_save_errno(void);
+
+#ifdef	__cplusplus
+}
+#endif
+
+#endif	/* RBFFI_LASTERROR_H */
+
diff --git a/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/LongDouble.c b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/LongDouble.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a21883afed9229ce5651533bae101a305917048a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/LongDouble.c
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+#include "LongDouble.h"
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <float.h>
+
+#if defined (__CYGWIN__) || defined(__INTERIX)
+# define strtold(str, endptr)    ((long double) strtod((str), (endptr)))
+#endif /* defined (__CYGWIN__) */
+
+static VALUE rb_cBigDecimal = Qnil;
+static VALUE bigdecimal_load(VALUE unused);
+static VALUE bigdecimal_failed(VALUE value);
+
+VALUE 
+rbffi_longdouble_new(long double ld)
+{
+    if (!RTEST(rb_cBigDecimal)) {
+        /* allow fallback if the bigdecimal library is unavailable in future ruby versions */
+        rb_cBigDecimal = rb_rescue(bigdecimal_load, Qnil, bigdecimal_failed, rb_cObject);
+    }
+
+    if (RTEST(rb_cBigDecimal) && rb_cBigDecimal != rb_cObject) {
+        char buf[128];
+        return rb_funcall(rb_cBigDecimal, rb_intern("new"), 1, rb_str_new(buf, sprintf(buf, "%.35Le", ld)));
+    }
+
+    /* Fall through to handling as a float */
+    return rb_float_new(ld);
+}
+
+long double 
+rbffi_num2longdouble(VALUE value)
+{
+    if (TYPE(value) == T_FLOAT) {
+        return rb_num2dbl(value);
+    }
+    
+    if (!RTEST(rb_cBigDecimal) && rb_const_defined(rb_cObject, rb_intern("BigDecimal"))) {
+        rb_cBigDecimal = rb_const_get(rb_cObject, rb_intern("BigDecimal"));
+    }
+
+    if (RTEST(rb_cBigDecimal) && rb_cBigDecimal != rb_cObject && RTEST(rb_obj_is_kind_of(value, rb_cBigDecimal))) {
+        VALUE s = rb_funcall(value, rb_intern("to_s"), 1, rb_str_new2("E"));
+        return strtold(RSTRING_PTR(s), NULL);
+    }
+
+    /* Fall through to handling as a float */
+    return rb_num2dbl(value);
+}
+
+
+static VALUE 
+bigdecimal_load(VALUE unused)
+{
+    rb_require("bigdecimal");
+    return rb_const_get(rb_cObject, rb_intern("BigDecimal"));
+}
+
+static VALUE 
+bigdecimal_failed(VALUE value)
+{
+    return value;
+}
diff --git a/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/LongDouble.h b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/LongDouble.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2e52ccb33db74f44217c37bc6625ab5f566e84b7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/LongDouble.h
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2012, Wayne Meissner
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2008-2013, Ruby FFI project contributors
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+ *     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ *     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *       documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ *     * Neither the name of the Ruby FFI project nor the
+ *       names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products
+ *       derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND
+ * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
+ * WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
+ * DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL <COPYRIGHT HOLDER> BE LIABLE FOR ANY
+ * DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
+ * (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
+ * LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND
+ * ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+ * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
+ * SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+#ifndef RBFFI_LONGDOUBLE_H
+#define	RBFFI_LONGDOUBLE_H
+
+#include <ruby.h>
+
+#ifdef	__cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+#define strtold strtod
+#endif
+
+extern VALUE rbffi_longdouble_new(long double ld);
+extern long double rbffi_num2longdouble(VALUE value);
+
+#ifdef	__cplusplus
+}
+#endif
+
+#endif	/* RBFFI_LONGDOUBLE_H */
+
diff --git a/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/Makefile b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f3970538c7ef0af119b903d287d057822b45894a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,263 @@
+
+SHELL = /bin/sh
+
+# V=0 quiet, V=1 verbose.  other values don't work.
+V = 0
+Q1 = $(V:1=)
+Q = $(Q1:0=@)
+ECHO1 = $(V:1=@:)
+ECHO = $(ECHO1:0=@echo)
+NULLCMD = :
+
+#### Start of system configuration section. ####
+
+srcdir = .
+topdir = /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.14.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.3/usr/include/ruby-2.3.0
+hdrdir = $(topdir)
+arch_hdrdir = /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.14.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.3/usr/include/ruby-2.3.0/universal-darwin18
+PATH_SEPARATOR = :
+VPATH = $(srcdir):$(arch_hdrdir)/ruby:$(hdrdir)/ruby
+prefix = $(DESTDIR)/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.3/usr
+rubysitearchprefix = $(rubylibprefix)/$(sitearch)
+rubyarchprefix = $(rubylibprefix)/$(arch)
+rubylibprefix = $(libdir)/$(RUBY_BASE_NAME)
+exec_prefix = $(prefix)
+vendorarchhdrdir = $(vendorhdrdir)/$(sitearch)
+sitearchhdrdir = $(sitehdrdir)/$(sitearch)
+rubyarchhdrdir = $(rubyhdrdir)/$(arch)
+vendorhdrdir = $(rubyhdrdir)/vendor_ruby
+sitehdrdir = $(rubyhdrdir)/site_ruby
+rubyhdrdir = $(includedir)/$(RUBY_VERSION_NAME)
+vendorarchdir = $(vendorlibdir)/$(sitearch)
+vendorlibdir = $(vendordir)/$(ruby_version)
+vendordir = $(rubylibprefix)/vendor_ruby
+sitearchdir = $(DESTDIR)./.gem.20190924-36740-x1wmd8
+sitelibdir = $(DESTDIR)./.gem.20190924-36740-x1wmd8
+sitedir = $(DESTDIR)/Library/Ruby/Site
+rubyarchdir = $(rubylibdir)/$(arch)
+rubylibdir = $(rubylibprefix)/$(ruby_version)
+sitearchincludedir = $(includedir)/$(sitearch)
+archincludedir = $(includedir)/$(arch)
+sitearchlibdir = $(libdir)/$(sitearch)
+archlibdir = $(libdir)/$(arch)
+ridir = $(datarootdir)/$(RI_BASE_NAME)
+mandir = $(DESTDIR)/usr/share/man
+localedir = $(datarootdir)/locale
+libdir = $(exec_prefix)/lib
+psdir = $(docdir)
+pdfdir = $(docdir)
+dvidir = $(docdir)
+htmldir = $(docdir)
+infodir = $(DESTDIR)/usr/share/info
+docdir = $(datarootdir)/doc/$(PACKAGE)
+oldincludedir = $(DESTDIR)/usr/include
+includedir = $(DESTDIR)/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.14.sdk$(prefix)/include
+localstatedir = $(prefix)/var
+sharedstatedir = $(prefix)/com
+sysconfdir = $(DESTDIR)/Library/Ruby/Site
+datadir = $(datarootdir)
+datarootdir = $(prefix)/share
+libexecdir = $(exec_prefix)/libexec
+sbindir = $(exec_prefix)/sbin
+bindir = $(exec_prefix)/bin
+archdir = $(rubyarchdir)
+
+
+CC = xcrun clang
+CXX = xcrun clang++
+LIBRUBY = $(LIBRUBY_SO)
+LIBRUBY_A = lib$(RUBY_SO_NAME)-static.a
+LIBRUBYARG_SHARED = -l$(RUBY_SO_NAME)
+LIBRUBYARG_STATIC = -l$(RUBY_SO_NAME)-static -framework Foundation
+empty =
+OUTFLAG = -o $(empty)
+COUTFLAG = -o $(empty)
+
+RUBY_EXTCONF_H = extconf.h
+cflags   =  $(optflags) $(debugflags) $(warnflags)
+cxxflags =  $(optflags) $(debugflags) $(warnflags)
+optflags = 
+debugflags = -g
+warnflags = 
+CCDLFLAGS = 
+CFLAGS   = $(CCDLFLAGS)  -g -Os -pipe -DHAVE_GCC_ATOMIC_BUILTINS $(ARCH_FLAG)
+INCFLAGS = -I. -I$(arch_hdrdir) -I$(hdrdir)/ruby/backward -I$(hdrdir) -I$(srcdir)
+DEFS     = 
+CPPFLAGS = -DRUBY_EXTCONF_H=\"$(RUBY_EXTCONF_H)\" -D_XOPEN_SOURCE -D_DARWIN_C_SOURCE -D_DARWIN_UNLIMITED_SELECT -D_REENTRANT $(DEFS) $(cppflags)
+CXXFLAGS = $(CCDLFLAGS)  -g -Os -pipe  $(ARCH_FLAG)
+ldflags  = -L.
+dldflags = -Wl,-undefined,dynamic_lookup -Wl,-multiply_defined,suppress 
+ARCH_FLAG = 
+DLDFLAGS = $(ldflags) $(dldflags) $(ARCH_FLAG)
+LDSHARED = $(CC) -dynamic -bundle
+LDSHAREDXX = $(CXX) -dynamic -bundle
+AR = libtool -static
+EXEEXT = 
+
+RUBY_INSTALL_NAME = $(RUBY_BASE_NAME)
+RUBY_SO_NAME = ruby.2.3.0
+RUBYW_INSTALL_NAME = 
+RUBY_VERSION_NAME = $(RUBY_BASE_NAME)-$(ruby_version)
+RUBYW_BASE_NAME = rubyw
+RUBY_BASE_NAME = ruby
+
+arch = universal-darwin18
+sitearch = $(arch)
+ruby_version = 2.3.0
+ruby = $(bindir)/$(RUBY_BASE_NAME)
+RUBY = $(ruby)
+ruby_headers = $(hdrdir)/ruby.h $(hdrdir)/ruby/ruby.h $(hdrdir)/ruby/defines.h $(hdrdir)/ruby/missing.h $(hdrdir)/ruby/intern.h $(hdrdir)/ruby/st.h $(hdrdir)/ruby/subst.h $(arch_hdrdir)/ruby/config.h $(RUBY_EXTCONF_H)
+
+RM = rm -f
+RM_RF = $(RUBY) -run -e rm -- -rf
+RMDIRS = rmdir -p
+MAKEDIRS = mkdir -p
+INSTALL = /usr/bin/install -c
+INSTALL_PROG = $(INSTALL) -m 0755
+INSTALL_DATA = $(INSTALL) -m 644
+COPY = cp
+TOUCH = exit >
+
+#### End of system configuration section. ####
+
+preload = 
+
+libpath = . $(libdir)
+LIBPATH =  -L. -L$(libdir)
+DEFFILE = 
+
+CLEANFILES = mkmf.log
+DISTCLEANFILES = 
+DISTCLEANDIRS = 
+
+extout = 
+extout_prefix = 
+target_prefix = 
+LOCAL_LIBS = 
+LIBS = $(LIBRUBYARG_SHARED)  -lpthread -ldl -lobjc 
+ORIG_SRCS = AbstractMemory.c ArrayType.c Buffer.c Call.c ClosurePool.c DataConverter.c DynamicLibrary.c Function.c FunctionInfo.c LastError.c LongDouble.c MappedType.c MemoryPointer.c MethodHandle.c Platform.c Pointer.c Struct.c StructByReference.c StructByValue.c StructLayout.c Thread.c Type.c Types.c Variadic.c ffi.c
+SRCS = $(ORIG_SRCS) 
+OBJS = AbstractMemory.o ArrayType.o Buffer.o Call.o ClosurePool.o DataConverter.o DynamicLibrary.o Function.o FunctionInfo.o LastError.o LongDouble.o MappedType.o MemoryPointer.o MethodHandle.o Platform.o Pointer.o Struct.o StructByReference.o StructByValue.o StructLayout.o Thread.o Type.o Types.o Variadic.o ffi.o
+HDRS = $(srcdir)/Type.h $(srcdir)/rbffi_endian.h $(srcdir)/MappedType.h $(srcdir)/Types.h $(srcdir)/LastError.h $(srcdir)/ArrayType.h $(srcdir)/StructByReference.h $(srcdir)/extconf.h $(srcdir)/StructByValue.h $(srcdir)/AbstractMemory.h $(srcdir)/ClosurePool.h $(srcdir)/Call.h $(srcdir)/MethodHandle.h $(srcdir)/Struct.h $(srcdir)/rbffi.h $(srcdir)/Thread.h $(srcdir)/compat.h $(srcdir)/DynamicLibrary.h $(srcdir)/Platform.h $(srcdir)/Function.h $(srcdir)/LongDouble.h $(srcdir)/MemoryPointer.h $(srcdir)/Pointer.h
+TARGET = ffi_c
+TARGET_NAME = ffi_c
+TARGET_ENTRY = Init_$(TARGET_NAME)
+DLLIB = $(TARGET).bundle
+EXTSTATIC = 
+STATIC_LIB = 
+
+TIMESTAMP_DIR = .
+BINDIR        = $(bindir)
+RUBYCOMMONDIR = $(sitedir)$(target_prefix)
+RUBYLIBDIR    = $(sitelibdir)$(target_prefix)
+RUBYARCHDIR   = $(sitearchdir)$(target_prefix)
+HDRDIR        = $(rubyhdrdir)/ruby$(target_prefix)
+ARCHHDRDIR    = $(rubyhdrdir)/$(arch)/ruby$(target_prefix)
+
+TARGET_SO     = $(DLLIB)
+CLEANLIBS     = $(TARGET).bundle 
+CLEANOBJS     = *.o  *.bak
+
+all:    $(DLLIB)
+static: $(STATIC_LIB)
+.PHONY: all install static install-so install-rb
+.PHONY: clean clean-so clean-static clean-rb
+
+clean-static::
+clean-rb-default::
+clean-rb::
+clean-so::
+clean: clean-so clean-static clean-rb-default clean-rb
+		-$(Q)$(RM) $(CLEANLIBS) $(CLEANOBJS) $(CLEANFILES) .*.time
+
+distclean-rb-default::
+distclean-rb::
+distclean-so::
+distclean-static::
+distclean: clean distclean-so distclean-static distclean-rb-default distclean-rb
+		-$(Q)$(RM) Makefile $(RUBY_EXTCONF_H) conftest.* mkmf.log
+		-$(Q)$(RM) core ruby$(EXEEXT) *~ $(DISTCLEANFILES)
+		-$(Q)$(RMDIRS) $(DISTCLEANDIRS) 2> /dev/null || true
+
+realclean: distclean
+install: install-so install-rb
+
+install-so: $(DLLIB) $(TIMESTAMP_DIR)/.RUBYARCHDIR.time
+	$(INSTALL_PROG) $(DLLIB) $(RUBYARCHDIR)
+clean-static::
+	-$(Q)$(RM) $(STATIC_LIB)
+install-rb: pre-install-rb install-rb-default
+install-rb-default: pre-install-rb-default
+pre-install-rb: Makefile
+pre-install-rb-default: Makefile
+pre-install-rb-default:
+	@$(NULLCMD)
+$(TIMESTAMP_DIR)/.RUBYARCHDIR.time:
+	$(Q) $(MAKEDIRS) $(@D) $(RUBYARCHDIR)
+	$(Q) $(TOUCH) $@
+
+site-install: site-install-so site-install-rb
+site-install-so: install-so
+site-install-rb: install-rb
+
+.SUFFIXES: .c .m .cc .mm .cxx .cpp .o .S
+
+.cc.o:
+	$(ECHO) compiling $(<)
+	$(Q) $(CXX) $(INCFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) $(CXXFLAGS) $(COUTFLAG)$@ -c $<
+
+.cc.S:
+	$(ECHO) translating $(<)
+	$(Q) $(CXX) $(INCFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) $(CXXFLAGS) $(COUTFLAG)$@ -S $<
+
+.mm.o:
+	$(ECHO) compiling $(<)
+	$(Q) $(CXX) $(INCFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) $(CXXFLAGS) $(COUTFLAG)$@ -c $<
+
+.mm.S:
+	$(ECHO) translating $(<)
+	$(Q) $(CXX) $(INCFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) $(CXXFLAGS) $(COUTFLAG)$@ -S $<
+
+.cxx.o:
+	$(ECHO) compiling $(<)
+	$(Q) $(CXX) $(INCFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) $(CXXFLAGS) $(COUTFLAG)$@ -c $<
+
+.cxx.S:
+	$(ECHO) translating $(<)
+	$(Q) $(CXX) $(INCFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) $(CXXFLAGS) $(COUTFLAG)$@ -S $<
+
+.cpp.o:
+	$(ECHO) compiling $(<)
+	$(Q) $(CXX) $(INCFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) $(CXXFLAGS) $(COUTFLAG)$@ -c $<
+
+.cpp.S:
+	$(ECHO) translating $(<)
+	$(Q) $(CXX) $(INCFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) $(CXXFLAGS) $(COUTFLAG)$@ -S $<
+
+.c.o:
+	$(ECHO) compiling $(<)
+	$(Q) $(CC) $(INCFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) $(CFLAGS) $(COUTFLAG)$@ -c $<
+
+.c.S:
+	$(ECHO) translating $(<)
+	$(Q) $(CC) $(INCFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) $(CFLAGS) $(COUTFLAG)$@ -S $<
+
+.m.o:
+	$(ECHO) compiling $(<)
+	$(Q) $(CC) $(INCFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) $(CFLAGS) $(COUTFLAG)$@ -c $<
+
+.m.S:
+	$(ECHO) translating $(<)
+	$(Q) $(CC) $(INCFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) $(CFLAGS) $(COUTFLAG)$@ -S $<
+
+$(DLLIB): $(OBJS) Makefile
+	$(ECHO) linking shared-object $(DLLIB)
+	-$(Q)$(RM) $(@)
+	$(Q) $(LDSHARED) -o $@ $(OBJS) $(LIBPATH) $(DLDFLAGS) $(LOCAL_LIBS) $(LIBS)
+	$(Q) $(POSTLINK)
+
+
+
+$(OBJS): $(HDRS) $(ruby_headers)
+LIBFFI_HOST=--host=
+include ${srcdir}/libffi.darwin.mk
diff --git a/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/MappedType.c b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/MappedType.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d1a41894b69235f80fcbb55cabb0cd9e77a33659
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/MappedType.c
@@ -0,0 +1,168 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2010, Wayne Meissner
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2008-2013, Ruby FFI project contributors
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+ *     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ *     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *       documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ *     * Neither the name of the Ruby FFI project nor the
+ *       names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products
+ *       derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND
+ * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
+ * WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
+ * DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL <COPYRIGHT HOLDER> BE LIABLE FOR ANY
+ * DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
+ * (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
+ * LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND
+ * ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+ * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
+ * SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+#include <ruby.h>
+
+#include <ffi.h>
+#include "rbffi.h"
+
+#include "Type.h"
+#include "MappedType.h"
+
+
+static VALUE mapped_allocate(VALUE);
+static VALUE mapped_initialize(VALUE, VALUE);
+static void mapped_mark(MappedType *);
+static ID id_native_type, id_to_native, id_from_native;
+
+VALUE rbffi_MappedTypeClass = Qnil;
+
+static VALUE
+mapped_allocate(VALUE klass)
+{
+    MappedType* m;
+
+    VALUE obj = Data_Make_Struct(klass, MappedType, mapped_mark, -1, m);
+
+    m->rbConverter = Qnil;
+    m->rbType = Qnil;
+    m->type = NULL;
+    m->base.nativeType = NATIVE_MAPPED;
+    m->base.ffiType = &ffi_type_void;
+    
+    return obj;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq: initialize(converter)
+ * @param [#native_type, #to_native, #from_native] converter +converter+ must respond to
+ *  all these methods
+ * @return [self]
+ */
+static VALUE
+mapped_initialize(VALUE self, VALUE rbConverter)
+{
+    MappedType* m = NULL;
+    
+    if (!rb_respond_to(rbConverter, id_native_type)) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eNoMethodError, "native_type method not implemented");
+    }
+
+    if (!rb_respond_to(rbConverter, id_to_native)) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eNoMethodError, "to_native method not implemented");
+    }
+
+    if (!rb_respond_to(rbConverter, id_from_native)) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eNoMethodError, "from_native method not implemented");
+    }
+    
+    Data_Get_Struct(self, MappedType, m);
+    m->rbType = rb_funcall2(rbConverter, id_native_type, 0, NULL);
+    if (!(rb_obj_is_kind_of(m->rbType, rbffi_TypeClass))) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "native_type did not return instance of FFI::Type");
+    }
+
+    m->rbConverter = rbConverter;
+    Data_Get_Struct(m->rbType, Type, m->type);
+    m->base.ffiType = m->type->ffiType;
+    
+    return self;
+}
+
+static void
+mapped_mark(MappedType* m)
+{
+    rb_gc_mark(m->rbType);
+    rb_gc_mark(m->rbConverter);
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq: mapped_type.native_type
+ * @return [Type]
+ * Get native type of mapped type.
+ */
+static VALUE
+mapped_native_type(VALUE self)
+{
+    MappedType*m = NULL;
+    Data_Get_Struct(self, MappedType, m);
+
+    return m->rbType;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq: mapped_type.to_native(*args)
+ * @param args depends on {FFI::DataConverter} used to initialize +self+
+ */
+static VALUE
+mapped_to_native(int argc, VALUE* argv, VALUE self)
+{
+    MappedType*m = NULL;
+    
+    Data_Get_Struct(self, MappedType, m);
+    
+    return rb_funcall2(m->rbConverter, id_to_native, argc, argv);
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq: mapped_type.from_native(*args)
+ * @param args depends on {FFI::DataConverter} used to initialize +self+
+ */
+static VALUE
+mapped_from_native(int argc, VALUE* argv, VALUE self)
+{
+    MappedType*m = NULL;
+    
+    Data_Get_Struct(self, MappedType, m);
+
+    return rb_funcall2(m->rbConverter, id_from_native, argc, argv);
+}
+
+void
+rbffi_MappedType_Init(VALUE moduleFFI)
+{
+    /* 
+     * Document-class: FFI::Type::Mapped < FFI::Type
+     */
+    rbffi_MappedTypeClass = rb_define_class_under(rbffi_TypeClass, "Mapped", rbffi_TypeClass);
+    
+    rb_global_variable(&rbffi_MappedTypeClass);
+
+    id_native_type = rb_intern("native_type");
+    id_to_native = rb_intern("to_native");
+    id_from_native = rb_intern("from_native");
+
+    rb_define_alloc_func(rbffi_MappedTypeClass, mapped_allocate);
+    rb_define_method(rbffi_MappedTypeClass, "initialize", mapped_initialize, 1);
+    rb_define_method(rbffi_MappedTypeClass, "type", mapped_native_type, 0);
+    rb_define_method(rbffi_MappedTypeClass, "native_type", mapped_native_type, 0);
+    rb_define_method(rbffi_MappedTypeClass, "to_native", mapped_to_native, -1);
+    rb_define_method(rbffi_MappedTypeClass, "from_native", mapped_from_native, -1);
+}
+
diff --git a/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/MappedType.h b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/MappedType.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4b26cc1c62400ffb907aa8085941446f7dbbfea0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/MappedType.h
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2010, Wayne Meissner
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2008-2013, Ruby FFI project contributors
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+ *     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ *     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *       documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ *     * Neither the name of the Ruby FFI project nor the
+ *       names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products
+ *       derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND
+ * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
+ * WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
+ * DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL <COPYRIGHT HOLDER> BE LIABLE FOR ANY
+ * DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
+ * (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
+ * LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND
+ * ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+ * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
+ * SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+#ifndef RBFFI_MAPPEDTYPE_H
+#define	RBFFI_MAPPEDTYPE_H
+
+
+#include <ruby.h>
+
+#ifdef	__cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+
+typedef struct MappedType_ {
+    Type base;
+    Type* type;
+    VALUE rbConverter;
+    VALUE rbType;
+    
+} MappedType;
+
+void rbffi_MappedType_Init(VALUE moduleFFI);
+
+extern VALUE rbffi_MappedTypeClass;
+
+
+#ifdef	__cplusplus
+}
+#endif
+
+#endif	/* RBFFI_MAPPEDTYPE_H */
+
diff --git a/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/MemoryPointer.c b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/MemoryPointer.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0d91c35b7c872dcd2378903b02086ffcd9782bfd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/MemoryPointer.c
@@ -0,0 +1,197 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2008, 2009, Wayne Meissner
+ * Copyright (C) 2009 Luc Heinrich <luc@honk-honk.com>
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2008-2013, Ruby FFI project contributors
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+ *     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ *     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *       documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ *     * Neither the name of the Ruby FFI project nor the
+ *       names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products
+ *       derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND
+ * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
+ * WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
+ * DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL <COPYRIGHT HOLDER> BE LIABLE FOR ANY
+ * DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
+ * (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
+ * LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND
+ * ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+ * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
+ * SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+#ifndef _MSC_VER
+# include <stdbool.h>
+# include <stdint.h>
+#else
+# include "win32/stdbool.h"
+# include "win32/stdint.h"
+#endif
+#include <limits.h>
+#include <ruby.h>
+#include "rbffi.h"
+#include "AbstractMemory.h"
+#include "Pointer.h"
+#include "MemoryPointer.h"
+
+
+static VALUE memptr_allocate(VALUE klass);
+static void memptr_release(Pointer* ptr);
+static VALUE memptr_malloc(VALUE self, long size, long count, bool clear);
+static VALUE memptr_free(VALUE self);
+
+VALUE rbffi_MemoryPointerClass;
+
+#define MEMPTR(obj) ((MemoryPointer *) rbffi_AbstractMemory_Cast(obj, rbffi_MemoryPointerClass))
+
+VALUE
+rbffi_MemoryPointer_NewInstance(long size, long count, bool clear)
+{
+    return memptr_malloc(memptr_allocate(rbffi_MemoryPointerClass), size, count, clear);
+}
+
+static VALUE
+memptr_allocate(VALUE klass)
+{
+    Pointer* p;
+    VALUE obj = Data_Make_Struct(klass, Pointer, NULL, memptr_release, p);
+    p->rbParent = Qnil;
+    p->memory.flags = MEM_RD | MEM_WR;
+
+    return obj;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq: initialize(size, count=1, clear=true)
+ * @param [Fixnum, Bignum, Symbol, FFI::Type] size size of a memory cell (in bytes, or type whom size will be used)
+ * @param [Numeric] count number of cells in memory
+ * @param [Boolean] clear set memory to all-zero if +true+
+ * @return [self]
+ * A new instance of FFI::MemoryPointer.
+ */
+static VALUE
+memptr_initialize(int argc, VALUE* argv, VALUE self)
+{
+    VALUE size = Qnil, count = Qnil, clear = Qnil;
+    int nargs = rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "12", &size, &count, &clear);
+
+    memptr_malloc(self, rbffi_type_size(size), nargs > 1 ? NUM2LONG(count) : 1,
+        RTEST(clear) || clear == Qnil);
+
+    if (rb_block_given_p()) {
+        return rb_ensure(rb_yield, self, memptr_free, self);
+    }
+
+    return self;
+}
+
+static VALUE
+memptr_malloc(VALUE self, long size, long count, bool clear)
+{
+    Pointer* p;
+    unsigned long msize;
+
+    Data_Get_Struct(self, Pointer, p);
+
+    msize = size * count;
+
+    p->storage = xmalloc(msize + 7);
+    if (p->storage == NULL) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eNoMemError, "Failed to allocate memory size=%ld bytes", msize);
+        return Qnil;
+    }
+    p->autorelease = true;
+    p->memory.typeSize = (int) size;
+    p->memory.size = msize;
+    /* ensure the memory is aligned on at least a 8 byte boundary */
+    p->memory.address = (char *) (((uintptr_t) p->storage + 0x7) & (uintptr_t) ~0x7UL);;
+    p->allocated = true;
+
+    if (clear && p->memory.size > 0) {
+        memset(p->memory.address, 0, p->memory.size);
+    }
+
+    return self;
+}
+
+static VALUE
+memptr_free(VALUE self)
+{
+    Pointer* ptr;
+
+    Data_Get_Struct(self, Pointer, ptr);
+
+    if (ptr->allocated) {
+        if (ptr->storage != NULL) {
+            xfree(ptr->storage);
+            ptr->storage = NULL;
+        }
+        ptr->allocated = false;
+    }
+
+    return self;
+}
+
+static void
+memptr_release(Pointer* ptr)
+{
+    if (ptr->autorelease && ptr->allocated && ptr->storage != NULL) {
+        xfree(ptr->storage);
+        ptr->storage = NULL;
+    }
+    xfree(ptr);
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq: from_string(s)
+ * @param [String] s string
+ * @return [MemoryPointer]
+ * Create a {MemoryPointer} with +s+ inside.
+ */
+static VALUE
+memptr_s_from_string(VALUE klass, VALUE to_str)
+{
+    VALUE s = StringValue(to_str);
+    VALUE args[] = { INT2FIX(1), LONG2NUM(RSTRING_LEN(s) + 1), Qfalse };
+    VALUE obj = rb_class_new_instance(3, args, klass);
+    rb_funcall(obj, rb_intern("put_string"), 2, INT2FIX(0), s);
+
+    return obj;
+}
+
+void
+rbffi_MemoryPointer_Init(VALUE moduleFFI)
+{
+    VALUE ffi_Pointer;
+
+    ffi_Pointer = rbffi_PointerClass;
+
+    /*
+     * Document-class: FFI::MemoryPointer < FFI::Pointer
+     * A MemoryPointer is a specific {Pointer}. It points to a memory composed of cells. All cells have the
+     * same size.
+     *
+     * @example Create a new MemoryPointer
+     *  mp = FFI::MemoryPointer.new(:long, 16)   # Create a pointer on a memory of 16 long ints.
+     * @example Create a new MemoryPointer from a String
+     *  mp1 = FFI::MemoryPointer.from_string("this is a string")
+     *  # same as:
+     *  mp2 = FFI::MemoryPointer.new(:char,16)
+     *  mp2.put_string("this is a string")
+     */
+    rbffi_MemoryPointerClass = rb_define_class_under(moduleFFI, "MemoryPointer", ffi_Pointer);
+    rb_global_variable(&rbffi_MemoryPointerClass);
+
+    rb_define_alloc_func(rbffi_MemoryPointerClass, memptr_allocate);
+    rb_define_method(rbffi_MemoryPointerClass, "initialize", memptr_initialize, -1);
+    rb_define_singleton_method(rbffi_MemoryPointerClass, "from_string", memptr_s_from_string, 1);
+}
+
diff --git a/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/MemoryPointer.h b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/MemoryPointer.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..12576838a679a350ee7b28c032ebfd56613af594
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/MemoryPointer.h
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2008, 2009, Wayne Meissner
+ * Copyright (c) 2008, Luc Heinrich <luc@honk-honk.com>
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2008-2013, Ruby FFI project contributors
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+ *     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ *     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *       documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ *     * Neither the name of the Ruby FFI project nor the
+ *       names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products
+ *       derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND
+ * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
+ * WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
+ * DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL <COPYRIGHT HOLDER> BE LIABLE FOR ANY
+ * DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
+ * (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
+ * LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND
+ * ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+ * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
+ * SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+#ifndef RBFFI_MEMORYPOINTER_H
+#define	RBFFI_MEMORYPOINTER_H
+
+#ifndef _MSC_VER
+# include <stdbool.h>
+#else
+# include "win32/stdbool.h"
+#endif
+#include <ruby.h>
+
+#ifdef	__cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+    extern void rbffi_MemoryPointer_Init(VALUE moduleFFI);
+    extern VALUE rbffi_MemoryPointerClass;
+    extern VALUE rbffi_MemoryPointer_NewInstance(long size, long count, bool clear);
+#ifdef	__cplusplus
+}
+#endif
+
+#endif	/* RBFFI_MEMORYPOINTER_H */
+
diff --git a/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/MethodHandle.c b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/MethodHandle.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..70efb7257438e877379d80b75eaee21ddb078bba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/MethodHandle.c
@@ -0,0 +1,358 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2009, 2010 Wayne Meissner
+ * Copyright (c) 2008-2013, Ruby FFI project contributors
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+ *     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ *     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *       documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ *     * Neither the name of the Ruby FFI project nor the
+ *       names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products
+ *       derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND
+ * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
+ * WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
+ * DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL <COPYRIGHT HOLDER> BE LIABLE FOR ANY
+ * DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
+ * (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
+ * LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND
+ * ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+ * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
+ * SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+#ifndef _MSC_VER
+#include <sys/param.h>
+#endif
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#ifndef _WIN32
+# include <sys/mman.h>
+#endif
+#include <stdio.h>
+#ifndef _MSC_VER
+# include <stdint.h>
+# include <stdbool.h>
+#else
+# include "win32/stdint.h"
+# include "win32/stdbool.h"
+#endif
+#ifndef _WIN32
+# include <unistd.h>
+#endif
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <ruby.h>
+#if defined(HAVE_NATIVETHREAD) && !defined(_WIN32) && !defined(__WIN32__)
+# include <pthread.h>
+#endif
+
+#include <ffi.h>
+#include "rbffi.h"
+#include "compat.h"
+
+#include "Function.h"
+#include "Types.h"
+#include "Type.h"
+#include "LastError.h"
+#include "Call.h"
+#include "ClosurePool.h"
+#include "MethodHandle.h"
+
+
+#define MAX_METHOD_FIXED_ARITY (6)
+
+#ifndef roundup
+#  define roundup(x, y)   ((((x)+((y)-1))/(y))*(y))
+#endif
+#ifdef _WIN32
+  typedef char* caddr_t;
+#endif
+
+#ifdef USE_RAW
+#  define METHOD_CLOSURE ffi_raw_closure
+#  define METHOD_PARAMS ffi_raw*
+#else
+#  define METHOD_CLOSURE ffi_closure
+#  define METHOD_PARAMS void**
+#endif
+
+
+
+static bool prep_trampoline(void* ctx, void* code, Closure* closure, char* errmsg, size_t errmsgsize);
+static long trampoline_size(void);
+
+#if defined(__x86_64__) && (defined(__linux__) || defined(__APPLE__))
+# define CUSTOM_TRAMPOLINE 1
+#endif
+
+
+struct MethodHandle {
+    Closure* closure;
+};
+
+static ClosurePool* defaultClosurePool;
+
+
+MethodHandle*
+rbffi_MethodHandle_Alloc(FunctionType* fnInfo, void* function)
+{
+    MethodHandle* handle;
+    Closure* closure = rbffi_Closure_Alloc(defaultClosurePool);
+    if (closure == NULL) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eNoMemError, "failed to allocate closure from pool");
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    handle = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*handle));
+    handle->closure = closure;
+    closure->info = fnInfo;
+    closure->function = function;
+
+    return handle;
+}
+
+void
+rbffi_MethodHandle_Free(MethodHandle* handle)
+{
+    if (handle != NULL) {
+        rbffi_Closure_Free(handle->closure);
+    }
+}
+
+void*
+rbffi_MethodHandle_CodeAddress(MethodHandle* handle)
+{
+    return handle->closure->code;
+}
+
+#ifndef CUSTOM_TRAMPOLINE
+static void attached_method_invoke(ffi_cif* cif, void* retval, METHOD_PARAMS parameters, void* user_data);
+
+static ffi_type* methodHandleParamTypes[] = {
+    &ffi_type_sint,
+    &ffi_type_pointer,
+    &ffi_type_ulong,
+};
+
+static ffi_cif mh_cif;
+
+static bool
+prep_trampoline(void* ctx, void* code, Closure* closure, char* errmsg, size_t errmsgsize)
+{
+    ffi_status ffiStatus;
+
+#if defined(USE_RAW)
+    ffiStatus = ffi_prep_raw_closure(code, &mh_cif, attached_method_invoke, closure);
+#else
+    ffiStatus = ffi_prep_closure(code, &mh_cif, attached_method_invoke, closure);
+#endif
+    if (ffiStatus != FFI_OK) {
+        snprintf(errmsg, errmsgsize, "ffi_prep_closure failed.  status=%#x", ffiStatus);
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+
+static long
+trampoline_size(void)
+{
+    return sizeof(METHOD_CLOSURE);
+}
+
+/*
+ * attached_method_invoke is used functions with more than 6 parameters, or
+ * with struct param or return values
+ */
+static void
+attached_method_invoke(ffi_cif* cif, void* mretval, METHOD_PARAMS parameters, void* user_data)
+{
+    Closure* handle =  (Closure *) user_data;
+    FunctionType* fnInfo = (FunctionType *) handle->info;
+
+#ifdef USE_RAW
+    int argc = parameters[0].sint;
+    VALUE* argv = *(VALUE **) &parameters[1];
+#else
+    int argc = *(int *) parameters[0];
+    VALUE* argv = *(VALUE **) parameters[1];
+#endif
+
+    *(VALUE *) mretval = (*fnInfo->invoke)(argc, argv, handle->function, fnInfo);
+}
+
+#endif
+
+
+
+#if defined(CUSTOM_TRAMPOLINE)
+#if defined(__x86_64__)
+
+static VALUE custom_trampoline(int argc, VALUE* argv, VALUE self, Closure*);
+
+#define TRAMPOLINE_CTX_MAGIC (0xfee1deadcafebabe)
+#define TRAMPOLINE_FUN_MAGIC (0xfeedfacebeeff00d)
+
+/*
+ * This is a hand-coded trampoline to speedup entry from ruby to the FFI translation
+ * layer for x86_64 arches.
+ *
+ * Since a ruby function has exactly 3 arguments, and the first 6 arguments are
+ * passed in registers for x86_64, we can tack on a context pointer by simply
+ * putting a value in %rcx, then jumping to the C trampoline code.
+ *
+ * This results in approx a 30% speedup for x86_64 FFI dispatch
+ */
+__asm__(
+    ".text\n\t"
+    ".globl ffi_trampoline\n\t"
+    ".globl _ffi_trampoline\n\t"
+    "ffi_trampoline:\n\t"
+    "_ffi_trampoline:\n\t"
+    "movabsq $0xfee1deadcafebabe, %rcx\n\t"
+    "movabsq $0xfeedfacebeeff00d, %r11\n\t"
+    "jmpq *%r11\n\t"
+    ".globl ffi_trampoline_end\n\t"
+    "ffi_trampoline_end:\n\t"
+    ".globl _ffi_trampoline_end\n\t"
+    "_ffi_trampoline_end:\n\t"
+);
+
+static VALUE
+custom_trampoline(int argc, VALUE* argv, VALUE self, Closure* handle)
+{
+    FunctionType* fnInfo = (FunctionType *) handle->info;
+    VALUE rbReturnValue;
+
+    RB_GC_GUARD(rbReturnValue) = (*fnInfo->invoke)(argc, argv, handle->function, fnInfo);
+    RB_GC_GUARD(self);
+
+    return rbReturnValue;
+}
+
+#elif defined(__i386__) && 0
+
+static VALUE custom_trampoline(caddr_t args, Closure*);
+#define TRAMPOLINE_CTX_MAGIC (0xfee1dead)
+#define TRAMPOLINE_FUN_MAGIC (0xbeefcafe)
+
+/*
+ * This is a hand-coded trampoline to speed-up entry from ruby to the FFI translation
+ * layer for i386 arches.
+ *
+ * This does not make a discernible difference vs a raw closure, so for now,
+ * it is not enabled.
+ */
+__asm__(
+    ".text\n\t"
+    ".globl ffi_trampoline\n\t"
+    ".globl _ffi_trampoline\n\t"
+    "ffi_trampoline:\n\t"
+    "_ffi_trampoline:\n\t"
+    "subl    $12, %esp\n\t"
+    "leal    16(%esp), %eax\n\t"
+    "movl    %eax, (%esp)\n\t"
+    "movl    $0xfee1dead, 4(%esp)\n\t"
+    "movl    $0xbeefcafe, %eax\n\t"
+    "call    *%eax\n\t"
+    "addl    $12, %esp\n\t"
+    "ret\n\t"
+    ".globl ffi_trampoline_end\n\t"
+    "ffi_trampoline_end:\n\t"
+    ".globl _ffi_trampoline_end\n\t"
+    "_ffi_trampoline_end:\n\t"
+);
+
+static VALUE
+custom_trampoline(caddr_t args, Closure* handle)
+{
+    FunctionType* fnInfo = (FunctionType *) handle->info;
+    return (*fnInfo->invoke)(*(int *) args, *(VALUE **) (args + 4), handle->function, fnInfo);
+}
+
+#endif /* __x86_64__ else __i386__ */
+
+extern void ffi_trampoline(int argc, VALUE* argv, VALUE self);
+extern void ffi_trampoline_end(void);
+static int trampoline_offsets(long *, long *);
+
+static long trampoline_ctx_offset, trampoline_func_offset;
+
+static long
+trampoline_offset(int off, const long value)
+{
+    caddr_t ptr;
+    for (ptr = (caddr_t) &ffi_trampoline + off; ptr < (caddr_t) &ffi_trampoline_end; ++ptr) {
+        if (*(long *) ptr == value) {
+            return ptr - (caddr_t) &ffi_trampoline;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return -1;
+}
+
+static int
+trampoline_offsets(long* ctxOffset, long* fnOffset)
+{
+    *ctxOffset = trampoline_offset(0, TRAMPOLINE_CTX_MAGIC);
+    if (*ctxOffset == -1) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    *fnOffset = trampoline_offset(0, TRAMPOLINE_FUN_MAGIC);
+    if (*fnOffset == -1) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static bool
+prep_trampoline(void* ctx, void* code, Closure* closure, char* errmsg, size_t errmsgsize)
+{
+    caddr_t ptr = (caddr_t) code;
+
+    memcpy(ptr, &ffi_trampoline, trampoline_size());
+    /* Patch the context and function addresses into the stub code */
+    *(intptr_t *)(ptr + trampoline_ctx_offset) = (intptr_t) closure;
+    *(intptr_t *)(ptr + trampoline_func_offset) = (intptr_t) custom_trampoline;
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+static long
+trampoline_size(void)
+{
+    return (caddr_t) &ffi_trampoline_end - (caddr_t) &ffi_trampoline;
+}
+
+#endif /* CUSTOM_TRAMPOLINE */
+
+
+void
+rbffi_MethodHandle_Init(VALUE module)
+{
+#ifndef CUSTOM_TRAMPOLINE
+    ffi_status ffiStatus;
+#endif
+
+    defaultClosurePool = rbffi_ClosurePool_New((int) trampoline_size(), prep_trampoline, NULL);
+
+#if defined(CUSTOM_TRAMPOLINE)
+    if (trampoline_offsets(&trampoline_ctx_offset, &trampoline_func_offset) != 0) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eFatal, "Could not locate offsets in trampoline code");
+    }
+#else
+    ffiStatus = ffi_prep_cif(&mh_cif, FFI_DEFAULT_ABI, 3, &ffi_type_ulong,
+            methodHandleParamTypes);
+    if (ffiStatus != FFI_OK) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eFatal, "ffi_prep_cif failed.  status=%#x", ffiStatus);
+    }
+
+#endif
+}
diff --git a/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/MethodHandle.h b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/MethodHandle.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c3341bf30d9474ea7aa771170f6d8ce642b10dd6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/MethodHandle.h
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2009, Wayne Meissner
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2008-2013, Ruby FFI project contributors
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+ *     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ *     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *       documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ *     * Neither the name of the Ruby FFI project nor the
+ *       names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products
+ *       derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND
+ * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
+ * WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
+ * DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL <COPYRIGHT HOLDER> BE LIABLE FOR ANY
+ * DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
+ * (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
+ * LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND
+ * ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+ * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
+ * SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+#ifndef RBFFI_METHODHANDLE_H
+#define	RBFFI_METHODHANDLE_H
+
+#ifdef	__cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+#include <ruby.h>
+#include "Function.h"
+
+    
+typedef struct MethodHandlePool MethodHandlePool;
+typedef struct MethodHandle MethodHandle;
+
+
+MethodHandle* rbffi_MethodHandle_Alloc(FunctionType* fnInfo, void* function);
+void rbffi_MethodHandle_Free(MethodHandle* handle);
+void* rbffi_MethodHandle_CodeAddress(MethodHandle* handle);
+void rbffi_MethodHandle_Init(VALUE module);
+
+#ifdef	__cplusplus
+}
+#endif
+
+#endif	/* RBFFI_METHODHANDLE_H */
+
diff --git a/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/Platform.c b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/Platform.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..de114a88b47c33a55cb43809517fa419b3757792
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/Platform.c
@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2008-2010 Wayne Meissner
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2008-2013, Ruby FFI project contributors
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+ *     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ *     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *       documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ *     * Neither the name of the Ruby FFI project nor the
+ *       names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products
+ *       derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND
+ * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
+ * WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
+ * DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL <COPYRIGHT HOLDER> BE LIABLE FOR ANY
+ * DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
+ * (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
+ * LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND
+ * ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+ * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
+ * SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+#ifndef _MSC_VER
+# include <sys/param.h>
+#endif
+# include <sys/types.h>
+#ifndef _MSC_VER
+# include <stdint.h>
+# include <stdbool.h>
+#else
+# include "win32/stdint.h"
+# include "win32/stdbool.h"
+#endif
+#include <ruby.h>
+#include <ctype.h>
+#include "rbffi_endian.h"
+#include "Platform.h"
+
+#if defined(__GNU__) || defined(__GLIBC__)
+# include <gnu/lib-names.h>
+#endif
+
+static VALUE PlatformModule = Qnil;
+
+/*
+ * Determine the cpu type at compile time - useful for MacOSX where the the
+ * system installed ruby incorrectly reports 'host_cpu' as 'powerpc' when running
+ * on intel.
+ */
+#if defined(__x86_64__) || defined(__x86_64) || defined(__amd64) || defined(_M_X64) || defined(_M_AMD64)
+# define CPU "x86_64"
+
+#elif defined(__i386__) || defined(__i386) || defined(_M_IX86)
+# define CPU "i386"
+
+#elif defined(__ppc64__) || defined(__powerpc64__) || defined(_M_PPC)
+# define CPU "ppc64"
+
+#elif defined(__ppc__) || defined(__powerpc__) || defined(__powerpc)
+# define CPU "ppc"
+
+/*
+ * Need to check for __sparcv9 first, because __sparc will be defined either way.
+ * Note that __sparcv9 seems to only be set for Solaris. On Linux, __sparc will
+ * be set, along with __arch64__ if a 64-bit platform.
+ */
+#elif defined(__sparcv9__) || defined(__sparcv9)
+# define CPU "sparcv9"
+
+#elif defined(__sparc__) || defined(__sparc)
+# if defined(__arch64__)
+#  define CPU "sparcv9"
+# else
+#  define CPU "sparc"
+# endif
+
+#elif defined(__arm__) || defined(__arm)
+# define CPU "arm"
+
+#elif defined(__mips__) || defined(__mips)
+# define CPU "mips"
+
+#elif defined(__s390__)
+# define CPU "s390"
+
+#else
+# define CPU "unknown"
+#endif
+
+static void
+export_primitive_types(VALUE module)
+{
+#define S(name, T) do { \
+    typedef struct { char c; T v; } s; \
+    rb_define_const(module, #name "_ALIGN", INT2NUM((sizeof(s) - sizeof(T)) * 8)); \
+    rb_define_const(module, #name "_SIZE", INT2NUM(sizeof(T)* 8)); \
+} while(0)
+    S(INT8, char);
+    S(INT16, short);
+    S(INT32, int);
+    S(INT64, long long);
+    S(LONG, long);
+    S(FLOAT, float);
+    S(DOUBLE, double);
+    S(ADDRESS, void*);
+#undef S
+}
+
+void
+rbffi_Platform_Init(VALUE moduleFFI)
+{
+    PlatformModule = rb_define_module_under(moduleFFI, "Platform");
+    rb_define_const(PlatformModule, "BYTE_ORDER", INT2FIX(BYTE_ORDER));
+    rb_define_const(PlatformModule, "LITTLE_ENDIAN", INT2FIX(LITTLE_ENDIAN));
+    rb_define_const(PlatformModule, "BIG_ENDIAN", INT2FIX(BIG_ENDIAN));
+    rb_define_const(PlatformModule, "CPU", rb_str_new2(CPU));
+#if defined(__GNU__) || defined(__GLIBC__)
+    rb_define_const(PlatformModule, "GNU_LIBC", rb_str_new2(LIBC_SO));
+#endif
+    export_primitive_types(PlatformModule);
+}
+
diff --git a/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/Platform.h b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/Platform.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5575e34ab9574ad200ad067d570ab9d1db6f3a8c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/Platform.h
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2008-2010 Wayne Meissner
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2008-2013, Ruby FFI project contributors
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+ *     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ *     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *       documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ *     * Neither the name of the Ruby FFI project nor the
+ *       names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products
+ *       derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND
+ * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
+ * WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
+ * DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL <COPYRIGHT HOLDER> BE LIABLE FOR ANY
+ * DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
+ * (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
+ * LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND
+ * ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+ * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
+ * SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+#ifndef RBFFI_PLATFORM_H
+#define	RBFFI_PLATFORM_H
+
+#ifdef	__cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+    extern void rbffi_Platform_Init(VALUE moduleFFI);
+
+
+#ifdef	__cplusplus
+}
+#endif
+
+#endif	/* RBFFI_PLATFORM_H */
+
diff --git a/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/Pointer.c b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/Pointer.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1eee790db530251e66eedf93ef547141bfcf3bfd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/Pointer.c
@@ -0,0 +1,508 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2008, 2009, Wayne Meissner
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2008-2013, Ruby FFI project contributors
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+ *     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ *     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *       documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ *     * Neither the name of the Ruby FFI project nor the
+ *       names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products
+ *       derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND
+ * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
+ * WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
+ * DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL <COPYRIGHT HOLDER> BE LIABLE FOR ANY
+ * DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
+ * (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
+ * LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND
+ * ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+ * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
+ * SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+#ifndef _MSC_VER
+# include <stdint.h>
+# include <stdbool.h>
+#else
+# include "win32/stdint.h"
+# include "win32/stdbool.h"
+#endif
+#include <limits.h>
+#include <ruby.h>
+#include "rbffi.h"
+#include "rbffi_endian.h"
+#include "AbstractMemory.h"
+#include "Pointer.h"
+
+#define POINTER(obj) rbffi_AbstractMemory_Cast((obj), rbffi_PointerClass)
+
+VALUE rbffi_PointerClass = Qnil;
+VALUE rbffi_NullPointerSingleton = Qnil;
+
+static void ptr_release(Pointer* ptr);
+static void ptr_mark(Pointer* ptr);
+
+VALUE
+rbffi_Pointer_NewInstance(void* addr)
+{
+    Pointer* p;
+    VALUE obj;
+
+    if (addr == NULL) {
+        return rbffi_NullPointerSingleton;
+    }
+
+    obj = Data_Make_Struct(rbffi_PointerClass, Pointer, NULL, -1, p);
+    p->memory.address = addr;
+    p->memory.size = LONG_MAX;
+    p->memory.flags = (addr == NULL) ? 0 : (MEM_RD | MEM_WR);
+    p->memory.typeSize = 1;
+    p->rbParent = Qnil;
+
+    return obj;
+}
+
+static VALUE
+ptr_allocate(VALUE klass)
+{
+    Pointer* p;
+    VALUE obj;
+
+    obj = Data_Make_Struct(klass, Pointer, ptr_mark, ptr_release, p);
+    p->rbParent = Qnil;
+    p->memory.flags = MEM_RD | MEM_WR;
+
+    return obj;
+}
+
+/*
+ * @overload initialize(pointer)
+ *  @param [Pointer] pointer another pointer to initialize from
+ *  Create a new pointer from another {Pointer}.
+ * @overload initialize(type, address)
+ *  @param [Type] type type for pointer
+ *  @param [Integer] address base address for pointer
+ *  Create a new pointer from a {Type} and a base address
+ * @return [self]
+ * A new instance of Pointer.
+ */
+static VALUE
+ptr_initialize(int argc, VALUE* argv, VALUE self)
+{
+    Pointer* p;
+    VALUE rbType = Qnil, rbAddress = Qnil;
+    int typeSize = 1;
+
+    Data_Get_Struct(self, Pointer, p);
+
+    switch (rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "11", &rbType, &rbAddress)) {
+        case 1:
+            rbAddress = rbType;
+            typeSize = 1;
+            break;
+        case 2:
+            typeSize = rbffi_type_size(rbType);
+            break;
+        default:
+            rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "Invalid arguments");
+    }
+
+    switch (TYPE(rbAddress)) {
+        case T_FIXNUM:
+        case T_BIGNUM:
+            p->memory.address = (void*) (uintptr_t) NUM2LL(rbAddress);
+            p->memory.size = LONG_MAX;
+            if (p->memory.address == NULL) {
+                p->memory.flags = 0;
+            }
+            break;
+
+        default:
+            if (rb_obj_is_kind_of(rbAddress, rbffi_PointerClass)) {
+                Pointer* orig;
+
+                p->rbParent = rbAddress;
+                Data_Get_Struct(rbAddress, Pointer, orig);
+                p->memory = orig->memory;
+            } else {
+                rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "wrong argument type, expected Integer or FFI::Pointer");
+            }
+            break;
+    }
+
+    p->memory.typeSize = typeSize;
+
+    return self;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq: ptr.initialize_copy(other)
+ * @param [Pointer] other source for cloning or dupping
+ * @return [self]
+ * @raise {RuntimeError} if +other+ is an unbounded memory area, or is unreadable/unwritable
+ * @raise {NoMemError} if failed to allocate memory for new object
+ * DO NOT CALL THIS METHOD.
+ *
+ * This method is internally used by #dup and #clone. Memory content is copied from +other+.
+ */
+static VALUE
+ptr_initialize_copy(VALUE self, VALUE other)
+{
+    AbstractMemory* src;
+    Pointer* dst;
+    
+    Data_Get_Struct(self, Pointer, dst);
+    src = POINTER(other);
+    if (src->size == LONG_MAX) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "cannot duplicate unbounded memory area");
+        return Qnil;
+    }
+    
+    if ((dst->memory.flags & (MEM_RD | MEM_WR)) != (MEM_RD | MEM_WR)) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "cannot duplicate unreadable/unwritable memory area");
+        return Qnil;
+    }
+
+    if (dst->storage != NULL) {
+        xfree(dst->storage);
+        dst->storage = NULL;
+    }
+
+    dst->storage = xmalloc(src->size + 7);
+    if (dst->storage == NULL) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eNoMemError, "failed to allocate memory size=%lu bytes", src->size);
+        return Qnil;
+    }
+    
+    dst->allocated = true;
+    dst->autorelease = true;
+    dst->memory.address = (void *) (((uintptr_t) dst->storage + 0x7) & (uintptr_t) ~0x7UL);
+    dst->memory.size = src->size;
+    dst->memory.typeSize = src->typeSize;
+    
+    /* finally, copy the actual memory contents */
+    memcpy(dst->memory.address, src->address, src->size);
+
+    return self;
+}
+
+static VALUE
+slice(VALUE self, long offset, long size)
+{
+    AbstractMemory* ptr;
+    Pointer* p;
+    VALUE retval;
+    
+    Data_Get_Struct(self, AbstractMemory, ptr);
+    checkBounds(ptr, offset, size == LONG_MAX ? 1 : size);
+
+    retval = Data_Make_Struct(rbffi_PointerClass, Pointer, ptr_mark, -1, p);
+
+    p->memory.address = ptr->address + offset;
+    p->memory.size = size;
+    p->memory.flags = ptr->flags;
+    p->memory.typeSize = ptr->typeSize;
+    p->rbParent = self;
+
+    return retval;
+}
+
+/* 
+ * Document-method: +
+ * call-seq: ptr + offset
+ * @param [Numeric] offset
+ * @return [Pointer]
+ * Return a new {Pointer} from an existing pointer and an +offset+.
+ */
+static VALUE
+ptr_plus(VALUE self, VALUE offset)
+{
+    AbstractMemory* ptr;
+    long off = NUM2LONG(offset);
+
+    Data_Get_Struct(self, AbstractMemory, ptr);
+
+    return slice(self, off, ptr->size == LONG_MAX ? LONG_MAX : ptr->size - off);
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq: ptr.slice(offset, length)
+ * @param [Numeric] offset
+ * @param [Numeric] length
+ * @return [Pointer]
+ * Return a new {Pointer} from an existing one. This pointer points on same contents 
+ * from +offset+ for a length +length+.
+ */
+static VALUE
+ptr_slice(VALUE self, VALUE rbOffset, VALUE rbLength)
+{
+    return slice(self, NUM2LONG(rbOffset), NUM2LONG(rbLength));
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq: ptr.inspect
+ * @return [String]
+ * Inspect pointer object.
+ */
+static VALUE
+ptr_inspect(VALUE self)
+{
+    char buf[100];
+    Pointer* ptr;
+    
+    Data_Get_Struct(self, Pointer, ptr);
+
+    if (ptr->memory.size != LONG_MAX) {
+        snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "#<%s address=%p size=%lu>",
+                rb_obj_classname(self), ptr->memory.address, ptr->memory.size);
+    } else {
+        snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "#<%s address=%p>", rb_obj_classname(self), ptr->memory.address);
+    }
+
+    return rb_str_new2(buf);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Document-method: null?
+ * call-seq: ptr.null?
+ * @return [Boolean]
+ * Return +true+ if +self+ is a {NULL} pointer.
+ */
+static VALUE
+ptr_null_p(VALUE self)
+{
+    Pointer* ptr;
+
+    Data_Get_Struct(self, Pointer, ptr);
+
+    return ptr->memory.address == NULL ? Qtrue : Qfalse;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Document-method: ==
+ * call-seq: ptr == other
+ * @param [Pointer] other
+ * Check equality between +self+ and +other+. Equality is tested on {#address}.
+ */
+static VALUE
+ptr_equals(VALUE self, VALUE other)
+{
+    Pointer* ptr;
+    
+    Data_Get_Struct(self, Pointer, ptr);
+
+    if (NIL_P(other)) {
+        return ptr->memory.address == NULL ? Qtrue : Qfalse;
+    }
+
+    return ptr->memory.address == POINTER(other)->address ? Qtrue : Qfalse;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq: ptr.address
+ * @return [Numeric] pointer's base address
+ * Return +self+'s base address (alias: #to_i).
+ */
+static VALUE
+ptr_address(VALUE self)
+{
+    Pointer* ptr;
+    
+    Data_Get_Struct(self, Pointer, ptr);
+
+    return ULL2NUM((uintptr_t) ptr->memory.address);
+}
+
+#if BYTE_ORDER == LITTLE_ENDIAN
+# define SWAPPED_ORDER BIG_ENDIAN
+#else
+# define SWAPPED_ORDER LITTLE_ENDIAN
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * Get or set +self+'s endianness
+ * @overload order
+ *  @return [:big, :little] endianness of +self+
+ * @overload order(order)
+ *  @param  [Symbol] order endianness to set (+:little+, +:big+ or +:network+). +:big+ and +:network+ 
+ *   are synonymous.
+ *  @return [self]
+ */
+static VALUE
+ptr_order(int argc, VALUE* argv, VALUE self)
+{
+    Pointer* ptr;
+
+    Data_Get_Struct(self, Pointer, ptr);
+    if (argc == 0) {
+        int order = (ptr->memory.flags & MEM_SWAP) == 0 ? BYTE_ORDER : SWAPPED_ORDER;
+        return order == BIG_ENDIAN ? ID2SYM(rb_intern("big")) : ID2SYM(rb_intern("little"));
+    } else {
+        VALUE rbOrder = Qnil;
+        int order = BYTE_ORDER;
+
+        if (rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "1", &rbOrder) < 1) {
+            rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "need byte order");
+        }
+        if (SYMBOL_P(rbOrder)) {
+            ID id = SYM2ID(rbOrder);
+            if (id == rb_intern("little")) {
+                order = LITTLE_ENDIAN;
+
+            } else if (id == rb_intern("big") || id == rb_intern("network")) {
+                order = BIG_ENDIAN;
+            }
+        }
+        if (order != BYTE_ORDER) {
+            Pointer* p2;
+            VALUE retval = slice(self, 0, ptr->memory.size);
+
+            Data_Get_Struct(retval, Pointer, p2);
+            p2->memory.flags |= MEM_SWAP;
+            return retval;
+        }
+
+        return self;
+    }
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * call-seq: ptr.free
+ * @return [self]
+ * Free memory pointed by +self+.
+ */
+static VALUE
+ptr_free(VALUE self)
+{
+    Pointer* ptr;
+
+    Data_Get_Struct(self, Pointer, ptr);
+
+    if (ptr->allocated) {
+        if (ptr->storage != NULL) {
+            xfree(ptr->storage);
+            ptr->storage = NULL;
+        }
+        ptr->allocated = false;
+
+    } else {
+        VALUE caller = rb_funcall(rb_funcall(Qnil, rb_intern("caller"), 0), rb_intern("first"), 0);
+        
+        rb_warn("calling free on non allocated pointer %s from %s", RSTRING_PTR(ptr_inspect(self)), RSTRING_PTR(rb_str_to_str(caller)));
+    }
+
+    return self;
+}
+
+static VALUE
+ptr_type_size(VALUE self)
+{
+    Pointer* ptr;
+
+    Data_Get_Struct(self, Pointer, ptr);
+    
+    return INT2NUM(ptr->memory.typeSize);
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq: ptr.autorelease = autorelease
+ * @param [Boolean] autorelease
+ * @return [Boolean] +autorelease+
+ * Set +autorelease+ attribute. See also Autorelease section.
+ */
+static VALUE
+ptr_autorelease(VALUE self, VALUE autorelease)
+{
+    Pointer* ptr;
+
+    Data_Get_Struct(self, Pointer, ptr);
+    ptr->autorelease = autorelease == Qtrue;
+
+    return autorelease;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq: ptr.autorelease?
+ * @return [Boolean]
+ * Get +autorelease+ attribute. See also Autorelease section.
+ */
+static VALUE
+ptr_autorelease_p(VALUE self)
+{
+    Pointer* ptr;
+
+    Data_Get_Struct(self, Pointer, ptr);
+    
+    return ptr->autorelease ? Qtrue : Qfalse;
+}
+
+
+static void
+ptr_release(Pointer* ptr)
+{
+    if (ptr->autorelease && ptr->allocated && ptr->storage != NULL) {
+        xfree(ptr->storage);
+        ptr->storage = NULL;
+    }
+    xfree(ptr);
+}
+
+static void
+ptr_mark(Pointer* ptr)
+{
+    rb_gc_mark(ptr->rbParent);
+}
+
+void
+rbffi_Pointer_Init(VALUE moduleFFI)
+{
+    VALUE rbNullAddress = ULL2NUM(0);
+    VALUE ffi_AbstractMemory =  rbffi_AbstractMemoryClass;
+
+    /*
+     * Document-class: FFI::Pointer < FFI::AbstractMemory
+     * Pointer class is used to manage C pointers with ease. A {Pointer} object is defined by his
+     * {#address} (as a C pointer). It permits additions with an integer for pointer arithmetic.
+     *
+     * ==Autorelease
+     * A pointer object may autorelease his contents when freed (by default). This behaviour may be
+     * changed with {#autorelease=} method.
+     */
+    rbffi_PointerClass = rb_define_class_under(moduleFFI, "Pointer", ffi_AbstractMemory);
+    /*
+     * Document-variable: Pointer
+     */
+    rb_global_variable(&rbffi_PointerClass);
+
+    rb_define_alloc_func(rbffi_PointerClass, ptr_allocate);
+    rb_define_method(rbffi_PointerClass, "initialize", ptr_initialize, -1);
+    rb_define_method(rbffi_PointerClass, "initialize_copy", ptr_initialize_copy, 1);
+    rb_define_method(rbffi_PointerClass, "inspect", ptr_inspect, 0);
+    rb_define_method(rbffi_PointerClass, "to_s", ptr_inspect, 0);
+    rb_define_method(rbffi_PointerClass, "+", ptr_plus, 1);
+    rb_define_method(rbffi_PointerClass, "slice", ptr_slice, 2);
+    rb_define_method(rbffi_PointerClass, "null?", ptr_null_p, 0);
+    rb_define_method(rbffi_PointerClass, "address", ptr_address, 0);
+    rb_define_alias(rbffi_PointerClass, "to_i", "address");
+    rb_define_method(rbffi_PointerClass, "==", ptr_equals, 1);
+    rb_define_method(rbffi_PointerClass, "order", ptr_order, -1);
+    rb_define_method(rbffi_PointerClass, "autorelease=", ptr_autorelease, 1);
+    rb_define_method(rbffi_PointerClass, "autorelease?", ptr_autorelease_p, 0);
+    rb_define_method(rbffi_PointerClass, "free", ptr_free, 0);
+    rb_define_method(rbffi_PointerClass, "type_size", ptr_type_size, 0);
+
+    rbffi_NullPointerSingleton = rb_class_new_instance(1, &rbNullAddress, rbffi_PointerClass);
+    /*
+     * NULL pointer
+     */
+    rb_define_const(rbffi_PointerClass, "NULL", rbffi_NullPointerSingleton);
+}
+
diff --git a/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/Pointer.h b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/Pointer.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2d868518e9d35fd776ef88bd6e70a12ae3800650
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/Pointer.h
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2008, 2009, Wayne Meissner
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2008-2013, Ruby FFI project contributors
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+ *     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ *     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *       documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ *     * Neither the name of the Ruby FFI project nor the
+ *       names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products
+ *       derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND
+ * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
+ * WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
+ * DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL <COPYRIGHT HOLDER> BE LIABLE FOR ANY
+ * DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
+ * (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
+ * LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND
+ * ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+ * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
+ * SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+#ifndef RBFFI_POINTER_H
+#define	RBFFI_POINTER_H
+
+#ifndef _MSC_VER
+# include <stdbool.h>
+#else
+# include "win32/stdbool.h"
+#endif
+
+#ifdef	__cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+#include "AbstractMemory.h"
+
+extern void rbffi_Pointer_Init(VALUE moduleFFI);
+extern VALUE rbffi_Pointer_NewInstance(void* addr);
+extern VALUE rbffi_PointerClass;
+extern VALUE rbffi_NullPointerSingleton;
+
+typedef struct Pointer {
+    AbstractMemory memory;
+    VALUE rbParent;
+    char* storage; /* start of malloc area */
+    bool autorelease;
+    bool allocated;
+} Pointer;
+
+#ifdef	__cplusplus
+}
+#endif
+
+#endif	/* RBFFI_POINTER_H */
+
diff --git a/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/Struct.c b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/Struct.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c6428a212818482c74b0b109c260deaaf8532817
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/Struct.c
@@ -0,0 +1,829 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2008, 2009, Wayne Meissner
+ * Copyright (C) 2009 Luc Heinrich <luc@honk-honk.com>
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2008-2013, Ruby FFI project contributors
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+ *     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ *     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *       documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ *     * Neither the name of the Ruby FFI project nor the
+ *       names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products
+ *       derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND
+ * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
+ * WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
+ * DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL <COPYRIGHT HOLDER> BE LIABLE FOR ANY
+ * DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
+ * (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
+ * LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND
+ * ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+ * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
+ * SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#ifndef _MSC_VER
+# include <sys/param.h>
+# include <stdint.h>
+# include <stdbool.h>
+#else
+# include "win32/stdbool.h"
+# include "win32/stdint.h"
+#endif
+#include <ruby.h>
+#include "rbffi.h"
+#include "compat.h"
+#include "AbstractMemory.h"
+#include "Pointer.h"
+#include "MemoryPointer.h"
+#include "Function.h"
+#include "Types.h"
+#include "Function.h"
+#include "StructByValue.h"
+#include "ArrayType.h"
+#include "MappedType.h"
+#include "Struct.h"
+
+typedef struct InlineArray_ {
+    VALUE rbMemory;
+    VALUE rbField;
+
+    AbstractMemory* memory;
+    StructField* field;
+    MemoryOp *op;
+    Type* componentType;
+    ArrayType* arrayType;
+    int length;
+} InlineArray;
+
+
+static void struct_mark(Struct *);
+static void struct_free(Struct *);
+static VALUE struct_class_layout(VALUE klass);
+static void struct_malloc(Struct* s);
+static void inline_array_mark(InlineArray *);
+static void store_reference_value(StructField* f, Struct* s, VALUE value);
+
+VALUE rbffi_StructClass = Qnil;
+
+VALUE rbffi_StructInlineArrayClass = Qnil;
+VALUE rbffi_StructLayoutCharArrayClass = Qnil;
+
+static ID id_pointer_ivar = 0, id_layout_ivar = 0;
+static ID id_get = 0, id_put = 0, id_to_ptr = 0, id_to_s = 0, id_layout = 0;
+
+static inline char*
+memory_address(VALUE self)
+{
+    return ((AbstractMemory *)DATA_PTR((self)))->address;
+}
+
+static VALUE
+struct_allocate(VALUE klass)
+{
+    Struct* s;
+    VALUE obj = Data_Make_Struct(klass, Struct, struct_mark, struct_free, s);
+    
+    s->rbPointer = Qnil;
+    s->rbLayout = Qnil;
+
+    return obj;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq: initialize
+ * @overload initialize(pointer, *args)
+ *  @param [AbstractMemory] pointer
+ *  @param [Array] args
+ * @return [self]
+ */
+static VALUE
+struct_initialize(int argc, VALUE* argv, VALUE self)
+{
+    Struct* s;
+    VALUE rbPointer = Qnil, rest = Qnil, klass = CLASS_OF(self);
+    int nargs;
+
+    Data_Get_Struct(self, Struct, s);
+    
+    nargs = rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "01*", &rbPointer, &rest);
+
+    /* Call up into ruby code to adjust the layout */
+    if (nargs > 1) {
+        s->rbLayout = rb_funcall2(CLASS_OF(self), id_layout, (int) RARRAY_LEN(rest), RARRAY_PTR(rest));
+    } else {
+        s->rbLayout = struct_class_layout(klass);
+    }
+
+    if (!rb_obj_is_kind_of(s->rbLayout, rbffi_StructLayoutClass)) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "Invalid Struct layout");
+    }
+
+    Data_Get_Struct(s->rbLayout, StructLayout, s->layout);
+    
+    if (rbPointer != Qnil) {
+        s->pointer = MEMORY(rbPointer);
+        s->rbPointer = rbPointer;
+    } else {
+        struct_malloc(s);
+    }
+
+    return self;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq: initialize_copy(other)
+ * @return [nil]
+ * DO NOT CALL THIS METHOD
+ */
+static VALUE
+struct_initialize_copy(VALUE self, VALUE other)
+{
+    Struct* src;
+    Struct* dst;
+    
+    Data_Get_Struct(self, Struct, dst);
+    Data_Get_Struct(other, Struct, src);
+    if (dst == src) {
+        return self;
+    }
+    
+    dst->rbLayout = src->rbLayout;
+    dst->layout = src->layout;
+    
+    /*
+     * A new MemoryPointer instance is allocated here instead of just calling
+     * #dup on rbPointer, since the Pointer may not know its length, or may
+     * be longer than just this struct.
+     */
+    if (src->pointer->address != NULL) {
+        dst->rbPointer = rbffi_MemoryPointer_NewInstance(1, src->layout->size, false);
+        dst->pointer = MEMORY(dst->rbPointer);
+        memcpy(dst->pointer->address, src->pointer->address, src->layout->size);
+    } else {
+        dst->rbPointer = src->rbPointer;
+        dst->pointer = src->pointer;
+    }
+
+    if (src->layout->referenceFieldCount > 0) {
+        dst->rbReferences = ALLOC_N(VALUE, dst->layout->referenceFieldCount);
+        memcpy(dst->rbReferences, src->rbReferences, dst->layout->referenceFieldCount * sizeof(VALUE));
+    }
+        
+    return self;
+}
+
+static VALUE
+struct_class_layout(VALUE klass)
+{
+    VALUE layout;
+    if (!rb_ivar_defined(klass, id_layout_ivar)) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "no Struct layout configured for %s", rb_class2name(klass));
+    }
+
+    layout = rb_ivar_get(klass, id_layout_ivar);
+    if (!rb_obj_is_kind_of(layout, rbffi_StructLayoutClass)) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "invalid Struct layout for %s", rb_class2name(klass));
+    }
+
+    return layout;
+}
+
+static StructLayout*
+struct_layout(VALUE self)
+{
+    Struct* s = (Struct *) DATA_PTR(self);
+    if (s->layout != NULL) {
+        return s->layout;
+    }
+
+    if (s->layout == NULL) {
+        s->rbLayout = struct_class_layout(CLASS_OF(self));
+        Data_Get_Struct(s->rbLayout, StructLayout, s->layout);
+    }
+
+    return s->layout;
+}
+
+static Struct*
+struct_validate(VALUE self)
+{
+    Struct* s;
+    Data_Get_Struct(self, Struct, s);
+
+    if (struct_layout(self) == NULL) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "struct layout == null");
+    }
+
+    if (s->pointer == NULL) {
+        struct_malloc(s);
+    }
+
+    return s;
+}
+
+static void
+struct_malloc(Struct* s)
+{
+    if (s->rbPointer == Qnil) {
+        s->rbPointer = rbffi_MemoryPointer_NewInstance(s->layout->size, 1, true);
+
+    } else if (!rb_obj_is_kind_of(s->rbPointer, rbffi_AbstractMemoryClass)) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "invalid pointer in struct");
+    }
+
+    s->pointer = (AbstractMemory *) DATA_PTR(s->rbPointer);
+}
+
+static void
+struct_mark(Struct *s)
+{
+    rb_gc_mark(s->rbPointer);
+    rb_gc_mark(s->rbLayout);
+    if (s->rbReferences != NULL) {
+        rb_gc_mark_locations(&s->rbReferences[0], &s->rbReferences[s->layout->referenceFieldCount]);
+    }
+}
+
+static void
+struct_free(Struct* s)
+{
+    xfree(s->rbReferences);
+    xfree(s);
+}
+
+
+static void
+store_reference_value(StructField* f, Struct* s, VALUE value)
+{
+    if (unlikely(f->referenceIndex == -1)) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "put_reference_value called for non-reference type");
+        return;
+    }
+    if (s->rbReferences == NULL) {
+        int i;
+        s->rbReferences = ALLOC_N(VALUE, s->layout->referenceFieldCount);
+        for (i = 0; i < s->layout->referenceFieldCount; ++i) {
+            s->rbReferences[i] = Qnil;
+        }
+    }
+
+    s->rbReferences[f->referenceIndex] = value;
+}
+
+
+static VALUE
+struct_field(Struct* s, VALUE fieldName)
+{
+    StructLayout* layout = s->layout;
+    VALUE rbField;
+
+    if (likely(SYMBOL_P(fieldName) && st_lookup(layout->fieldSymbolTable, fieldName, (st_data_t *) &rbField))) {
+        return rbField;
+    }
+
+    // TODO does this ever return anything?
+    rbField = rb_hash_aref(layout->rbFieldMap, fieldName);
+    if (rbField == Qnil) {
+        VALUE str = rb_funcall2(fieldName, id_to_s, 0, NULL);
+        rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "No such field '%s'", StringValuePtr(str));
+    }
+
+    return rbField;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq: struct[field_name]
+ * @param field_name field to access
+ * Acces to a Struct field.
+ */
+static VALUE
+struct_aref(VALUE self, VALUE fieldName)
+{
+    Struct* s;
+    VALUE rbField;
+    StructField* f;
+
+    s = struct_validate(self);
+
+    rbField = struct_field(s, fieldName);
+    f = (StructField *) DATA_PTR(rbField);
+
+    if (f->get != NULL) {
+        return (*f->get)(f, s);
+    
+    } else if (f->memoryOp != NULL) {
+        return (*f->memoryOp->get)(s->pointer, f->offset);
+
+    } else {
+    
+        /* call up to the ruby code to fetch the value */
+        return rb_funcall2(rbField, id_get, 1, &s->rbPointer);
+    }
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq: []=(field_name, value)
+ * @param field_name field to access
+ * @param value value to set to +field_name+
+ * @return [value]
+ * Set a field in Struct.
+ */
+static VALUE
+struct_aset(VALUE self, VALUE fieldName, VALUE value)
+{
+    Struct* s;
+    VALUE rbField;
+    StructField* f;
+
+
+    s = struct_validate(self);
+
+    rbField = struct_field(s, fieldName);
+    f = (StructField *) DATA_PTR(rbField);
+    if (f->put != NULL) {
+        (*f->put)(f, s, value);
+
+    } else if (f->memoryOp != NULL) {
+
+        (*f->memoryOp->put)(s->pointer, f->offset, value);
+    
+    } else {
+        /* call up to the ruby code to set the value */
+        VALUE argv[2];
+        argv[0] = s->rbPointer;
+        argv[1] = value;
+        rb_funcall2(rbField, id_put, 2, argv);
+    }
+
+    if (f->referenceRequired) {
+        store_reference_value(f, s, value);
+    }
+    
+    return value;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq: pointer= pointer
+ * @param [AbstractMemory] pointer
+ * @return [self]
+ * Make Struct point to +pointer+.
+ */
+static VALUE
+struct_set_pointer(VALUE self, VALUE pointer)
+{
+    Struct* s;
+    StructLayout* layout;
+    AbstractMemory* memory;
+
+    if (!rb_obj_is_kind_of(pointer, rbffi_AbstractMemoryClass)) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "wrong argument type %s (expected Pointer or Buffer)",
+                rb_obj_classname(pointer));
+        return Qnil;
+    }
+
+    
+    Data_Get_Struct(self, Struct, s);
+    Data_Get_Struct(pointer, AbstractMemory, memory);
+    layout = struct_layout(self);
+
+    if ((int) layout->base.ffiType->size > memory->size) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "memory of %ld bytes too small for struct %s (expected at least %ld)",
+                memory->size, rb_obj_classname(self), (long) layout->base.ffiType->size);
+    }
+    
+    s->pointer = MEMORY(pointer);
+    s->rbPointer = pointer;
+    rb_ivar_set(self, id_pointer_ivar, pointer);
+
+    return self;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq: pointer
+ * @return [AbstractMemory]
+ * Get pointer to Struct contents.
+ */
+static VALUE
+struct_get_pointer(VALUE self)
+{
+    Struct* s;
+
+    Data_Get_Struct(self, Struct, s);
+
+    return s->rbPointer;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq: layout= layout
+ * @param [StructLayout] layout
+ * @return [self]
+ * Set the Struct's layout.
+ */
+static VALUE
+struct_set_layout(VALUE self, VALUE layout)
+{
+    Struct* s;
+    Data_Get_Struct(self, Struct, s);
+
+    if (!rb_obj_is_kind_of(layout, rbffi_StructLayoutClass)) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "wrong argument type %s (expected %s)",
+                rb_obj_classname(layout), rb_class2name(rbffi_StructLayoutClass));
+        return Qnil;
+    }
+
+    Data_Get_Struct(layout, StructLayout, s->layout);
+    rb_ivar_set(self, id_layout_ivar, layout);
+
+    return self;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq: layout
+ * @return [StructLayout]
+ * Get the Struct's layout.
+ */
+static VALUE
+struct_get_layout(VALUE self)
+{
+    Struct* s;
+
+    Data_Get_Struct(self, Struct, s);
+
+    return s->rbLayout;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq: null?
+ * @return [Boolean]
+ * Test if Struct's pointer is NULL
+ */
+static VALUE
+struct_null_p(VALUE self)
+{
+    Struct* s;
+
+    Data_Get_Struct(self, Struct, s);
+
+    return s->pointer->address == NULL ? Qtrue : Qfalse;
+}
+
+/*
+ * (see Pointer#order)
+ */
+static VALUE
+struct_order(int argc, VALUE* argv, VALUE self)
+{
+    Struct* s;
+
+    Data_Get_Struct(self, Struct, s);
+    if (argc == 0) {
+        return rb_funcall(s->rbPointer, rb_intern("order"), 0);
+
+    } else {
+        VALUE retval = rb_obj_dup(self);
+        VALUE rbPointer = rb_funcall2(s->rbPointer, rb_intern("order"), argc, argv);
+        struct_set_pointer(retval, rbPointer);
+        
+        return retval;
+    }
+}
+
+static VALUE
+inline_array_allocate(VALUE klass)
+{
+    InlineArray* array;
+    VALUE obj;
+
+    obj = Data_Make_Struct(klass, InlineArray, inline_array_mark, -1, array);
+    array->rbField = Qnil;
+    array->rbMemory = Qnil;
+
+    return obj;
+}
+
+static void
+inline_array_mark(InlineArray* array)
+{
+    rb_gc_mark(array->rbField);
+    rb_gc_mark(array->rbMemory);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Document-method: FFI::Struct::InlineArray#initialize
+ * call-seq: initialize(memory, field)
+ * @param [AbstractMemory] memory
+ * @param [StructField] field
+ * @return [self]
+ */
+static VALUE
+inline_array_initialize(VALUE self, VALUE rbMemory, VALUE rbField)
+{
+    InlineArray* array;
+    
+    Data_Get_Struct(self, InlineArray, array);
+    array->rbMemory = rbMemory;
+    array->rbField = rbField;
+
+    Data_Get_Struct(rbMemory, AbstractMemory, array->memory);
+    Data_Get_Struct(rbField, StructField, array->field);
+    Data_Get_Struct(array->field->rbType, ArrayType, array->arrayType);
+    Data_Get_Struct(array->arrayType->rbComponentType, Type, array->componentType);
+    
+    array->op = get_memory_op(array->componentType);
+    if (array->op == NULL && array->componentType->nativeType == NATIVE_MAPPED) {
+        array->op = get_memory_op(((MappedType *) array->componentType)->type);
+    }
+    
+    array->length = array->arrayType->length;
+
+    return self;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq: size
+ * @return [Numeric]
+ * Get size
+ */
+static VALUE
+inline_array_size(VALUE self)
+{
+    InlineArray* array;
+
+    Data_Get_Struct(self, InlineArray, array);
+
+    return UINT2NUM(((ArrayType *) array->field->type)->length);
+}
+
+static int
+inline_array_offset(InlineArray* array, int index)
+{
+    if (index < 0 || (index >= array->length && array->length > 0)) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eIndexError, "index %d out of bounds", index);
+    }
+
+    return (int) array->field->offset + (index * (int) array->componentType->ffiType->size);
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq: [](index)
+ * @param [Numeric] index
+ * @return [Type, Struct]
+ */
+static VALUE
+inline_array_aref(VALUE self, VALUE rbIndex)
+{
+    InlineArray* array;
+
+    Data_Get_Struct(self, InlineArray, array);
+
+    if (array->op != NULL) {
+        VALUE rbNativeValue = array->op->get(array->memory, 
+                inline_array_offset(array, NUM2INT(rbIndex)));
+        if (unlikely(array->componentType->nativeType == NATIVE_MAPPED)) {
+            return rb_funcall(((MappedType *) array->componentType)->rbConverter, 
+                    rb_intern("from_native"), 2, rbNativeValue, Qnil);
+        } else {
+            return rbNativeValue; 
+        }
+        
+    } else if (array->componentType->nativeType == NATIVE_STRUCT) {
+        VALUE rbOffset = INT2NUM(inline_array_offset(array, NUM2INT(rbIndex)));
+        VALUE rbLength = INT2NUM(array->componentType->ffiType->size);
+        VALUE rbPointer = rb_funcall(array->rbMemory, rb_intern("slice"), 2, rbOffset, rbLength);
+
+        return rb_class_new_instance(1, &rbPointer, ((StructByValue *) array->componentType)->rbStructClass);
+    } else {
+
+        rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "get not supported for %s", rb_obj_classname(array->arrayType->rbComponentType));
+        return Qnil;
+    }
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq: []=(index, value)
+ * @param [Numeric] index
+ * @param [Type, Struct]
+ * @return [value]
+ */
+static VALUE
+inline_array_aset(VALUE self, VALUE rbIndex, VALUE rbValue)
+{
+    InlineArray* array;
+
+    Data_Get_Struct(self, InlineArray, array);
+
+    if (array->op != NULL) {
+        if (unlikely(array->componentType->nativeType == NATIVE_MAPPED)) {
+            rbValue = rb_funcall(((MappedType *) array->componentType)->rbConverter, 
+                    rb_intern("to_native"), 2, rbValue, Qnil);
+        }
+        array->op->put(array->memory, inline_array_offset(array, NUM2INT(rbIndex)),
+            rbValue);
+        
+    } else if (array->componentType->nativeType == NATIVE_STRUCT) {
+        int offset = inline_array_offset(array, NUM2INT(rbIndex));
+        Struct* s;
+
+        if (!rb_obj_is_kind_of(rbValue, rbffi_StructClass)) {
+            rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "argument not an instance of struct");
+            return Qnil;
+        }
+
+        checkWrite(array->memory);
+        checkBounds(array->memory, offset, array->componentType->ffiType->size);
+
+        Data_Get_Struct(rbValue, Struct, s);
+        checkRead(s->pointer);
+        checkBounds(s->pointer, 0, array->componentType->ffiType->size);
+
+        memcpy(array->memory->address + offset, s->pointer->address, array->componentType->ffiType->size);
+
+    } else {
+        ArrayType* arrayType;
+        Data_Get_Struct(array->field->rbType, ArrayType, arrayType);
+
+        rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "set not supported for %s", rb_obj_classname(arrayType->rbComponentType));
+        return Qnil;
+    }
+
+    return rbValue;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq: each
+ * Yield block for each element of +self+.
+ */
+static VALUE
+inline_array_each(VALUE self)
+{
+    InlineArray* array;
+    
+    int i;
+
+    Data_Get_Struct(self, InlineArray, array);
+    
+    for (i = 0; i < array->length; ++i) {
+        rb_yield(inline_array_aref(self, INT2FIX(i)));
+    }
+
+    return self;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq: to_a
+ * @return [Array]
+ * Convert +self+ to an array.
+ */
+static VALUE
+inline_array_to_a(VALUE self)
+{
+    InlineArray* array;
+    VALUE obj;
+    int i;
+
+    Data_Get_Struct(self, InlineArray, array);
+    obj = rb_ary_new2(array->length);
+
+    
+    for (i = 0; i < array->length; ++i) {
+        rb_ary_push(obj, inline_array_aref(self, INT2FIX(i)));
+    }
+
+    return obj;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Document-method: FFI::StructLayout::CharArray#to_s
+ * call-seq: to_s
+ * @return [String]
+ * Convert +self+ to a string.
+ */
+static VALUE
+inline_array_to_s(VALUE self)
+{
+    InlineArray* array;
+    VALUE argv[2];
+
+    Data_Get_Struct(self, InlineArray, array);
+ 
+    if (array->componentType->nativeType != NATIVE_INT8 && array->componentType->nativeType != NATIVE_UINT8) {
+        VALUE dummy = Qnil;
+        return rb_call_super(0, &dummy);
+    }
+
+    argv[0] = UINT2NUM(array->field->offset);
+    argv[1] = UINT2NUM(array->length);
+
+    return rb_funcall2(array->rbMemory, rb_intern("get_string"), 2, argv);
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq: to_ptr
+ * @return [AbstractMemory]
+ * Get pointer to +self+ content.
+ */
+static VALUE
+inline_array_to_ptr(VALUE self)
+{
+    InlineArray* array;
+    
+    Data_Get_Struct(self, InlineArray, array);
+
+    return rb_funcall(array->rbMemory, rb_intern("slice"), 2,
+        UINT2NUM(array->field->offset), UINT2NUM(array->arrayType->base.ffiType->size));
+}
+
+
+void
+rbffi_Struct_Init(VALUE moduleFFI)
+{
+    VALUE StructClass;
+
+    rbffi_StructLayout_Init(moduleFFI);
+
+    /*
+     * Document-class: FFI::Struct
+     *
+     * A FFI::Struct means to mirror a C struct.
+     *
+     * A Struct is defined as:
+     *  class MyStruct < FFI::Struct
+     *    layout :value1, :int,
+     *           :value2, :double
+     *  end
+     * and is used as:
+     *  my_struct = MyStruct.new
+     *  my_struct[:value1] = 12
+     *
+     * For more information, see http://github.com/ffi/ffi/wiki/Structs
+     */
+    rbffi_StructClass = rb_define_class_under(moduleFFI, "Struct", rb_cObject);
+    StructClass = rbffi_StructClass; // put on a line alone to help RDoc
+    rb_global_variable(&rbffi_StructClass);
+
+    /*
+     * Document-class: FFI::Struct::InlineArray
+     */
+    rbffi_StructInlineArrayClass = rb_define_class_under(rbffi_StructClass, "InlineArray", rb_cObject);
+    rb_global_variable(&rbffi_StructInlineArrayClass);
+
+    /*
+     * Document-class: FFI::StructLayout::CharArray < FFI::Struct::InlineArray
+     */
+    rbffi_StructLayoutCharArrayClass = rb_define_class_under(rbffi_StructLayoutClass, "CharArray", 
+                                                             rbffi_StructInlineArrayClass);
+    rb_global_variable(&rbffi_StructLayoutCharArrayClass);
+
+
+    rb_define_alloc_func(StructClass, struct_allocate);
+    rb_define_method(StructClass, "initialize", struct_initialize, -1);
+    rb_define_method(StructClass, "initialize_copy", struct_initialize_copy, 1);
+    rb_define_method(StructClass, "order", struct_order, -1);
+    
+    rb_define_alias(rb_singleton_class(StructClass), "alloc_in", "new");
+    rb_define_alias(rb_singleton_class(StructClass), "alloc_out", "new");
+    rb_define_alias(rb_singleton_class(StructClass), "alloc_inout", "new");
+    rb_define_alias(rb_singleton_class(StructClass), "new_in", "new");
+    rb_define_alias(rb_singleton_class(StructClass), "new_out", "new");
+    rb_define_alias(rb_singleton_class(StructClass), "new_inout", "new");
+
+    rb_define_method(StructClass, "pointer", struct_get_pointer, 0);
+    rb_define_private_method(StructClass, "pointer=", struct_set_pointer, 1);
+
+    rb_define_method(StructClass, "layout", struct_get_layout, 0);
+    rb_define_private_method(StructClass, "layout=", struct_set_layout, 1);
+
+    rb_define_method(StructClass, "[]", struct_aref, 1);
+    rb_define_method(StructClass, "[]=", struct_aset, 2);
+    rb_define_method(StructClass, "null?", struct_null_p, 0);
+
+    rb_include_module(rbffi_StructInlineArrayClass, rb_mEnumerable);
+    rb_define_alloc_func(rbffi_StructInlineArrayClass, inline_array_allocate);
+    rb_define_method(rbffi_StructInlineArrayClass, "initialize", inline_array_initialize, 2);
+    rb_define_method(rbffi_StructInlineArrayClass, "[]", inline_array_aref, 1);
+    rb_define_method(rbffi_StructInlineArrayClass, "[]=", inline_array_aset, 2);
+    rb_define_method(rbffi_StructInlineArrayClass, "each", inline_array_each, 0);
+    rb_define_method(rbffi_StructInlineArrayClass, "size", inline_array_size, 0);
+    rb_define_method(rbffi_StructInlineArrayClass, "to_a", inline_array_to_a, 0);
+    rb_define_method(rbffi_StructInlineArrayClass, "to_ptr", inline_array_to_ptr, 0);
+
+    rb_define_method(rbffi_StructLayoutCharArrayClass, "to_s", inline_array_to_s, 0);
+    rb_define_alias(rbffi_StructLayoutCharArrayClass, "to_str", "to_s");
+
+    id_pointer_ivar = rb_intern("@pointer");
+    id_layout_ivar = rb_intern("@layout");
+    id_layout = rb_intern("layout");
+    id_get = rb_intern("get");
+    id_put = rb_intern("put");
+    id_to_ptr = rb_intern("to_ptr");
+    id_to_s = rb_intern("to_s");
+}
+
diff --git a/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/Struct.h b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/Struct.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..85e826390f99b68fff362775fa972352dd921ad3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/Struct.h
@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2008, 2009, Wayne Meissner
+ * Copyright (c) 2009, Luc Heinrich <luc@honk-honk.com>
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2008-2013, Ruby FFI project contributors
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+ *     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ *     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *       documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ *     * Neither the name of the Ruby FFI project nor the
+ *       names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products
+ *       derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND
+ * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
+ * WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
+ * DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL <COPYRIGHT HOLDER> BE LIABLE FOR ANY
+ * DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
+ * (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
+ * LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND
+ * ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+ * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
+ * SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+#ifndef RBFFI_STRUCT_H
+#define	RBFFI_STRUCT_H
+
+#include "extconf.h"
+#include "AbstractMemory.h"
+#include "Type.h"
+#ifdef RUBY_1_9
+#include <ruby/st.h>
+#else
+#include <st.h>
+#endif
+
+#ifdef	__cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+    extern void rbffi_Struct_Init(VALUE ffiModule);
+    extern void rbffi_StructLayout_Init(VALUE ffiModule);
+    typedef struct StructField_ StructField;
+    typedef struct StructLayout_ StructLayout;
+    typedef struct Struct_ Struct;
+
+    struct StructField_ {
+        Type* type;
+        unsigned int offset;
+
+        int referenceIndex;
+
+        bool referenceRequired;
+        VALUE rbType;
+        VALUE rbName;
+
+        VALUE (*get)(StructField* field, Struct* s);
+        void (*put)(StructField* field, Struct* s, VALUE value);
+
+        MemoryOp* memoryOp;
+    };
+
+    struct StructLayout_ {
+        Type base;
+        StructField** fields;
+        int fieldCount;
+        int size;
+        int align;
+        ffi_type** ffiTypes;
+        struct st_table* fieldSymbolTable;
+
+        /** The number of reference tracking fields in this struct */
+        int referenceFieldCount;
+        
+        VALUE rbFieldNames;
+        VALUE rbFieldMap;
+        VALUE rbFields;
+    };
+
+    struct Struct_ {
+        StructLayout* layout;
+        AbstractMemory* pointer;
+        VALUE* rbReferences;
+
+        VALUE rbLayout;
+        VALUE rbPointer;
+    };
+
+    extern VALUE rbffi_StructClass, rbffi_StructLayoutClass;
+    extern VALUE rbffi_StructLayoutFieldClass, rbffi_StructLayoutFunctionFieldClass;
+    extern VALUE rbffi_StructLayoutArrayFieldClass;
+    extern VALUE rbffi_StructInlineArrayClass;
+    extern VALUE rbffi_StructLayoutCharArrayClass;
+
+#ifdef	__cplusplus
+}
+#endif
+
+#endif	/* RBFFI_STRUCT_H */
+
diff --git a/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/StructByReference.c b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/StructByReference.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..73e51116ef9681adc0cee1b854740947281abb00
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/StructByReference.c
@@ -0,0 +1,190 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2010, Wayne Meissner
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+ *
+ * * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
+ *   list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ * * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice
+ *   this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+ *   and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ * * The name of the author or authors may not be used to endorse or promote
+ *   products derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
+ * AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+ * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
+ * DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+ * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+ * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
+ * SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER
+ * CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
+ * OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+ * OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+#ifndef _MSC_VER
+# include <sys/param.h>
+#endif
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#ifndef _MSC_VER
+# include <stdint.h>
+# include <stdbool.h>
+#else
+# include "win32/stdbool.h"
+# include "win32/stdint.h"
+#endif
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <ruby.h>
+
+#include <ffi.h>
+#include "rbffi.h"
+#include "compat.h"
+
+#include "Pointer.h"
+#include "Struct.h"
+#include "StructByReference.h"
+
+
+#define FFI_ALIGN(v, a)  (((((size_t) (v))-1) | ((a)-1))+1)
+
+static VALUE sbr_allocate(VALUE);
+static VALUE sbr_initialize(VALUE, VALUE);
+static void sbr_mark(StructByReference *);
+
+VALUE rbffi_StructByReferenceClass = Qnil;
+
+static VALUE
+sbr_allocate(VALUE klass)
+{
+    StructByReference* sbr;
+
+    VALUE obj = Data_Make_Struct(klass, StructByReference, sbr_mark, -1, sbr);
+
+    sbr->rbStructClass = Qnil;
+
+    return obj;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq: initialize(struc_class)
+ * @param [Struct] struct_calss
+ * @return [self]
+ * A new instance of StructByReference.
+ */
+static VALUE
+sbr_initialize(VALUE self, VALUE rbStructClass)
+{
+    StructByReference* sbr = NULL;
+    
+    if (!rb_class_inherited_p(rbStructClass, rbffi_StructClass)) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "wrong type (expected subclass of FFI::Struct)");
+    }
+
+    Data_Get_Struct(self, StructByReference, sbr);
+    sbr->rbStructClass = rbStructClass;
+    
+    return self;
+}
+
+static void
+sbr_mark(StructByReference *sbr)
+{
+    rb_gc_mark(sbr->rbStructClass);
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * call-seq: struct_class
+ * @return [Struct]
+ * Get +struct_class+.
+ */
+static VALUE
+sbr_struct_class(VALUE self)
+{
+    StructByReference* sbr;
+
+    Data_Get_Struct(self, StructByReference, sbr);
+
+    return sbr->rbStructClass;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq: native_type
+ * @return [Class]
+ * Always get {FFI::Type}::POINTER.
+ */
+static VALUE
+sbr_native_type(VALUE self)
+{
+    return rb_const_get(rbffi_TypeClass, rb_intern("POINTER"));
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq: to_native(value, ctx)
+ * @param [nil, Struct] value
+ * @param [nil] ctx
+ * @return [AbstractMemory] Pointer on +value+.
+ */
+static VALUE
+sbr_to_native(VALUE self, VALUE value, VALUE ctx)
+{
+    StructByReference* sbr;
+    Struct* s;
+
+    if (unlikely(value == Qnil)) {
+        return rbffi_NullPointerSingleton;
+    }
+
+    Data_Get_Struct(self, StructByReference, sbr);
+    if (!rb_obj_is_kind_of(value, sbr->rbStructClass)) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "wrong argument type %s (expected %s)",
+                rb_obj_classname(value),
+                RSTRING_PTR(rb_class_name(sbr->rbStructClass)));
+    }
+
+    Data_Get_Struct(value, Struct, s);
+
+    return s->rbPointer;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq: from_native(value, ctx)
+ * @param [AbstractMemory] value
+ * @param [nil] ctx
+ * @return [Struct]
+ * Create a struct from content of memory +value+.
+ */
+static VALUE
+sbr_from_native(VALUE self, VALUE value, VALUE ctx)
+{
+    StructByReference* sbr;
+
+    Data_Get_Struct(self, StructByReference, sbr);
+
+    return rb_class_new_instance(1, &value, sbr->rbStructClass);
+}
+
+
+void
+rbffi_StructByReference_Init(VALUE moduleFFI)
+{
+    /*
+     * Document-class: FFI::StructByReference
+     * This class includes {FFI::DataConverter} module.
+     */
+    rbffi_StructByReferenceClass = rb_define_class_under(moduleFFI, "StructByReference", rb_cObject);
+    rb_global_variable(&rbffi_StructByReferenceClass);
+    rb_include_module(rbffi_StructByReferenceClass, rb_const_get(moduleFFI, rb_intern("DataConverter")));
+    
+    rb_define_alloc_func(rbffi_StructByReferenceClass, sbr_allocate);
+    rb_define_method(rbffi_StructByReferenceClass, "initialize", sbr_initialize, 1);
+    rb_define_method(rbffi_StructByReferenceClass, "struct_class", sbr_struct_class, 0);
+    rb_define_method(rbffi_StructByReferenceClass, "native_type", sbr_native_type, 0);
+    rb_define_method(rbffi_StructByReferenceClass, "to_native", sbr_to_native, 2);
+    rb_define_method(rbffi_StructByReferenceClass, "from_native", sbr_from_native, 2);
+}
+
diff --git a/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/StructByReference.h b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/StructByReference.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..cf797af62fafe67d923dac71cb0da8f593869bf0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/StructByReference.h
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2009, Wayne Meissner
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+ *
+ * * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
+ *   list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ * * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice
+ *   this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+ *   and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ * * The name of the author or authors may not be used to endorse or promote
+ *   products derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
+ * AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+ * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
+ * DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+ * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+ * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
+ * SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER
+ * CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
+ * OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+ * OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+#ifndef RBFFI_STRUCTBYREFERENCE_H
+#define	RBFFI_STRUCTBYREFERENCE_H
+
+#include <ruby.h>
+
+#ifdef	__cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+typedef struct StructByReference_ {
+    VALUE rbStructClass;
+} StructByReference;
+
+void rbffi_StructByReference_Init(VALUE moduleFFI);
+
+extern VALUE rbffi_StructByReferenceClass;
+
+#ifdef	__cplusplus
+}
+#endif
+
+#endif	/* RBFFI_STRUCTBYREFERENCE_H */
+
diff --git a/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/StructByValue.c b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/StructByValue.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0d9fb9c5346f1258e0e9a560e3a6a0d7150571f4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/StructByValue.c
@@ -0,0 +1,150 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2009, Wayne Meissner
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2008-2013, Ruby FFI project contributors
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+ *     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ *     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *       documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ *     * Neither the name of the Ruby FFI project nor the
+ *       names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products
+ *       derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND
+ * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
+ * WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
+ * DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL <COPYRIGHT HOLDER> BE LIABLE FOR ANY
+ * DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
+ * (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
+ * LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND
+ * ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+ * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
+ * SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+#ifndef _MSC_VER
+#include <sys/param.h>
+#endif
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#ifndef _MSC_VER
+# include <stdint.h>
+# include <stdbool.h>
+#else
+# include "win32/stdbool.h"
+# include "win32/stdint.h"
+#endif
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <ruby.h>
+
+#include <ffi.h>
+#include "rbffi.h"
+#include "compat.h"
+
+#include "Type.h"
+#include "StructByValue.h"
+#include "Struct.h"
+
+#define FFI_ALIGN(v, a)  (((((size_t) (v))-1) | ((a)-1))+1)
+
+static VALUE sbv_allocate(VALUE);
+static VALUE sbv_initialize(VALUE, VALUE);
+static void sbv_mark(StructByValue *);
+static void sbv_free(StructByValue *);
+
+VALUE rbffi_StructByValueClass = Qnil;
+
+static VALUE
+sbv_allocate(VALUE klass)
+{
+    StructByValue* sbv;
+
+    VALUE obj = Data_Make_Struct(klass, StructByValue, sbv_mark, sbv_free, sbv);
+
+    sbv->rbStructClass = Qnil;
+    sbv->rbStructLayout = Qnil;
+    sbv->base.nativeType = NATIVE_STRUCT;
+
+    sbv->base.ffiType = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*sbv->base.ffiType));
+    sbv->base.ffiType->size = 0;
+    sbv->base.ffiType->alignment = 1;
+    sbv->base.ffiType->type = FFI_TYPE_STRUCT;
+
+    return obj;
+}
+
+static VALUE
+sbv_initialize(VALUE self, VALUE rbStructClass)
+{
+    StructByValue* sbv = NULL;
+    StructLayout* layout = NULL;
+    VALUE rbLayout = Qnil;
+
+    rbLayout = rb_ivar_get(rbStructClass, rb_intern("@layout"));
+    if (!rb_obj_is_instance_of(rbLayout, rbffi_StructLayoutClass)) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "wrong type in @layout ivar (expected FFI::StructLayout)");
+    }
+
+    Data_Get_Struct(rbLayout, StructLayout, layout);
+    Data_Get_Struct(self, StructByValue, sbv);
+    sbv->rbStructClass = rbStructClass;
+    sbv->rbStructLayout = rbLayout;
+
+    /* We can just use everything from the ffi_type directly */
+    *sbv->base.ffiType = *layout->base.ffiType;
+    
+    return self;
+}
+
+static void
+sbv_mark(StructByValue *sbv)
+{
+    rb_gc_mark(sbv->rbStructClass);
+    rb_gc_mark(sbv->rbStructLayout);
+}
+
+static void
+sbv_free(StructByValue *sbv)
+{
+    xfree(sbv->base.ffiType);
+    xfree(sbv);
+}
+
+
+static VALUE
+sbv_layout(VALUE self)
+{
+    StructByValue* sbv;
+
+    Data_Get_Struct(self, StructByValue, sbv);
+    return sbv->rbStructLayout;
+}
+
+static VALUE
+sbv_struct_class(VALUE self)
+{
+    StructByValue* sbv;
+
+    Data_Get_Struct(self, StructByValue, sbv);
+
+    return sbv->rbStructClass;
+}
+
+void
+rbffi_StructByValue_Init(VALUE moduleFFI)
+{
+    rbffi_StructByValueClass = rb_define_class_under(moduleFFI, "StructByValue", rbffi_TypeClass);
+    rb_global_variable(&rbffi_StructByValueClass);
+    rb_define_const(rbffi_TypeClass, "Struct", rbffi_StructByValueClass);
+
+    rb_define_alloc_func(rbffi_StructByValueClass, sbv_allocate);
+    rb_define_method(rbffi_StructByValueClass, "initialize", sbv_initialize, 1);
+    rb_define_method(rbffi_StructByValueClass, "layout", sbv_layout, 0);
+    rb_define_method(rbffi_StructByValueClass, "struct_class", sbv_struct_class, 0);
+}
+
diff --git a/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/StructByValue.h b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/StructByValue.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..07b27639d1e60ac07e3f7e14c027d34fad698ed2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/StructByValue.h
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2009, Wayne Meissner
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2008-2013, Ruby FFI project contributors
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+ *     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ *     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *       documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ *     * Neither the name of the Ruby FFI project nor the
+ *       names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products
+ *       derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND
+ * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
+ * WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
+ * DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL <COPYRIGHT HOLDER> BE LIABLE FOR ANY
+ * DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
+ * (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
+ * LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND
+ * ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+ * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
+ * SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+#ifndef RBFFI_STRUCTBYVALUE_H
+#define	RBFFI_STRUCTBYVALUE_H
+
+#include <ruby.h>
+#include "Type.h"
+
+#ifdef	__cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+typedef struct StructByValue_ {
+    Type base;
+    VALUE rbStructClass;
+    VALUE rbStructLayout;
+} StructByValue;
+
+void rbffi_StructByValue_Init(VALUE moduleFFI);
+
+extern VALUE rbffi_StructByValueClass;
+
+#ifdef	__cplusplus
+}
+#endif
+
+#endif	/* RBFFI_STRUCTBYVALUE_H */
+
diff --git a/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/StructLayout.c b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/StructLayout.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..483e532866341e7350241261b4c3d1154c4aa0d2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/StructLayout.c
@@ -0,0 +1,698 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2008, 2009, Wayne Meissner
+ * Copyright (c) 2009, Luc Heinrich <luc@honk-honk.com>
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2008-2013, Ruby FFI project contributors
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+ *     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ *     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *       documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ *     * Neither the name of the Ruby FFI project nor the
+ *       names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products
+ *       derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND
+ * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
+ * WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
+ * DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL <COPYRIGHT HOLDER> BE LIABLE FOR ANY
+ * DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
+ * (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
+ * LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND
+ * ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+ * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
+ * SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+#include <sys/types.h>
+
+#ifndef _MSC_VER
+# include <sys/param.h>
+# include <stdint.h>
+# include <stdbool.h>
+#else
+# include "win32/stdbool.h"
+# include "win32/stdint.h"
+#endif
+#include <ruby.h>
+#include "rbffi.h"
+#include "compat.h"
+#include "AbstractMemory.h"
+#include "Pointer.h"
+#include "MemoryPointer.h"
+#include "Function.h"
+#include "Types.h"
+#include "StructByValue.h"
+#include "ArrayType.h"
+#include "Function.h"
+#include "MappedType.h"
+#include "Struct.h"
+
+#define FFI_ALIGN(v, a)  (((((size_t) (v))-1) | ((a)-1))+1)
+
+static void struct_layout_mark(StructLayout *);
+static void struct_layout_free(StructLayout *);
+static void struct_field_mark(StructField* );
+
+VALUE rbffi_StructLayoutFieldClass = Qnil;
+VALUE rbffi_StructLayoutNumberFieldClass = Qnil, rbffi_StructLayoutPointerFieldClass = Qnil;
+VALUE rbffi_StructLayoutStringFieldClass = Qnil;
+VALUE rbffi_StructLayoutFunctionFieldClass = Qnil, rbffi_StructLayoutArrayFieldClass = Qnil;
+
+VALUE rbffi_StructLayoutClass = Qnil;
+
+
+static VALUE
+struct_field_allocate(VALUE klass)
+{
+    StructField* field;
+    VALUE obj;
+
+    obj = Data_Make_Struct(klass, StructField, struct_field_mark, -1, field);
+    field->rbType = Qnil;
+    field->rbName = Qnil;
+
+    return obj;
+}
+
+static void
+struct_field_mark(StructField* f)
+{
+    rb_gc_mark(f->rbType);
+    rb_gc_mark(f->rbName);
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq: initialize(name, offset, type)
+ * @param [String,Symbol] name
+ * @param [Fixnum] offset
+ * @param [FFI::Type] type
+ * @return [self]
+ * A new FFI::StructLayout::Field instance.
+ */
+static VALUE
+struct_field_initialize(int argc, VALUE* argv, VALUE self)
+{
+    VALUE rbOffset = Qnil, rbName = Qnil, rbType = Qnil;
+    StructField* field;
+    int nargs;
+
+    Data_Get_Struct(self, StructField, field);
+
+    nargs = rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "3", &rbName, &rbOffset, &rbType);
+
+    if (TYPE(rbName) != T_SYMBOL && TYPE(rbName) != T_STRING) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "wrong argument type %s (expected Symbol/String)",
+                rb_obj_classname(rbName));
+    }
+
+    Check_Type(rbOffset, T_FIXNUM);
+
+    if (!rb_obj_is_kind_of(rbType, rbffi_TypeClass)) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "wrong argument type %s (expected FFI::Type)",
+                rb_obj_classname(rbType));
+    }
+
+    field->offset = NUM2UINT(rbOffset);
+    field->rbName = (TYPE(rbName) == T_SYMBOL) ? rbName : rb_str_intern(rbName);
+    field->rbType = rbType;
+    Data_Get_Struct(field->rbType, Type, field->type);
+    field->memoryOp = get_memory_op(field->type);
+    field->referenceIndex = -1;
+
+    switch (field->type->nativeType == NATIVE_MAPPED ? ((MappedType *) field->type)->type->nativeType : field->type->nativeType) {
+        case NATIVE_FUNCTION:
+        case NATIVE_CALLBACK:
+        case NATIVE_POINTER:
+            field->referenceRequired = true;
+            break;
+
+        default:
+            field->referenceRequired = (rb_respond_to(self, rb_intern("reference_required?"))
+                    && RTEST(rb_funcall2(self, rb_intern("reference_required?"), 0, NULL)))
+                    || (rb_respond_to(rbType, rb_intern("reference_required?"))
+                        && RTEST(rb_funcall2(rbType, rb_intern("reference_required?"), 0, NULL)));
+            break;
+    }
+    
+    return self;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq: offset
+ * @return [Numeric]
+ * Get the field offset.
+ */
+static VALUE
+struct_field_offset(VALUE self)
+{
+    StructField* field;
+    Data_Get_Struct(self, StructField, field);
+    return UINT2NUM(field->offset);
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq: size
+ * @return [Numeric]
+ * Get the field size.
+ */
+static VALUE
+struct_field_size(VALUE self)
+{
+    StructField* field;
+    Data_Get_Struct(self, StructField, field);
+    return UINT2NUM(field->type->ffiType->size);
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq: alignment
+ * @return [Numeric]
+ * Get the field alignment.
+ */
+static VALUE
+struct_field_alignment(VALUE self)
+{
+    StructField* field;
+    Data_Get_Struct(self, StructField, field);
+    return UINT2NUM(field->type->ffiType->alignment);
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq: type
+ * @return [Type]
+ * Get the field type.
+ */
+static VALUE
+struct_field_type(VALUE self)
+{
+    StructField* field;
+    Data_Get_Struct(self, StructField, field);
+
+    return field->rbType;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq: name
+ * @return [Symbol]
+ * Get the field name.
+ */
+static VALUE
+struct_field_name(VALUE self)
+{
+    StructField* field;
+    Data_Get_Struct(self, StructField, field);
+    return field->rbName;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq: get(pointer)
+ * @param [AbstractMemory] pointer pointer on a {Struct}
+ * @return [Object]
+ * Get an object of type {#type} from memory pointed by +pointer+.
+ */
+static VALUE
+struct_field_get(VALUE self, VALUE pointer)
+{
+    StructField* f;
+
+    Data_Get_Struct(self, StructField, f);
+    if (f->memoryOp == NULL) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "get not supported for %s", rb_obj_classname(f->rbType));
+        return Qnil;
+    }
+
+    return (*f->memoryOp->get)(MEMORY(pointer), f->offset);
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq: put(pointer, value)
+ * @param [AbstractMemory] pointer pointer on a {Struct}
+ * @param [Object] value this object must be a kind of {#type}
+ * @return [self]
+ * Put an object to memory pointed by +pointer+.
+ */
+static VALUE
+struct_field_put(VALUE self, VALUE pointer, VALUE value)
+{
+    StructField* f;
+    
+    Data_Get_Struct(self, StructField, f);
+    if (f->memoryOp == NULL) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "put not supported for %s", rb_obj_classname(f->rbType));
+        return self;
+    }
+
+    (*f->memoryOp->put)(MEMORY(pointer), f->offset, value);
+
+    return self;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq: get(pointer)
+ * @param [AbstractMemory] pointer pointer on a {Struct}
+ * @return [Function]
+ * Get a {Function} from memory pointed by +pointer+.
+ */
+static VALUE
+function_field_get(VALUE self, VALUE pointer)
+{
+    StructField* f;
+    
+    Data_Get_Struct(self, StructField, f);
+
+    return rbffi_Function_NewInstance(f->rbType, (*rbffi_AbstractMemoryOps.pointer->get)(MEMORY(pointer), f->offset));
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq: put(pointer, proc)
+ * @param [AbstractMemory] pointer pointer to a {Struct}
+ * @param [Function, Proc] proc
+ * @return [Function]
+ * Set a {Function} to memory pointed by +pointer+ as a function. 
+ *
+ * If a Proc is submitted as +proc+, it is automatically transformed to a {Function}.
+ */
+static VALUE
+function_field_put(VALUE self, VALUE pointer, VALUE proc)
+{
+    StructField* f;
+    VALUE value = Qnil;
+
+    Data_Get_Struct(self, StructField, f);
+
+    if (NIL_P(proc) || rb_obj_is_kind_of(proc, rbffi_FunctionClass)) {
+        value = proc;
+    } else if (rb_obj_is_kind_of(proc, rb_cProc) || rb_respond_to(proc, rb_intern("call"))) {
+        value = rbffi_Function_ForProc(f->rbType, proc);
+    } else {
+        rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "wrong type (expected Proc or Function)");
+    }
+
+    (*rbffi_AbstractMemoryOps.pointer->put)(MEMORY(pointer), f->offset, value);
+
+    return self;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+isCharArray(ArrayType* arrayType)
+{
+    return arrayType->componentType->nativeType == NATIVE_INT8
+            || arrayType->componentType->nativeType == NATIVE_UINT8;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq: get(pointer)
+ * @param [AbstractMemory] pointer pointer on a {Struct}
+ * @return [FFI::StructLayout::CharArray, FFI::Struct::InlineArray]
+ * Get an array from a {Struct}.
+ */
+static VALUE
+array_field_get(VALUE self, VALUE pointer)
+{
+    StructField* f;
+    ArrayType* array;
+    VALUE argv[2];
+
+    Data_Get_Struct(self, StructField, f);
+    Data_Get_Struct(f->rbType, ArrayType, array);
+
+    argv[0] = pointer;
+    argv[1] = self;
+
+    return rb_class_new_instance(2, argv, isCharArray(array)
+            ? rbffi_StructLayoutCharArrayClass : rbffi_StructInlineArrayClass);
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq: put(pointer, value)
+ * @param [AbstractMemory] pointer pointer on a {Struct}
+ * @param [String, Array] value +value+ may be a String only if array's type is a kind of +int8+
+ * @return [value]
+ * Set an array in a {Struct}.
+ */
+static VALUE
+array_field_put(VALUE self, VALUE pointer, VALUE value)
+{
+    StructField* f;
+    ArrayType* array;
+    
+
+    Data_Get_Struct(self, StructField, f);
+    Data_Get_Struct(f->rbType, ArrayType, array);
+    
+    if (isCharArray(array) && rb_obj_is_instance_of(value, rb_cString)) {
+        VALUE argv[2];
+
+        argv[0] = INT2FIX(f->offset);
+        argv[1] = value;
+
+        rb_funcall2(pointer, rb_intern("put_string"), 2, argv);
+
+    } else {
+#ifdef notyet
+        MemoryOp* op;
+        int count = RARRAY_LEN(value);
+        int i;
+        AbstractMemory* memory = MEMORY(pointer);
+
+        if (count > array->length) {
+            rb_raise(rb_eIndexError, "array too large");
+        }
+
+        /* clear the contents in case of a short write */
+        checkWrite(memory);
+        checkBounds(memory, f->offset, f->type->ffiType->size);
+        if (count < array->length) {
+            memset(memory->address + f->offset + (count * array->componentType->ffiType->size),
+                    0, (array->length - count) * array->componentType->ffiType->size);
+        }
+
+        /* now copy each element in */
+        if ((op = get_memory_op(array->componentType)) != NULL) {
+
+            for (i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+                (*op->put)(memory, f->offset + (i * array->componentType->ffiType->size), rb_ary_entry(value, i));
+            }
+
+        } else if (array->componentType->nativeType == NATIVE_STRUCT) {
+
+            for (i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+                VALUE entry = rb_ary_entry(value, i);
+                Struct* s;
+
+                if (!rb_obj_is_kind_of(entry, rbffi_StructClass)) {
+                    rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "array element not an instance of FFI::Struct");
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                Data_Get_Struct(entry, Struct, s);
+                checkRead(s->pointer);
+                checkBounds(s->pointer, 0, array->componentType->ffiType->size);
+
+                memcpy(memory->address + f->offset + (i * array->componentType->ffiType->size),
+                        s->pointer->address, array->componentType->ffiType->size);
+            }
+
+        } else {
+            rb_raise(rb_eNotImpError, "put not supported for arrays of type %s", rb_obj_classname(array->rbComponentType));
+        }
+#else
+        rb_raise(rb_eNotImpError, "cannot set array field");
+#endif
+    }
+
+    return value;
+}
+
+
+static VALUE
+struct_layout_allocate(VALUE klass)
+{
+    StructLayout* layout;
+    VALUE obj;
+
+    obj = Data_Make_Struct(klass, StructLayout, struct_layout_mark, struct_layout_free, layout);
+    layout->rbFieldMap = Qnil;
+    layout->rbFieldNames = Qnil;
+    layout->rbFields = Qnil;
+    layout->fieldSymbolTable = st_init_numtable();
+    layout->base.ffiType = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*layout->base.ffiType));
+    layout->base.ffiType->size = 0;
+    layout->base.ffiType->alignment = 0;
+    layout->base.ffiType->type = FFI_TYPE_STRUCT;
+
+    return obj;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq: initialize(fields, size, align)
+ * @param [Array<StructLayout::Field>] fields
+ * @param [Numeric] size
+ * @param [Numeric] align
+ * @return [self]
+ * A new StructLayout instance.
+ */
+static VALUE
+struct_layout_initialize(VALUE self, VALUE fields, VALUE size, VALUE align)
+{
+    StructLayout* layout;
+    ffi_type* ltype;
+    int i;
+
+    Data_Get_Struct(self, StructLayout, layout);
+    layout->fieldCount = (int) RARRAY_LEN(fields);
+    layout->rbFieldMap = rb_hash_new();
+    layout->rbFieldNames = rb_ary_new2(layout->fieldCount);
+    layout->size = (int) FFI_ALIGN(NUM2INT(size),  NUM2INT(align));
+    layout->align = NUM2INT(align);
+    layout->fields = xcalloc(layout->fieldCount, sizeof(StructField *));
+    layout->ffiTypes = xcalloc(layout->fieldCount + 1, sizeof(ffi_type *));
+    layout->rbFields = rb_ary_new2(layout->fieldCount);
+    layout->referenceFieldCount = 0;
+    layout->base.ffiType->elements = layout->ffiTypes;
+    layout->base.ffiType->size = layout->size;
+    layout->base.ffiType->alignment = layout->align;
+
+    ltype = layout->base.ffiType;
+    for (i = 0; i < (int) layout->fieldCount; ++i) {
+        VALUE rbField = rb_ary_entry(fields, i);
+        VALUE rbName;
+        StructField* field;
+        ffi_type* ftype;
+
+
+        if (!rb_obj_is_kind_of(rbField, rbffi_StructLayoutFieldClass)) {
+            rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "wrong type for field %d.", i);
+        }
+        rbName = rb_funcall2(rbField, rb_intern("name"), 0, NULL);
+
+        Data_Get_Struct(rbField, StructField, field);
+        layout->fields[i] = field;
+
+        if (field->type == NULL || field->type->ffiType == NULL) {
+            rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "type of field %d not supported", i);
+        }
+
+        ftype = field->type->ffiType;
+        if (ftype->size == 0 && i < ((int) layout->fieldCount - 1)) {
+            rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "type of field %d has zero size", i);
+        }
+
+        if (field->referenceRequired) {
+            field->referenceIndex = layout->referenceFieldCount++;
+        }
+
+
+        layout->ffiTypes[i] = ftype->size > 0 ? ftype : NULL;
+        st_insert(layout->fieldSymbolTable, rbName, rbField);
+        rb_hash_aset(layout->rbFieldMap, rbName, rbField);
+        rb_ary_push(layout->rbFields, rbField);
+        rb_ary_push(layout->rbFieldNames, rbName);
+    }
+
+    if (ltype->size == 0) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "Struct size is zero");
+    }
+
+    return self;
+}
+
+/* 
+ * call-seq: [](field)
+ * @param [Symbol] field
+ * @return [StructLayout::Field]
+ * Get a field from the layout.
+ */
+static VALUE
+struct_layout_union_bang(VALUE self) 
+{
+    const ffi_type *alignment_types[] = { &ffi_type_sint8, &ffi_type_sint16, &ffi_type_sint32, &ffi_type_sint64,
+                                          &ffi_type_float, &ffi_type_double, &ffi_type_longdouble, NULL };
+    StructLayout* layout;
+    ffi_type *t = NULL;
+    int count, i;
+
+    Data_Get_Struct(self, StructLayout, layout);
+
+    for (i = 0; alignment_types[i] != NULL; ++i) {
+        if (alignment_types[i]->alignment == layout->align) {
+            t = (ffi_type *) alignment_types[i];
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+    if (t == NULL) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "cannot create libffi union representation for alignment %d", layout->align);
+        return Qnil;
+    }
+
+    count = (int) layout->size / (int) t->size;
+    xfree(layout->ffiTypes);
+    layout->ffiTypes = xcalloc(count + 1, sizeof(ffi_type *));
+    layout->base.ffiType->elements = layout->ffiTypes;
+
+    for (i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+        layout->ffiTypes[i] = t;
+    }
+
+    return self;
+}
+
+static VALUE
+struct_layout_aref(VALUE self, VALUE field)
+{
+    StructLayout* layout;
+
+    Data_Get_Struct(self, StructLayout, layout);
+
+    return rb_hash_aref(layout->rbFieldMap, field);
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq: fields
+ * @return [Array<StructLayout::Field>]
+ * Get fields list.
+ */
+static VALUE
+struct_layout_fields(VALUE self)
+{
+    StructLayout* layout;
+
+    Data_Get_Struct(self, StructLayout, layout);
+
+    return rb_ary_dup(layout->rbFields);
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq: members
+ * @return [Array<Symbol>]
+ * Get list of field names.
+ */
+static VALUE
+struct_layout_members(VALUE self)
+{
+    StructLayout* layout;
+
+    Data_Get_Struct(self, StructLayout, layout);
+
+    return rb_ary_dup(layout->rbFieldNames);
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq: to_a
+ * @return [Array<StructLayout::Field>]
+ * Get an array of fields.
+ */
+static VALUE
+struct_layout_to_a(VALUE self)
+{
+    StructLayout* layout;
+
+    Data_Get_Struct(self, StructLayout, layout);
+
+    return rb_ary_dup(layout->rbFields);
+}
+
+static void
+struct_layout_mark(StructLayout *layout)
+{
+    rb_gc_mark(layout->rbFieldMap);
+    rb_gc_mark(layout->rbFieldNames);
+    rb_gc_mark(layout->rbFields);
+}
+
+static void
+struct_layout_free(StructLayout *layout)
+{
+    xfree(layout->ffiTypes);
+    xfree(layout->base.ffiType);
+    xfree(layout->fields);
+    st_free_table(layout->fieldSymbolTable);
+    xfree(layout);
+}
+
+
+void
+rbffi_StructLayout_Init(VALUE moduleFFI)
+{
+    VALUE ffi_Type = rbffi_TypeClass;
+
+    /*
+     * Document-class: FFI::StructLayout < FFI::Type
+     *
+     * This class aims at defining a struct layout.
+     */
+    rbffi_StructLayoutClass = rb_define_class_under(moduleFFI, "StructLayout", ffi_Type);
+    rb_global_variable(&rbffi_StructLayoutClass);
+    
+    /*
+     * Document-class: FFI::StructLayout::Field
+     * A field in a {StructLayout}.
+     */
+    rbffi_StructLayoutFieldClass = rb_define_class_under(rbffi_StructLayoutClass, "Field", rb_cObject);
+    rb_global_variable(&rbffi_StructLayoutFieldClass);
+
+    /*
+     * Document-class: FFI::StructLayout::Number
+     * A numeric {Field} in a {StructLayout}.
+     */
+    rbffi_StructLayoutNumberFieldClass = rb_define_class_under(rbffi_StructLayoutClass, "Number", rbffi_StructLayoutFieldClass);
+    rb_global_variable(&rbffi_StructLayoutNumberFieldClass);
+
+    /*
+     * Document-class: FFI::StructLayout::String
+     * A string {Field} in a {StructLayout}.
+     */
+    rbffi_StructLayoutStringFieldClass = rb_define_class_under(rbffi_StructLayoutClass, "String", rbffi_StructLayoutFieldClass);
+    rb_global_variable(&rbffi_StructLayoutStringFieldClass);
+
+    /*
+     * Document-class: FFI::StructLayout::Pointer
+     * A pointer {Field} in a {StructLayout}.
+     */
+    rbffi_StructLayoutPointerFieldClass = rb_define_class_under(rbffi_StructLayoutClass, "Pointer", rbffi_StructLayoutFieldClass);
+    rb_global_variable(&rbffi_StructLayoutPointerFieldClass);
+
+    /*
+     * Document-class: FFI::StructLayout::Function
+     * A function pointer {Field} in a {StructLayout}.
+     */
+    rbffi_StructLayoutFunctionFieldClass = rb_define_class_under(rbffi_StructLayoutClass, "Function", rbffi_StructLayoutFieldClass);
+    rb_global_variable(&rbffi_StructLayoutFunctionFieldClass);
+
+    /*
+     * Document-class: FFI::StructLayout::Array
+     * An array {Field} in a {StructLayout}.
+     */
+    rbffi_StructLayoutArrayFieldClass = rb_define_class_under(rbffi_StructLayoutClass, "Array", rbffi_StructLayoutFieldClass);
+    rb_global_variable(&rbffi_StructLayoutArrayFieldClass);
+
+    rb_define_alloc_func(rbffi_StructLayoutFieldClass, struct_field_allocate);
+    rb_define_method(rbffi_StructLayoutFieldClass, "initialize", struct_field_initialize, -1);
+    rb_define_method(rbffi_StructLayoutFieldClass, "offset", struct_field_offset, 0);
+    rb_define_method(rbffi_StructLayoutFieldClass, "size", struct_field_size, 0);
+    rb_define_method(rbffi_StructLayoutFieldClass, "alignment", struct_field_alignment, 0);
+    rb_define_method(rbffi_StructLayoutFieldClass, "name", struct_field_name, 0);
+    rb_define_method(rbffi_StructLayoutFieldClass, "type", struct_field_type, 0);
+    rb_define_method(rbffi_StructLayoutFieldClass, "put", struct_field_put, 2);
+    rb_define_method(rbffi_StructLayoutFieldClass, "get", struct_field_get, 1);
+
+    rb_define_method(rbffi_StructLayoutFunctionFieldClass, "put", function_field_put, 2);
+    rb_define_method(rbffi_StructLayoutFunctionFieldClass, "get", function_field_get, 1);
+
+    rb_define_method(rbffi_StructLayoutArrayFieldClass, "get", array_field_get, 1);
+    rb_define_method(rbffi_StructLayoutArrayFieldClass, "put", array_field_put, 2);
+
+    rb_define_alloc_func(rbffi_StructLayoutClass, struct_layout_allocate);
+    rb_define_method(rbffi_StructLayoutClass, "initialize", struct_layout_initialize, 3);
+    rb_define_method(rbffi_StructLayoutClass, "[]", struct_layout_aref, 1);
+    rb_define_method(rbffi_StructLayoutClass, "fields", struct_layout_fields, 0);
+    rb_define_method(rbffi_StructLayoutClass, "members", struct_layout_members, 0);
+    rb_define_method(rbffi_StructLayoutClass, "to_a", struct_layout_to_a, 0);
+    rb_define_method(rbffi_StructLayoutClass, "__union!", struct_layout_union_bang, 0);
+
+}
+
diff --git a/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/Thread.c b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/Thread.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e85ea40b201b46e87719815b89e316da58e45d62
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/Thread.c
@@ -0,0 +1,353 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2010 Wayne Meissner
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2008-2013, Ruby FFI project contributors
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+ *     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ *     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *       documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ *     * Neither the name of the Ruby FFI project nor the
+ *       names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products
+ *       derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND
+ * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
+ * WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
+ * DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL <COPYRIGHT HOLDER> BE LIABLE FOR ANY
+ * DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
+ * (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
+ * LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND
+ * ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+ * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
+ * SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+#include <stddef.h>
+#ifndef _MSC_VER
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#else
+# include "win32/stdbool.h"
+# include "win32/stdint.h"
+#endif
+
+#if defined(__CYGWIN__) || !defined(_WIN32)
+# include <pthread.h>
+# include <errno.h>
+# include <signal.h>
+# include <unistd.h>
+#else
+# include <winsock2.h>
+# define _WINSOCKAPI_
+# include <windows.h>
+#endif
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include "Thread.h"
+
+#ifdef _WIN32
+static volatile DWORD frame_thread_key = TLS_OUT_OF_INDEXES;
+#else
+static pthread_key_t thread_data_key;
+struct thread_data {
+    rbffi_frame_t* frame;
+};
+static inline struct thread_data* thread_data_get(void);
+
+#endif
+
+rbffi_frame_t*
+rbffi_frame_current(void)
+{
+#ifdef _WIN32
+    return (rbffi_frame_t *) TlsGetValue(frame_thread_key);
+#else
+    struct thread_data* td = (struct thread_data *) pthread_getspecific(thread_data_key);
+    return td != NULL ? td->frame : NULL;
+#endif
+}
+
+void 
+rbffi_frame_push(rbffi_frame_t* frame)
+{
+    memset(frame, 0, sizeof(*frame));
+    frame->has_gvl = true;
+    frame->exc = Qnil;
+    
+#ifdef _WIN32
+    frame->prev = TlsGetValue(frame_thread_key);
+    TlsSetValue(frame_thread_key, frame);
+#else
+    frame->td = thread_data_get();
+    frame->prev = frame->td->frame;
+    frame->td->frame = frame;
+#endif
+}
+
+void 
+rbffi_frame_pop(rbffi_frame_t* frame)
+{
+#ifdef _WIN32
+    TlsSetValue(frame_thread_key, frame->prev);
+#else
+    frame->td->frame = frame->prev;
+#endif
+}
+
+#if !(defined(HAVE_RB_THREAD_BLOCKING_REGION) || defined(HAVE_RB_THREAD_CALL_WITHOUT_GVL))
+
+#if !defined(_WIN32)
+
+struct BlockingThread {
+    pthread_t tid;
+    VALUE (*fn)(void *);
+    void *data;
+    void (*ubf)(void *);
+    void *data2;
+    VALUE retval;
+    int wrfd;
+    int rdfd;
+};
+
+static void*
+rbffi_blocking_thread(void* args)
+{
+    struct BlockingThread* thr = (struct BlockingThread *) args;
+    char c = 1;
+    VALUE retval;
+    
+    retval = (*thr->fn)(thr->data);
+    
+    pthread_testcancel();
+
+    thr->retval = retval;
+    
+    write(thr->wrfd, &c, sizeof(c));
+
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+static VALUE
+wait_for_thread(void *data)
+{
+    struct BlockingThread* thr = (struct BlockingThread *) data;
+    char c;
+    
+    if (read(thr->rdfd, &c, 1) < 1) {
+        rb_thread_wait_fd(thr->rdfd);
+        while (read(thr->rdfd, &c, 1) < 1 && rb_io_wait_readable(thr->rdfd) == Qtrue) {
+            ;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return Qnil;
+}
+
+static VALUE
+cleanup_blocking_thread(void *data, VALUE exc)
+{
+    struct BlockingThread* thr = (struct BlockingThread *) data;
+
+    if (thr->ubf != (void (*)(void *)) -1) {
+        (*thr->ubf)(thr->data2);
+    } else {
+        pthread_kill(thr->tid, SIGVTALRM);
+    }
+
+    return exc;
+}
+
+VALUE
+rbffi_thread_blocking_region(VALUE (*func)(void *), void *data1, void (*ubf)(void *), void *data2)
+{
+    struct BlockingThread* thr;
+    int fd[2];
+    VALUE exc;
+    
+    if (pipe(fd) < 0) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eSystemCallError, "pipe(2) failed");
+        return Qnil;
+    }
+    fcntl(fd[0], F_SETFL, fcntl(fd[0], F_GETFL) | O_NONBLOCK);
+
+    thr = ALLOC_N(struct BlockingThread, 1);
+    thr->rdfd = fd[0];
+    thr->wrfd = fd[1];
+    thr->fn = func;
+    thr->data = data1;
+    thr->ubf = ubf;
+    thr->data2 = data2;
+    thr->retval = Qnil;
+
+    if (pthread_create(&thr->tid, NULL, rbffi_blocking_thread, thr) != 0) {
+        close(fd[0]);
+        close(fd[1]);
+        xfree(thr);
+        rb_raise(rb_eSystemCallError, "pipe(2) failed");
+        return Qnil;
+    }
+
+    exc = rb_rescue2(wait_for_thread, (VALUE) thr, cleanup_blocking_thread, (VALUE) thr,
+        rb_eException);
+    
+    pthread_join(thr->tid, NULL);
+    close(fd[1]);
+    close(fd[0]);
+    xfree(thr);
+
+    if (exc != Qnil) {
+        rb_exc_raise(exc);
+    }
+
+    return thr->retval;
+}
+
+#else
+/* win32 implementation */
+
+struct BlockingThread {
+    HANDLE tid;
+    VALUE (*fn)(void *);
+    void *data;
+    void (*ubf)(void *);
+    void *data2;
+    VALUE retval;
+    int wrfd;
+    int rdfd;
+};
+
+static DWORD __stdcall
+rbffi_blocking_thread(LPVOID args)
+{
+    struct BlockingThread* thr = (struct BlockingThread *) args;
+    char c = 1;
+    VALUE retval;
+
+    retval = (*thr->fn)(thr->data);
+    thr->retval = retval;
+
+    write(thr->wrfd, &c, sizeof(c));
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static VALUE
+wait_for_thread(void *data)
+{
+    struct BlockingThread* thr = (struct BlockingThread *) data;
+    char c, res;
+    fd_set rfds;
+
+    FD_ZERO(&rfds);
+    FD_SET(thr->rdfd, &rfds);
+    rb_thread_select(thr->rdfd + 1, &rfds, NULL, NULL, NULL);
+    read(thr->rdfd, &c, 1);
+    return Qnil;
+}
+
+static VALUE
+cleanup_blocking_thread(void *data, VALUE exc)
+{
+    struct BlockingThread* thr = (struct BlockingThread *) data;
+
+    if (thr->ubf != (void (*)(void *)) -1) {
+        (*thr->ubf)(thr->data2);
+    } else {
+        TerminateThread(thr->tid, 0);
+    }
+
+    return exc;
+}
+
+VALUE
+rbffi_thread_blocking_region(VALUE (*func)(void *), void *data1, void (*ubf)(void *), void *data2)
+{
+    struct BlockingThread* thr;
+    int fd[2];
+    VALUE exc;
+    DWORD state;
+    DWORD res;
+
+    if (_pipe(fd, 1024, O_BINARY) == -1) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eSystemCallError, "_pipe() failed");
+        return Qnil;
+    }
+
+    thr = ALLOC_N(struct BlockingThread, 1);
+    thr->rdfd = fd[0];
+    thr->wrfd = fd[1];
+    thr->fn = func;
+    thr->data = data1;
+    thr->ubf = ubf;
+    thr->data2 = data2;
+    thr->retval = Qnil;
+
+    thr->tid = CreateThread(NULL, 0, rbffi_blocking_thread, thr, 0, NULL);
+    if (!thr->tid) {
+        close(fd[0]);
+        close(fd[1]);
+        xfree(thr);
+        rb_raise(rb_eSystemCallError, "CreateThread() failed");
+        return Qnil;
+    }
+
+    exc = rb_rescue2(wait_for_thread, (VALUE) thr, cleanup_blocking_thread, (VALUE) thr,
+        rb_eException);
+
+    /* The thread should be finished, already. */
+    WaitForSingleObject(thr->tid, INFINITE);
+    CloseHandle(thr->tid);
+    close(fd[1]);
+    close(fd[0]);
+    xfree(thr);
+
+    if (exc != Qnil) {
+        rb_exc_raise(exc);
+    }
+
+    return thr->retval;
+}
+
+#endif /* !_WIN32 */
+
+#endif /* HAVE_RB_THREAD_BLOCKING_REGION */
+
+#ifndef _WIN32
+static struct thread_data* thread_data_init(void);
+
+static inline struct thread_data*
+thread_data_get(void)
+{
+    struct thread_data* td = (struct thread_data *) pthread_getspecific(thread_data_key);
+    return td != NULL ? td : thread_data_init();
+}
+
+static struct thread_data*
+thread_data_init(void)
+{
+    struct thread_data* td = calloc(1, sizeof(struct thread_data));
+
+    pthread_setspecific(thread_data_key, td);
+
+    return td;
+}
+
+static void
+thread_data_free(void *ptr)
+{
+    free(ptr);
+}
+#endif
+
+void
+rbffi_Thread_Init(VALUE moduleFFI)
+{
+#ifdef _WIN32
+    frame_thread_key = TlsAlloc();
+#else
+    pthread_key_create(&thread_data_key, thread_data_free);    
+#endif
+}
diff --git a/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/Thread.h b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/Thread.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c51a5a93e559cf805c99cd19cb8d659f93efdc5c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/Thread.h
@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2010 Wayne Meissner
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2008-2013, Ruby FFI project contributors
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+ *     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ *     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *       documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ *     * Neither the name of the Ruby FFI project nor the
+ *       names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products
+ *       derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND
+ * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
+ * WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
+ * DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL <COPYRIGHT HOLDER> BE LIABLE FOR ANY
+ * DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
+ * (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
+ * LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND
+ * ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+ * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
+ * SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+#ifndef RBFFI_THREAD_H
+#define	RBFFI_THREAD_H
+
+#ifndef _MSC_VER
+# include <stdbool.h>
+#else
+# include "win32/stdbool.h"
+# include "win32/stdint.h"
+#endif
+#include <ruby.h>
+#include "extconf.h"
+
+#ifdef	__cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+
+#ifdef _WIN32
+# include <windows.h>
+#else
+# include <pthread.h>
+#endif
+
+typedef struct {
+#ifdef _WIN32
+    DWORD id;
+#else
+    pthread_t id;
+#endif
+    bool valid;
+    bool has_gvl;
+    VALUE exc;
+} rbffi_thread_t;
+
+typedef struct rbffi_frame {
+#ifndef _WIN32
+    struct thread_data* td;
+#endif
+    struct rbffi_frame* prev;
+    bool has_gvl;
+    VALUE exc;
+} rbffi_frame_t;
+
+rbffi_frame_t* rbffi_frame_current(void);
+void rbffi_frame_push(rbffi_frame_t* frame);
+void rbffi_frame_pop(rbffi_frame_t* frame);
+
+#ifdef HAVE_RB_THREAD_CALL_WITHOUT_GVL
+# define rbffi_thread_blocking_region rb_thread_call_without_gvl
+
+#elif defined(HAVE_RB_THREAD_BLOCKING_REGION)
+# define rbffi_thread_blocking_region rb_thread_blocking_region
+
+#else
+
+VALUE rbffi_thread_blocking_region(VALUE (*func)(void *), void *data1, void (*ubf)(void *), void *data2);
+
+#endif
+
+
+#ifdef	__cplusplus
+}
+#endif
+
+#endif	/* RBFFI_THREAD_H */
+
diff --git a/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/Type.c b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/Type.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..034482f2c4e3d2c515470f0559725514ed469606
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/Type.c
@@ -0,0 +1,397 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2009, Wayne Meissner
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2008-2013, Ruby FFI project contributors
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+ *     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ *     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *       documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ *     * Neither the name of the Ruby FFI project nor the
+ *       names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products
+ *       derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
+ * 
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND
+ * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
+ * WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
+ * DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL <COPYRIGHT HOLDER> BE LIABLE FOR ANY
+ * DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
+ * (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
+ * LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND
+ * ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+ * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
+ * SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+#ifndef _MSC_VER
+#include <sys/param.h>
+#endif
+
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <ruby.h>
+#include <ffi.h>
+#include "rbffi.h"
+#include "compat.h"
+#include "Types.h"
+#include "Type.h"
+
+
+typedef struct BuiltinType_ {
+    Type type;
+    char* name;
+} BuiltinType;
+
+static void builtin_type_free(BuiltinType *);
+
+VALUE rbffi_TypeClass = Qnil;
+
+static VALUE classBuiltinType = Qnil;
+static VALUE moduleNativeType = Qnil;
+static VALUE typeMap = Qnil, sizeMap = Qnil;
+static ID id_find_type = 0, id_type_size = 0, id_size = 0;
+
+static VALUE
+type_allocate(VALUE klass)
+{
+    Type* type;
+    VALUE obj = Data_Make_Struct(klass, Type, NULL, -1, type);
+
+    type->nativeType = -1;
+    type->ffiType = &ffi_type_void;
+    
+    return obj;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Document-method: initialize
+ * call-seq: initialize(value)
+ * @param [Fixnum,Type] value
+ * @return [self]
+ */
+static VALUE
+type_initialize(VALUE self, VALUE value)
+{
+    Type* type;
+    Type* other;
+
+    Data_Get_Struct(self, Type, type);
+
+    if (FIXNUM_P(value)) {
+        type->nativeType = FIX2INT(value);
+    } else if (rb_obj_is_kind_of(value, rbffi_TypeClass)) {
+        Data_Get_Struct(value, Type, other);
+        type->nativeType = other->nativeType;
+        type->ffiType = other->ffiType;
+    } else {
+        rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "wrong type");
+    }
+    
+    return self;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq: type.size
+ * @return [Fixnum]
+ * Return type's size, in bytes.
+ */
+static VALUE
+type_size(VALUE self)
+{
+    Type *type;
+
+    Data_Get_Struct(self, Type, type);
+
+    return INT2FIX(type->ffiType->size);
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq: type.alignment
+ * @return [Fixnum]
+ * Get Type alignment.
+ */
+static VALUE
+type_alignment(VALUE self)
+{
+    Type *type;
+
+    Data_Get_Struct(self, Type, type);
+
+    return INT2FIX(type->ffiType->alignment);
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq: type.inspect
+ * @return [String]
+ * Inspect {Type} object.
+ */
+static VALUE
+type_inspect(VALUE self)
+{
+    char buf[100];
+    Type *type;
+
+    Data_Get_Struct(self, Type, type);
+
+    snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "#<%s:%p size=%d alignment=%d>",
+            rb_obj_classname(self), type, (int) type->ffiType->size, (int) type->ffiType->alignment);
+
+    return rb_str_new2(buf);
+}
+
+static VALUE
+builtin_type_new(VALUE klass, int nativeType, ffi_type* ffiType, const char* name)
+{
+    BuiltinType* type;
+    VALUE obj = Qnil;
+
+    obj = Data_Make_Struct(klass, BuiltinType, NULL, builtin_type_free, type);
+    
+    type->name = strdup(name);
+    type->type.nativeType = nativeType;
+    type->type.ffiType = ffiType;
+
+    return obj;
+}
+
+static void
+builtin_type_free(BuiltinType *type)
+{
+    free(type->name);
+    xfree(type);
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq: type.inspect
+ * @return [String]
+ * Inspect {Type::Builtin} object.
+ */
+static VALUE
+builtin_type_inspect(VALUE self)
+{
+    char buf[100];
+    BuiltinType *type;
+
+    Data_Get_Struct(self, BuiltinType, type);
+    snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "#<%s:%s size=%d alignment=%d>",
+            rb_obj_classname(self), type->name, (int) type->type.ffiType->size, type->type.ffiType->alignment);
+
+    return rb_str_new2(buf);
+}
+
+int
+rbffi_type_size(VALUE type)
+{
+    int t = TYPE(type);
+    
+    if (t == T_FIXNUM || t == T_BIGNUM) {
+        return NUM2INT(type);
+    
+    } else if (t == T_SYMBOL) {
+        /*
+         * Try looking up directly in the type and size maps
+         */
+        VALUE nType;
+        if ((nType = rb_hash_lookup(typeMap, type)) != Qnil) {
+            if (rb_obj_is_kind_of(nType, rbffi_TypeClass)) {
+                Type* type;
+                Data_Get_Struct(nType, Type, type);
+                return (int) type->ffiType->size;
+            
+            } else if (rb_respond_to(nType, id_size)) {
+                return NUM2INT(rb_funcall2(nType, id_size, 0, NULL));
+            }
+        }
+
+        /* Not found - call up to the ruby version to resolve */
+        return NUM2INT(rb_funcall2(rbffi_FFIModule, id_type_size, 1, &type));
+    
+    } else {
+        return NUM2INT(rb_funcall2(type, id_size, 0, NULL));
+    }
+}
+
+VALUE
+rbffi_Type_Lookup(VALUE name)
+{
+    int t = TYPE(name);
+    if (t == T_SYMBOL || t == T_STRING) {
+        /*
+         * Try looking up directly in the type Map
+         */
+        VALUE nType;
+        if ((nType = rb_hash_lookup(typeMap, name)) != Qnil && rb_obj_is_kind_of(nType, rbffi_TypeClass)) {
+            return nType;
+        }
+    } else if (rb_obj_is_kind_of(name, rbffi_TypeClass)) {
+    
+        return name;
+    }
+
+    /* Nothing found - let caller handle raising exceptions */
+    return Qnil;
+}
+
+/**
+ * rbffi_Type_Find() is like rbffi_Type_Lookup, but an error is raised if the
+ * type is not found.
+ */
+VALUE
+rbffi_Type_Find(VALUE name)
+{
+    VALUE rbType = rbffi_Type_Lookup(name);
+
+    if (!RTEST(rbType)) {
+        VALUE s = rb_inspect(name);
+        rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "invalid type, %s", RSTRING_PTR(s));
+        RB_GC_GUARD(s);
+    }
+
+    return rbType;
+}
+
+void
+rbffi_Type_Init(VALUE moduleFFI)
+{
+    /*
+     * Document-class: FFI::Type
+     * This class manages C types.
+     *
+     * It embbed {FFI::Type::Builtin} objects as constants (for names,
+     * see {FFI::NativeType}).
+     */
+    rbffi_TypeClass = rb_define_class_under(moduleFFI, "Type", rb_cObject);
+
+    /*
+     * Document-constant: FFI::TypeDefs
+     */
+    rb_define_const(moduleFFI, "TypeDefs", typeMap = rb_hash_new());
+    rb_define_const(moduleFFI, "SizeTypes", sizeMap = rb_hash_new());
+    rb_global_variable(&typeMap);
+    rb_global_variable(&sizeMap);
+    id_find_type = rb_intern("find_type");
+    id_type_size = rb_intern("type_size");
+    id_size = rb_intern("size");
+
+    /*
+     * Document-class: FFI::Type::Builtin
+     * Class for Built-in types.
+     */
+    classBuiltinType = rb_define_class_under(rbffi_TypeClass, "Builtin", rbffi_TypeClass);
+    /*
+     * Document-module: FFI::NativeType
+     * This module defines constants for native (C) types.
+     *
+     * ==Native type constants
+     * Native types are defined by constants :
+     * * INT8, SCHAR, CHAR
+     * * UINT8, UCHAR
+     * * INT16, SHORT, SSHORT
+     * * UINT16, USHORT
+     * * INT32,, INT, SINT
+     * * UINT32, UINT
+     * * INT64, LONG_LONG, SLONG_LONG
+     * * UINT64, ULONG_LONG
+     * * LONG, SLONG
+     * * ULONG
+     * * FLOAT32, FLOAT
+     * * FLOAT64, DOUBLE
+     * * POINTER
+     * * CALLBACK
+     * * FUNCTION
+     * * CHAR_ARRAY
+     * * BOOL
+     * * STRING (immutable string, nul terminated)
+     * * STRUCT (struct-b-value param or result)
+     * * ARRAY (array type definition)
+     * * MAPPED (custom native type)
+     * For function return type only :
+     * * VOID
+     * For function argument type only :
+     * * BUFFER_IN
+     * * BUFFER_OUT
+     * * VARARGS (function takes a variable number of arguments)
+     *
+     * All these constants are exported to {FFI} module prefixed with "TYPE_". 
+     * They are objets from {FFI::Type::Builtin} class.
+     */
+    moduleNativeType = rb_define_module_under(moduleFFI, "NativeType");
+
+    /*
+     * Document-global: FFI::Type
+     */
+    rb_global_variable(&rbffi_TypeClass);
+    rb_global_variable(&classBuiltinType);
+    rb_global_variable(&moduleNativeType);
+
+    rb_define_alloc_func(rbffi_TypeClass, type_allocate);
+    rb_define_method(rbffi_TypeClass, "initialize", type_initialize, 1);
+    rb_define_method(rbffi_TypeClass, "size", type_size, 0);
+    rb_define_method(rbffi_TypeClass, "alignment", type_alignment, 0);
+    rb_define_method(rbffi_TypeClass, "inspect", type_inspect, 0);
+
+    /* Make Type::Builtin non-allocatable */
+    rb_undef_method(CLASS_OF(classBuiltinType), "new");
+    rb_define_method(classBuiltinType, "inspect", builtin_type_inspect, 0);
+    
+    rb_global_variable(&rbffi_TypeClass);
+    rb_global_variable(&classBuiltinType);
+
+    /* Define all the builtin types */
+    #define T(x, ffiType) do { \
+        VALUE t = Qnil; \
+        rb_define_const(rbffi_TypeClass, #x, t = builtin_type_new(classBuiltinType, NATIVE_##x, ffiType, #x)); \
+        rb_define_const(moduleNativeType, #x, t); \
+        rb_define_const(moduleFFI, "TYPE_" #x, t); \
+    } while(0)
+
+    #define A(old_type, new_type) do { \
+        VALUE t = rb_const_get(rbffi_TypeClass, rb_intern(#old_type)); \
+        rb_const_set(rbffi_TypeClass, rb_intern(#new_type), t); \
+    } while(0)
+
+    /*
+     * Document-constant: FFI::Type::Builtin::VOID
+     */
+    T(VOID, &ffi_type_void);
+    T(INT8, &ffi_type_sint8);
+    A(INT8, SCHAR);
+    A(INT8, CHAR);
+    T(UINT8, &ffi_type_uint8);
+    A(UINT8, UCHAR);
+
+    T(INT16, &ffi_type_sint16);
+    A(INT16, SHORT);
+    A(INT16, SSHORT);
+    T(UINT16, &ffi_type_uint16);
+    A(UINT16, USHORT);
+    T(INT32, &ffi_type_sint32);
+    A(INT32, INT);
+    A(INT32, SINT);
+    T(UINT32, &ffi_type_uint32);
+    A(UINT32, UINT);
+    T(INT64, &ffi_type_sint64);
+    A(INT64, LONG_LONG);
+    A(INT64, SLONG_LONG);
+    T(UINT64, &ffi_type_uint64);
+    A(UINT64, ULONG_LONG);
+    T(LONG, &ffi_type_slong);
+    A(LONG, SLONG);
+    T(ULONG, &ffi_type_ulong);
+    T(FLOAT32, &ffi_type_float);
+    A(FLOAT32, FLOAT);
+    T(FLOAT64, &ffi_type_double);
+    A(FLOAT64, DOUBLE);
+    T(LONGDOUBLE, &ffi_type_longdouble);
+    T(POINTER, &ffi_type_pointer);
+    T(STRING, &ffi_type_pointer);
+    T(BUFFER_IN, &ffi_type_pointer);
+    T(BUFFER_OUT, &ffi_type_pointer);
+    T(BUFFER_INOUT, &ffi_type_pointer);
+    T(BOOL, &ffi_type_uchar);
+    T(VARARGS, &ffi_type_void);
+}
+
diff --git a/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/Type.h b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/Type.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d5522ee8a17673f560a25548bc2d2bbb40a731d9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/Type.h
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2009, Wayne Meissner
+ * Copyright (C) 2009 Luc Heinrich <luc@honk-honk.com>
+ *
+ * This file is part of ruby-ffi.
+ *
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+ *
+ * * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
+ *   list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ * * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice
+ *   this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+ *   and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ * * Neither the name of the Evan Phoenix nor the names of its contributors
+ *   may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+ *   without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
+ * AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+ * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
+ * DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+ * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+ * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
+ * SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER
+ * CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
+ * OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+ * OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ *
+ */
+
+#ifndef RBFFI_TYPE_H
+#define	RBFFI_TYPE_H
+
+#include <ruby.h>
+#include <ffi.h>
+
+#ifdef	__cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+typedef struct Type_ Type;
+
+#include "Types.h"
+    
+struct Type_ {
+    NativeType nativeType;
+    ffi_type* ffiType;
+};
+
+extern VALUE rbffi_TypeClass;
+extern VALUE rbffi_Type_Lookup(VALUE type);
+extern VALUE rbffi_Type_Find(VALUE type);
+
+#ifdef	__cplusplus
+}
+#endif
+
+#endif	/* RBFFI_TYPE_H */
+
diff --git a/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/Types.c b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/Types.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..bccf8943f1011c487fbc46a9f9a289ee60ba74b9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/Types.c
@@ -0,0 +1,139 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2009, Wayne Meissner
+ * Copyright (c) 2009, Luc Heinrich
+ * Copyright (c) 2009, Aman Gupta.
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2008-2013, Ruby FFI project contributors
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+ *     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ *     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *       documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ *     * Neither the name of the Ruby FFI project nor the
+ *       names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products
+ *       derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND
+ * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
+ * WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
+ * DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL <COPYRIGHT HOLDER> BE LIABLE FOR ANY
+ * DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
+ * (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
+ * LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND
+ * ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+ * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
+ * SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+#include <ruby.h>
+#include "Pointer.h"
+#include "rbffi.h"
+#include "Function.h"
+#include "StructByValue.h"
+#include "Types.h"
+#include "Struct.h"
+#include "MappedType.h"
+#include "MemoryPointer.h"
+#include "LongDouble.h"
+
+static ID id_from_native = 0;
+
+
+VALUE
+rbffi_NativeValue_ToRuby(Type* type, VALUE rbType, const void* ptr)
+{
+    switch (type->nativeType) {
+        case NATIVE_VOID:
+            return Qnil;
+        case NATIVE_INT8:
+          return INT2NUM((signed char) *(ffi_sarg *) ptr);
+        case NATIVE_INT16:
+          return INT2NUM((signed short) *(ffi_sarg *) ptr);
+        case NATIVE_INT32:
+          return INT2NUM((signed int) *(ffi_sarg *) ptr);
+        case NATIVE_LONG:
+            return LONG2NUM((signed long) *(ffi_sarg *) ptr);
+        case NATIVE_INT64:
+            return LL2NUM(*(signed long long *) ptr);
+
+        case NATIVE_UINT8:
+          return UINT2NUM((unsigned char) *(ffi_arg *) ptr);
+        case NATIVE_UINT16:
+          return UINT2NUM((unsigned short) *(ffi_arg *) ptr);
+        case NATIVE_UINT32:
+          return UINT2NUM((unsigned int) *(ffi_arg *) ptr);
+        case NATIVE_ULONG:
+            return ULONG2NUM((unsigned long) *(ffi_arg *) ptr);
+        case NATIVE_UINT64:
+            return ULL2NUM(*(unsigned long long *) ptr);
+
+        case NATIVE_FLOAT32:
+            return rb_float_new(*(float *) ptr);
+        case NATIVE_FLOAT64:
+            return rb_float_new(*(double *) ptr);
+
+        case NATIVE_LONGDOUBLE:
+	  return rbffi_longdouble_new(*(long double *) ptr);
+
+        case NATIVE_STRING:
+            return (*(void **) ptr != NULL) ? rb_tainted_str_new2(*(char **) ptr) : Qnil;
+        case NATIVE_POINTER:
+            return rbffi_Pointer_NewInstance(*(void **) ptr);
+        case NATIVE_BOOL:
+            return ((unsigned char) *(ffi_arg *) ptr) ? Qtrue : Qfalse;
+        
+        case NATIVE_FUNCTION:
+        case NATIVE_CALLBACK: {
+            return *(void **) ptr != NULL 
+                    ? rbffi_Function_NewInstance(rbType, rbffi_Pointer_NewInstance(*(void **) ptr))
+                    : Qnil;
+        }
+
+        case NATIVE_STRUCT: {
+            StructByValue* sbv = (StructByValue *)type;
+            AbstractMemory* mem;
+            VALUE rbMemory = rbffi_MemoryPointer_NewInstance(1, sbv->base.ffiType->size, false);
+
+            Data_Get_Struct(rbMemory, AbstractMemory, mem);
+            memcpy(mem->address, ptr, sbv->base.ffiType->size);
+            RB_GC_GUARD(rbMemory);
+            RB_GC_GUARD(rbType);
+
+            return rb_class_new_instance(1, &rbMemory, sbv->rbStructClass);
+        }
+
+        case NATIVE_MAPPED: {
+            /*
+             * For mapped types, first convert to the real native type, then upcall to
+             * ruby to convert to the expected return type
+             */
+            MappedType* m = (MappedType *) type;
+            VALUE values[2], rbReturnValue;
+
+            values[0] = rbffi_NativeValue_ToRuby(m->type, m->rbType, ptr);
+            values[1] = Qnil;
+            
+
+            rbReturnValue = rb_funcall2(m->rbConverter, id_from_native, 2, values);
+            RB_GC_GUARD(values[0]);
+            RB_GC_GUARD(rbType);
+            
+            return rbReturnValue;
+        }
+    
+        default:
+            rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "Unknown type: %d", type->nativeType);
+            return Qnil;
+    }
+}
+
+void
+rbffi_Types_Init(VALUE moduleFFI)
+{
+    id_from_native = rb_intern("from_native");
+}
+
diff --git a/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/Types.h b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/Types.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0d4806f85a89cd8d31df9a5f9a779eb4e54b4c6a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/Types.h
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2008, 2009, Wayne Meissner
+ * Copyright (c) 2009, Luc Heinrich <luc@honk-honk.com>
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2008-2013, Ruby FFI project contributors
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+ *     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ *     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *       documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ *     * Neither the name of the Ruby FFI project nor the
+ *       names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products
+ *       derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND
+ * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
+ * WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
+ * DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL <COPYRIGHT HOLDER> BE LIABLE FOR ANY
+ * DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
+ * (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
+ * LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND
+ * ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+ * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
+ * SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+#ifndef RBFFI_TYPES_H
+#define	RBFFI_TYPES_H
+
+#ifdef	__cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+typedef enum {
+    NATIVE_VOID,
+    NATIVE_INT8,
+    NATIVE_UINT8,
+    NATIVE_INT16,
+    NATIVE_UINT16,
+    NATIVE_INT32,
+    NATIVE_UINT32,
+    NATIVE_INT64,
+    NATIVE_UINT64,
+    NATIVE_LONG,
+    NATIVE_ULONG,
+    NATIVE_FLOAT32,
+    NATIVE_FLOAT64,
+    NATIVE_LONGDOUBLE,
+    NATIVE_POINTER,
+    NATIVE_CALLBACK,
+    NATIVE_FUNCTION,
+    NATIVE_BUFFER_IN,
+    NATIVE_BUFFER_OUT,
+    NATIVE_BUFFER_INOUT,
+    NATIVE_CHAR_ARRAY,
+    NATIVE_BOOL,
+    
+    /** An immutable string.  Nul terminated, but only copies in to the native function */
+    NATIVE_STRING,
+    
+    /** The function takes a variable number of arguments */
+    NATIVE_VARARGS,
+    
+    /** Struct-by-value param or result */
+    NATIVE_STRUCT,
+
+    /** An array type definition */
+    NATIVE_ARRAY,
+
+    /** Custom native type */
+    NATIVE_MAPPED,
+} NativeType;
+
+#include <ffi.h>
+#include "Type.h"
+
+VALUE rbffi_NativeValue_ToRuby(Type* type, VALUE rbType, const void* ptr);
+void rbffi_Types_Init(VALUE moduleFFI);
+
+#ifdef	__cplusplus
+}
+#endif
+
+#endif	/* RBFFI_TYPES_H */
+
diff --git a/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/Variadic.c b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/Variadic.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..877ffaba56f6bb220652a68386ce6fd963c2acac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/Variadic.c
@@ -0,0 +1,304 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2008-2010 Wayne Meissner
+ * Copyright (C) 2009 Andrea Fazzi <andrea.fazzi@alcacoop.it>
+ * Copyright (c) 2008-2013, Ruby FFI project contributors
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+ *     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ *     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *       documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ *     * Neither the name of the Ruby FFI project nor the
+ *       names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products
+ *       derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND
+ * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
+ * WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
+ * DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL <COPYRIGHT HOLDER> BE LIABLE FOR ANY
+ * DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
+ * (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
+ * LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND
+ * ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+ * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
+ * SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+#ifndef _MSC_VER
+#include <sys/param.h>
+#endif
+#include <sys/types.h>
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#ifndef _MSC_VER
+# include <stdint.h>
+# include <stdbool.h>
+#else
+# include "win32/stdbool.h"
+# include "win32/stdint.h"
+#endif
+#include <ruby.h>
+
+#include <ffi.h>
+#include "rbffi.h"
+#include "compat.h"
+
+#include "AbstractMemory.h"
+#include "Pointer.h"
+#include "Types.h"
+#include "Type.h"
+#include "LastError.h"
+#include "MethodHandle.h"
+#include "Call.h"
+#include "Thread.h"
+
+typedef struct VariadicInvoker_ {
+    VALUE rbAddress;
+    VALUE rbReturnType;
+    VALUE rbEnums;
+
+    Type* returnType;
+    ffi_abi abi;
+    void* function;
+    int paramCount;
+    bool blocking;
+} VariadicInvoker;
+
+
+static VALUE variadic_allocate(VALUE klass);
+static VALUE variadic_initialize(VALUE self, VALUE rbFunction, VALUE rbParameterTypes,
+        VALUE rbReturnType, VALUE options);
+static void variadic_mark(VariadicInvoker *);
+
+static VALUE classVariadicInvoker = Qnil;
+
+
+static VALUE
+variadic_allocate(VALUE klass)
+{
+    VariadicInvoker *invoker;
+    VALUE obj = Data_Make_Struct(klass, VariadicInvoker, variadic_mark, -1, invoker);
+
+    invoker->rbAddress = Qnil;
+    invoker->rbEnums = Qnil;
+    invoker->rbReturnType = Qnil;
+    invoker->blocking = false;
+
+    return obj;
+}
+
+static void
+variadic_mark(VariadicInvoker *invoker)
+{
+    rb_gc_mark(invoker->rbEnums);
+    rb_gc_mark(invoker->rbAddress);
+    rb_gc_mark(invoker->rbReturnType);
+}
+
+static VALUE
+variadic_initialize(VALUE self, VALUE rbFunction, VALUE rbParameterTypes, VALUE rbReturnType, VALUE options)
+{
+    VariadicInvoker* invoker = NULL;
+    VALUE retval = Qnil;
+    VALUE convention = Qnil;
+    VALUE fixed = Qnil;
+#if defined(X86_WIN32)
+    VALUE rbConventionStr;
+#endif
+    int i;
+
+    Check_Type(options, T_HASH);
+    convention = rb_hash_aref(options, ID2SYM(rb_intern("convention")));
+
+    Data_Get_Struct(self, VariadicInvoker, invoker);
+    invoker->rbEnums = rb_hash_aref(options, ID2SYM(rb_intern("enums")));
+    invoker->rbAddress = rbFunction;
+    invoker->function = rbffi_AbstractMemory_Cast(rbFunction, rbffi_PointerClass)->address;
+    invoker->blocking = RTEST(rb_hash_aref(options, ID2SYM(rb_intern("blocking"))));
+
+#if defined(X86_WIN32)
+    rbConventionStr = rb_funcall2(convention, rb_intern("to_s"), 0, NULL);
+    invoker->abi = (RTEST(convention) && strcmp(StringValueCStr(rbConventionStr), "stdcall") == 0)
+            ? FFI_STDCALL : FFI_DEFAULT_ABI;
+#else
+    invoker->abi = FFI_DEFAULT_ABI;
+#endif
+
+    invoker->rbReturnType = rbffi_Type_Lookup(rbReturnType);
+    if (!RTEST(invoker->rbReturnType)) {
+        VALUE typeName = rb_funcall2(rbReturnType, rb_intern("inspect"), 0, NULL);
+        rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "Invalid return type (%s)", RSTRING_PTR(typeName));
+    }
+
+    Data_Get_Struct(rbReturnType, Type, invoker->returnType);
+
+    invoker->paramCount = -1;
+
+    fixed = rb_ary_new2(RARRAY_LEN(rbParameterTypes) - 1);
+    for (i = 0; i < RARRAY_LEN(rbParameterTypes); ++i) {
+        VALUE entry = rb_ary_entry(rbParameterTypes, i);
+        VALUE rbType = rbffi_Type_Lookup(entry);
+        Type* type;
+
+        if (!RTEST(rbType)) {
+            VALUE typeName = rb_funcall2(entry, rb_intern("inspect"), 0, NULL);
+            rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "Invalid parameter type (%s)", RSTRING_PTR(typeName));
+        }
+        Data_Get_Struct(rbType, Type, type);
+        if (type->nativeType != NATIVE_VARARGS) {
+            rb_ary_push(fixed, entry);
+        }
+    }
+    /*
+     * @fixed and @type_map are used by the parameter mangling ruby code
+     */
+    rb_iv_set(self, "@fixed", fixed);
+    rb_iv_set(self, "@type_map", rb_hash_aref(options, ID2SYM(rb_intern("type_map"))));
+
+    return retval;
+}
+
+static VALUE
+variadic_invoke(VALUE self, VALUE parameterTypes, VALUE parameterValues)
+{
+    VariadicInvoker* invoker;
+    FFIStorage* params;
+    void* retval;
+    ffi_cif cif;
+    void** ffiValues;
+    ffi_type** ffiParamTypes;
+    ffi_type* ffiReturnType;
+    Type** paramTypes;
+    VALUE* argv;
+    int paramCount = 0, fixedCount = 0, i;
+    ffi_status ffiStatus;
+    rbffi_frame_t frame = { 0 };
+
+    Check_Type(parameterTypes, T_ARRAY);
+    Check_Type(parameterValues, T_ARRAY);
+
+    Data_Get_Struct(self, VariadicInvoker, invoker);
+    paramCount = (int) RARRAY_LEN(parameterTypes);
+    paramTypes = ALLOCA_N(Type *, paramCount);
+    ffiParamTypes = ALLOCA_N(ffi_type *, paramCount);
+    params = ALLOCA_N(FFIStorage, paramCount);
+    ffiValues = ALLOCA_N(void*, paramCount);
+    argv = ALLOCA_N(VALUE, paramCount);
+    retval = alloca(MAX(invoker->returnType->ffiType->size, FFI_SIZEOF_ARG));
+
+    for (i = 0; i < paramCount; ++i) {
+        VALUE rbType = rb_ary_entry(parameterTypes, i);
+        
+        if (!rb_obj_is_kind_of(rbType, rbffi_TypeClass)) {
+            rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "wrong type.  Expected (FFI::Type)");
+        }
+        Data_Get_Struct(rbType, Type, paramTypes[i]);
+
+        switch (paramTypes[i]->nativeType) {
+            case NATIVE_INT8:
+            case NATIVE_INT16:
+            case NATIVE_INT32:
+                rbType = rb_const_get(rbffi_TypeClass, rb_intern("INT32"));
+                Data_Get_Struct(rbType, Type, paramTypes[i]);
+                break;
+            case NATIVE_UINT8:
+            case NATIVE_UINT16:
+            case NATIVE_UINT32:
+                rbType = rb_const_get(rbffi_TypeClass, rb_intern("UINT32"));
+                Data_Get_Struct(rbType, Type, paramTypes[i]);
+                break;
+            
+            case NATIVE_FLOAT32:
+                rbType = rb_const_get(rbffi_TypeClass, rb_intern("DOUBLE"));
+                Data_Get_Struct(rbType, Type, paramTypes[i]);
+                break;
+
+            default:
+                break;
+        }
+        
+        
+        ffiParamTypes[i] = paramTypes[i]->ffiType;
+        if (ffiParamTypes[i] == NULL) {
+            rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "Invalid parameter type #%x", paramTypes[i]->nativeType);
+        }
+        argv[i] = rb_ary_entry(parameterValues, i);
+    }
+
+    ffiReturnType = invoker->returnType->ffiType;
+    if (ffiReturnType == NULL) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "Invalid return type");
+    }
+
+    /*Get the number of fixed args from @fixed array*/
+    fixedCount = RARRAY_LEN(rb_iv_get(self, "@fixed"));
+
+#ifdef HAVE_FFI_PREP_CIF_VAR
+    ffiStatus = ffi_prep_cif_var(&cif, invoker->abi, fixedCount, paramCount, ffiReturnType, ffiParamTypes);
+#else
+    ffiStatus = ffi_prep_cif(&cif, invoker->abi, paramCount, ffiReturnType, ffiParamTypes);
+#endif
+    switch (ffiStatus) {
+        case FFI_BAD_ABI:
+            rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "Invalid ABI specified");
+        case FFI_BAD_TYPEDEF:
+            rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "Invalid argument type specified");
+        case FFI_OK:
+            break;
+        default:
+            rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "Unknown FFI error");
+    }
+
+    rbffi_SetupCallParams(paramCount, argv, -1, paramTypes, params,
+        ffiValues, NULL, 0, invoker->rbEnums);
+    
+    rbffi_frame_push(&frame);
+#ifdef HAVE_RB_THREAD_CALL_WITHOUT_GVL
+    /* In Call.c, blocking: true is supported on older ruby variants
+     * without rb_thread_call_without_gvl by allocating on the heap instead
+     * of the stack. Since this functionality is being added later,
+     * we’re skipping support for old rubies here. */
+    if(unlikely(invoker->blocking)) {
+        rbffi_blocking_call_t* bc;
+        bc = ALLOCA_N(rbffi_blocking_call_t, 1);
+        bc->retval = retval;
+        bc->function = invoker->function;
+        bc->ffiValues = ffiValues;
+        bc->params = params;
+        bc->frame = &frame;
+        bc->cif = cif;
+
+        rb_rescue2(rbffi_do_blocking_call, (VALUE) bc, rbffi_save_frame_exception, (VALUE) &frame, rb_eException, (VALUE) 0);
+    } else {
+        ffi_call(&cif, FFI_FN(invoker->function), retval, ffiValues);
+    }
+#else
+    ffi_call(&cif, FFI_FN(invoker->function), retval, ffiValues);
+#endif
+    rbffi_frame_pop(&frame);
+    
+    rbffi_save_errno();
+    
+    if (RTEST(frame.exc) && frame.exc != Qnil) {
+        rb_exc_raise(frame.exc);
+    }
+
+    return rbffi_NativeValue_ToRuby(invoker->returnType, invoker->rbReturnType, retval);
+}
+
+
+void
+rbffi_Variadic_Init(VALUE moduleFFI)
+{
+    classVariadicInvoker = rb_define_class_under(moduleFFI, "VariadicInvoker", rb_cObject);
+    rb_global_variable(&classVariadicInvoker);
+
+    rb_define_alloc_func(classVariadicInvoker, variadic_allocate);
+
+    rb_define_method(classVariadicInvoker, "initialize", variadic_initialize, 4);
+    rb_define_method(classVariadicInvoker, "invoke", variadic_invoke, 2);
+}
+
diff --git a/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/compat.h b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/compat.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a4dfc08516a141d4dfb5011c758503cb57fae03c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/compat.h
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2008, 2009, Wayne Meissner
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2008-2013, Ruby FFI project contributors
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+ *     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ *     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *       documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ *     * Neither the name of the Ruby FFI project nor the
+ *       names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products
+ *       derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND
+ * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
+ * WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
+ * DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL <COPYRIGHT HOLDER> BE LIABLE FOR ANY
+ * DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
+ * (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
+ * LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND
+ * ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+ * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
+ * SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+#ifndef RBFFI_COMPAT_H
+#define RBFFI_COMPAT_H
+
+#include <ruby.h>
+
+#ifndef RARRAY_LEN
+#  define RARRAY_LEN(ary) RARRAY(ary)->len
+#endif
+
+#ifndef RARRAY_PTR
+#  define RARRAY_PTR(ary) RARRAY(ary)->ptr
+#endif
+
+#ifndef RSTRING_LEN
+#  define RSTRING_LEN(s) RSTRING(s)->len
+#endif
+
+#ifndef RSTRING_PTR
+#  define RSTRING_PTR(s) RSTRING(s)->ptr
+#endif
+
+#ifndef NUM2ULL
+#  define NUM2ULL(x) rb_num2ull((VALUE)x)
+#endif
+
+#ifndef roundup
+#  define roundup(x, y)   ((((x)+((y)-1))/(y))*(y))
+#endif
+
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+#  define likely(x) __builtin_expect((x), 1)
+#  define unlikely(x) __builtin_expect((x), 0)
+#else
+#  define likely(x) (x)
+#  define unlikely(x) (x)
+#endif
+
+#ifndef MAX
+#  define MAX(a, b) ((a) < (b) ? (b) : (a))
+#endif
+#ifndef MIN
+#  define MIN(a, b) ((a) < (b) ? (a) : (b))
+#endif
+
+#ifndef RB_GC_GUARD
+#  define RB_GC_GUARD(x) (x)
+#endif
+
+#endif /* RBFFI_COMPAT_H */
diff --git a/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/extconf.h b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/extconf.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..35d51402f6a70d1b96395e9a30b70bf714ff3538
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/extconf.h
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+#ifndef EXTCONF_H
+#define EXTCONF_H
+#define HAVE_RUBY_THREAD_H 1
+#define HAVE_RB_THREAD_CALL_WITH_GVL 1
+#define HAVE_RB_THREAD_CALL_WITHOUT_GVL 1
+#define HAVE_FFI_PREP_CIF_VAR 1
+#define USE_INTERNAL_LIBFFI 1
+#define RUBY_1_9 1
+#endif
diff --git a/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/extconf.rb b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/extconf.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..45ab9770ff77c8cc9f086e85ccd1278d590b0f51
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/extconf.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env ruby
+
+if !defined?(RUBY_ENGINE) || RUBY_ENGINE == 'ruby' || RUBY_ENGINE == 'rbx'
+  require 'mkmf'
+  require 'rbconfig'
+  dir_config("ffi_c")
+
+  # recent versions of ruby add restrictive ansi and warning flags on a whim - kill them all
+  $warnflags = ''
+  $CFLAGS.gsub!(/[\s+]-ansi/, '')
+  $CFLAGS.gsub!(/[\s+]-std=[^\s]+/, '')
+  # solaris 10 needs -c99 for <stdbool.h>
+  $CFLAGS << " -std=c99" if RbConfig::CONFIG['host_os'] =~ /solaris(!?2\.11)/
+
+  if ENV['RUBY_CC_VERSION'].nil? && (pkg_config("libffi") ||
+     have_header("ffi.h") ||
+     find_header("ffi.h", "/usr/local/include", "/usr/include/ffi"))
+
+    # We need at least ffi_call and ffi_closure_alloc
+    libffi_ok = have_library("ffi", "ffi_call", [ "ffi.h" ]) ||
+                have_library("libffi", "ffi_call", [ "ffi.h" ])
+    libffi_ok &&= have_func("ffi_closure_alloc")
+
+    # Check if the raw api is available.
+    $defs << "-DHAVE_RAW_API" if have_func("ffi_raw_call") && have_func("ffi_prep_raw_closure")
+  end
+
+  have_header('shlwapi.h')
+  have_header('ruby/thread.h') # for compat with ruby < 2.0
+  have_func('rb_thread_blocking_region')
+  have_func('rb_thread_call_with_gvl')
+  have_func('rb_thread_call_without_gvl')
+
+  if libffi_ok
+    have_func('ffi_prep_cif_var')
+  else
+    $defs << "-DHAVE_FFI_PREP_CIF_VAR"
+  end
+
+  $defs << "-DHAVE_EXTCONF_H" if $defs.empty? # needed so create_header works
+  $defs << "-DUSE_INTERNAL_LIBFFI" unless libffi_ok
+  $defs << "-DRUBY_1_9" if RUBY_VERSION >= "1.9.0"
+  $defs << "-DFFI_BUILDING" if RbConfig::CONFIG['host_os'] =~ /mswin/ # for compatibility with newer libffi
+
+  create_header
+  
+  $LOCAL_LIBS << " ./libffi/.libs/libffi_convenience.lib" if !libffi_ok && RbConfig::CONFIG['host_os'] =~ /mswin/
+
+  create_makefile("ffi_c")
+  unless libffi_ok
+    File.open("Makefile", "a") do |mf|
+      mf.puts "LIBFFI_HOST=--host=#{RbConfig::CONFIG['host_alias']}" if RbConfig::CONFIG.has_key?("host_alias")
+      if RbConfig::CONFIG['host_os'].downcase =~ /darwin/
+        mf.puts "include ${srcdir}/libffi.darwin.mk"
+      elsif RbConfig::CONFIG['host_os'].downcase =~ /bsd/
+        mf.puts '.include "${srcdir}/libffi.bsd.mk"'
+      elsif RbConfig::CONFIG['host_os'].downcase =~ /mswin64/
+        mf.puts '!include $(srcdir)/libffi.vc64.mk'
+      elsif RbConfig::CONFIG['host_os'].downcase =~ /mswin32/
+        mf.puts '!include $(srcdir)/libffi.vc.mk'
+      else
+        mf.puts "include ${srcdir}/libffi.mk"
+      end
+    end
+  end
+  
+else
+  File.open("Makefile", "w") do |mf|
+    mf.puts "# Dummy makefile for non-mri rubies"
+    mf.puts "all install::\n"
+  end
+end
diff --git a/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/ffi.c b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/ffi.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ea9a0587614460136610c27b7f655a0b1cf588f6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/ffi.c
@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2008, 2009, Wayne Meissner
+ * Copyright (C) 2009 Luc Heinrich <luc@honk-honk.com>
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2008-2013, Ruby FFI project contributors
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+ *     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ *     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *       documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ *     * Neither the name of the Ruby FFI project nor the
+ *       names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products
+ *       derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND
+ * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
+ * WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
+ * DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL <COPYRIGHT HOLDER> BE LIABLE FOR ANY
+ * DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
+ * (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
+ * LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND
+ * ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+ * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
+ * SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <ruby.h>
+
+#include <ffi.h>
+
+#include "rbffi.h"
+#include "AbstractMemory.h"
+#include "Pointer.h"
+#include "MemoryPointer.h"
+#include "Struct.h"
+#include "StructByValue.h"
+#include "StructByReference.h"
+#include "DynamicLibrary.h"
+#include "Platform.h"
+#include "Types.h"
+#include "LastError.h"
+#include "Function.h"
+#include "ClosurePool.h"
+#include "MethodHandle.h"
+#include "Call.h"
+#include "ArrayType.h"
+#include "MappedType.h"
+
+void Init_ffi_c(void);
+
+VALUE rbffi_FFIModule = Qnil;
+
+static VALUE moduleFFI = Qnil;
+
+void
+Init_ffi_c(void) 
+{
+    /* 
+     * Document-module: FFI
+     *
+     * This module embbed type constants from {FFI::NativeType}.
+     */
+    rbffi_FFIModule = moduleFFI = rb_define_module("FFI");
+    rb_global_variable(&rbffi_FFIModule);
+
+    rbffi_Thread_Init(rbffi_FFIModule);
+    
+    /* FFI::Type needs to be initialized before most other classes */
+    rbffi_Type_Init(moduleFFI);
+
+    rbffi_DataConverter_Init(moduleFFI);
+
+    rbffi_ArrayType_Init(moduleFFI);
+    rbffi_LastError_Init(moduleFFI);
+    rbffi_Call_Init(moduleFFI);
+    rbffi_ClosurePool_Init(moduleFFI);
+    rbffi_MethodHandle_Init(moduleFFI);
+    rbffi_Platform_Init(moduleFFI);
+    rbffi_AbstractMemory_Init(moduleFFI);
+    rbffi_Pointer_Init(moduleFFI);
+    rbffi_Function_Init(moduleFFI);
+    rbffi_MemoryPointer_Init(moduleFFI);
+    rbffi_Buffer_Init(moduleFFI);
+    rbffi_StructByValue_Init(moduleFFI);
+    rbffi_StructByReference_Init(moduleFFI);
+    rbffi_Struct_Init(moduleFFI);
+    rbffi_DynamicLibrary_Init(moduleFFI);
+    rbffi_Variadic_Init(moduleFFI);
+    rbffi_Types_Init(moduleFFI);
+    rbffi_MappedType_Init(moduleFFI);
+}
+
diff --git a/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/ffi_c.bundle b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/ffi_c.bundle
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e9433c468a53a6326142bfca1a84ee42297e9710
Binary files /dev/null and b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/ffi_c.bundle differ
diff --git a/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/libffi-universal-darwin18/.libs/libffi.7.dylib b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/libffi-universal-darwin18/.libs/libffi.7.dylib
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8dc33a4c75bbc6943ff9c08a601311e228a23a6b
Binary files /dev/null and b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/libffi-universal-darwin18/.libs/libffi.7.dylib differ
diff --git a/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/libffi-universal-darwin18/.libs/libffi.dylib b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/libffi-universal-darwin18/.libs/libffi.dylib
new file mode 120000
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..04debe8fe0f5d11dd750872dc94c46dc323b5a9d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/libffi-universal-darwin18/.libs/libffi.dylib
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+libffi.7.dylib
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/libffi-universal-darwin18/.libs/libffi.la b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/libffi-universal-darwin18/.libs/libffi.la
new file mode 120000
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..004dbb5d10a9c8cd7808870bc2437378fe26528d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/libffi-universal-darwin18/.libs/libffi.la
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+../libffi.la
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/libffi-universal-darwin18/.libs/libffi.lai b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/libffi-universal-darwin18/.libs/libffi.lai
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d720fef1cc42b888931f4b8eca740d15d3f7cdb2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/libffi-universal-darwin18/.libs/libffi.lai
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+# libffi.la - a libtool library file
+# Generated by libtool (GNU libtool) 2.4.6 Debian-2.4.6-2
+#
+# Please DO NOT delete this file!
+# It is necessary for linking the library.
+
+# The name that we can dlopen(3).
+dlname='libffi.7.dylib'
+
+# Names of this library.
+library_names='libffi.7.dylib libffi.dylib'
+
+# The name of the static archive.
+old_library=''
+
+# Linker flags that cannot go in dependency_libs.
+inherited_linker_flags=' '
+
+# Libraries that this one depends upon.
+dependency_libs=''
+
+# Names of additional weak libraries provided by this library
+weak_library_names=''
+
+# Version information for libffi.
+current=8
+age=1
+revision=0
+
+# Is this an already installed library?
+installed=yes
+
+# Should we warn about portability when linking against -modules?
+shouldnotlink=no
+
+# Files to dlopen/dlpreopen
+dlopen=''
+dlpreopen=''
+
+# Directory that this library needs to be installed in:
+libdir='/usr/local/lib'
diff --git a/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/libffi-universal-darwin18/.libs/libffi_convenience.la b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/libffi-universal-darwin18/.libs/libffi_convenience.la
new file mode 120000
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0727452facd922f90a9b944245bd729af34ce3c5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/libffi-universal-darwin18/.libs/libffi_convenience.la
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+../libffi_convenience.la
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/libffi-universal-darwin18/Makefile b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/libffi-universal-darwin18/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7e46b90d3a54ce7f53c2f707cd6f4d5823fe69e0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/libffi-universal-darwin18/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,1809 @@
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+# Makefile.  Generated from Makefile.in by configure.
+
+# Copyright (C) 1994-2014 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This Makefile.in is free software; the Free Software Foundation
+# gives unlimited permission to copy and/or distribute it,
+# with or without modifications, as long as this notice is preserved.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law; without
+# even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A
+# PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+
+
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+  sane_makeflags=$$MAKEFLAGS; \
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+am__cd = CDPATH="$${ZSH_VERSION+.}$(PATH_SEPARATOR)" && cd
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+NORMAL_INSTALL = :
+PRE_INSTALL = :
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+$(srcdir)/Makefile.in: # $(srcdir)/Makefile.am  $(am__configure_deps)
+	@for dep in $?; do \
+	  case '$(am__configure_deps)' in \
+	    *$$dep*) \
+	      echo ' cd $(srcdir) && $(AUTOMAKE) --foreign'; \
+	      $(am__cd) $(srcdir) && $(AUTOMAKE) --foreign \
+		&& exit 0; \
+	      exit 1;; \
+	  esac; \
+	done; \
+	echo ' cd $(top_srcdir) && $(AUTOMAKE) --foreign Makefile'; \
+	$(am__cd) $(top_srcdir) && \
+	  $(AUTOMAKE) --foreign Makefile
+Makefile: $(srcdir)/Makefile.in $(top_builddir)/config.status
+	@case '$?' in \
+	  *config.status*) \
+	    echo ' $(SHELL) ./config.status'; \
+	    $(SHELL) ./config.status;; \
+	  *) \
+	    echo ' cd $(top_builddir) && $(SHELL) ./config.status $@ $(am__depfiles_maybe)'; \
+	    cd $(top_builddir) && $(SHELL) ./config.status $@ $(am__depfiles_maybe);; \
+	esac;
+
+$(top_builddir)/config.status: $(top_srcdir)/configure $(CONFIG_STATUS_DEPENDENCIES)
+	$(SHELL) ./config.status --recheck
+
+$(top_srcdir)/configure: # $(am__configure_deps)
+	$(am__cd) $(srcdir) && $(AUTOCONF)
+$(ACLOCAL_M4): # $(am__aclocal_m4_deps)
+	$(am__cd) $(srcdir) && $(ACLOCAL) $(ACLOCAL_AMFLAGS)
+$(am__aclocal_m4_deps):
+
+fficonfig.h: stamp-h1
+	@test -f $@ || rm -f stamp-h1
+	@test -f $@ || $(MAKE) $(AM_MAKEFLAGS) stamp-h1
+
+stamp-h1: $(srcdir)/fficonfig.h.in $(top_builddir)/config.status
+	@rm -f stamp-h1
+	cd $(top_builddir) && $(SHELL) ./config.status fficonfig.h
+$(srcdir)/fficonfig.h.in: # $(am__configure_deps) 
+	($(am__cd) $(top_srcdir) && $(AUTOHEADER))
+	rm -f stamp-h1
+	touch $@
+
+distclean-hdr:
+	-rm -f fficonfig.h stamp-h1
+libffi.pc: $(top_builddir)/config.status $(srcdir)/libffi.pc.in
+	cd $(top_builddir) && $(SHELL) ./config.status $@
+
+clean-noinstLTLIBRARIES:
+	-test -z "$(noinst_LTLIBRARIES)" || rm -f $(noinst_LTLIBRARIES)
+	@list='$(noinst_LTLIBRARIES)'; \
+	locs=`for p in $$list; do echo $$p; done | \
+	      sed 's|^[^/]*$$|.|; s|/[^/]*$$||; s|$$|/so_locations|' | \
+	      sort -u`; \
+	test -z "$$locs" || { \
+	  echo rm -f $${locs}; \
+	  rm -f $${locs}; \
+	}
+
+install-toolexeclibLTLIBRARIES: $(toolexeclib_LTLIBRARIES)
+	@$(NORMAL_INSTALL)
+	@list='$(toolexeclib_LTLIBRARIES)'; test -n "$(toolexeclibdir)" || list=; \
+	list2=; for p in $$list; do \
+	  if test -f $$p; then \
+	    list2="$$list2 $$p"; \
+	  else :; fi; \
+	done; \
+	test -z "$$list2" || { \
+	  echo " $(MKDIR_P) '$(DESTDIR)$(toolexeclibdir)'"; \
+	  $(MKDIR_P) "$(DESTDIR)$(toolexeclibdir)" || exit 1; \
+	  echo " $(LIBTOOL) $(AM_LIBTOOLFLAGS) $(LIBTOOLFLAGS) --mode=install $(INSTALL) $(INSTALL_STRIP_FLAG) $$list2 '$(DESTDIR)$(toolexeclibdir)'"; \
+	  $(LIBTOOL) $(AM_LIBTOOLFLAGS) $(LIBTOOLFLAGS) --mode=install $(INSTALL) $(INSTALL_STRIP_FLAG) $$list2 "$(DESTDIR)$(toolexeclibdir)"; \
+	}
+
+uninstall-toolexeclibLTLIBRARIES:
+	@$(NORMAL_UNINSTALL)
+	@list='$(toolexeclib_LTLIBRARIES)'; test -n "$(toolexeclibdir)" || list=; \
+	for p in $$list; do \
+	  $(am__strip_dir) \
+	  echo " $(LIBTOOL) $(AM_LIBTOOLFLAGS) $(LIBTOOLFLAGS) --mode=uninstall rm -f '$(DESTDIR)$(toolexeclibdir)/$$f'"; \
+	  $(LIBTOOL) $(AM_LIBTOOLFLAGS) $(LIBTOOLFLAGS) --mode=uninstall rm -f "$(DESTDIR)$(toolexeclibdir)/$$f"; \
+	done
+
+clean-toolexeclibLTLIBRARIES:
+	-test -z "$(toolexeclib_LTLIBRARIES)" || rm -f $(toolexeclib_LTLIBRARIES)
+	@list='$(toolexeclib_LTLIBRARIES)'; \
+	locs=`for p in $$list; do echo $$p; done | \
+	      sed 's|^[^/]*$$|.|; s|/[^/]*$$||; s|$$|/so_locations|' | \
+	      sort -u`; \
+	test -z "$$locs" || { \
+	  echo rm -f $${locs}; \
+	  rm -f $${locs}; \
+	}
+src/$(am__dirstamp):
+	@$(MKDIR_P) src
+	@: > src/$(am__dirstamp)
+src/$(DEPDIR)/$(am__dirstamp):
+	@$(MKDIR_P) src/$(DEPDIR)
+	@: > src/$(DEPDIR)/$(am__dirstamp)
+src/prep_cif.lo: src/$(am__dirstamp) src/$(DEPDIR)/$(am__dirstamp)
+src/types.lo: src/$(am__dirstamp) src/$(DEPDIR)/$(am__dirstamp)
+src/raw_api.lo: src/$(am__dirstamp) src/$(DEPDIR)/$(am__dirstamp)
+src/java_raw_api.lo: src/$(am__dirstamp) src/$(DEPDIR)/$(am__dirstamp)
+src/closures.lo: src/$(am__dirstamp) src/$(DEPDIR)/$(am__dirstamp)
+src/debug.lo: src/$(am__dirstamp) src/$(DEPDIR)/$(am__dirstamp)
+src/aarch64/$(am__dirstamp):
+	@$(MKDIR_P) src/aarch64
+	@: > src/aarch64/$(am__dirstamp)
+src/aarch64/$(DEPDIR)/$(am__dirstamp):
+	@$(MKDIR_P) src/aarch64/$(DEPDIR)
+	@: > src/aarch64/$(DEPDIR)/$(am__dirstamp)
+src/aarch64/ffi.lo: src/aarch64/$(am__dirstamp) \
+	src/aarch64/$(DEPDIR)/$(am__dirstamp)
+src/aarch64/sysv.lo: src/aarch64/$(am__dirstamp) \
+	src/aarch64/$(DEPDIR)/$(am__dirstamp)
+src/alpha/$(am__dirstamp):
+	@$(MKDIR_P) src/alpha
+	@: > src/alpha/$(am__dirstamp)
+src/alpha/$(DEPDIR)/$(am__dirstamp):
+	@$(MKDIR_P) src/alpha/$(DEPDIR)
+	@: > src/alpha/$(DEPDIR)/$(am__dirstamp)
+src/alpha/ffi.lo: src/alpha/$(am__dirstamp) \
+	src/alpha/$(DEPDIR)/$(am__dirstamp)
+src/alpha/osf.lo: src/alpha/$(am__dirstamp) \
+	src/alpha/$(DEPDIR)/$(am__dirstamp)
+src/arc/$(am__dirstamp):
+	@$(MKDIR_P) src/arc
+	@: > src/arc/$(am__dirstamp)
+src/arc/$(DEPDIR)/$(am__dirstamp):
+	@$(MKDIR_P) src/arc/$(DEPDIR)
+	@: > src/arc/$(DEPDIR)/$(am__dirstamp)
+src/arc/ffi.lo: src/arc/$(am__dirstamp) \
+	src/arc/$(DEPDIR)/$(am__dirstamp)
+src/arc/arcompact.lo: src/arc/$(am__dirstamp) \
+	src/arc/$(DEPDIR)/$(am__dirstamp)
+src/arm/$(am__dirstamp):
+	@$(MKDIR_P) src/arm
+	@: > src/arm/$(am__dirstamp)
+src/arm/$(DEPDIR)/$(am__dirstamp):
+	@$(MKDIR_P) src/arm/$(DEPDIR)
+	@: > src/arm/$(DEPDIR)/$(am__dirstamp)
+src/arm/ffi.lo: src/arm/$(am__dirstamp) \
+	src/arm/$(DEPDIR)/$(am__dirstamp)
+src/arm/sysv.lo: src/arm/$(am__dirstamp) \
+	src/arm/$(DEPDIR)/$(am__dirstamp)
+src/avr32/$(am__dirstamp):
+	@$(MKDIR_P) src/avr32
+	@: > src/avr32/$(am__dirstamp)
+src/avr32/$(DEPDIR)/$(am__dirstamp):
+	@$(MKDIR_P) src/avr32/$(DEPDIR)
+	@: > src/avr32/$(DEPDIR)/$(am__dirstamp)
+src/avr32/ffi.lo: src/avr32/$(am__dirstamp) \
+	src/avr32/$(DEPDIR)/$(am__dirstamp)
+src/avr32/sysv.lo: src/avr32/$(am__dirstamp) \
+	src/avr32/$(DEPDIR)/$(am__dirstamp)
+src/bfin/$(am__dirstamp):
+	@$(MKDIR_P) src/bfin
+	@: > src/bfin/$(am__dirstamp)
+src/bfin/$(DEPDIR)/$(am__dirstamp):
+	@$(MKDIR_P) src/bfin/$(DEPDIR)
+	@: > src/bfin/$(DEPDIR)/$(am__dirstamp)
+src/bfin/ffi.lo: src/bfin/$(am__dirstamp) \
+	src/bfin/$(DEPDIR)/$(am__dirstamp)
+src/bfin/sysv.lo: src/bfin/$(am__dirstamp) \
+	src/bfin/$(DEPDIR)/$(am__dirstamp)
+src/cris/$(am__dirstamp):
+	@$(MKDIR_P) src/cris
+	@: > src/cris/$(am__dirstamp)
+src/cris/$(DEPDIR)/$(am__dirstamp):
+	@$(MKDIR_P) src/cris/$(DEPDIR)
+	@: > src/cris/$(DEPDIR)/$(am__dirstamp)
+src/cris/ffi.lo: src/cris/$(am__dirstamp) \
+	src/cris/$(DEPDIR)/$(am__dirstamp)
+src/cris/sysv.lo: src/cris/$(am__dirstamp) \
+	src/cris/$(DEPDIR)/$(am__dirstamp)
+src/frv/$(am__dirstamp):
+	@$(MKDIR_P) src/frv
+	@: > src/frv/$(am__dirstamp)
+src/frv/$(DEPDIR)/$(am__dirstamp):
+	@$(MKDIR_P) src/frv/$(DEPDIR)
+	@: > src/frv/$(DEPDIR)/$(am__dirstamp)
+src/frv/ffi.lo: src/frv/$(am__dirstamp) \
+	src/frv/$(DEPDIR)/$(am__dirstamp)
+src/frv/eabi.lo: src/frv/$(am__dirstamp) \
+	src/frv/$(DEPDIR)/$(am__dirstamp)
+src/ia64/$(am__dirstamp):
+	@$(MKDIR_P) src/ia64
+	@: > src/ia64/$(am__dirstamp)
+src/ia64/$(DEPDIR)/$(am__dirstamp):
+	@$(MKDIR_P) src/ia64/$(DEPDIR)
+	@: > src/ia64/$(DEPDIR)/$(am__dirstamp)
+src/ia64/ffi.lo: src/ia64/$(am__dirstamp) \
+	src/ia64/$(DEPDIR)/$(am__dirstamp)
+src/ia64/unix.lo: src/ia64/$(am__dirstamp) \
+	src/ia64/$(DEPDIR)/$(am__dirstamp)
+src/m32r/$(am__dirstamp):
+	@$(MKDIR_P) src/m32r
+	@: > src/m32r/$(am__dirstamp)
+src/m32r/$(DEPDIR)/$(am__dirstamp):
+	@$(MKDIR_P) src/m32r/$(DEPDIR)
+	@: > src/m32r/$(DEPDIR)/$(am__dirstamp)
+src/m32r/ffi.lo: src/m32r/$(am__dirstamp) \
+	src/m32r/$(DEPDIR)/$(am__dirstamp)
+src/m32r/sysv.lo: src/m32r/$(am__dirstamp) \
+	src/m32r/$(DEPDIR)/$(am__dirstamp)
+src/m68k/$(am__dirstamp):
+	@$(MKDIR_P) src/m68k
+	@: > src/m68k/$(am__dirstamp)
+src/m68k/$(DEPDIR)/$(am__dirstamp):
+	@$(MKDIR_P) src/m68k/$(DEPDIR)
+	@: > src/m68k/$(DEPDIR)/$(am__dirstamp)
+src/m68k/ffi.lo: src/m68k/$(am__dirstamp) \
+	src/m68k/$(DEPDIR)/$(am__dirstamp)
+src/m68k/sysv.lo: src/m68k/$(am__dirstamp) \
+	src/m68k/$(DEPDIR)/$(am__dirstamp)
+src/m88k/$(am__dirstamp):
+	@$(MKDIR_P) src/m88k
+	@: > src/m88k/$(am__dirstamp)
+src/m88k/$(DEPDIR)/$(am__dirstamp):
+	@$(MKDIR_P) src/m88k/$(DEPDIR)
+	@: > src/m88k/$(DEPDIR)/$(am__dirstamp)
+src/m88k/ffi.lo: src/m88k/$(am__dirstamp) \
+	src/m88k/$(DEPDIR)/$(am__dirstamp)
+src/m88k/obsd.lo: src/m88k/$(am__dirstamp) \
+	src/m88k/$(DEPDIR)/$(am__dirstamp)
+src/metag/$(am__dirstamp):
+	@$(MKDIR_P) src/metag
+	@: > src/metag/$(am__dirstamp)
+src/metag/$(DEPDIR)/$(am__dirstamp):
+	@$(MKDIR_P) src/metag/$(DEPDIR)
+	@: > src/metag/$(DEPDIR)/$(am__dirstamp)
+src/metag/ffi.lo: src/metag/$(am__dirstamp) \
+	src/metag/$(DEPDIR)/$(am__dirstamp)
+src/metag/sysv.lo: src/metag/$(am__dirstamp) \
+	src/metag/$(DEPDIR)/$(am__dirstamp)
+src/microblaze/$(am__dirstamp):
+	@$(MKDIR_P) src/microblaze
+	@: > src/microblaze/$(am__dirstamp)
+src/microblaze/$(DEPDIR)/$(am__dirstamp):
+	@$(MKDIR_P) src/microblaze/$(DEPDIR)
+	@: > src/microblaze/$(DEPDIR)/$(am__dirstamp)
+src/microblaze/ffi.lo: src/microblaze/$(am__dirstamp) \
+	src/microblaze/$(DEPDIR)/$(am__dirstamp)
+src/microblaze/sysv.lo: src/microblaze/$(am__dirstamp) \
+	src/microblaze/$(DEPDIR)/$(am__dirstamp)
+src/mips/$(am__dirstamp):
+	@$(MKDIR_P) src/mips
+	@: > src/mips/$(am__dirstamp)
+src/mips/$(DEPDIR)/$(am__dirstamp):
+	@$(MKDIR_P) src/mips/$(DEPDIR)
+	@: > src/mips/$(DEPDIR)/$(am__dirstamp)
+src/mips/ffi.lo: src/mips/$(am__dirstamp) \
+	src/mips/$(DEPDIR)/$(am__dirstamp)
+src/mips/o32.lo: src/mips/$(am__dirstamp) \
+	src/mips/$(DEPDIR)/$(am__dirstamp)
+src/mips/n32.lo: src/mips/$(am__dirstamp) \
+	src/mips/$(DEPDIR)/$(am__dirstamp)
+src/moxie/$(am__dirstamp):
+	@$(MKDIR_P) src/moxie
+	@: > src/moxie/$(am__dirstamp)
+src/moxie/$(DEPDIR)/$(am__dirstamp):
+	@$(MKDIR_P) src/moxie/$(DEPDIR)
+	@: > src/moxie/$(DEPDIR)/$(am__dirstamp)
+src/moxie/ffi.lo: src/moxie/$(am__dirstamp) \
+	src/moxie/$(DEPDIR)/$(am__dirstamp)
+src/moxie/eabi.lo: src/moxie/$(am__dirstamp) \
+	src/moxie/$(DEPDIR)/$(am__dirstamp)
+src/nios2/$(am__dirstamp):
+	@$(MKDIR_P) src/nios2
+	@: > src/nios2/$(am__dirstamp)
+src/nios2/$(DEPDIR)/$(am__dirstamp):
+	@$(MKDIR_P) src/nios2/$(DEPDIR)
+	@: > src/nios2/$(DEPDIR)/$(am__dirstamp)
+src/nios2/ffi.lo: src/nios2/$(am__dirstamp) \
+	src/nios2/$(DEPDIR)/$(am__dirstamp)
+src/nios2/sysv.lo: src/nios2/$(am__dirstamp) \
+	src/nios2/$(DEPDIR)/$(am__dirstamp)
+src/or1k/$(am__dirstamp):
+	@$(MKDIR_P) src/or1k
+	@: > src/or1k/$(am__dirstamp)
+src/or1k/$(DEPDIR)/$(am__dirstamp):
+	@$(MKDIR_P) src/or1k/$(DEPDIR)
+	@: > src/or1k/$(DEPDIR)/$(am__dirstamp)
+src/or1k/ffi.lo: src/or1k/$(am__dirstamp) \
+	src/or1k/$(DEPDIR)/$(am__dirstamp)
+src/or1k/sysv.lo: src/or1k/$(am__dirstamp) \
+	src/or1k/$(DEPDIR)/$(am__dirstamp)
+src/pa/$(am__dirstamp):
+	@$(MKDIR_P) src/pa
+	@: > src/pa/$(am__dirstamp)
+src/pa/$(DEPDIR)/$(am__dirstamp):
+	@$(MKDIR_P) src/pa/$(DEPDIR)
+	@: > src/pa/$(DEPDIR)/$(am__dirstamp)
+src/pa/ffi.lo: src/pa/$(am__dirstamp) src/pa/$(DEPDIR)/$(am__dirstamp)
+src/pa/linux.lo: src/pa/$(am__dirstamp) \
+	src/pa/$(DEPDIR)/$(am__dirstamp)
+src/pa/hpux32.lo: src/pa/$(am__dirstamp) \
+	src/pa/$(DEPDIR)/$(am__dirstamp)
+src/powerpc/$(am__dirstamp):
+	@$(MKDIR_P) src/powerpc
+	@: > src/powerpc/$(am__dirstamp)
+src/powerpc/$(DEPDIR)/$(am__dirstamp):
+	@$(MKDIR_P) src/powerpc/$(DEPDIR)
+	@: > src/powerpc/$(DEPDIR)/$(am__dirstamp)
+src/powerpc/ffi.lo: src/powerpc/$(am__dirstamp) \
+	src/powerpc/$(DEPDIR)/$(am__dirstamp)
+src/powerpc/ffi_sysv.lo: src/powerpc/$(am__dirstamp) \
+	src/powerpc/$(DEPDIR)/$(am__dirstamp)
+src/powerpc/ffi_linux64.lo: src/powerpc/$(am__dirstamp) \
+	src/powerpc/$(DEPDIR)/$(am__dirstamp)
+src/powerpc/sysv.lo: src/powerpc/$(am__dirstamp) \
+	src/powerpc/$(DEPDIR)/$(am__dirstamp)
+src/powerpc/linux64.lo: src/powerpc/$(am__dirstamp) \
+	src/powerpc/$(DEPDIR)/$(am__dirstamp)
+src/powerpc/linux64_closure.lo: src/powerpc/$(am__dirstamp) \
+	src/powerpc/$(DEPDIR)/$(am__dirstamp)
+src/powerpc/ppc_closure.lo: src/powerpc/$(am__dirstamp) \
+	src/powerpc/$(DEPDIR)/$(am__dirstamp)
+src/powerpc/aix.lo: src/powerpc/$(am__dirstamp) \
+	src/powerpc/$(DEPDIR)/$(am__dirstamp)
+src/powerpc/darwin.lo: src/powerpc/$(am__dirstamp) \
+	src/powerpc/$(DEPDIR)/$(am__dirstamp)
+src/powerpc/aix_closure.lo: src/powerpc/$(am__dirstamp) \
+	src/powerpc/$(DEPDIR)/$(am__dirstamp)
+src/powerpc/darwin_closure.lo: src/powerpc/$(am__dirstamp) \
+	src/powerpc/$(DEPDIR)/$(am__dirstamp)
+src/powerpc/ffi_darwin.lo: src/powerpc/$(am__dirstamp) \
+	src/powerpc/$(DEPDIR)/$(am__dirstamp)
+src/s390/$(am__dirstamp):
+	@$(MKDIR_P) src/s390
+	@: > src/s390/$(am__dirstamp)
+src/s390/$(DEPDIR)/$(am__dirstamp):
+	@$(MKDIR_P) src/s390/$(DEPDIR)
+	@: > src/s390/$(DEPDIR)/$(am__dirstamp)
+src/s390/ffi.lo: src/s390/$(am__dirstamp) \
+	src/s390/$(DEPDIR)/$(am__dirstamp)
+src/s390/sysv.lo: src/s390/$(am__dirstamp) \
+	src/s390/$(DEPDIR)/$(am__dirstamp)
+src/sh/$(am__dirstamp):
+	@$(MKDIR_P) src/sh
+	@: > src/sh/$(am__dirstamp)
+src/sh/$(DEPDIR)/$(am__dirstamp):
+	@$(MKDIR_P) src/sh/$(DEPDIR)
+	@: > src/sh/$(DEPDIR)/$(am__dirstamp)
+src/sh/ffi.lo: src/sh/$(am__dirstamp) src/sh/$(DEPDIR)/$(am__dirstamp)
+src/sh/sysv.lo: src/sh/$(am__dirstamp) \
+	src/sh/$(DEPDIR)/$(am__dirstamp)
+src/sh64/$(am__dirstamp):
+	@$(MKDIR_P) src/sh64
+	@: > src/sh64/$(am__dirstamp)
+src/sh64/$(DEPDIR)/$(am__dirstamp):
+	@$(MKDIR_P) src/sh64/$(DEPDIR)
+	@: > src/sh64/$(DEPDIR)/$(am__dirstamp)
+src/sh64/ffi.lo: src/sh64/$(am__dirstamp) \
+	src/sh64/$(DEPDIR)/$(am__dirstamp)
+src/sh64/sysv.lo: src/sh64/$(am__dirstamp) \
+	src/sh64/$(DEPDIR)/$(am__dirstamp)
+src/sparc/$(am__dirstamp):
+	@$(MKDIR_P) src/sparc
+	@: > src/sparc/$(am__dirstamp)
+src/sparc/$(DEPDIR)/$(am__dirstamp):
+	@$(MKDIR_P) src/sparc/$(DEPDIR)
+	@: > src/sparc/$(DEPDIR)/$(am__dirstamp)
+src/sparc/ffi.lo: src/sparc/$(am__dirstamp) \
+	src/sparc/$(DEPDIR)/$(am__dirstamp)
+src/sparc/ffi64.lo: src/sparc/$(am__dirstamp) \
+	src/sparc/$(DEPDIR)/$(am__dirstamp)
+src/sparc/v8.lo: src/sparc/$(am__dirstamp) \
+	src/sparc/$(DEPDIR)/$(am__dirstamp)
+src/sparc/v9.lo: src/sparc/$(am__dirstamp) \
+	src/sparc/$(DEPDIR)/$(am__dirstamp)
+src/tile/$(am__dirstamp):
+	@$(MKDIR_P) src/tile
+	@: > src/tile/$(am__dirstamp)
+src/tile/$(DEPDIR)/$(am__dirstamp):
+	@$(MKDIR_P) src/tile/$(DEPDIR)
+	@: > src/tile/$(DEPDIR)/$(am__dirstamp)
+src/tile/ffi.lo: src/tile/$(am__dirstamp) \
+	src/tile/$(DEPDIR)/$(am__dirstamp)
+src/tile/tile.lo: src/tile/$(am__dirstamp) \
+	src/tile/$(DEPDIR)/$(am__dirstamp)
+src/vax/$(am__dirstamp):
+	@$(MKDIR_P) src/vax
+	@: > src/vax/$(am__dirstamp)
+src/vax/$(DEPDIR)/$(am__dirstamp):
+	@$(MKDIR_P) src/vax/$(DEPDIR)
+	@: > src/vax/$(DEPDIR)/$(am__dirstamp)
+src/vax/ffi.lo: src/vax/$(am__dirstamp) \
+	src/vax/$(DEPDIR)/$(am__dirstamp)
+src/vax/elfbsd.lo: src/vax/$(am__dirstamp) \
+	src/vax/$(DEPDIR)/$(am__dirstamp)
+src/x86/$(am__dirstamp):
+	@$(MKDIR_P) src/x86
+	@: > src/x86/$(am__dirstamp)
+src/x86/$(DEPDIR)/$(am__dirstamp):
+	@$(MKDIR_P) src/x86/$(DEPDIR)
+	@: > src/x86/$(DEPDIR)/$(am__dirstamp)
+src/x86/ffi.lo: src/x86/$(am__dirstamp) \
+	src/x86/$(DEPDIR)/$(am__dirstamp)
+src/x86/sysv.lo: src/x86/$(am__dirstamp) \
+	src/x86/$(DEPDIR)/$(am__dirstamp)
+src/x86/ffiw64.lo: src/x86/$(am__dirstamp) \
+	src/x86/$(DEPDIR)/$(am__dirstamp)
+src/x86/win64.lo: src/x86/$(am__dirstamp) \
+	src/x86/$(DEPDIR)/$(am__dirstamp)
+src/x86/ffi64.lo: src/x86/$(am__dirstamp) \
+	src/x86/$(DEPDIR)/$(am__dirstamp)
+src/x86/unix64.lo: src/x86/$(am__dirstamp) \
+	src/x86/$(DEPDIR)/$(am__dirstamp)
+src/xtensa/$(am__dirstamp):
+	@$(MKDIR_P) src/xtensa
+	@: > src/xtensa/$(am__dirstamp)
+src/xtensa/$(DEPDIR)/$(am__dirstamp):
+	@$(MKDIR_P) src/xtensa/$(DEPDIR)
+	@: > src/xtensa/$(DEPDIR)/$(am__dirstamp)
+src/xtensa/ffi.lo: src/xtensa/$(am__dirstamp) \
+	src/xtensa/$(DEPDIR)/$(am__dirstamp)
+src/xtensa/sysv.lo: src/xtensa/$(am__dirstamp) \
+	src/xtensa/$(DEPDIR)/$(am__dirstamp)
+
+libffi.la: $(libffi_la_OBJECTS) $(libffi_la_DEPENDENCIES) $(EXTRA_libffi_la_DEPENDENCIES) 
+	$(AM_V_CCLD)$(libffi_la_LINK) -rpath $(toolexeclibdir) $(libffi_la_OBJECTS) $(libffi_la_LIBADD) $(LIBS)
+
+libffi_convenience.la: $(libffi_convenience_la_OBJECTS) $(libffi_convenience_la_DEPENDENCIES) $(EXTRA_libffi_convenience_la_DEPENDENCIES) 
+	$(AM_V_CCLD)$(LINK)  $(libffi_convenience_la_OBJECTS) $(libffi_convenience_la_LIBADD) $(LIBS)
+
+mostlyclean-compile:
+	-rm -f *.$(OBJEXT)
+	-rm -f src/*.$(OBJEXT)
+	-rm -f src/*.lo
+	-rm -f src/aarch64/*.$(OBJEXT)
+	-rm -f src/aarch64/*.lo
+	-rm -f src/alpha/*.$(OBJEXT)
+	-rm -f src/alpha/*.lo
+	-rm -f src/arc/*.$(OBJEXT)
+	-rm -f src/arc/*.lo
+	-rm -f src/arm/*.$(OBJEXT)
+	-rm -f src/arm/*.lo
+	-rm -f src/avr32/*.$(OBJEXT)
+	-rm -f src/avr32/*.lo
+	-rm -f src/bfin/*.$(OBJEXT)
+	-rm -f src/bfin/*.lo
+	-rm -f src/cris/*.$(OBJEXT)
+	-rm -f src/cris/*.lo
+	-rm -f src/frv/*.$(OBJEXT)
+	-rm -f src/frv/*.lo
+	-rm -f src/ia64/*.$(OBJEXT)
+	-rm -f src/ia64/*.lo
+	-rm -f src/m32r/*.$(OBJEXT)
+	-rm -f src/m32r/*.lo
+	-rm -f src/m68k/*.$(OBJEXT)
+	-rm -f src/m68k/*.lo
+	-rm -f src/m88k/*.$(OBJEXT)
+	-rm -f src/m88k/*.lo
+	-rm -f src/metag/*.$(OBJEXT)
+	-rm -f src/metag/*.lo
+	-rm -f src/microblaze/*.$(OBJEXT)
+	-rm -f src/microblaze/*.lo
+	-rm -f src/mips/*.$(OBJEXT)
+	-rm -f src/mips/*.lo
+	-rm -f src/moxie/*.$(OBJEXT)
+	-rm -f src/moxie/*.lo
+	-rm -f src/nios2/*.$(OBJEXT)
+	-rm -f src/nios2/*.lo
+	-rm -f src/or1k/*.$(OBJEXT)
+	-rm -f src/or1k/*.lo
+	-rm -f src/pa/*.$(OBJEXT)
+	-rm -f src/pa/*.lo
+	-rm -f src/powerpc/*.$(OBJEXT)
+	-rm -f src/powerpc/*.lo
+	-rm -f src/s390/*.$(OBJEXT)
+	-rm -f src/s390/*.lo
+	-rm -f src/sh/*.$(OBJEXT)
+	-rm -f src/sh/*.lo
+	-rm -f src/sh64/*.$(OBJEXT)
+	-rm -f src/sh64/*.lo
+	-rm -f src/sparc/*.$(OBJEXT)
+	-rm -f src/sparc/*.lo
+	-rm -f src/tile/*.$(OBJEXT)
+	-rm -f src/tile/*.lo
+	-rm -f src/vax/*.$(OBJEXT)
+	-rm -f src/vax/*.lo
+	-rm -f src/x86/*.$(OBJEXT)
+	-rm -f src/x86/*.lo
+	-rm -f src/xtensa/*.$(OBJEXT)
+	-rm -f src/xtensa/*.lo
+
+distclean-compile:
+	-rm -f *.tab.c
+
+#include src/$(DEPDIR)/closures.Plo
+#include src/$(DEPDIR)/debug.Plo
+#include src/$(DEPDIR)/java_raw_api.Plo
+#include src/$(DEPDIR)/prep_cif.Plo
+#include src/$(DEPDIR)/raw_api.Plo
+#include src/$(DEPDIR)/types.Plo
+#include src/aarch64/$(DEPDIR)/ffi.Plo
+#include src/aarch64/$(DEPDIR)/sysv.Plo
+#include src/alpha/$(DEPDIR)/ffi.Plo
+#include src/alpha/$(DEPDIR)/osf.Plo
+#include src/arc/$(DEPDIR)/arcompact.Plo
+#include src/arc/$(DEPDIR)/ffi.Plo
+#include src/arm/$(DEPDIR)/ffi.Plo
+#include src/arm/$(DEPDIR)/sysv.Plo
+#include src/avr32/$(DEPDIR)/ffi.Plo
+#include src/avr32/$(DEPDIR)/sysv.Plo
+#include src/bfin/$(DEPDIR)/ffi.Plo
+#include src/bfin/$(DEPDIR)/sysv.Plo
+#include src/cris/$(DEPDIR)/ffi.Plo
+#include src/cris/$(DEPDIR)/sysv.Plo
+#include src/frv/$(DEPDIR)/eabi.Plo
+#include src/frv/$(DEPDIR)/ffi.Plo
+#include src/ia64/$(DEPDIR)/ffi.Plo
+#include src/ia64/$(DEPDIR)/unix.Plo
+#include src/m32r/$(DEPDIR)/ffi.Plo
+#include src/m32r/$(DEPDIR)/sysv.Plo
+#include src/m68k/$(DEPDIR)/ffi.Plo
+#include src/m68k/$(DEPDIR)/sysv.Plo
+#include src/m88k/$(DEPDIR)/ffi.Plo
+#include src/m88k/$(DEPDIR)/obsd.Plo
+#include src/metag/$(DEPDIR)/ffi.Plo
+#include src/metag/$(DEPDIR)/sysv.Plo
+#include src/microblaze/$(DEPDIR)/ffi.Plo
+#include src/microblaze/$(DEPDIR)/sysv.Plo
+#include src/mips/$(DEPDIR)/ffi.Plo
+#include src/mips/$(DEPDIR)/n32.Plo
+#include src/mips/$(DEPDIR)/o32.Plo
+#include src/moxie/$(DEPDIR)/eabi.Plo
+#include src/moxie/$(DEPDIR)/ffi.Plo
+#include src/nios2/$(DEPDIR)/ffi.Plo
+#include src/nios2/$(DEPDIR)/sysv.Plo
+#include src/or1k/$(DEPDIR)/ffi.Plo
+#include src/or1k/$(DEPDIR)/sysv.Plo
+#include src/pa/$(DEPDIR)/ffi.Plo
+#include src/pa/$(DEPDIR)/hpux32.Plo
+#include src/pa/$(DEPDIR)/linux.Plo
+#include src/powerpc/$(DEPDIR)/aix.Plo
+#include src/powerpc/$(DEPDIR)/aix_closure.Plo
+#include src/powerpc/$(DEPDIR)/darwin.Plo
+#include src/powerpc/$(DEPDIR)/darwin_closure.Plo
+#include src/powerpc/$(DEPDIR)/ffi.Plo
+#include src/powerpc/$(DEPDIR)/ffi_darwin.Plo
+#include src/powerpc/$(DEPDIR)/ffi_linux64.Plo
+#include src/powerpc/$(DEPDIR)/ffi_sysv.Plo
+#include src/powerpc/$(DEPDIR)/linux64.Plo
+#include src/powerpc/$(DEPDIR)/linux64_closure.Plo
+#include src/powerpc/$(DEPDIR)/ppc_closure.Plo
+#include src/powerpc/$(DEPDIR)/sysv.Plo
+#include src/s390/$(DEPDIR)/ffi.Plo
+#include src/s390/$(DEPDIR)/sysv.Plo
+#include src/sh/$(DEPDIR)/ffi.Plo
+#include src/sh/$(DEPDIR)/sysv.Plo
+#include src/sh64/$(DEPDIR)/ffi.Plo
+#include src/sh64/$(DEPDIR)/sysv.Plo
+#include src/sparc/$(DEPDIR)/ffi.Plo
+#include src/sparc/$(DEPDIR)/ffi64.Plo
+#include src/sparc/$(DEPDIR)/v8.Plo
+#include src/sparc/$(DEPDIR)/v9.Plo
+#include src/tile/$(DEPDIR)/ffi.Plo
+#include src/tile/$(DEPDIR)/tile.Plo
+#include src/vax/$(DEPDIR)/elfbsd.Plo
+#include src/vax/$(DEPDIR)/ffi.Plo
+#include src/x86/$(DEPDIR)/ffi.Plo
+#include src/x86/$(DEPDIR)/ffi64.Plo
+#include src/x86/$(DEPDIR)/ffiw64.Plo
+#include src/x86/$(DEPDIR)/sysv.Plo
+#include src/x86/$(DEPDIR)/unix64.Plo
+#include src/x86/$(DEPDIR)/win64.Plo
+#include src/xtensa/$(DEPDIR)/ffi.Plo
+#include src/xtensa/$(DEPDIR)/sysv.Plo
+
+.S.o:
+#	$(AM_V_CPPAS)depbase=`echo $@ | sed 's|[^/]*$$|$(DEPDIR)/&|;s|\.o$$||'`;\
+#	$(CPPASCOMPILE) -MT $@ -MD -MP -MF $$depbase.Tpo -c -o $@ $< &&\
+#	$(am__mv) $$depbase.Tpo $$depbase.Po
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+	$(AM_V_CPPAS)$(CPPASCOMPILE) -c -o $@ $<
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+#	$(CPPASCOMPILE) -MT $@ -MD -MP -MF $$depbase.Tpo -c -o $@ `$(CYGPATH_W) '$<'` &&\
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+#	$(AM_V_CPPAS)source='$<' object='$@' libtool=yes 
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+#	$(COMPILE) -MT $@ -MD -MP -MF $$depbase.Tpo -c -o $@ `$(CYGPATH_W) '$<'` &&\
+#	$(am__mv) $$depbase.Tpo $$depbase.Po
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+#	$(LTCOMPILE) -MT $@ -MD -MP -MF $$depbase.Tpo -c -o $@ $< &&\
+#	$(am__mv) $$depbase.Tpo $$depbase.Plo
+#	$(AM_V_CC)source='$<' object='$@' libtool=yes 
+#	DEPDIR=$(DEPDIR) $(CCDEPMODE) $(depcomp) 
+	$(AM_V_CC)$(LTCOMPILE) -c -o $@ $<
+
+mostlyclean-libtool:
+	-rm -f *.lo
+
+clean-libtool:
+	-rm -rf .libs _libs
+	-rm -rf src/.libs src/_libs
+	-rm -rf src/aarch64/.libs src/aarch64/_libs
+	-rm -rf src/alpha/.libs src/alpha/_libs
+	-rm -rf src/arc/.libs src/arc/_libs
+	-rm -rf src/arm/.libs src/arm/_libs
+	-rm -rf src/avr32/.libs src/avr32/_libs
+	-rm -rf src/bfin/.libs src/bfin/_libs
+	-rm -rf src/cris/.libs src/cris/_libs
+	-rm -rf src/frv/.libs src/frv/_libs
+	-rm -rf src/ia64/.libs src/ia64/_libs
+	-rm -rf src/m32r/.libs src/m32r/_libs
+	-rm -rf src/m68k/.libs src/m68k/_libs
+	-rm -rf src/m88k/.libs src/m88k/_libs
+	-rm -rf src/metag/.libs src/metag/_libs
+	-rm -rf src/microblaze/.libs src/microblaze/_libs
+	-rm -rf src/mips/.libs src/mips/_libs
+	-rm -rf src/moxie/.libs src/moxie/_libs
+	-rm -rf src/nios2/.libs src/nios2/_libs
+	-rm -rf src/or1k/.libs src/or1k/_libs
+	-rm -rf src/pa/.libs src/pa/_libs
+	-rm -rf src/powerpc/.libs src/powerpc/_libs
+	-rm -rf src/s390/.libs src/s390/_libs
+	-rm -rf src/sh/.libs src/sh/_libs
+	-rm -rf src/sh64/.libs src/sh64/_libs
+	-rm -rf src/sparc/.libs src/sparc/_libs
+	-rm -rf src/tile/.libs src/tile/_libs
+	-rm -rf src/vax/.libs src/vax/_libs
+	-rm -rf src/x86/.libs src/x86/_libs
+	-rm -rf src/xtensa/.libs src/xtensa/_libs
+
+distclean-libtool:
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+install-pkgconfigDATA: $(pkgconfig_DATA)
+	@$(NORMAL_INSTALL)
+	@list='$(pkgconfig_DATA)'; test -n "$(pkgconfigdir)" || list=; \
+	if test -n "$$list"; then \
+	  echo " $(MKDIR_P) '$(DESTDIR)$(pkgconfigdir)'"; \
+	  $(MKDIR_P) "$(DESTDIR)$(pkgconfigdir)" || exit 1; \
+	fi; \
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+	  if test -f "$$p"; then d=; else d="$(srcdir)/"; fi; \
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+	while read files; do \
+	  echo " $(INSTALL_DATA) $$files '$(DESTDIR)$(pkgconfigdir)'"; \
+	  $(INSTALL_DATA) $$files "$(DESTDIR)$(pkgconfigdir)" || exit $$?; \
+	done
+
+uninstall-pkgconfigDATA:
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+	@list='$(pkgconfig_DATA)'; test -n "$(pkgconfigdir)" || list=; \
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+# This directory's subdirectories are mostly independent; you can cd
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+#     (which will cause the Makefiles to be regenerated when you run 'make');
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+	  failcom='fail=yes'; \
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+	  *) list='$(SUBDIRS)' ;; \
+	esac; \
+	for subdir in $$list; do \
+	  echo "Making $$target in $$subdir"; \
+	  if test "$$subdir" = "."; then \
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+distclean-tags:
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+distdir: $(DISTFILES)
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+	list='$(DISTFILES)'; \
+	  dist_files=`for file in $$list; do echo $$file; done | \
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+	esac; \
+	for file in $$dist_files; do \
+	  if test -f $$file || test -d $$file; then d=.; else d=$(srcdir); fi; \
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+	    fi; \
+	    cp -fpR $$d/$$file "$(distdir)$$dir" || exit 1; \
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+	    || exit 1; \
+	  fi; \
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+	        distdir) \
+	      || exit 1; \
+	  fi; \
+	done
+	$(MAKE) $(AM_MAKEFLAGS) \
+	  top_distdir="$(top_distdir)" distdir="$(distdir)" \
+	  dist-hook
+	-test -n "$(am__skip_mode_fix)" \
+	|| find "$(distdir)" -type d ! -perm -755 \
+		-exec chmod u+rwx,go+rx {} \; -o \
+	  ! -type d ! -perm -444 -links 1 -exec chmod a+r {} \; -o \
+	  ! -type d ! -perm -400 -exec chmod a+r {} \; -o \
+	  ! -type d ! -perm -444 -exec $(install_sh) -c -m a+r {} {} \; \
+	|| chmod -R a+r "$(distdir)"
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+	tardir=$(distdir) && $(am__tar) | GZIP=$(GZIP_ENV) gzip -c >$(distdir).tar.gz
+	$(am__post_remove_distdir)
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+	$(am__post_remove_distdir)
+
+dist-tarZ: distdir
+	@echo WARNING: "Support for distribution archives compressed with" \
+		       "legacy program 'compress' is deprecated." >&2
+	@echo WARNING: "It will be removed altogether in Automake 2.0" >&2
+	tardir=$(distdir) && $(am__tar) | compress -c >$(distdir).tar.Z
+	$(am__post_remove_distdir)
+
+dist-shar: distdir
+	@echo WARNING: "Support for shar distribution archives is" \
+	               "deprecated." >&2
+	@echo WARNING: "It will be removed altogether in Automake 2.0" >&2
+	shar $(distdir) | GZIP=$(GZIP_ENV) gzip -c >$(distdir).shar.gz
+	$(am__post_remove_distdir)
+
+dist-zip: distdir
+	-rm -f $(distdir).zip
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+	$(am__post_remove_distdir)
+
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+	$(MAKE) $(AM_MAKEFLAGS) $(DIST_TARGETS) am__post_remove_distdir='@:'
+	$(am__post_remove_distdir)
+
+# This target untars the dist file and tries a VPATH configuration.  Then
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+# tarfile.
+distcheck: dist
+	case '$(DIST_ARCHIVES)' in \
+	*.tar.gz*) \
+	  GZIP=$(GZIP_ENV) gzip -dc $(distdir).tar.gz | $(am__untar) ;;\
+	*.tar.bz2*) \
+	  bzip2 -dc $(distdir).tar.bz2 | $(am__untar) ;;\
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+	*.tar.xz*) \
+	  xz -dc $(distdir).tar.xz | $(am__untar) ;;\
+	*.tar.Z*) \
+	  uncompress -c $(distdir).tar.Z | $(am__untar) ;;\
+	*.shar.gz*) \
+	  GZIP=$(GZIP_ENV) gzip -dc $(distdir).shar.gz | unshar ;;\
+	*.zip*) \
+	  unzip $(distdir).zip ;;\
+	esac
+	chmod -R a-w $(distdir)
+	chmod u+w $(distdir)
+	mkdir $(distdir)/_build $(distdir)/_build/sub $(distdir)/_inst
+	chmod a-w $(distdir)
+	test -d $(distdir)/_build || exit 0; \
+	dc_install_base=`$(am__cd) $(distdir)/_inst && pwd | sed -e 's,^[^:\\/]:[\\/],/,'` \
+	  && dc_destdir="$${TMPDIR-/tmp}/am-dc-$$$$/" \
+	  && am__cwd=`pwd` \
+	  && $(am__cd) $(distdir)/_build/sub \
+	  && ../../configure \
+	    $(AM_DISTCHECK_CONFIGURE_FLAGS) \
+	    $(DISTCHECK_CONFIGURE_FLAGS) \
+	    --srcdir=../.. --prefix="$$dc_install_base" \
+	  && $(MAKE) $(AM_MAKEFLAGS) \
+	  && $(MAKE) $(AM_MAKEFLAGS) dvi \
+	  && $(MAKE) $(AM_MAKEFLAGS) check \
+	  && $(MAKE) $(AM_MAKEFLAGS) install \
+	  && $(MAKE) $(AM_MAKEFLAGS) installcheck \
+	  && $(MAKE) $(AM_MAKEFLAGS) uninstall \
+	  && $(MAKE) $(AM_MAKEFLAGS) distuninstallcheck_dir="$$dc_install_base" \
+	        distuninstallcheck \
+	  && chmod -R a-w "$$dc_install_base" \
+	  && ({ \
+	       (cd ../.. && umask 077 && mkdir "$$dc_destdir") \
+	       && $(MAKE) $(AM_MAKEFLAGS) DESTDIR="$$dc_destdir" install \
+	       && $(MAKE) $(AM_MAKEFLAGS) DESTDIR="$$dc_destdir" uninstall \
+	       && $(MAKE) $(AM_MAKEFLAGS) DESTDIR="$$dc_destdir" \
+	            distuninstallcheck_dir="$$dc_destdir" distuninstallcheck; \
+	      } || { rm -rf "$$dc_destdir"; exit 1; }) \
+	  && rm -rf "$$dc_destdir" \
+	  && $(MAKE) $(AM_MAKEFLAGS) dist \
+	  && rm -rf $(DIST_ARCHIVES) \
+	  && $(MAKE) $(AM_MAKEFLAGS) distcleancheck \
+	  && cd "$$am__cwd" \
+	  || exit 1
+	$(am__post_remove_distdir)
+	@(echo "$(distdir) archives ready for distribution: "; \
+	  list='$(DIST_ARCHIVES)'; for i in $$list; do echo $$i; done) | \
+	  sed -e 1h -e 1s/./=/g -e 1p -e 1x -e '$$p' -e '$$x'
+distuninstallcheck:
+	@test -n '$(distuninstallcheck_dir)' || { \
+	  echo 'ERROR: trying to run $@ with an empty' \
+	       '$$(distuninstallcheck_dir)' >&2; \
+	  exit 1; \
+	}; \
+	$(am__cd) '$(distuninstallcheck_dir)' || { \
+	  echo 'ERROR: cannot chdir into $(distuninstallcheck_dir)' >&2; \
+	  exit 1; \
+	}; \
+	test `$(am__distuninstallcheck_listfiles) | wc -l` -eq 0 \
+	   || { echo "ERROR: files left after uninstall:" ; \
+	        if test -n "$(DESTDIR)"; then \
+	          echo "  (check DESTDIR support)"; \
+	        fi ; \
+	        $(distuninstallcheck_listfiles) ; \
+	        exit 1; } >&2
+distcleancheck: distclean
+	@if test '$(srcdir)' = . ; then \
+	  echo "ERROR: distcleancheck can only run from a VPATH build" ; \
+	  exit 1 ; \
+	fi
+	@test `$(distcleancheck_listfiles) | wc -l` -eq 0 \
+	  || { echo "ERROR: files left in build directory after distclean:" ; \
+	       $(distcleancheck_listfiles) ; \
+	       exit 1; } >&2
+check-am: all-am
+check: check-recursive
+all-am: Makefile $(LTLIBRARIES) $(DATA) $(HEADERS) fficonfig.h
+installdirs: installdirs-recursive
+installdirs-am:
+	for dir in "$(DESTDIR)$(toolexeclibdir)" "$(DESTDIR)$(pkgconfigdir)"; do \
+	  test -z "$$dir" || $(MKDIR_P) "$$dir"; \
+	done
+install: install-recursive
+install-exec: install-exec-recursive
+install-data: install-data-recursive
+uninstall: uninstall-recursive
+
+install-am: all-am
+	@$(MAKE) $(AM_MAKEFLAGS) install-exec-am install-data-am
+
+installcheck: installcheck-recursive
+install-strip:
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+	  $(MAKE) $(AM_MAKEFLAGS) INSTALL_PROGRAM="$(INSTALL_STRIP_PROGRAM)" \
+	    install_sh_PROGRAM="$(INSTALL_STRIP_PROGRAM)" INSTALL_STRIP_FLAG=-s \
+	      install; \
+	else \
+	  $(MAKE) $(AM_MAKEFLAGS) INSTALL_PROGRAM="$(INSTALL_STRIP_PROGRAM)" \
+	    install_sh_PROGRAM="$(INSTALL_STRIP_PROGRAM)" INSTALL_STRIP_FLAG=-s \
+	    "INSTALL_PROGRAM_ENV=STRIPPROG='$(STRIP)'" install; \
+	fi
+mostlyclean-generic:
+
+clean-generic:
+
+distclean-generic:
+	-test -z "$(CONFIG_CLEAN_FILES)" || rm -f $(CONFIG_CLEAN_FILES)
+	-test . = "$(srcdir)" || test -z "$(CONFIG_CLEAN_VPATH_FILES)" || rm -f $(CONFIG_CLEAN_VPATH_FILES)
+	-rm -f src/$(DEPDIR)/$(am__dirstamp)
+	-rm -f src/$(am__dirstamp)
+	-rm -f src/aarch64/$(DEPDIR)/$(am__dirstamp)
+	-rm -f src/aarch64/$(am__dirstamp)
+	-rm -f src/alpha/$(DEPDIR)/$(am__dirstamp)
+	-rm -f src/alpha/$(am__dirstamp)
+	-rm -f src/arc/$(DEPDIR)/$(am__dirstamp)
+	-rm -f src/arc/$(am__dirstamp)
+	-rm -f src/arm/$(DEPDIR)/$(am__dirstamp)
+	-rm -f src/arm/$(am__dirstamp)
+	-rm -f src/avr32/$(DEPDIR)/$(am__dirstamp)
+	-rm -f src/avr32/$(am__dirstamp)
+	-rm -f src/bfin/$(DEPDIR)/$(am__dirstamp)
+	-rm -f src/bfin/$(am__dirstamp)
+	-rm -f src/cris/$(DEPDIR)/$(am__dirstamp)
+	-rm -f src/cris/$(am__dirstamp)
+	-rm -f src/frv/$(DEPDIR)/$(am__dirstamp)
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+	-rm -f src/m32r/$(am__dirstamp)
+	-rm -f src/m68k/$(DEPDIR)/$(am__dirstamp)
+	-rm -f src/m68k/$(am__dirstamp)
+	-rm -f src/m88k/$(DEPDIR)/$(am__dirstamp)
+	-rm -f src/m88k/$(am__dirstamp)
+	-rm -f src/metag/$(DEPDIR)/$(am__dirstamp)
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+	-rm -f src/microblaze/$(DEPDIR)/$(am__dirstamp)
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+	-rm -f src/mips/$(am__dirstamp)
+	-rm -f src/moxie/$(DEPDIR)/$(am__dirstamp)
+	-rm -f src/moxie/$(am__dirstamp)
+	-rm -f src/nios2/$(DEPDIR)/$(am__dirstamp)
+	-rm -f src/nios2/$(am__dirstamp)
+	-rm -f src/or1k/$(DEPDIR)/$(am__dirstamp)
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+	-rm -f src/s390/$(DEPDIR)/$(am__dirstamp)
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+	-rm -f src/sh/$(DEPDIR)/$(am__dirstamp)
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+	-rm -f src/sh64/$(am__dirstamp)
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+	-rm -f src/sparc/$(am__dirstamp)
+	-rm -f src/tile/$(DEPDIR)/$(am__dirstamp)
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+	-rm -f src/vax/$(DEPDIR)/$(am__dirstamp)
+	-rm -f src/vax/$(am__dirstamp)
+	-rm -f src/x86/$(DEPDIR)/$(am__dirstamp)
+	-rm -f src/x86/$(am__dirstamp)
+	-rm -f src/xtensa/$(DEPDIR)/$(am__dirstamp)
+	-rm -f src/xtensa/$(am__dirstamp)
+	-test -z "$(DISTCLEANFILES)" || rm -f $(DISTCLEANFILES)
+
+maintainer-clean-generic:
+	@echo "This command is intended for maintainers to use"
+	@echo "it deletes files that may require special tools to rebuild."
+clean: clean-recursive
+
+clean-am: clean-generic clean-libtool clean-noinstLTLIBRARIES \
+	clean-toolexeclibLTLIBRARIES mostlyclean-am
+
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+	-rm -f Makefile
+distclean-am: clean-am distclean-compile distclean-generic \
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+
+dvi: dvi-recursive
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+dvi-am:
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+
+install-html: install-html-recursive
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+	-rm -rf src/$(DEPDIR) src/aarch64/$(DEPDIR) src/alpha/$(DEPDIR) src/arc/$(DEPDIR) src/arm/$(DEPDIR) src/avr32/$(DEPDIR) src/bfin/$(DEPDIR) src/cris/$(DEPDIR) src/frv/$(DEPDIR) src/ia64/$(DEPDIR) src/m32r/$(DEPDIR) src/m68k/$(DEPDIR) src/m88k/$(DEPDIR) src/metag/$(DEPDIR) src/microblaze/$(DEPDIR) src/mips/$(DEPDIR) src/moxie/$(DEPDIR) src/nios2/$(DEPDIR) src/or1k/$(DEPDIR) src/pa/$(DEPDIR) src/powerpc/$(DEPDIR) src/s390/$(DEPDIR) src/sh/$(DEPDIR) src/sh64/$(DEPDIR) src/sparc/$(DEPDIR) src/tile/$(DEPDIR) src/vax/$(DEPDIR) src/x86/$(DEPDIR) src/xtensa/$(DEPDIR)
+	-rm -f Makefile
+maintainer-clean-am: distclean-am maintainer-clean-generic
+
+mostlyclean: mostlyclean-recursive
+
+mostlyclean-am: mostlyclean-compile mostlyclean-generic \
+	mostlyclean-libtool
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+uninstall-am: uninstall-pkgconfigDATA uninstall-toolexeclibLTLIBRARIES
+
+.MAKE: $(am__recursive_targets) all install-am install-strip
+
+.PHONY: $(am__recursive_targets) CTAGS GTAGS TAGS all all-am \
+	am--refresh check check-am clean clean-cscope clean-generic \
+	clean-libtool clean-noinstLTLIBRARIES \
+	clean-toolexeclibLTLIBRARIES cscope cscopelist-am ctags \
+	ctags-am dist dist-all dist-bzip2 dist-gzip dist-hook \
+	dist-lzip dist-shar dist-tarZ dist-xz dist-zip distcheck \
+	distclean distclean-compile distclean-generic distclean-hdr \
+	distclean-libtool distclean-tags distcleancheck distdir \
+	distuninstallcheck dvi dvi-am html html-am info info-am \
+	install install-am install-data install-data-am install-dvi \
+	install-dvi-am install-exec install-exec-am install-html \
+	install-html-am install-info install-info-am install-man \
+	install-pdf install-pdf-am install-pkgconfigDATA install-ps \
+	install-ps-am install-strip install-toolexeclibLTLIBRARIES \
+	installcheck installcheck-am installdirs installdirs-am \
+	maintainer-clean maintainer-clean-generic mostlyclean \
+	mostlyclean-compile mostlyclean-generic mostlyclean-libtool \
+	pdf pdf-am ps ps-am tags tags-am uninstall uninstall-am \
+	uninstall-pkgconfigDATA uninstall-toolexeclibLTLIBRARIES
+
+.PRECIOUS: Makefile
+
+##libffi.map-sun : libffi.map $(top_srcdir)/../contrib/make_sunver.pl \
+##		 $(libffi_la_OBJECTS) $(libffi_la_LIBADD)
+##	perl $(top_srcdir)/../contrib/make_sunver.pl libffi.map \
+##	 `echo $(libffi_la_OBJECTS) $(libffi_la_LIBADD) | \
+##	    sed 's,\([^/        ]*\)\.l\([ao]\),.libs/\1.\2,g'` \
+##	 > $@ || (rm -f $@ ; exit 1)
+
+libffi.map: $(top_srcdir)/libffi.map.in
+	$(COMPILE) -D$(TARGET) -E -x assembler-with-cpp -o $@ $<
+
+dist-hook:
+	if [ -d $(top_srcdir)/.git ] ; then (cd $(top_srcdir); git log --no-decorate) ; else echo 'See git log for history.' ; fi > $(distdir)/ChangeLog
+
+# Tell versions [3.59,3.63) of GNU make to not export all variables.
+# Otherwise a system limit (for SysV at least) may be exceeded.
+.NOEXPORT:
diff --git a/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/libffi-universal-darwin18/config.log b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/libffi-universal-darwin18/config.log
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2e7d0d4c47c14f6fbdb07717a60b673736e0ac92
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/libffi-universal-darwin18/config.log
@@ -0,0 +1,1318 @@
+This file contains any messages produced by compilers while
+running configure, to aid debugging if configure makes a mistake.
+
+It was created by libffi configure 3.99999, which was
+generated by GNU Autoconf 2.69.  Invocation command line was
+
+  $ /Users/hanna/Documents/GitHub/irma-website/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/libffi/configure --disable-static --with-pic=yes --disable-dependency-tracking --disable-docs --host=
+
+## --------- ##
+## Platform. ##
+## --------- ##
+
+hostname = ip-145-116-155-146.wlan-int.ru.nl
+uname -m = x86_64
+uname -r = 18.6.0
+uname -s = Darwin
+uname -v = Darwin Kernel Version 18.6.0: Thu Apr 25 23:16:27 PDT 2019; root:xnu-4903.261.4~2/RELEASE_X86_64
+
+/usr/bin/uname -p = i386
+/bin/uname -X     = unknown
+
+/bin/arch              = unknown
+/usr/bin/arch -k       = unknown
+/usr/convex/getsysinfo = unknown
+/usr/bin/hostinfo      = Mach kernel version:
+	 Darwin Kernel Version 18.6.0: Thu Apr 25 23:16:27 PDT 2019; root:xnu-4903.261.4~2/RELEASE_X86_64
+Kernel configured for up to 6 processors.
+6 processors are physically available.
+6 processors are logically available.
+Processor type: x86_64h (Intel x86-64h Haswell)
+Processors active: 0 1 2 3 4 5
+Primary memory available: 16.00 gigabytes
+Default processor set: 443 tasks, 2363 threads, 6 processors
+Load average: 2.68, Mach factor: 3.31
+/bin/machine           = unknown
+/usr/bin/oslevel       = unknown
+/bin/universe          = unknown
+
+PATH: /Users/hanna/Library/Android/sdk/tools
+PATH: /Users/hanna/Library/Android/sdk/platform-tools
+PATH: /Users/hanna/Android/flutter/bin
+PATH: /Users/hanna/go/bin
+PATH: /Users/hanna/Library/Android/sdk/tools
+PATH: /Users/hanna/Library/Android/sdk/platform-tools
+PATH: /Users/hanna/Android/flutter/bin
+PATH: /bin
+PATH: /usr/local/bin
+PATH: /usr/bin
+PATH: /bin
+PATH: /usr/sbin
+PATH: /sbin
+PATH: /usr/local/go/bin
+PATH: /usr/local/MacGPG2/bin
+PATH: /Users/hanna/development/flutter/bin
+
+
+## ----------- ##
+## Core tests. ##
+## ----------- ##
+
+configure:2704: checking build system type
+configure:2718: result: x86_64-apple-darwin18.6.0
+configure:2738: checking host system type
+configure:2751: result: x86_64-apple-darwin18.6.0
+configure:2771: checking target system type
+configure:2784: result: x86_64-apple-darwin18.6.0
+configure:2881: checking for gsed
+configure:2912: result: sed
+configure:2940: checking for a BSD-compatible install
+configure:3008: result: /usr/bin/install -c
+configure:3019: checking whether build environment is sane
+configure:3074: result: yes
+configure:3222: checking for a thread-safe mkdir -p
+configure:3261: result: /Users/hanna/Documents/GitHub/irma-website/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/ffi-1.9.25/ext/ffi_c/libffi/install-sh -c -d
+configure:3268: checking for gawk
+configure:3298: result: no
+configure:3268: checking for mawk
+configure:3298: result: no
+configure:3268: checking for nawk
+configure:3298: result: no
+configure:3268: checking for awk
+configure:3284: found /usr/bin/awk
+configure:3295: result: awk
+configure:3306: checking whether make sets $(MAKE)
+configure:3328: result: yes
+configure:3357: checking whether make supports nested variables
+configure:3374: result: yes
+configure:3559: checking for gcc
+configure:3586: result: xcrun clang
+configure:3815: checking for C compiler version
+configure:3824: xcrun clang --version >&5
+Apple LLVM version 10.0.1 (clang-1001.0.46.4)
+Target: x86_64-apple-darwin18.6.0
+Thread model: posix
+InstalledDir: /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin
+configure:3835: $? = 0
+configure:3824: xcrun clang -v >&5
+Apple LLVM version 10.0.1 (clang-1001.0.46.4)
+Target: x86_64-apple-darwin18.6.0
+Thread model: posix
+InstalledDir: /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin
+configure:3835: $? = 0
+configure:3824: xcrun clang -V >&5
+clang: error: unsupported option '-V -Wno-atomic-implicit-seq-cst'
+clang: error: no input files
+configure:3835: $? = 1
+configure:3824: xcrun clang -qversion >&5
+clang: error: unknown argument '-qversion', did you mean '--version'?
+clang: error: no input files
+configure:3835: $? = 1
+configure:3855: checking whether the C compiler works
+configure:3877: xcrun clang    conftest.c  >&5
+configure:3881: $? = 0
+configure:3929: result: yes
+configure:3932: checking for C compiler default output file name
+configure:3934: result: a.out
+configure:3940: checking for suffix of executables
+configure:3947: xcrun clang -o conftest    conftest.c  >&5
+configure:3951: $? = 0
+configure:3973: result: 
+configure:3995: checking whether we are cross compiling
+configure:4003: xcrun clang -o conftest    conftest.c  >&5
+configure:4007: $? = 0
+configure:4014: ./conftest
+configure:4018: $? = 0
+configure:4033: result: no
+configure:4038: checking for suffix of object files
+configure:4060: xcrun clang -c   conftest.c >&5
+configure:4064: $? = 0
+configure:4085: result: o
+configure:4089: checking whether we are using the GNU C compiler
+configure:4108: xcrun clang -c   conftest.c >&5
+configure:4108: $? = 0
+configure:4117: result: yes
+configure:4126: checking whether xcrun clang accepts -g
+configure:4146: xcrun clang -c -g  conftest.c >&5
+configure:4146: $? = 0
+configure:4187: result: yes
+configure:4204: checking for xcrun clang option to accept ISO C89
+configure:4267: xcrun clang  -c   conftest.c >&5
+configure:4267: $? = 0
+configure:4280: result: none needed
+configure:4305: checking whether xcrun clang understands -c and -o together
+configure:4327: xcrun clang -c conftest.c -o conftest2.o
+configure:4330: $? = 0
+configure:4327: xcrun clang -c conftest.c -o conftest2.o
+configure:4330: $? = 0
+configure:4342: result: yes
+configure:4370: checking for style of include used by make
+configure:4398: result: GNU
+configure:4424: checking dependency style of xcrun clang
+configure:4535: result: none
+configure:4608: checking for g++
+configure:4624: found /usr/bin/g++
+configure:4635: result: g++
+configure:4662: checking for C++ compiler version
+configure:4671: g++ --version >&5
+Apple LLVM version 10.0.1 (clang-1001.0.46.4)
+Target: x86_64-apple-darwin18.6.0
+Thread model: posix
+InstalledDir: /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin
+Configured with: --prefix=/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/usr --with-gxx-include-dir=/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.14.sdk/usr/include/c++/4.2.1
+configure:4682: $? = 0
+configure:4671: g++ -v >&5
+Configured with: --prefix=/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/usr --with-gxx-include-dir=/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.14.sdk/usr/include/c++/4.2.1
+Apple LLVM version 10.0.1 (clang-1001.0.46.4)
+Target: x86_64-apple-darwin18.6.0
+Thread model: posix
+InstalledDir: /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin
+configure:4682: $? = 0
+configure:4671: g++ -V >&5
+clang: error: unsupported option '-V -Wno-atomic-implicit-seq-cst'
+clang: error: no input files
+configure:4682: $? = 1
+configure:4671: g++ -qversion >&5
+clang: error: unknown argument '-qversion', did you mean '--version'?
+clang: error: no input files
+configure:4682: $? = 1
+configure:4686: checking whether we are using the GNU C++ compiler
+configure:4705: g++ -c   conftest.cpp >&5
+configure:4705: $? = 0
+configure:4714: result: yes
+configure:4723: checking whether g++ accepts -g
+configure:4743: g++ -c -g  conftest.cpp >&5
+configure:4743: $? = 0
+configure:4784: result: yes
+configure:4809: checking dependency style of g++
+configure:4920: result: none
+configure:4950: checking dependency style of xcrun clang
+configure:5059: result: none
+configure:5121: checking how to print strings
+configure:5148: result: printf
+configure:5169: checking for a sed that does not truncate output
+configure:5233: result: /usr/bin/sed
+configure:5251: checking for grep that handles long lines and -e
+configure:5309: result: /usr/bin/grep
+configure:5314: checking for egrep
+configure:5376: result: /usr/bin/grep -E
+configure:5381: checking for fgrep
+configure:5443: result: /usr/bin/grep -F
+configure:5478: checking for ld used by xcrun clang
+configure:5545: result: ld
+configure:5552: checking if the linker (ld) is GNU ld
+configure:5567: result: no
+configure:5579: checking for BSD- or MS-compatible name lister (nm)
+configure:5633: result: /usr/bin/nm -B
+configure:5763: checking the name lister (/usr/bin/nm -B) interface
+configure:5770: xcrun clang -c   conftest.c >&5
+configure:5773: /usr/bin/nm -B "conftest.o"
+configure:5776: output
+0000000000000000 S _some_variable
+configure:5783: result: BSD nm
+configure:5786: checking whether ln -s works
+configure:5790: result: yes
+configure:5798: checking the maximum length of command line arguments
+configure:5929: result: 196608
+configure:5977: checking how to convert x86_64-apple-darwin18.6.0 file names to x86_64-apple-darwin18.6.0 format
+configure:6017: result: func_convert_file_noop
+configure:6024: checking how to convert x86_64-apple-darwin18.6.0 file names to toolchain format
+configure:6044: result: func_convert_file_noop
+configure:6051: checking for ld option to reload object files
+configure:6058: result: -r
+configure:6132: checking for objdump
+configure:6148: found /usr/bin/objdump
+configure:6159: result: objdump
+configure:6191: checking how to recognize dependent libraries
+configure:6391: result: pass_all
+configure:6476: checking for dlltool
+configure:6506: result: no
+configure:6536: checking how to associate runtime and link libraries
+configure:6563: result: printf %s\n
+configure:6624: checking for ar
+configure:6640: found /usr/bin/ar
+configure:6651: result: ar
+configure:6688: checking for archiver @FILE support
+configure:6705: xcrun clang -c   conftest.c >&5
+configure:6705: $? = 0
+configure:6708: ar cru libconftest.a @conftest.lst >&5
+ar: @conftest.lst: No such file or directory
+configure:6711: $? = 1
+configure:6731: result: no
+configure:6789: checking for strip
+configure:6805: found /usr/bin/strip
+configure:6816: result: strip
+configure:6888: checking for ranlib
+configure:6904: found /usr/bin/ranlib
+configure:6915: result: ranlib
+configure:7017: checking command to parse /usr/bin/nm -B output from xcrun clang object
+configure:7170: xcrun clang -c   conftest.c >&5
+configure:7173: $? = 0
+configure:7177: /usr/bin/nm -B conftest.o \| sed -n -e 's/^.*[ ]\([BCDEGRST][BCDEGRST]*\)[ ][ ]*\([_A-Za-z][_A-Za-z0-9]*\)$/\1 \2 \2/p' | sed '/ __gnu_lto/d' \> conftest.nm
+configure:7180: $? = 0
+cannot find nm_test_var in conftest.nm
+configure:7170: xcrun clang -c   conftest.c >&5
+configure:7173: $? = 0
+configure:7177: /usr/bin/nm -B conftest.o \| sed -n -e 's/^.*[ ]\([BCDEGRST][BCDEGRST]*\)[ ][ ]*_\([_A-Za-z][_A-Za-z0-9]*\)$/\1 _\2 \2/p' | sed '/ __gnu_lto/d' \> conftest.nm
+configure:7180: $? = 0
+configure:7246: xcrun clang -o conftest    conftest.c conftstm.o >&5
+configure:7249: $? = 0
+configure:7287: result: ok
+configure:7334: checking for sysroot
+configure:7364: result: no
+configure:7371: checking for a working dd
+configure:7409: result: /bin/dd
+configure:7413: checking how to truncate binary pipes
+configure:7428: result: /bin/dd bs=4096 count=1
+configure:7757: checking for mt
+configure:7787: result: no
+configure:7807: checking if : is a manifest tool
+configure:7813: : '-?'
+configure:7821: result: no
+configure:7877: checking for dsymutil
+configure:7893: found /usr/bin/dsymutil
+configure:7904: result: dsymutil
+configure:7969: checking for nmedit
+configure:7985: found /usr/bin/nmedit
+configure:7996: result: nmedit
+configure:8061: checking for lipo
+configure:8077: found /usr/bin/lipo
+configure:8088: result: lipo
+configure:8153: checking for otool
+configure:8169: found /usr/bin/otool
+configure:8180: result: otool
+configure:8245: checking for otool64
+configure:8275: result: no
+configure:8320: checking for -single_module linker flag
+xcrun clang   -o libconftest.dylib -dynamiclib -Wl,-single_module conftest.c
+configure:8353: result: yes
+configure:8356: checking for -exported_symbols_list linker flag
+configure:8376: xcrun clang -o conftest    -Wl,-exported_symbols_list,conftest.sym conftest.c  >&5
+configure:8376: $? = 0
+configure:8386: result: yes
+configure:8389: checking for -force_load linker flag
+xcrun clang  -c -o conftest.o conftest.c
+ar cru libconftest.a conftest.o
+ranlib libconftest.a
+xcrun clang   -o conftest conftest.c -Wl,-force_load,./libconftest.a
+configure:8421: result: yes
+configure:8498: checking how to run the C preprocessor
+configure:8529: xcrun clang -E  conftest.c
+configure:8529: $? = 0
+configure:8543: xcrun clang -E  conftest.c
+conftest.c:11:10: fatal error: 'ac_nonexistent.h' file not found
+#include <ac_nonexistent.h>
+         ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+1 error generated.
+configure:8543: $? = 1
+configure: failed program was:
+| /* confdefs.h */
+| #define PACKAGE_NAME "libffi"
+| #define PACKAGE_TARNAME "libffi"
+| #define PACKAGE_VERSION "3.99999"
+| #define PACKAGE_STRING "libffi 3.99999"
+| #define PACKAGE_BUGREPORT "http://github.com/libffi/libffi/issues"
+| #define PACKAGE_URL ""
+| #define PACKAGE "libffi"
+| #define VERSION "3.99999"
+| /* end confdefs.h.  */
+| #include <ac_nonexistent.h>
+configure:8568: result: xcrun clang -E
+configure:8588: xcrun clang -E  conftest.c
+configure:8588: $? = 0
+configure:8602: xcrun clang -E  conftest.c
+conftest.c:11:10: fatal error: 'ac_nonexistent.h' file not found
+#include <ac_nonexistent.h>
+         ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+1 error generated.
+configure:8602: $? = 1
+configure: failed program was:
+| /* confdefs.h */
+| #define PACKAGE_NAME "libffi"
+| #define PACKAGE_TARNAME "libffi"
+| #define PACKAGE_VERSION "3.99999"
+| #define PACKAGE_STRING "libffi 3.99999"
+| #define PACKAGE_BUGREPORT "http://github.com/libffi/libffi/issues"
+| #define PACKAGE_URL ""
+| #define PACKAGE "libffi"
+| #define VERSION "3.99999"
+| /* end confdefs.h.  */
+| #include <ac_nonexistent.h>
+configure:8631: checking for ANSI C header files
+configure:8651: xcrun clang -c   conftest.c >&5
+configure:8651: $? = 0
+configure:8724: xcrun clang -o conftest    conftest.c  >&5
+configure:8724: $? = 0
+configure:8724: ./conftest
+configure:8724: $? = 0
+configure:8735: result: yes
+configure:8748: checking for sys/types.h
+configure:8748: xcrun clang -c   conftest.c >&5
+configure:8748: $? = 0
+configure:8748: result: yes
+configure:8748: checking for sys/stat.h
+configure:8748: xcrun clang -c   conftest.c >&5
+configure:8748: $? = 0
+configure:8748: result: yes
+configure:8748: checking for stdlib.h
+configure:8748: xcrun clang -c   conftest.c >&5
+configure:8748: $? = 0
+configure:8748: result: yes
+configure:8748: checking for string.h
+configure:8748: xcrun clang -c   conftest.c >&5
+configure:8748: $? = 0
+configure:8748: result: yes
+configure:8748: checking for memory.h
+configure:8748: xcrun clang -c   conftest.c >&5
+configure:8748: $? = 0
+configure:8748: result: yes
+configure:8748: checking for strings.h
+configure:8748: xcrun clang -c   conftest.c >&5
+configure:8748: $? = 0
+configure:8748: result: yes
+configure:8748: checking for inttypes.h
+configure:8748: xcrun clang -c   conftest.c >&5
+configure:8748: $? = 0
+configure:8748: result: yes
+configure:8748: checking for stdint.h
+configure:8748: xcrun clang -c   conftest.c >&5
+configure:8748: $? = 0
+configure:8748: result: yes
+configure:8748: checking for unistd.h
+configure:8748: xcrun clang -c   conftest.c >&5
+configure:8748: $? = 0
+configure:8748: result: yes
+configure:8762: checking for dlfcn.h
+configure:8762: xcrun clang -c   conftest.c >&5
+configure:8762: $? = 0
+configure:8762: result: yes
+configure:9029: checking for objdir
+configure:9044: result: .libs
+configure:9308: checking if xcrun clang supports -fno-rtti -fno-exceptions
+configure:9326: xcrun clang -c   -fno-rtti -fno-exceptions conftest.c >&5
+configure:9330: $? = 0
+configure:9343: result: yes
+configure:9701: checking for xcrun clang option to produce PIC
+configure:9708: result: -fno-common -DPIC
+configure:9716: checking if xcrun clang PIC flag -fno-common -DPIC works
+configure:9734: xcrun clang -c   -fno-common -DPIC -DPIC conftest.c >&5
+configure:9738: $? = 0
+configure:9751: result: yes
+configure:9780: checking if xcrun clang static flag -static works
+configure:9808: result: no
+configure:9823: checking if xcrun clang supports -c -o file.o
+configure:9844: xcrun clang -c   -o out/conftest2.o conftest.c >&5
+configure:9848: $? = 0
+configure:9870: result: yes
+configure:9878: checking if xcrun clang supports -c -o file.o
+configure:9925: result: yes
+configure:9958: checking whether the xcrun clang linker (ld) supports shared libraries
+configure:11221: result: yes
+configure:11461: checking dynamic linker characteristics
+configure:12291: result: darwin18.6.0 dyld
+configure:12413: checking how to hardcode library paths into programs
+configure:12438: result: immediate
+configure:12986: checking whether stripping libraries is possible
+configure:13000: result: yes
+configure:13026: checking if libtool supports shared libraries
+configure:13028: result: yes
+configure:13031: checking whether to build shared libraries
+configure:13056: result: yes
+configure:13059: checking whether to build static libraries
+configure:13063: result: no
+configure:13086: checking how to run the C++ preprocessor
+configure:13113: g++ -E  conftest.cpp
+configure:13113: $? = 0
+configure:13127: g++ -E  conftest.cpp
+conftest.cpp:23:10: fatal error: 'ac_nonexistent.h' file not found
+#include <ac_nonexistent.h>
+         ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+1 error generated.
+configure:13127: $? = 1
+configure: failed program was:
+| /* confdefs.h */
+| #define PACKAGE_NAME "libffi"
+| #define PACKAGE_TARNAME "libffi"
+| #define PACKAGE_VERSION "3.99999"
+| #define PACKAGE_STRING "libffi 3.99999"
+| #define PACKAGE_BUGREPORT "http://github.com/libffi/libffi/issues"
+| #define PACKAGE_URL ""
+| #define PACKAGE "libffi"
+| #define VERSION "3.99999"
+| #define STDC_HEADERS 1
+| #define HAVE_SYS_TYPES_H 1
+| #define HAVE_SYS_STAT_H 1
+| #define HAVE_STDLIB_H 1
+| #define HAVE_STRING_H 1
+| #define HAVE_MEMORY_H 1
+| #define HAVE_STRINGS_H 1
+| #define HAVE_INTTYPES_H 1
+| #define HAVE_STDINT_H 1
+| #define HAVE_UNISTD_H 1
+| #define HAVE_DLFCN_H 1
+| #define LT_OBJDIR ".libs/"
+| /* end confdefs.h.  */
+| #include <ac_nonexistent.h>
+configure:13152: result: g++ -E
+configure:13172: g++ -E  conftest.cpp
+configure:13172: $? = 0
+configure:13186: g++ -E  conftest.cpp
+conftest.cpp:23:10: fatal error: 'ac_nonexistent.h' file not found
+#include <ac_nonexistent.h>
+         ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+1 error generated.
+configure:13186: $? = 1
+configure: failed program was:
+| /* confdefs.h */
+| #define PACKAGE_NAME "libffi"
+| #define PACKAGE_TARNAME "libffi"
+| #define PACKAGE_VERSION "3.99999"
+| #define PACKAGE_STRING "libffi 3.99999"
+| #define PACKAGE_BUGREPORT "http://github.com/libffi/libffi/issues"
+| #define PACKAGE_URL ""
+| #define PACKAGE "libffi"
+| #define VERSION "3.99999"
+| #define STDC_HEADERS 1
+| #define HAVE_SYS_TYPES_H 1
+| #define HAVE_SYS_STAT_H 1
+| #define HAVE_STDLIB_H 1
+| #define HAVE_STRING_H 1
+| #define HAVE_MEMORY_H 1
+| #define HAVE_STRINGS_H 1
+| #define HAVE_INTTYPES_H 1
+| #define HAVE_STDINT_H 1
+| #define HAVE_UNISTD_H 1
+| #define HAVE_DLFCN_H 1
+| #define LT_OBJDIR ".libs/"
+| /* end confdefs.h.  */
+| #include <ac_nonexistent.h>
+configure:13348: checking for ld used by g++
+configure:13415: result: ld
+configure:13422: checking if the linker (ld) is GNU ld
+configure:13437: result: no
+configure:13492: checking whether the g++ linker (ld) supports shared libraries
+configure:14565: result: yes
+configure:14601: g++ -c -g -O2  conftest.cpp >&5
+configure:14604: $? = 0
+configure:15085: checking for g++ option to produce PIC
+configure:15092: result: -fno-common -DPIC
+configure:15100: checking if g++ PIC flag -fno-common -DPIC works
+configure:15118: g++ -c -g -O2  -fno-common -DPIC -DPIC conftest.cpp >&5
+configure:15122: $? = 0
+configure:15135: result: yes
+configure:15158: checking if g++ static flag -static works
+configure:15186: result: no
+configure:15198: checking if g++ supports -c -o file.o
+configure:15219: g++ -c -g -O2  -o out/conftest2.o conftest.cpp >&5
+configure:15223: $? = 0
+configure:15245: result: yes
+configure:15250: checking if g++ supports -c -o file.o
+configure:15297: result: yes
+configure:15327: checking whether the g++ linker (ld) supports shared libraries
+configure:15370: result: yes
+configure:15511: checking dynamic linker characteristics
+configure:16268: result: darwin18.6.0 dyld
+configure:16333: checking how to hardcode library paths into programs
+configure:16358: result: immediate
+configure:16426: checking size of size_t
+configure:16431: xcrun clang -o conftest    conftest.c  >&5
+configure:16431: $? = 0
+configure:16431: ./conftest
+configure:16431: $? = 0
+configure:16445: result: 8
+configure:16456: checking for C compiler vendor
+configure:16501: xcrun clang -c   conftest.c >&5
+conftest.c:30:9: error: use of undeclared identifier 'thisisanerror'
+        thisisanerror;
+        ^
+1 error generated.
+configure:16501: $? = 1
+configure: failed program was:
+| /* confdefs.h */
+| #define PACKAGE_NAME "libffi"
+| #define PACKAGE_TARNAME "libffi"
+| #define PACKAGE_VERSION "3.99999"
+| #define PACKAGE_STRING "libffi 3.99999"
+| #define PACKAGE_BUGREPORT "http://github.com/libffi/libffi/issues"
+| #define PACKAGE_URL ""
+| #define PACKAGE "libffi"
+| #define VERSION "3.99999"
+| #define STDC_HEADERS 1
+| #define HAVE_SYS_TYPES_H 1
+| #define HAVE_SYS_STAT_H 1
+| #define HAVE_STDLIB_H 1
+| #define HAVE_STRING_H 1
+| #define HAVE_MEMORY_H 1
+| #define HAVE_STRINGS_H 1
+| #define HAVE_INTTYPES_H 1
+| #define HAVE_STDINT_H 1
+| #define HAVE_UNISTD_H 1
+| #define HAVE_DLFCN_H 1
+| #define LT_OBJDIR ".libs/"
+| #define SIZEOF_SIZE_T 8
+| /* end confdefs.h.  */
+| 
+| int
+| main ()
+| {
+| 
+|       #if !(defined(__ICC) || defined(__ECC) || defined(__INTEL_COMPILER))
+|         thisisanerror;
+|       #endif
+| 
+|   ;
+|   return 0;
+| }
+configure:16501: xcrun clang -c   conftest.c >&5
+conftest.c:30:9: error: use of undeclared identifier 'thisisanerror'
+        thisisanerror;
+        ^
+1 error generated.
+configure:16501: $? = 1
+configure: failed program was:
+| /* confdefs.h */
+| #define PACKAGE_NAME "libffi"
+| #define PACKAGE_TARNAME "libffi"
+| #define PACKAGE_VERSION "3.99999"
+| #define PACKAGE_STRING "libffi 3.99999"
+| #define PACKAGE_BUGREPORT "http://github.com/libffi/libffi/issues"
+| #define PACKAGE_URL ""
+| #define PACKAGE "libffi"
+| #define VERSION "3.99999"
+| #define STDC_HEADERS 1
+| #define HAVE_SYS_TYPES_H 1
+| #define HAVE_SYS_STAT_H 1
+| #define HAVE_STDLIB_H 1
+| #define HAVE_STRING_H 1
+| #define HAVE_MEMORY_H 1
+| #define HAVE_STRINGS_H 1
+| #define HAVE_INTTYPES_H 1
+| #define HAVE_STDINT_H 1
+| #define HAVE_UNISTD_H 1
+| #define HAVE_DLFCN_H 1
+| #define LT_OBJDIR ".libs/"
+| #define SIZEOF_SIZE_T 8
+| /* end confdefs.h.  */
+| 
+| int
+| main ()
+| {
+| 
+|       #if !(defined(__xlc__) || defined(__xlC__) || defined(__IBMC__) || defined(__IBMCPP__))
+|         thisisanerror;
+|       #endif
+| 
+|   ;
+|   return 0;
+| }
+configure:16501: xcrun clang -c   conftest.c >&5
+conftest.c:30:9: error: use of undeclared identifier 'thisisanerror'
+        thisisanerror;
+        ^
+1 error generated.
+configure:16501: $? = 1
+configure: failed program was:
+| /* confdefs.h */
+| #define PACKAGE_NAME "libffi"
+| #define PACKAGE_TARNAME "libffi"
+| #define PACKAGE_VERSION "3.99999"
+| #define PACKAGE_STRING "libffi 3.99999"
+| #define PACKAGE_BUGREPORT "http://github.com/libffi/libffi/issues"
+| #define PACKAGE_URL ""
+| #define PACKAGE "libffi"
+| #define VERSION "3.99999"
+| #define STDC_HEADERS 1
+| #define HAVE_SYS_TYPES_H 1
+| #define HAVE_SYS_STAT_H 1
+| #define HAVE_STDLIB_H 1
+| #define HAVE_STRING_H 1
+| #define HAVE_MEMORY_H 1
+| #define HAVE_STRINGS_H 1
+| #define HAVE_INTTYPES_H 1
+| #define HAVE_STDINT_H 1
+| #define HAVE_UNISTD_H 1
+| #define HAVE_DLFCN_H 1
+| #define LT_OBJDIR ".libs/"
+| #define SIZEOF_SIZE_T 8
+| /* end confdefs.h.  */
+| 
+| int
+| main ()
+| {
+| 
+|       #if !(defined(__PATHCC__) || defined(__PATHSCALE__))
+|         thisisanerror;
+|       #endif
+| 
+|   ;
+|   return 0;
+| }
+configure:16501: xcrun clang -c   conftest.c >&5
+configure:16501: $? = 0
+configure:16509: result: clang
+configure:17335: : CFLAGS already contains 
+configure:17338: $? = 0
+configure:17360: checking CFLAGS for maximum warnings
+configure:17380: xcrun clang -c  -warn all  -warn all  conftest.c >&5
+clang: error: unknown argument: '-warn'
+clang: error: unknown argument: '-warn'
+clang: error: no such file or directory: 'all'
+clang: error: no such file or directory: 'all'
+configure:17380: $? = 1
+configure: failed program was:
+| /* confdefs.h */
+| #define PACKAGE_NAME "libffi"
+| #define PACKAGE_TARNAME "libffi"
+| #define PACKAGE_VERSION "3.99999"
+| #define PACKAGE_STRING "libffi 3.99999"
+| #define PACKAGE_BUGREPORT "http://github.com/libffi/libffi/issues"
+| #define PACKAGE_URL ""
+| #define PACKAGE "libffi"
+| #define VERSION "3.99999"
+| #define STDC_HEADERS 1
+| #define HAVE_SYS_TYPES_H 1
+| #define HAVE_SYS_STAT_H 1
+| #define HAVE_STDLIB_H 1
+| #define HAVE_STRING_H 1
+| #define HAVE_MEMORY_H 1
+| #define HAVE_STRINGS_H 1
+| #define HAVE_INTTYPES_H 1
+| #define HAVE_STDINT_H 1
+| #define HAVE_UNISTD_H 1
+| #define HAVE_DLFCN_H 1
+| #define LT_OBJDIR ".libs/"
+| #define SIZEOF_SIZE_T 8
+| /* end confdefs.h.  */
+| 
+| int
+| main ()
+| {
+| 
+|   ;
+|   return 0;
+| }
+configure:17380: xcrun clang -c  -pedantic  -Wall  conftest.c >&5
+configure:17380: $? = 0
+configure:17388: result: -Wall
+configure:17404: : CFLAGS="$CFLAGS $ac_cv_cflags_warn_all"
+configure:17407: $? = 0
+configure:17437: checking whether to enable maintainer-specific portions of Makefiles
+configure:17446: result: no
+configure:17462: checking sys/mman.h usability
+configure:17462: xcrun clang -c  -Wall -fexceptions  conftest.c >&5
+configure:17462: $? = 0
+configure:17462: result: yes
+configure:17462: checking sys/mman.h presence
+configure:17462: xcrun clang -E  conftest.c
+configure:17462: $? = 0
+configure:17462: result: yes
+configure:17462: checking for sys/mman.h
+configure:17462: result: yes
+configure:17475: checking for mmap
+configure:17475: xcrun clang -o conftest  -Wall -fexceptions   conftest.c  >&5
+configure:17475: $? = 0
+configure:17475: result: yes
+configure:17475: checking for mkostemp
+configure:17475: xcrun clang -o conftest  -Wall -fexceptions   conftest.c  >&5
+configure:17475: $? = 0
+configure:17475: result: yes
+configure:17485: checking for sys/mman.h
+configure:17485: result: yes
+configure:17493: checking for mmap
+configure:17493: result: yes
+configure:17506: checking whether read-only mmap of a plain file works
+configure:17523: result: yes
+configure:17525: checking whether mmap from /dev/zero works
+configure:17547: result: no
+configure:17551: checking for MAP_ANON(YMOUS)
+configure:17574: xcrun clang -c  -Wall -fexceptions  conftest.c >&5
+conftest.c:38:5: warning: unused variable 'n' [-Wunused-variable]
+int n = MAP_ANONYMOUS;
+    ^
+1 warning generated.
+configure:17574: $? = 0
+configure:17581: result: yes
+configure:17587: checking whether mmap with MAP_ANON(YMOUS) works
+configure:17604: result: yes
+configure:17647: checking for ANSI C header files
+configure:17751: result: yes
+configure:17761: checking for memcpy
+configure:17761: xcrun clang -o conftest  -Wall -fexceptions   conftest.c  >&5
+conftest.c:53:6: warning: incompatible